公孫姓(xing):漢族復姓(xing)之一(yi)(yi)。據傳,源于5000多(duo)年前的(de)華夏時代,是中國(guo)最古老(lao)的(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)之一(yi)(yi)。在《百家姓(xing)》中排名第428位。在2007年全國(guo)姓(xing)氏(shi)人(ren)口排名第300位以外(wai)。
春(chun)秋時期,各國諸侯(hou)不論(lun)爵(jue)位大小,多喜歡稱公。按照周朝制度,國君(jun)一(yi)般(ban)由嫡長子繼(ji)位,即位前稱為太子,其(qi)他的(de)兒(er)子便(bian)稱為公子,公子的(de)兒(er)子則稱公孫。他們的(de)后代便(bian)有不少人便(bian)以公孫為姓。
《通(tong)志》載(zai):"公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),春秋時(shi)諸(zhu)侯之孫(sun),亦以為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)者,曰公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴族(zu)之稱。或跟黃帝姓公(gong)孫(sun),因以為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)。”
公(gong)孫(Gōng sūn)姓(xing),源出有二:
源(yuan)于身(shen)份(fen),出(chu)自兩周(zhou)時期各(ge)諸(zhu)侯(hou)國王(wang)族(zu)的(de)后裔,屬于以(yi)貴胄身(shen)份(fen)稱(cheng)謂為(wei)(wei)氏。春秋時期,各(ge)國諸(zhu)侯(hou)不論爵位大(da)小,多有被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)”者。按周(zhou)王(wang)朝的(de)典(dian)禮制度(du),國君(jun)一(yi)般由(you)嫡長子(zi)繼位,即(ji)位前稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi),其他的(de)兒子(zi)便稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)兒子(zi)則(ze)稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。在這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)的(de)后裔子(zi)孫(sun)(sun)中,有許多人(ren)便以(yi)身(shen)份(fen)稱(cheng)謂“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)氏者,稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏,因此(ci),公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)并非一(yi)族(zu)一(yi)姓(xing)的(de)后人(ren)。
出(chu)自姬姓(xing)(xing),黃帝(di)姬軒(xuan)轅的(de)后(hou)裔有(you)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏。最初(chu)出(chu)現的(de)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏是(shi)在上古時(shi)期。據(ju)《路史》載:“神農同(tong)母弟勖,嗣少(shao)典國君(jun),世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)侯,后(hou)以(yi)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。軒(xuan)轅帝(di)初(chu)名公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),后(hou)改姬。”所有(you)他的(de)后(hou)代(dai)里,有(you)部(bu)分(fen)姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),稱公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏。在春秋時(shi),各國各地(di)的(de)諸(zhu)侯,大多喜歡(huan)被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)”。以(yi)當時(shi)的(de)制(zhi)度,國君(jun)將(jiang)由(you)國君(jun)的(de)嫡系長(chang)子(zi)繼承。正式登基前(qian),應先立為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi),此時(shi)其他的(de)兒(er)子(zi)將(jiang)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),同(tong)時(shi)諸(zhu)侯的(de)兒(er)子(zi)也是(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),而公(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)兒(er)子(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)們(men)的(de)后(hou)代(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突出(chu)祖(zu)(zu)出(chu)祖(zu)(zu)先曾有(you)過的(de)皇室血統,就(jiu)改姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。這樣,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一種姓(xing)(xing)氏的(de)榮譽(yu)而流傳甚(shen)廣。此時(shi)它的(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏來源就(jiu)五花八門,不一而足了。故(gu)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏的(de)始祖(zu)(zu)是(shi)黃帝(di)軒(xuan)轅。
