公孫(sun)姓(xing):漢族復(fu)姓(xing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。據傳(chuan),源于(yu)5000多年(nian)前(qian)的(de)華夏時代(dai),是中國最古(gu)老(lao)的(de)姓(xing)氏之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。在《百(bai)家姓(xing)》中排名(ming)第428位。在2007年(nian)全國姓(xing)氏人口排名(ming)第300位以外。
春秋時(shi)期,各國(guo)(guo)諸侯不論(lun)爵位大(da)小,多喜(xi)歡稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)。按(an)照周朝制(zhi)度,國(guo)(guo)君(jun)一般由嫡長子(zi)(zi)(zi)繼(ji)位,即位前稱(cheng)為(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi),其他(ta)(ta)的兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)便(bian)稱(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)則(ze)稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫。他(ta)(ta)們(men)的后代便(bian)有不少(shao)人便(bian)以公(gong)(gong)孫為(wei)姓。
《通志》載:"公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi),春秋(qiu)時諸(zhu)侯之(zhi)孫(sun)(sun),亦以為氏(shi)(shi)者,曰公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi),皆(jie)貴族(zu)之(zhi)稱(cheng)。或跟黃帝姓公(gong)孫(sun)(sun),因以為氏(shi)(shi)。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓,源出有二:
源于身(shen)份(fen),出自(zi)兩周時期(qi)各諸侯(hou)國(guo)王(wang)族(zu)的(de)(de)后裔,屬于以(yi)貴胄身(shen)份(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)為(wei)氏。春秋(qiu)時期(qi),各國(guo)諸侯(hou)不論爵(jue)位(wei)大小,多(duo)有被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“公(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)。按(an)周王(wang)朝(chao)的(de)(de)典禮制度,國(guo)君一般由嫡長子(zi)(zi)繼位(wei),即位(wei)前稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)太子(zi)(zi),其他的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)便稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)則稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。在這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)后裔子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)(sun)中,有許多(duo)人(ren)便以(yi)身(shen)份(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為(wei)姓(xing)氏者(zhe),稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏,因此,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)并非一族(zu)一姓(xing)的(de)(de)后人(ren)。
出自姬(ji)姓(xing),黃(huang)帝(di)姬(ji)軒轅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔(yi)有(you)公(gong)孫氏(shi)(shi)。最初(chu)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)孫氏(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)上古(gu)時(shi)(shi)期。據《路史》載(zai):“神農(nong)同母弟勖(xu),嗣少典國君(jun),世為諸(zhu)侯(hou),后以公(gong)孫為姓(xing)。軒轅帝(di)初(chu)名公(gong)孫,后改(gai)(gai)姬(ji)。”所有(you)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代里(li),有(you)部分姓(xing)公(gong)孫,稱公(gong)孫氏(shi)(shi)。在(zai)春秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi),各國各地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諸(zhu)侯(hou),大多喜(xi)歡被稱為“公(gong)”。以當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制度,國君(jun)將由國君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫡(di)系(xi)長子(zi)繼承。正(zheng)式登(deng)基前,應(ying)先(xian)立(li)為太子(zi),此時(shi)(shi)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)將稱為公(gong)子(zi),同時(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)侯(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)也是(shi)(shi)公(gong)子(zi),而(er)公(gong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)孫。這些公(gong)孫們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代為突出祖出祖先(xian)曾有(you)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)室血(xue)統(tong),就(jiu)改(gai)(gai)姓(xing)為公(gong)孫。這樣(yang),公(gong)孫作為一種姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榮譽而(er)流傳甚廣。此時(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)來(lai)源就(jiu)五花八門,不一而(er)足了。故公(gong)孫氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始祖是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)帝(di)軒轅。
