公孫(sun)姓(xing):漢(han)族復姓(xing)之(zhi)一。據(ju)傳,源于5000多年前(qian)的(de)華夏時代,是(shi)中國(guo)最古(gu)老的(de)姓(xing)氏之(zhi)一。在(zai)《百(bai)家姓(xing)》中排(pai)名第428位(wei)。在(zai)2007年全國(guo)姓(xing)氏人(ren)口排(pai)名第300位(wei)以外。
春秋時期,各國(guo)諸侯不(bu)論爵位大小,多喜歡稱公。按照周朝(chao)制度,國(guo)君一般由(you)嫡長子(zi)(zi)繼位,即(ji)位前稱為太(tai)子(zi)(zi),其(qi)他的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)便(bian)稱為公子(zi)(zi),公子(zi)(zi)的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)則(ze)稱公孫。他們的(de)后代便(bian)有不(bu)少人(ren)便(bian)以公孫為姓。
《通(tong)志》載:"公孫(sun)氏(shi),春秋時諸侯(hou)之孫(sun),亦以(yi)為氏(shi)者,曰公孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴族之稱。或跟黃(huang)帝姓(xing)公孫(sun),因以(yi)為氏(shi)。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓,源出有(you)二:
源于身份(fen),出自兩周(zhou)時期各(ge)諸(zhu)侯(hou)國王族(zu)的(de)(de)后裔,屬于以(yi)貴胄身份(fen)稱(cheng)謂(wei)(wei)為氏。春秋時期,各(ge)國諸(zhu)侯(hou)不論(lun)爵位大小,多有被稱(cheng)為“公(gong)”者。按周(zhou)王朝的(de)(de)典(dian)禮制度,國君一般由(you)嫡長子(zi)繼(ji)位,即位前稱(cheng)為太子(zi),其他(ta)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)便稱(cheng)為公(gong)子(zi),公(gong)子(zi)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)則稱(cheng)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。在這(zhe)些公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)后裔子(zi)孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong),有許多人便以(yi)身份(fen)稱(cheng)謂(wei)(wei)“公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為姓氏者,稱(cheng)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏,因此(ci),公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)并非一族(zu)一姓的(de)(de)后人。
出自姬姓,黃帝姬軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔有(you)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)。最初(chu)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)是在上古時期。據《路(lu)史(shi)》載:“神農同(tong)母弟勖,嗣少典國(guo)君,世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸侯(hou),后以公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓。軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)帝初(chu)名公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),后改姬。”所有(you)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)后代里,有(you)部分姓公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)。在春(chun)秋時,各國(guo)各地的(de)(de)(de)(de)諸侯(hou),大多喜歡被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)”。以當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)制度(du),國(guo)君將由國(guo)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)嫡(di)系長(chang)子(zi)(zi)繼承。正(zheng)式登基前(qian),應先立為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi),此時其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)將稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),同(tong)時諸侯(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)也是公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),而(er)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)就是公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)后代為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突出祖(zu)(zu)出祖(zu)(zu)先曾有(you)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)皇室血統,就改姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。這樣,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)姓氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)榮譽(yu)而(er)流傳甚廣。此時它的(de)(de)(de)(de)姓氏(shi)(shi)來源(yuan)就五花八(ba)門,不一而(er)足了。故(gu)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)始祖(zu)(zu)是黃帝軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)。