這在史籍《廣韻》中(zhong)有記載:“古封公(gong)之(zhi)后,皆(jie)自稱公(gong)孫(sun),故其姓(xing)多,非一族(zu)也。”又據史籍《通志(zhi)》記載:“公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),春秋時(shi)諸(zhu)侯之(zhi)孫(sun),亦以(yi)為(wei)氏(shi)者,曰(yue)公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),皆(jie)貴族(zu)之(zhi)稱。或眼(yan)黃(huang)帝姓(xing)公(gong)孫(sun),因以(yi)為(wei)氏(shi)。”
存疑(yi):黃帝(di)姬姓,不可能姓公(gong)孫
黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)姓(xing)公(gong)孫的(de)說法主要來源于(yu)《史(shi)記(ji)·五帝(di)(di)(di)(di)本紀》,而早(zao)于(yu)《史(shi)記(ji)》的(de)《國語·晉語》卻記(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)以姬(ji)水(shui)(今陜甘的(de)渭、湟之(zhi)(zhi)間)成,炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)以姜水(shui)(經岐(qi)山、扶風、武功(gong)入渭之(zhi)(zhi)岐(qi)水(shui))成,故黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)為姬(ji),炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)為姜。“
《史記》記載:“黃帝二十五子,其(qi)得姓者(zhe)十四人。”
《國語·晉語》謂十(shi)四人實有(you)十(shi)二(er)姓,即(ji)姬(ji)、酉、祁、己(ji)、滕、葴、任、荀、僖、姞、儇、衣。其中(zhong)青陽與(yu)夷鼓同為己(ji)姓,玄囂與(yu)蒼林同為姬(ji)姓。十(shi)四個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)并無(wu)姓公孫(sun)者。兒(er)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)沒有(you)姓公孫(sun)的,那(nei)么(me)孫(sun)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)會有(you)么(me)?
清崔(cui)述(shu)《補上古考信(xin)錄(lu)》指出:“公孫是公之孫,上古時無此(公孫)稱。”
黃(huang)帝是(shi)少典的兒子,姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun),名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅。傳說是(shi)神農的同父異母(mu)弟:“嗣少典國君,世為諸侯”,在他(ta)的后代中,就有人以(yi)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)。黃(huang)帝軒(xuan)(xuan)轅氏曾姓(xing)(xing)過(guo)“公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”,后來改成姬姓(xing)(xing),所(suo)有他(ta)的后代里,有部(bu)分姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun),另有部(bu)分姓(xing)(xing)姬,再有少數(shu)以(yi)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅為姓(xing)(xing)。
漢魏時期遼東公(gong)孫氏世家:
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第三(san)代:公(gong)孫康、公(gong)孫恭
第四代:公孫晃、公孫淵
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個古老的漢族姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),但(dan)人(ren)口總數在(zai)中國的大陸(lu)和臺灣(wan)省均未列(lie)入百(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)前三(san)百(bai)位,在(zai)宋版《百(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)》中排序(xu)為第四百(bai)二十(shi)九位門閥。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)源遠流長,據《路(lu)史》上記載(zai)(zai),軒(xuan)轅氏(shi)(shi)初(chu)姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),后(hou)改(gai)姓(xing)(xing)姬。由此(ci)看來(lai),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)詞,自古以來(lai)本(ben)身的意義(yi)便十(shi)分尊榮也(ye)就不足為奇了(le)(le)。從(cong)《廣韻》上記載(zai)(zai):“封公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou),自皆稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。”可(ke)知,春秋時(shi)期(qi)列(lie)國諸侯的子孫(sun)(sun)(sun),被尊稱(cheng)(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。從(cong)《通志·氏(shi)(shi)族略》記載(zai)(zai)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi),皆貴(gui)者之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)。”可(ke)見(jian),后(hou)來(lai)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)”的意義(yi)延伸了(le)(le),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般人(ren)也(ye)尊稱(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)胄的子弟(di)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。如如今的對(dui)人(ren)的“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子”稱(cheng)(cheng)謂。