這在史籍《廣韻》中有記載:“古封(feng)公(gong)(gong)之后,皆(jie)自(zi)稱公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),故其姓多,非(fei)一族也。”又據史籍《通志(zhi)》記載:“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),春秋時諸侯(hou)之孫(sun)(sun),亦以為氏(shi)者,曰公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆(jie)貴族之稱。或眼黃帝姓公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),因(yin)以為氏(shi)。”
存疑:黃(huang)帝姬(ji)姓,不可能姓公(gong)孫
黃(huang)帝(di)姓公孫的說法主要來源(yuan)于《史記(ji)·五(wu)帝(di)本(ben)紀》,而早于《史記(ji)》的《國語(yu)·晉語(yu)》卻記(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝(di)以姬水(今陜甘的渭(wei)、湟(huang)之間(jian))成(cheng),炎帝(di)以姜水(經岐山、扶風、武功(gong)入渭(wei)之岐水)成(cheng),故黃(huang)帝(di)為(wei)姬,炎帝(di)為(wei)姜。“
《史記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝二十五子(zi),其得姓者十四人(ren)。”
《國語·晉語》謂(wei)十四(si)(si)人實有(you)十二姓(xing),即(ji)姬、酉(you)、祁、己、滕、葴、任、荀(xun)、僖、姞、儇、衣。其中(zhong)青(qing)陽與夷鼓同為己姓(xing),玄囂與蒼林同為姬姓(xing)。十四(si)(si)個兒子中(zhong)并無(wu)姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫者。兒子中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫的,那么孫子中(zhong)會有(you)么?
清崔(cui)述(shu)《補上古考信錄》指(zhi)出:“公孫是公之孫,上古時無此(公孫)稱。”
黃帝是少(shao)典(dian)的(de)兒子,姓(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫(sun),名軒(xuan)轅。傳說(shuo)是神農的(de)同父異母弟:“嗣(si)少(shao)典(dian)國君,世為諸侯”,在他的(de)后(hou)代中(zhong),就(jiu)有人以公(gong)孫(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。黃帝軒(xuan)轅氏曾姓(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)“公(gong)孫(sun)”,后(hou)來改(gai)成姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),所有他的(de)后(hou)代里,有部(bu)分姓(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫(sun),另有部(bu)分姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji),再(zai)有少(shao)數以軒(xuan)轅為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。
漢魏時期遼東(dong)公(gong)孫(sun)氏世家(jia):
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第三代:公孫(sun)康、公孫(sun)恭
第四代:公孫晃、公孫淵
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)是一(yi)個(ge)古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢(han)族姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),但人口(kou)總(zong)數在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)陸(lu)和臺灣省(sheng)均(jun)未列入百家姓(xing)(xing)前三百位(wei),在宋版《百家姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)排序(xu)為第四百二十九(jiu)位(wei)門閥。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)一(yi)姓(xing)(xing)源(yuan)遠流長,據(ju)《路史》上(shang)(shang)記載,軒轅氏(shi)初姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),后改姓(xing)(xing)姬。由此(ci)看來,“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”一(yi)詞(ci),自(zi)古以來本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)便十分(fen)尊(zun)榮(rong)也就不足為奇了(le)(le)。從《廣韻》上(shang)(shang)記載:“封(feng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后,自(zi)皆(jie)(jie)稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。”可知(zhi),春(chun)秋時期(qi)列國(guo)諸侯的(de)(de)(de)(de)子孫(sun)(sun),被尊(zun)稱(cheng)(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。