公孫姓:漢族復姓之一(yi)。據傳,源(yuan)于5000多年(nian)前的華夏時代,是中國(guo)最古老的姓氏之一(yi)。在《百家姓》中排(pai)名第428位。在2007年(nian)全國(guo)姓氏人(ren)口排(pai)名第300位以外。
春秋(qiu)時期,各國(guo)諸(zhu)侯不論(lun)爵位(wei)(wei)(wei)大小,多喜歡稱(cheng)公。按照(zhao)周朝制度,國(guo)君一(yi)般由嫡長子(zi)(zi)繼(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei),即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)前稱(cheng)為(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi),其他(ta)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)便(bian)稱(cheng)為(wei)公子(zi)(zi),公子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)則(ze)稱(cheng)公孫。他(ta)們的(de)(de)后代便(bian)有不少(shao)人便(bian)以公孫為(wei)姓。
《通志(zhi)》載:"公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)(shi),春秋時(shi)諸侯之孫(sun),亦以為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)者,曰(yue)公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)(shi),皆(jie)貴族之稱。或跟(gen)黃(huang)帝姓公(gong)孫(sun),因以為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓(xing),源(yuan)出(chu)有二:
源于(yu)身(shen)(shen)份(fen),出自(zi)兩周時期各(ge)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)王族(zu)的(de)后裔(yi),屬(shu)于(yu)以貴胄身(shen)(shen)份(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)為(wei)(wei)氏。春秋(qiu)時期,各(ge)國(guo)(guo)諸(zhu)侯不論爵(jue)位(wei)(wei)大(da)小,多(duo)有被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)”者。按周王朝(chao)的(de)典禮(li)制度,國(guo)(guo)君(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般由嫡(di)長子(zi)繼位(wei)(wei),即位(wei)(wei)前(qian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)太子(zi),其他的(de)兒子(zi)便稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)兒子(zi)則(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫。在這些(xie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫的(de)后裔(yi)子(zi)孫中,有許(xu)多(duo)人便以身(shen)(shen)份(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫”為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)氏者,稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫氏,因此,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫并非一(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)的(de)后人。
出(chu)(chu)自(zi)姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing),黃帝(di)姬(ji)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅的(de)(de)后(hou)裔有公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)。最初出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)是(shi)在(zai)上古時(shi)期(qi)。據《路史(shi)》載(zai):“神農同母弟勖,嗣少典國君(jun),世為(wei)諸侯(hou),后(hou)以(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。軒(xuan)(xuan)轅帝(di)初名公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),后(hou)改(gai)(gai)姬(ji)。”所有他的(de)(de)后(hou)代里,有部(bu)分姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),稱(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)。在(zai)春秋時(shi),各(ge)國各(ge)地(di)的(de)(de)諸侯(hou),大多喜(xi)歡(huan)被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)”。以(yi)當時(shi)的(de)(de)制度,國君(jun)將(jiang)由國君(jun)的(de)(de)嫡系長(chang)子繼承(cheng)。正式登基前,應(ying)先(xian)立為(wei)太子,此時(shi)其(qi)他的(de)(de)兒子將(jiang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子,同時(shi)諸侯(hou)的(de)(de)兒子也(ye)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子,而(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子的(de)(de)兒子就是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。這(zhe)些公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)們(men)的(de)(de)后(hou)代為(wei)突出(chu)(chu)祖(zu)出(chu)(chu)祖(zu)先(xian)曾有過的(de)(de)皇室血統,就改(gai)(gai)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。這(zhe)樣,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)作為(wei)一種姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)榮譽而(er)流傳甚廣。此時(shi)它的(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)來源就五花八門,不一而(er)足了(le)。故公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)始祖(zu)是(shi)黃帝(di)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅。
這在史(shi)籍《廣韻》中有(you)記載:“古封公(gong)之后(hou),皆自稱公(gong)孫(sun),故其姓多,非一族也。”又據史(shi)籍《通志》記載:“公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),春秋時諸侯之孫(sun),亦以(yi)(yi)為(wei)氏(shi)者(zhe),曰公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴族之稱。或(huo)眼(yan)黃帝(di)姓公(gong)孫(sun),因以(yi)(yi)為(wei)氏(shi)。”
存(cun)疑:黃(huang)帝姬姓,不可能姓公孫
黃(huang)帝姓公孫的(de)說法主要來源于(yu)《史(shi)(shi)記·五(wu)帝本(ben)紀》,而早于(yu)《史(shi)(shi)記》的(de)《國語(yu)·晉(jin)語(yu)》卻(que)記載:“黃(huang)帝以姬水(shui)(今陜甘的(de)渭(wei)、湟之間)成,炎帝以姜水(shui)(經岐山、扶(fu)風(feng)、武功入(ru)渭(wei)之岐水(shui))成,故黃(huang)帝為(wei)姬,炎帝為(wei)姜。“
《史記》記載:“黃帝二(er)十五(wu)子,其得姓(xing)者十四人(ren)。”
《國語·晉(jin)語》謂(wei)十(shi)四人實有十(shi)二姓(xing),即姬、酉(you)、祁、己(ji)、滕、葴、任、荀、僖、姞、儇(xuan)、衣(yi)。其中(zhong)青陽與夷鼓同為(wei)己(ji)姓(xing),玄囂與蒼林(lin)同為(wei)姬姓(xing)。十(shi)四個(ge)兒(er)(er)子(zi)中(zhong)并無姓(xing)公孫(sun)(sun)者。兒(er)(er)子(zi)中(zhong)沒有姓(xing)公孫(sun)(sun)的,那(nei)么孫(sun)(sun)子(zi)中(zhong)會有么?