據說春秋時(shi)代出身于諸侯之(zhi)家(jia)的公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),干脆以“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)”為姓(xing)(xing),也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)。由此(ci)可(ke)見(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)的中國人(ren)中,并不完全(quan)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)脈相承自黃(huang)帝,其中有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部分是春秋貴(gui)族的后(hou)裔。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫姓在大陸和臺灣百(bai)家(jia)姓中名列一百(bai)位之(zhi)后(hou)。在古(gu)代(dai),孫字可泛(fan)指后(hou)代(dai)人(ren),而公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫兩字,也(ye)可用來泛(fan)指王公(gong)(gong)(gong)貴(gui)族的(de)(de)后(hou)代(dai)。有(you)些王公(gong)(gong)(gong)貴(gui)族的(de)(de)后(hou)代(dai)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫的(de)(de)稱呼為榮(rong),便(bian)相延世代(dai)成(cheng)為姓。古(gu)書(shu)《通(tong)志》說,相傳遠古(gu)時黃帝姓公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫,于是便(bian)有(you)這一姓的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)流傳。
公孫(sun)氏望族居高陽郡(今山東(dong)臨淄)、扶風郡(今陜西咸(xian)陽)。今山東(dong)、云(yun)南兩省還有公孫(sun)氏族人分布(bu)。
扶(fu)(fu)(fu)風(feng)郡(jun):周朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)置(zhi)郡(jun),其時(shi)轄(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平縣、咸陽市(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區。漢朝武帝太初元年(丁(ding)丑,公元前104年)置(zhi)右扶(fu)(fu)(fu)風(feng),與京兆(zhao)、左馮翊合為(wei)(wei)三輔,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平市(shi),其時(shi)轄(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)長(chang)安縣以西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、鳳翔縣一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)曹魏國(guo)改名為(wei)(wei)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)風(feng)郡(jun),治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)隗里(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)興(xing)平),其時(shi)轄(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)麟(lin)游縣、干縣以西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),秦嶺以北、山東省(sheng)平原縣以南一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區。五代時(shi)期(qi)(qi)后漢將其轄(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)定在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)移治(zhi)到(dao)池陽(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)涇陽),南北朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的北魏移治(zhi)所到(dao)好(hao)疇(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)乾縣)。隋、唐兩朝以今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)岐(qi)州一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)為(wei)(wei)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)風(feng)郡(jun)。
高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun):歷史上的高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)有三:①戰國時(shi)(shi)期為(wei)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)邑,亦稱(cheng)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)鄉,在(zai)今河(he)南(nan)杞縣(xian)西(xi)北(bei)部,秦朝(chao)末期酈食其自稱(cheng)“高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)酒徒”,其“高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)”即指(zhi)該地(di)區。