從《通志·氏(shi)族略》記載“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆(jie)(jie)貴者之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)。”可見(jian),后來“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)延伸了(le)(le),一(yi)般人也尊(zun)稱(cheng)(cheng)貴胄的(de)(de)(de)(de)子弟為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。如(ru)如(ru)今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對人的(de)(de)(de)(de)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子”稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)。據(ju)說春(chun)秋時代(dai)出身(shen)于諸侯之(zhi)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),干脆(cui)以“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為姓(xing)(xing),也稱(cheng)(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)了(le)(le)。由此(ci)可見(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人中(zhong)(zhong),并不完全(quan)是一(yi)脈相承自(zi)黃帝,其中(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)是春(chun)秋貴族的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔(yi)。
公孫(sun)姓(xing)在大(da)陸和臺灣百家姓(xing)中名(ming)列一百位之后(hou)。在古代(dai)(dai),孫(sun)字可泛(fan)(fan)指后(hou)代(dai)(dai)人,而公孫(sun)兩字,也可用(yong)來泛(fan)(fan)指王公貴族的(de)后(hou)代(dai)(dai)。有些王公貴族的(de)后(hou)代(dai)(dai)以公孫(sun)的(de)稱呼為榮,便相延(yan)世代(dai)(dai)成為姓(xing)。古書《通志(zhi)》說,相傳遠古時黃帝姓(xing)公孫(sun),于是便有這一姓(xing)的(de)廣泛(fan)(fan)流(liu)傳。
公(gong)孫(sun)氏望族(zu)居(ju)高陽(yang)(yang)郡(今山東臨淄(zi))、扶風郡(今陜西(xi)咸陽(yang)(yang))。今山東、云南兩省還(huan)有公(gong)孫(sun)氏族(zu)人分布(bu)。
扶(fu)風(feng)(feng)郡(jun)(jun):周(zhou)朝(chao)時(shi)期置(zhi)郡(jun)(jun),其(qi)時(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)興平(ping)縣(xian)、咸(xian)陽(yang)市一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地區。漢朝(chao)武(wu)帝太初元(yuan)年(丁丑,公元(yuan)前104年)置(zhi)右(you)扶(fu)風(feng)(feng),與京兆、左馮翊合為三輔,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)興平(ping)市,其(qi)時(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長安縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)、鳳翔縣(xian)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。三國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期曹魏國(guo)(guo)改名(ming)為扶(fu)風(feng)(feng)郡(jun)(jun),治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)隗里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)興平(ping)),其(qi)時(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)麟(lin)游縣(xian)、干(gan)縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi),秦嶺以(yi)(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)、山東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)原縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地區。五代時(shi)期后漢將其(qi)轄(xia)地定在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)咸(xian)陽(yang)市一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地區。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)朝(chao)時(shi)期移治(zhi)到(dao)池(chi)陽(yang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)涇陽(yang)),南北(bei)(bei)朝(chao)時(shi)期的北(bei)(bei)魏移治(zhi)所到(dao)好疇(chou)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)乾縣(xian))。隋(sui)、唐兩朝(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)岐州一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)為扶(fu)風(feng)(feng)郡(jun)(jun)。