這在史籍(ji)《廣韻》中有(you)記載:“古封公(gong)之(zhi)后,皆自稱公(gong)孫,故其姓多,非一(yi)族也。”又據史籍(ji)《通志》記載:“公(gong)孫氏(shi),春秋時諸侯之(zhi)孫,亦以為氏(shi)者,曰公(gong)孫氏(shi),皆貴(gui)族之(zhi)稱。或(huo)眼黃帝姓公(gong)孫,因以為氏(shi)。”
存(cun)疑:黃帝姬(ji)姓,不可能姓公孫
黃(huang)帝(di)姓公孫的說法(fa)主要(yao)來源于(yu)《史記·五帝(di)本(ben)紀》,而早于(yu)《史記》的《國語·晉(jin)語》卻記載(zai):“黃(huang)帝(di)以姬(ji)水(今陜甘(gan)的渭(wei)、湟之(zhi)間)成,炎帝(di)以姜水(經岐山、扶風(feng)、武功(gong)入渭(wei)之(zhi)岐水)成,故黃(huang)帝(di)為姬(ji),炎帝(di)為姜。“
《史記(ji)》記(ji)載(zai):“黃帝(di)二十(shi)五子,其得(de)姓者十(shi)四人。”
《國語·晉語》謂十四人(ren)實有(you)十二姓(xing),即姬(ji)、酉、祁、己、滕、葴、任(ren)、荀、僖、姞、儇(xuan)、衣。其(qi)中青陽(yang)與(yu)(yu)夷鼓同(tong)為(wei)己姓(xing),玄囂(xiao)與(yu)(yu)蒼林(lin)同(tong)為(wei)姬(ji)姓(xing)。十四個兒(er)子中并無姓(xing)公(gong)孫者(zhe)。兒(er)子中沒有(you)姓(xing)公(gong)孫的,那么孫子中會有(you)么?
清崔(cui)述《補上古考信錄》指出(chu):“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)是公(gong)(gong)之孫(sun),上古時無此(公(gong)(gong)孫(sun))稱。”
黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)是少典的兒子(zi),姓公(gong)孫(sun),名軒轅。傳(chuan)說(shuo)是神農的同父異母弟:“嗣少典國君,世為諸侯”,在他(ta)的后代(dai)中,就有(you)人以公(gong)孫(sun)為姓。黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)軒轅氏曾姓過“公(gong)孫(sun)”,后來(lai)改成姬姓,所有(you)他(ta)的后代(dai)里,有(you)部分姓公(gong)孫(sun),另有(you)部分姓姬,再有(you)少數以軒轅為姓。
漢魏時(shi)期遼(liao)東公孫(sun)氏世家:
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第(di)三代(dai):公孫(sun)康、公孫(sun)恭
第四代:公(gong)孫晃、公(gong)孫淵
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)是一(yi)個古(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)漢族姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi),但人(ren)(ren)口總數(shu)在中國的(de)(de)大陸和(he)臺灣省均(jun)未(wei)列入百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)三百位,在宋版《百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中排(pai)序為(wei)(wei)第四百二十九位門閥(fa)。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)一(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)源遠流(liu)長(chang),據(ju)《路史》上(shang)記(ji)載(zai)(zai),軒(xuan)轅(yuan)氏(shi)初姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),后(hou)改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬。由(you)此看(kan)來,“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”一(yi)詞,自(zi)古(gu)以來本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)意義便十分(fen)尊榮(rong)也就不足為(wei)(wei)奇了(le)。從《廣韻》上(shang)記(ji)載(zai)(zai):“封公(gong)(gong)之后(hou),自(zi)皆稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。”可知,春秋時(shi)期列國諸(zhu)侯(hou)的(de)(de)子孫(sun),被尊稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。從《通志·氏(shi)族略》記(ji)載(zai)(zai)“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴(gui)者之稱(cheng)(cheng)。”可見(jian),后(hou)來“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”的(de)(de)意義延伸了(le),一(yi)般人(ren)(ren)也尊稱(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)胄的(de)(de)子弟為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。如如今(jin)的(de)(de)對人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)“公(gong)(gong)子”稱(cheng)(cheng)謂。據(ju)說春秋時(shi)代出(chu)身(shen)于諸(zhu)侯(hou)之家的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),干脆以“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),也稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)了(le)。由(you)此可見(jian),公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)中國人(ren)(ren)中,并不完全是一(yi)脈相承自(zi)黃帝,其中有一(yi)部分(fen)是春秋貴(gui)族的(de)(de)后(hou)裔(yi)。