②東漢(han)桓帝(di)時(shi)(shi)期(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)147~167年)又置高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun),治(zhi)所在(zai)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(今河(he)北(bei)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)),其時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)在(zai)今河(he)北(bei)省高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)一帶。晉朝(chao)泰(tai)始初(chu)期(乙酉,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)265年)置高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)國,治(zhi)所在(zai)博(bo)陸(lu)(今河(he)北(bei)蠡(li)縣(xian)),時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)四縣(xian),轄(xia)(xia)(xia)境包括今保定、清苑、高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)、博(bo)野、蠡(li)縣(xian)等縣(xian)地(di)。③北(bei)魏時(shi)(shi)期另置青州高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun),轄(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)在(zai)今山東省淄博(bo)市臨淄區西(xi)北(bei)部一帶,隋朝(chao)開(kai)皇(huang)初(chu)年(辛丑,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)581年)被廢黜。公(gong)(gong)孫氏望族的高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun),是指(zhi)③之所處。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂:以望立堂。
白馬堂:東(dong)漢(han)末期公孫瓚(zan)被封為討虜將軍,屢次打敗(bai)胡(hu)虜,除遼(liao)東(dong)屬國長史。常乘白馬,烏桓怕他,互相告(gao)語:“我們(men)要(yao)避開白馬長史。”
忠義堂:春秋時公孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)和(he)(he)程(cheng)(cheng)嬰都是(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)朔的(de)(de)門客。趙(zhao)(zhao)朔為屠(tu)(tu)岸賈(jia)所殺,朔妻遺腹生一子(zi)。杵(chu)臼(jiu)和(he)(he)程(cheng)(cheng)嬰設(she)計保(bao)存趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒(er)(er):杵(chu)臼(jiu)把(ba)自己(ji)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)藏在山(shan)中(zhong),派(pai)程(cheng)(cheng)嬰向屠(tu)(tu)岸賈(jia)回報說(shuo)是(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒(er)(er)。屠(tu)(tu)岸賈(jia)就把(ba)公孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)當成(cheng)(cheng)趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒(er)(er)和(he)(he)公孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)一起(qi)殺了。程(cheng)(cheng)嬰保(bao)護著趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒(er)(er)長(chang)大成(cheng)(cheng)人,終于報了趙(zhao)(zhao)朔被殺之(zhi)仇。人稱公孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)舍掉自己(ji)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)和(he)(he)自己(ji)的(de)(de)命存主人之(zhi)孤(gu),既忠且(qie)義。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上(shang)聯典指(zhi)隋(sui)(sui)朝時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)阜城(cheng)人(ren)公孫景茂(mao),字元蔚,博覽(lan)經(jing)史,在(zai)(zai)西魏時(shi)任太常博士,對經(jing)史的(de)(de)錯誤多有(you)改動(dong),當時(shi)人(ren)稱為“書庫”。隋(sui)(sui)開皇(huang)初(chu)年(nian)官汝南太守(shou),后歷(li)任息州刺(ci)史、道州刺(ci)史、淄州刺(ci)史,所(suo)到之處,常用自(zi)己的(de)(de)薪俸幫助病人(ren)、窮人(ren)。下(xia)聯典指(zhi)晉(jin)朝時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)上(shang)谷人(ren)公孫鳳,字上(shang)鸞,隱(yin)居在(zai)(zai)昌黎的(de)(de)九城(cheng)山谷,冬(dong)穿(chuan)單衣,夏吃餿食,彈琴吟(yin)詠,悠然自(zi)得(de)。朝廷(ting)屢次征(zheng)召,不為所(suo)動(dong)。“弓旌”,為古(gu)代征(zheng)聘士大(da)夫之禮。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上聯典指(zhi)春秋(qiu)時期(qi)的晉國公孫杵臼(jiu)。下聯典指(zhi)春秋(qiu)戰國時期(qi)的齊國公孫丑(chou)。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上聯(lian)典(dian)指漢朝(chao)時期(qi)的薛人(ren)公孫(sun)弘,字季,小時候(hou)家里貧窮,四(si)十(shi)多歲始學《春秋·雜說(shuo)》,漢武帝兩次(ci)征召為博(bo)士,后(hou)任丞(cheng)相(xiang),封平津侯,生活儉樸,經(jing)常吃糙米(mi),人(ren)們都佩服他的勤儉。下聯(lian)典(dian)指唐朝(chao)時期(qi)的教坊舞伎公孫(sun)大娘(niang),善舞劍器,名(ming)(ming)冠(guan)一時。杜甫曾(ceng)(ceng)有《觀公孫(sun)大娘(niang)弟子舞劍器行》詩。書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家懷素曾(ceng)(ceng)見(jian)她舞西河劍器,遂(sui)凈其舞姿化用于(yu)書(shu)(shu)法(fa),從此其草書(shu)(shu)大有長進(jin),以狂草著名(ming)(ming)。