高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽郡(jun):歷史上(shang)的高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽郡(jun)有三(san):①戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽邑,亦稱高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽鄉,在(zai)今(jin)河(he)(he)南杞縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西北部,秦朝(chao)(chao)末期酈(li)食其自稱“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽酒徒(tu)”,其“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽”即(ji)指該地區。②東(dong)漢桓(huan)帝時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(公元(yuan)147~167年(nian))又置高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽郡(jun),治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(今(jin)河(he)(he)北高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽),其時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄地在(zai)今(jin)河(he)(he)北省高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一帶(dai)。晉(jin)朝(chao)(chao)泰始初期(乙(yi)酉,公元(yuan)265年(nian))置高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽國,治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)博(bo)陸(今(jin)河(he)(he)北蠡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)),時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄四縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),轄境包括今(jin)保(bao)定、清苑、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽、博(bo)野、蠡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地。③北魏時(shi)(shi)(shi)期另置青州高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽郡(jun),轄地在(zai)今(jin)山東(dong)省淄(zi)(zi)博(bo)市臨淄(zi)(zi)區西北部一帶(dai),隋朝(chao)(chao)開皇初年(nian)(辛丑(chou),公元(yuan)581年(nian))被(bei)廢(fei)黜(chu)。公孫氏望族的高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽郡(jun),是指③之所(suo)(suo)處。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂:以望立堂。
白馬(ma)堂(tang):東漢(han)末期公孫瓚被封為(wei)討虜將軍,屢次(ci)打敗胡(hu)虜,除遼東屬國長史(shi)。常乘(cheng)白馬(ma),烏桓怕他,互(hu)相告語:“我們要避開白馬(ma)長史(shi)。”
忠義堂:春(chun)秋時公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)和程(cheng)嬰都是趙(zhao)朔(shuo)的(de)門(men)客。趙(zhao)朔(shuo)為屠(tu)岸(an)(an)賈所殺,朔(shuo)妻遺腹生(sheng)一(yi)子(zi)。杵臼(jiu)和程(cheng)嬰設(she)計保存趙(zhao)氏孤(gu)兒(er)(er):杵臼(jiu)把自(zi)己的(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)藏在山中(zhong),派程(cheng)嬰向屠(tu)岸(an)(an)賈回報(bao)說是趙(zhao)氏孤(gu)兒(er)(er)。屠(tu)岸(an)(an)賈就把公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)的(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)當成(cheng)趙(zhao)氏孤(gu)兒(er)(er)和公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)一(yi)起殺了(le)。程(cheng)嬰保護著(zhu)趙(zhao)氏孤(gu)兒(er)(er)長大成(cheng)人(ren),終于(yu)報(bao)了(le)趙(zhao)朔(shuo)被殺之(zhi)仇。人(ren)稱公孫(sun)杵臼(jiu)舍掉自(zi)己的(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)和自(zi)己的(de)命存主人(ren)之(zhi)孤(gu),既忠且義。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上聯典(dian)指(zhi)隋朝時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)阜城人公(gong)孫(sun)景茂,字元(yuan)蔚(yu),博覽經(jing)史(shi),在西魏時任(ren)太常博士(shi),對經(jing)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu)多有(you)改動,當時人稱(cheng)為“書庫”。隋開(kai)皇(huang)初年官汝南太守,后歷(li)任(ren)息州刺史(shi)、道州刺史(shi)、淄州刺史(shi),所(suo)到(dao)之(zhi)處,常用自己的(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)俸幫助病(bing)人、窮人。下(xia)聯典(dian)指(zhi)晉朝時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)上谷(gu)人公(gong)孫(sun)鳳,字上鸞,隱(yin)居在昌黎(li)的(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)城山谷(gu),冬(dong)穿單衣(yi),夏吃餿食(shi),彈(dan)琴吟詠,悠然自得。朝廷屢次(ci)征(zheng)召,不為所(suo)動。“弓旌”,為古代征(zheng)聘(pin)士(shi)大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)禮(li)。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上(shang)聯典(dian)指(zhi)春(chun)秋(qiu)時期的晉(jin)國(guo)公(gong)孫(sun)杵臼。