公孫(sun)(sun)姓(xing)在大陸(lu)和臺灣百家姓(xing)中名列一百位之后(hou)(hou)。在古(gu)代(dai)(dai),孫(sun)(sun)字可(ke)泛(fan)(fan)指后(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)人(ren),而公孫(sun)(sun)兩字,也(ye)可(ke)用來泛(fan)(fan)指王公貴族的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)。有(you)些王公貴族的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)以公孫(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)稱呼為(wei)榮(rong),便(bian)相延(yan)世代(dai)(dai)成為(wei)姓(xing)。古(gu)書《通志》說,相傳遠古(gu)時黃帝姓(xing)公孫(sun)(sun),于是便(bian)有(you)這(zhe)一姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)(fan)流傳。
公(gong)孫氏(shi)望族(zu)居高(gao)陽郡(今(jin)山東臨淄)、扶風郡(今(jin)陜西咸陽)。今(jin)山東、云(yun)南兩省還有公(gong)孫氏(shi)族(zu)人(ren)分(fen)布(bu)。
扶(fu)風郡:周朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)期置郡,其(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、咸(xian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地區。漢朝武帝(di)太初元(yuan)年(丁(ding)丑,公元(yuan)前104年)置右(you)扶(fu)風,與京(jing)兆、左馮翊合為三輔,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平(ping)市,其(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)長安縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)、鳳翔縣(xian)(xian)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)。三國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期曹(cao)魏國改名為扶(fu)風郡,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)隗里(li)(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)興(xing)平(ping)),其(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)麟(lin)游縣(xian)(xian)、干縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi),秦嶺以(yi)(yi)北(bei)、山(shan)東省(sheng)平(ping)原縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)南一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地區。五代時(shi)(shi)(shi)期后漢將其(qi)轄(xia)地定(ding)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)咸(xian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地區。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)期移(yi)治(zhi)到池陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)涇陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)),南北(bei)朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)期的北(bei)魏移(yi)治(zhi)所到好(hao)疇(今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)乾縣(xian)(xian))。隋、唐兩朝以(yi)(yi)今(jin)(jin)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)岐州一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)為扶(fu)風郡。
高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun):歷史上(shang)的高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)有三:①戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)為高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)邑(yi),亦稱高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)鄉,在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)河南杞縣(xian)西(xi)北部,秦朝末期(qi)(qi)酈食其自稱“高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酒徒”,其“高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”即指(zhi)該地區(qu)。