脫粟稱平(ping)津之(zhi)儉,舞劍示懷(huai)素之(zhi)書(shu)
上(shang)聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)漢朝時(shi)期的(de)薛人公(gong)孫(sun)弘。下聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)唐朝時(shi)期的(de)教坊舞伎公(gong)孫(sun)大娘。
孟門受(shou)精微(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)學,行人(ren)擅(shan)修飾之(zhi)(zhi)能
上聯典指(zhi)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時期(qi)的(de)(de)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)公(gong)孫(sun)丑,孟(meng)子(zi)弟子(zi),非常傾慕春秋時齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫管(guan)仲、晏嬰,曾(ceng)向孟(meng)子(zi)請教他們建功立業的(de)(de)精細隱微(wei)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。下聯典指(zhi)春秋時期(qi)的(de)(de)鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫公(gong)孫(sun)揮,字子(zi)羽(yu),鄭(zheng)簡公(gong)時任行人(ren)(掌管(guan)朝覲聘問(wen)的(de)(de)官)。《論語·憲(xian)問(wen)》中曾(ceng)說:“鄭(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外交辭令的(de)(de)創制,裨湛起草(cao),世叔討(tao)論,行人(ren)子(zi)羽(yu)修飾,東里(li)子(zi)產潤色。”
孟氏及(ji)門,受精(jing)微之(zhi)學;行人子羽,擅修飾之(zhi)能(neng)
上聯典指(zhi)戰國時期的公孫(sun)(sun)丑,孟子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi),曾向(xiang)孟子(zi)(zi)問(wen)何謂“不動心”和“浩然之氣”。又請(qing)問(wen)管仲和晏嬰的功(gong)業。下聯典指(zhi)春秋時期的公孫(sun)(sun)揮,字子(zi)(zi)羽。熟諳(an)諸侯政令,且嫻于辭令。仕行人(ren)。《論(lun)語(yu)》:“行人(ren)子(zi)(zi)羽修飾(shi)之。”《左傳(chuan)》論(lun)述:“鄭國將有(you)諸侯(外交)之事,子(zi)(zi)產乃問(wen)四(si)國之事于子(zi)(zi)羽。”
黃帝(di)(di):姓公(gong)孫(sun)(一說(shuo)為(wei)姬姓),名軒轅(yuan)(yuan),號軒轅(yuan)(yuan)氏、有熊(xiong)氏和(he)歸藏氏,被尊(zun)奉為(wei)“中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)始(shi)祖(zu)”。據《史記·五(wu)帝(di)(di)本(ben)記》記載:“黃帝(di)(di)者(zhe),少典之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子,姓公(gong)孫(sun),名軒轅(yuan)(yuan)。……黃帝(di)(di)居軒轅(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丘”。華(hua)(hua)夏族的締造者(zhe),五(wu)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首,有些說(shuo)法被列為(wei)三皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,是公(gong)認的中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族的祖(zu)先。
公孫(sun)僑:復姓公孫(sun),名僑,字子(zi)產,又字子(zi)美,鄭稱公孫(sun)。春(chun)秋(qiu)時期(qi)鄭國的(de)政治家和思想家。子(zi)產具有(you)人(ren)(ren)本主義的(de)思想,強調人(ren)(ren)事,但也不(bu)(bu)否認(ren)鬼(gui)神。提出“天道(dao)(dao)遠,人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)邇,非所及也”。在子(zi)產看來(lai),人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)先于天道(dao)(dao),天道(dao)(dao)可(ke)以存而不(bu)(bu)論,人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)察。被清(qing)朝(chao)的(de)王源推許(xu)為“春(chun)秋(qiu)第一人(ren)(ren)”。
公孫(sun)鞅(yang),衛國國君的后裔,姬姓、公孫(sun)氏,故稱(cheng)衛鞅(yang),又稱(cheng)公孫(sun)鞅(yang),后封(feng)于商(shang),后人稱(cheng)之(zhi)商(shang)鞅(yang)。在秦國執政十九年,秦國大治,史稱(cheng)商(shang)鞅(yang)變(bian)法。戰國時期(qi)政治家,著名法家代(dai)表(biao)人物。