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)春(chun)秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國(guo)時期的齊國(guo)公(gong)孫(sun)丑。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上聯(lian)典指(zhi)漢(han)朝時(shi)期的薛人公孫弘(hong),字季,小時(shi)候家里貧窮,四十(shi)多歲始學《春秋·雜說》,漢(han)武帝(di)兩次征召為博士,后(hou)任丞相,封平津侯,生活儉樸,經常吃糙(cao)米,人們都(dou)佩(pei)服他的勤儉。下聯(lian)典指(zhi)唐朝時(shi)期的教坊舞(wu)(wu)伎公孫大(da)娘,善(shan)舞(wu)(wu)劍器(qi),名冠一時(shi)。杜(du)甫曾有(you)(you)《觀公孫大(da)娘弟(di)子舞(wu)(wu)劍器(qi)行》詩。書法家懷素曾見她(ta)舞(wu)(wu)西河劍器(qi),遂凈其舞(wu)(wu)姿(zi)化用于書法,從此(ci)其草(cao)書大(da)有(you)(you)長進,以狂(kuang)草(cao)著名。
脫粟稱平津之儉,舞劍示(shi)懷素之書
上聯典(dian)(dian)指漢朝時期(qi)的薛人公孫弘。下聯典(dian)(dian)指唐(tang)朝時期(qi)的教坊(fang)舞伎公孫大娘(niang)。
孟門(men)受精微之(zhi)學,行人擅(shan)修飾(shi)之(zhi)能
上聯(lian)典指(zhi)戰國(guo)時期的齊國(guo)人公(gong)孫丑(chou),孟子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi),非常傾慕春秋時齊國(guo)大夫管仲(zhong)、晏嬰,曾向孟子(zi)(zi)請教他(ta)們建功(gong)立業(ye)的精細隱微(wei)的問(wen)題。下(xia)聯(lian)典指(zhi)春秋時期的鄭國(guo)大夫公(gong)孫揮,字(zi)子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)(yu),鄭簡公(gong)時任行人(掌管朝覲聘問(wen)的官)。《論(lun)語(yu)·憲問(wen)》中曾說:“鄭國(guo)外交辭令(ling)的創制,裨湛(zhan)起草,世叔(shu)討(tao)論(lun),行人子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)(yu)修飾,東里(li)子(zi)(zi)產潤色(se)。”
孟氏及門,受精微之學(xue);行人子羽,擅(shan)修飾之能
上聯(lian)(lian)典(dian)指戰國(guo)時期(qi)的公孫(sun)丑,孟子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi),曾向孟子(zi)(zi)問(wen)何(he)謂“不動心”和(he)“浩然之(zhi)氣”。又請問(wen)管(guan)仲和(he)晏嬰的功業。下聯(lian)(lian)典(dian)指春秋時期(qi)的公孫(sun)揮,字子(zi)(zi)羽。熟諳(an)諸(zhu)侯政令(ling),且(qie)嫻于辭(ci)令(ling)。仕行人(ren)。《論語》:“行人(ren)子(zi)(zi)羽修飾之(zhi)。”《左傳》論述(shu):“鄭國(guo)將(jiang)有諸(zhu)侯(外交)之(zhi)事,子(zi)(zi)產乃問(wen)四國(guo)之(zhi)事于子(zi)(zi)羽。”
黃(huang)(huang)帝(di):姓公(gong)孫(一說為姬姓),名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅,號軒(xuan)(xuan)轅氏、有熊氏和歸(gui)藏氏,被尊奉為“中華(hua)始祖(zu)(zu)”。據《史記·五(wu)帝(di)本記》記載:“黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)者,少典之(zhi)子,姓公(gong)孫,名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅。……黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)居軒(xuan)(xuan)轅之(zhi)丘(qiu)”。華(hua)夏族的締造者,五(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)首,有些說法被列為三皇之(zhi)一,是公(gong)認的中華(hua)民族的祖(zu)(zu)先。
公孫僑(qiao):復姓公孫,名僑(qiao),字(zi)子產,又(you)字(zi)子美,鄭(zheng)稱公孫。春秋時(shi)期(qi)鄭(zheng)國(guo)的政(zheng)治家(jia)(jia)和思想家(jia)(jia)。子產具有人(ren)(ren)(ren)本主義(yi)的思想,強調人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi),但(dan)也不(bu)(bu)否認(ren)鬼神。提出“天(tian)道(dao)遠,人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)邇(er),非(fei)所(suo)及(ji)也”。在子產看來,人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)先于天(tian)道(dao),天(tian)道(dao)可以存而不(bu)(bu)論,人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)察。被(bei)清朝的王源推許為“春秋第一人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。
公孫(sun)鞅,衛(wei)國(guo)國(guo)君的后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔,姬姓(xing)、公孫(sun)氏,故稱衛(wei)鞅,又稱公孫(sun)鞅,后(hou)(hou)(hou)封于商,后(hou)(hou)(hou)人稱之商鞅。在秦國(guo)執政十(shi)九年,秦國(guo)大(da)治,史稱商鞅變法。戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)期政治家,著名法家代表人物。