②東漢桓帝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(公(gong)(gong)元147~167年(nian))又置高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun),治所在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)河北高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)),其時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)河北省高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)一帶。晉朝泰始初期(qi)(qi)(乙(yi)酉(you),公(gong)(gong)元265年(nian))置高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)國,治所在(zai)(zai)(zai)博陸(今(jin)河北蠡縣(xian)),時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)四(si)縣(xian),轄(xia)境包括今(jin)保定、清苑、高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、博野、蠡縣(xian)等縣(xian)地。③北魏時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)另置青州高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun),轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)山東省淄博市臨淄區(qu)西(xi)北部一帶,隋(sui)朝開皇初年(nian)(辛丑(chou),公(gong)(gong)元581年(nian))被廢黜。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏望族的高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun),是指(zhi)③之所處。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂:以望立堂。
白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)(ma)堂:東(dong)漢末(mo)期公孫瓚被(bei)封(feng)為討虜將軍,屢次打敗胡虜,除遼東(dong)屬國長史。常乘白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)(ma),烏(wu)桓怕他(ta),互相告語:“我們(men)要避開白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)(ma)長史。”
忠義(yi)堂:春秋(qiu)時公孫(sun)(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)都是(shi)(shi)趙朔的(de)門客。趙朔為屠(tu)岸賈(jia)所殺(sha),朔妻遺腹生一子。杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)設(she)計保存(cun)(cun)趙氏(shi)(shi)孤兒(er):杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)把(ba)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)兒(er)子藏(zang)在山中(zhong),派(pai)程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)向屠(tu)岸賈(jia)回(hui)報說是(shi)(shi)趙氏(shi)(shi)孤兒(er)。屠(tu)岸賈(jia)就把(ba)公孫(sun)(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)的(de)兒(er)子當(dang)成(cheng)趙氏(shi)(shi)孤兒(er)和(he)(he)(he)公孫(sun)(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)一起(qi)殺(sha)了。程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)保護著趙氏(shi)(shi)孤兒(er)長大成(cheng)人,終(zhong)于報了趙朔被殺(sha)之(zhi)仇。人稱公孫(sun)(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)舍掉自(zi)己(ji)的(de)兒(er)子和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)命(ming)存(cun)(cun)主人之(zhi)孤,既忠且(qie)義(yi)。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上(shang)聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)隋朝時期的阜(fu)城(cheng)人(ren)(ren)公孫景茂(mao),字元蔚,博(bo)覽經(jing)史(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)西魏(wei)時任太常(chang)(chang)博(bo)士,對經(jing)史(shi)(shi)(shi)的錯誤多有改動,當時人(ren)(ren)稱為“書庫”。隋開皇初(chu)年官汝南太守,后歷任息州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)、道州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)、淄(zi)州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi),所到之處,常(chang)(chang)用自己(ji)的薪俸幫助病人(ren)(ren)、窮人(ren)(ren)。下(xia)聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)晉朝時期的上(shang)谷人(ren)(ren)公孫鳳,字上(shang)鸞(luan),隱(yin)居在(zai)昌黎的九城(cheng)山(shan)谷,冬穿單衣,夏(xia)吃餿(sou)食,彈(dan)琴(qin)吟詠,悠然自得。