公孫龍(前320年-前250年):傳說(shuo)字子(zi)秉,中(zhong)(zhong)國戰(zhan)國時期(qi)趙(zhao)國人,曾經做(zuo)過平原君的(de)(de)(de)門客,名家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)代表人物,其(qi)主要著作(zuo)為《公孫龍子(zi)》,西漢時共有14篇(pian),唐代時分為三卷,北宋時遺(yi)失了8篇(pian),到如今只殘(can)留6篇(pian),共一(yi)卷。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)最重要的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)篇(pian)是(shi)《白馬(ma)論》和(he)(he)《堅白論》,提(ti)(ti)出了“白馬(ma)非馬(ma)”和(he)(he)“離堅白”等論點(dian),是(shi)“離堅白”學(xue)(xue)派的(de)(de)(de)主要代表。是(shi)著名的(de)(de)(de)詭(gui)辯學(xue)(xue)代表著作(zuo),提(ti)(ti)出了邏輯學(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)“個別(bie)”和(he)(he)“一(yi)般”之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)相互關系,但把它們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)夸大(da),割斷二者的(de)(de)(de)聯系,是(shi)一(yi)種形而上學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)思想體系。
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu):西(xi)漢(han)末(mo)年(nian)(nian)(nian),天下紛擾,群雄競起(qi),公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)遂自(zi)稱輔漢(han)將軍(jun)兼(jian)領益州牧。建武元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(25年(nian)(nian)(nian)),公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)稱帝(di)于蜀,國(guo)號成家(一作大成或成),年(nian)(nian)(nian)號龍興。建武十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(35年(nian)(nian)(nian)),漢(han)廷乃(nai)派兵(bing)征討,被(bei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)所拒。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian),復(fu)命大司馬(ma)吳漢(han)舉兵(bing)來伐,攻(gong)破成都,縱兵(bing)大掠,盡誅公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏,“成家”為東漢(han)所亡。計公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)(shu)割據益州稱帝(di),共在(zai)位十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(150-204年(nian)):字(zi)升濟,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)襄平(遼(liao)(liao)(liao)陽)人。有二子,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)康(kang),康(kang)弟公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)恭,康(kang)子公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)晃、公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)淵。少(shao)隨(sui)父遷居玄(xuan)菟郡。初為(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)菟小吏,繼(ji)升尚書郎、冀(ji)州刺史,后被免官。東(dong)漢(han)中(zhong)平六年(nian)(189年(nian)),經同鄉徐榮推薦(jian),被董卓(zhuo)任(ren)命為(wei)(wei)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)太守。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度到任(ren)后,厲行嚴(yan)刑峻法,打擊(ji)豪強勢力,使(shi)令(ling)行政通(tong),羽(yu)翼漸(jian)豐。漢(han)獻帝初平元年(nian)(190年(nian)),中(zhong)原地區(qu)董卓(zhuo)亂起,各地軍(jun)閥(fa)無(wu)暇東(dong)顧(gu)。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度趁機(ji)自立為(wei)(wei)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)侯(hou)、平州牧(mu)。繼(ji)則東(dong)伐(fa)高句(ju)麗,西(xi)擊(ji)烏(wu)桓,向南取遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)半島,開疆擴土(tu);又招(zhao)賢納士,設館(guan)開學,廣招(zhao)流民,威行海(hai)外,儼然以遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)王自居。由于公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度的(de)(de)銳意(yi)進(jin)取和苦心經營(ying),使(shi)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)地區(qu)在漢(han)末(mo)三(san)國的(de)(de)戰亂年(nian)代,獲得了暫(zan)時的(de)(de)安(an)寧(ning),推動了當地生產(chan)技術和封建文化的(de)(de)發展。
公(gong)孫(sun)淵:字文(wen)懿。魏大司馬(ma),封(feng)樂浪公(gong)。公(gong)孫(sun)度之孫(sun)。后(hou)自稱燕王(wang)。為司馬(ma)懿所破。
公孫瓚(?-199):字伯珪,漢(han)族,遼西令支(今河北遷安(an))人。東漢(han)末年(nian)(nian)獻帝年(nian)(nian)間占據幽州一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)軍閥,漢(han)末群(qun)雄之一(yi)(yi)。后(hou)為(wei)(wei)袁紹(shao)所(suo)(suo)破(po)。其子(zi)公孫續,被公孫瓚派往黑山(shan)求張(zhang)燕來救已遲。后(hou)為(wei)(wei)屠各(ge)(休屠各(ge)的(de)省稱,也(ye)稱休屠)所(suo)(suo)殺。