公(gong)孫龍(long)(前(qian)320年-前(qian)250年):傳(chuan)說字子(zi)秉,中國戰國時(shi)期(qi)趙國人,曾經(jing)做過平(ping)原君的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門客,名家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表(biao)人物,其主要著(zhu)作為(wei)(wei)《公(gong)孫龍(long)子(zi)》,西漢(han)時(shi)共(gong)有14篇,唐代時(shi)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三卷(juan),北(bei)宋時(shi)遺失了(le)8篇,到如今只殘留(liu)6篇,共(gong)一(yi)卷(juan)。其中最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩篇是《白馬論》和《堅(jian)白論》,提出了(le)“白馬非馬”和“離(li)堅(jian)白”等論點,是“離(li)堅(jian)白”學派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要代表(biao)。是著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詭辯(bian)學代表(biao)著(zhu)作,提出了(le)邏(luo)輯學中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“個別(bie)”和“一(yi)般”之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互關系,但把它們之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)夸大,割(ge)斷二者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系,是一(yi)種形而上學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想體系。
公孫(sun)(sun)述(shu):西漢(han)(han)末年,天下(xia)紛擾,群(qun)雄(xiong)競起,公孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)遂自稱輔漢(han)(han)將軍(jun)兼(jian)領益州(zhou)牧。建武元年(25年),公孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)稱帝于(yu)蜀,國號成(cheng)家(一(yi)作大(da)成(cheng)或(huo)成(cheng)),年號龍(long)興。建武十一(yi)年(35年),漢(han)(han)廷(ting)乃派兵征討,被公孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)所拒。次年,復命大(da)司馬吳漢(han)(han)舉兵來伐,攻破成(cheng)都,縱(zong)兵大(da)掠,盡誅公孫(sun)(sun)氏,“成(cheng)家”為東漢(han)(han)所亡。計公孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)割(ge)據(ju)益州(zhou)稱帝,共在位(wei)十二年。
公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度(150-204年(nian)):字升(sheng)濟,遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)襄平(遼(liao)(liao)陽)人。有二子(zi),公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)康(kang)(kang),康(kang)(kang)弟公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)恭,康(kang)(kang)子(zi)公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)晃(huang)、公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)淵。少隨父遷居玄(xuan)菟郡。初為玄(xuan)菟小吏,繼升(sheng)尚書郎、冀州刺史(shi),后被免(mian)官。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)中(zhong)平六年(nian)(189年(nian)),經同鄉徐榮推薦,被董卓(zhuo)任(ren)命為遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)太守。公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度到任(ren)后,厲行嚴刑峻法,打(da)擊豪(hao)強(qiang)勢力,使令行政通,羽(yu)翼(yi)漸豐。漢(han)(han)獻(xian)帝(di)初平元(yuan)年(nian)(190年(nian)),中(zhong)原地(di)區董卓(zhuo)亂起,各(ge)地(di)軍閥無暇(xia)東(dong)(dong)顧。公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度趁(chen)機自立為遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)侯、平州牧(mu)。繼則東(dong)(dong)伐高句麗,西擊烏桓,向南取遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)半島,開疆擴土;又招(zhao)(zhao)賢納士,設館開學,廣招(zhao)(zhao)流民,威行海外,儼然(ran)以遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)王自居。由于公孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度的(de)(de)(de)銳意進取和苦心(xin)經營,使遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)地(di)區在漢(han)(han)末(mo)三國的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)亂年(nian)代,獲(huo)得了暫(zan)時的(de)(de)(de)安寧,推動(dong)了當地(di)生(sheng)產技術(shu)和封建(jian)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。
公(gong)孫(sun)淵(yuan):字文(wen)懿(yi)。魏大司(si)馬(ma),封(feng)樂(le)浪(lang)公(gong)。公(gong)孫(sun)度之孫(sun)。后(hou)自稱(cheng)燕(yan)王(wang)。為司(si)馬(ma)懿(yi)所破。
公孫(sun)瓚(?-199):字(zi)伯珪,漢族,遼西(xi)令支(今河(he)北遷安(an))人(ren)。東漢末年(nian)獻帝年(nian)間占(zhan)據(ju)幽(you)州一帶的軍閥,漢末群雄之一。后(hou)為袁紹所(suo)破。其子公孫(sun)續,被公孫(sun)瓚派往黑山求張燕來救已遲。后(hou)為屠各(休(xiu)屠各的省稱,也稱休(xiu)屠)所(suo)殺。