朝廷屢次征召,不為所動。“弓(gong)旌(jing)”,為古代征聘士大夫之禮。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上(shang)聯典指春(chun)秋時期的(de)晉(jin)國(guo)公孫(sun)杵臼。下(xia)聯典指春(chun)秋戰(zhan)國(guo)時期的(de)齊國(guo)公孫(sun)丑。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上(shang)聯(lian)典(dian)指漢朝時期(qi)的(de)薛(xue)人公孫弘,字季,小時候家里(li)貧窮,四十(shi)多(duo)歲始學《春(chun)秋(qiu)·雜說》,漢武帝兩次征召為博士,后任丞(cheng)相,封(feng)平津侯(hou),生活儉樸,經常吃糙米,人們都佩服(fu)他的(de)勤儉。下聯(lian)典(dian)指唐朝時期(qi)的(de)教坊(fang)舞伎公孫大(da)娘,善(shan)舞劍器(qi)(qi),名冠(guan)一時。杜甫曾(ceng)有《觀公孫大(da)娘弟子舞劍器(qi)(qi)行》詩(shi)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)法家懷素曾(ceng)見她舞西河劍器(qi)(qi),遂凈其舞姿化用于書(shu)(shu)(shu)法,從(cong)此(ci)其草書(shu)(shu)(shu)大(da)有長(chang)進,以狂草著名。
脫粟(su)稱平津之(zhi)儉,舞劍(jian)示懷素之(zhi)書(shu)
上聯(lian)典指漢朝時期的薛人公孫弘。下(xia)聯(lian)典指唐(tang)朝時期的教坊(fang)舞(wu)伎公孫大(da)娘。
孟門受精微之學,行(xing)人(ren)擅修飾之能(neng)
上聯(lian)典指戰(zhan)國(guo)時期的(de)齊國(guo)人公孫(sun)丑,孟(meng)子(zi)弟子(zi),非常傾慕(mu)春秋時齊國(guo)大(da)夫(fu)管仲、晏(yan)嬰,曾向孟(meng)子(zi)請教他們建(jian)功(gong)立業的(de)精細(xi)隱(yin)微的(de)問題。下聯(lian)典指春秋時期的(de)鄭(zheng)國(guo)大(da)夫(fu)公孫(sun)揮,字子(zi)羽,鄭(zheng)簡(jian)公時任行(xing)人(掌管朝覲(jin)聘(pin)問的(de)官)。《論語·憲問》中(zhong)曾說:“鄭(zheng)國(guo)外交辭令的(de)創制,裨(bi)湛起草,世叔(shu)討論,行(xing)人子(zi)羽修(xiu)飾,東里(li)子(zi)產潤色。”
孟氏及門(men),受精微之學;行人(ren)子羽(yu),擅修飾之能(neng)
上聯典指戰國時(shi)期的(de)公孫(sun)丑(chou),孟子(zi)弟子(zi),曾向孟子(zi)問(wen)何謂“不動心”和“浩然之氣”。又請問(wen)管仲和晏(yan)嬰的(de)功(gong)業。下聯典指春秋時(shi)期的(de)公孫(sun)揮,字子(zi)羽(yu)。熟諳諸侯政令,且嫻于辭令。仕行人(ren)。《論語》:“行人(ren)子(zi)羽(yu)修飾(shi)之。”《左(zuo)傳》論述:“鄭國將(jiang)有諸侯(外交)之事(shi),子(zi)產乃問(wen)四國之事(shi)于子(zi)羽(yu)。”
黃帝:姓公孫(一(yi)說為姬(ji)姓),名軒轅,號軒轅氏、有熊(xiong)氏和歸藏(zang)氏,被尊奉為“中華(hua)始祖(zu)”。據《史(shi)記(ji)·五(wu)帝本記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃帝者,少(shao)典之子(zi),姓公孫,名軒轅。……黃帝居軒轅之丘”。華(hua)夏(xia)族的(de)締造者,五(wu)帝之首(shou),有些說法被列(lie)為三皇(huang)之一(yi),是公認的(de)中華(hua)民(min)族的(de)祖(zu)先。
公孫(sun)僑:復姓公孫(sun),名(ming)僑,字(zi)子(zi)產,又字(zi)子(zi)美,鄭(zheng)稱公孫(sun)。春秋(qiu)時期鄭(zheng)國(guo)的政(zheng)治家和思(si)想家。子(zi)產具(ju)有人(ren)本主義(yi)的思(si)想,強調人(ren)事,但(dan)也(ye)不(bu)否(fou)認(ren)鬼神。提出“天道(dao)(dao)(dao)遠(yuan),人(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)邇(er),非所及也(ye)”。在子(zi)產看(kan)來(lai),人(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)先于天道(dao)(dao)(dao),天道(dao)(dao)(dao)可以存而不(bu)論(lun),人(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)則不(bu)能不(bu)察。被清朝(chao)的王源推(tui)許為(wei)“春秋(qiu)第一人(ren)”。
公孫鞅(yang),衛國國君(jun)的后裔(yi),姬姓、公孫氏,故稱(cheng)衛鞅(yang),又稱(cheng)公孫鞅(yang),后封于商,后人稱(cheng)之商鞅(yang)。在秦(qin)國執政十九(jiu)年(nian),秦(qin)國大治,史(shi)稱(cheng)商鞅(yang)變法。戰(zhan)國時期(qi)政治家,著名法家代表人物。
公孫龍(long)(前(qian)320年(nian)-前(qian)250年(nian)):傳說字子秉,中(zhong)國戰國時期趙國人(ren),曾經做過平原君(jun)的門客,名家的代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)物(wu),其主要著作(zuo)為《公孫龍(long)子》,西漢時共有(you)14篇(pian),唐代(dai)時分為三卷,北宋時遺(yi)失(shi)了(le)(le)8篇(pian),到如今只殘(can)留6篇(pian),共一卷。其中(zhong)最(zui)重(zhong)要的兩篇(pian)是(shi)《白馬(ma)(ma)論》和(he)(he)《堅(jian)白論》,提(ti)出了(le)(le)“白馬(ma)(ma)非馬(ma)(ma)”和(he)(he)“離(li)堅(jian)白”等論點,是(shi)“離(li)堅(jian)白”學(xue)派的主要代(dai)表(biao)。是(shi)著名的詭辯學(xue)代(dai)表(biao)著作(zuo),提(ti)出了(le)(le)邏輯學(xue)中(zhong)的“個別”和(he)(he)“一般”之(zhi)間的相互(hu)關系(xi),但(dan)把它(ta)們之(zhi)間的區別夸大,割斷二者的聯系(xi),是(shi)一種形而上學(xue)的思(si)想(xiang)體系(xi)。
公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述:西漢(han)(han)末年(nian),天下紛擾,群雄競起,公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述遂自稱(cheng)(cheng)輔(fu)漢(han)(han)將軍兼領(ling)益州(zhou)牧。建武元年(nian)(25年(nian)),公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述稱(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)(di)于蜀(shu),國號成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)(一作大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)),年(nian)號龍興。建武十一年(nian)(35年(nian)),漢(han)(han)廷乃派兵征討(tao),被公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述所拒。次年(nian),復命大司馬吳漢(han)(han)舉兵來伐,攻破成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都,縱兵大掠,盡(jin)誅公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏,“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)”為東漢(han)(han)所亡。計(ji)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述割據益州(zhou)稱(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)(di),共在位十二年(nian)。
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)度(du)(du)(150-204年(nian)):字升濟,遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)襄平(ping)(遼陽)人。有二子,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)康,康弟公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)恭,康子公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)晃(huang)、公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)淵(yuan)。少隨父遷居(ju)玄(xuan)菟郡。初為(wei)玄(xuan)菟小吏(li),繼(ji)升尚書郎、冀州(zhou)刺史,后(hou)被免官(guan)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢中(zhong)平(ping)六年(nian)(189年(nian)),經(jing)同鄉徐榮推薦,被董(dong)卓任(ren)命為(wei)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)太守。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)度(du)(du)到任(ren)后(hou),厲行嚴刑(xing)峻法,打(da)擊豪(hao)強勢力,使(shi)令行政(zheng)通(tong),羽翼漸豐(feng)。漢獻帝(di)初平(ping)元年(nian)(190年(nian)),中(zhong)原地(di)區(qu)董(dong)卓亂(luan)起(qi),各地(di)軍(jun)閥無(wu)暇東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)顧。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)度(du)(du)趁(chen)機自立為(wei)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)侯、平(ping)州(zhou)牧。繼(ji)則東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)伐高(gao)句麗,西擊烏(wu)桓,向南取(qu)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)半島(dao),開(kai)(kai)疆擴土;又招賢納士,設館(guan)開(kai)(kai)學,廣招流(liu)民,威行海外,儼然以遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)王自居(ju)。由于(yu)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)銳意進取(qu)和(he)苦心經(jing)營,使(shi)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)區(qu)在漢末三國(guo)的(de)(de)戰亂(luan)年(nian)代,獲得了暫時的(de)(de)安(an)寧,推動了當地(di)生(sheng)產(chan)技術和(he)封(feng)建文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)發展。
公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)淵(yuan):字文懿(yi)。魏大司(si)馬,封樂浪公(gong)。公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度之(zhi)孫(sun)(sun)。后自稱燕王。為司(si)馬懿(yi)所破(po)。
公(gong)孫瓚(?-199):字伯珪(gui),漢(han)(han)族(zu),遼西令支(今(jin)河北遷安(an))人。東漢(han)(han)末年(nian)獻(xian)帝年(nian)間占據幽州一(yi)帶的(de)軍閥,漢(han)(han)末群(qun)雄之(zhi)一(yi)。后(hou)為袁紹所破。其子公(gong)孫續,被(bei)公(gong)孫瓚派往(wang)黑(hei)山(shan)求張燕來救(jiu)已遲。后(hou)為屠(tu)(tu)各(休屠(tu)(tu)各的(de)省(sheng)稱,也稱休屠(tu)(tu))所殺(sha)。