清崔述《補上古(gu)(gu)考信錄(lu)》指(zhi)出:“公(gong)孫(sun)是公(gong)之孫(sun),上古(gu)(gu)時(shi)無此(公(gong)孫(sun))稱。”
黃(huang)帝(di)是(shi)少(shao)典(dian)的(de)兒子,姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫,名軒轅。傳說是(shi)神農的(de)同父異母弟:“嗣少(shao)典(dian)國君,世為諸侯”,在他的(de)后代(dai)中(zhong),就有(you)人以(yi)公(gong)(gong)孫為姓(xing)。黃(huang)帝(di)軒轅氏曾姓(xing)過“公(gong)(gong)孫”,后來改成姬姓(xing),所有(you)他的(de)后代(dai)里,有(you)部分姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫,另有(you)部分姓(xing)姬,再有(you)少(shao)數(shu)以(yi)軒轅為姓(xing)。
漢(han)魏時期遼(liao)東公孫氏世家:
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第(di)三(san)代:公(gong)孫康、公(gong)孫恭
第四代(dai):公(gong)孫晃、公(gong)孫淵
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)是一個(ge)古(gu)老的(de)(de)漢族姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi),但人口總數(shu)在中國的(de)(de)大陸(lu)和臺(tai)灣省(sheng)均未列入百(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前三百(bai)位(wei),在宋版《百(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中排(pai)序為(wei)第四(si)百(bai)二(er)十九位(wei)門閥。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)一姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)源遠流(liu)長(chang),據(ju)《路史(shi)》上(shang)記載,軒轅氏(shi)初姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),后(hou)改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬。由(you)此看來(lai),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”一詞(ci),自古(gu)以(yi)來(lai)本身(shen)的(de)(de)意義(yi)便十分尊(zun)(zun)榮也就(jiu)不(bu)足為(wei)奇了。從《廣韻》上(shang)記載:“封公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou),自皆(jie)稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。”可知(zhi),春(chun)秋時期列國諸(zhu)侯的(de)(de)子(zi)孫(sun)(sun),被尊(zun)(zun)稱(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。從《通志·氏(shi)族略(lve)》記載“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆(jie)貴(gui)(gui)者之(zhi)稱(cheng)。”可見,后(hou)來(lai)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”的(de)(de)意義(yi)延伸了,一般人也尊(zun)(zun)稱(cheng)貴(gui)(gui)胄的(de)(de)子(zi)弟為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。如(ru)如(ru)今(jin)的(de)(de)對人的(de)(de)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)”稱(cheng)謂。據(ju)說春(chun)秋時代出(chu)身(shen)于諸(zhu)侯之(zhi)家(jia)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),干脆(cui)以(yi)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),也稱(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi)了。由(you)此可見,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)中國人中,并不(bu)完全是一脈(mo)相承自黃(huang)帝,其中有一部分是春(chun)秋貴(gui)(gui)族的(de)(de)后(hou)裔(yi)。
公孫姓在大陸和臺灣百家(jia)姓中名列一百位之后(hou)。在古代(dai),孫字(zi)可(ke)泛(fan)指后(hou)代(dai)人,而公孫兩字(zi),也可(ke)用來泛(fan)指王公貴(gui)族的(de)后(hou)代(dai)。有些王公貴(gui)族的(de)后(hou)代(dai)以(yi)公孫的(de)稱呼為(wei)榮,便相延世(shi)代(dai)成為(wei)姓。古書《通志》說,相傳遠古時黃(huang)帝(di)姓公孫,于(yu)是便有這一姓的(de)廣泛(fan)流傳。
公孫氏(shi)望(wang)族(zu)居(ju)高陽(yang)郡(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)臨淄)、扶(fu)風(feng)郡(今(jin)(jin)陜西咸(xian)陽(yang))。今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)、云南兩省還有(you)公孫氏(shi)族(zu)人分布。
扶(fu)風(feng)(feng)郡:周朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)置郡,其(qi)時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地(di)在今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平縣(xian)(xian)、咸陽市(shi)一(yi)(yi)帶地(di)區(qu)(qu)。漢朝(chao)武帝太初(chu)元年(丁(ding)丑,公元前104年)置右扶(fu)風(feng)(feng),與京兆、左(zuo)馮翊合為三(san)輔,治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平市(shi),其(qi)時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地(di)在今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)長(chang)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)、鳳翔縣(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)帶。三(san)國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)曹魏(wei)國(guo)改名為扶(fu)風(feng)(feng)郡,治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在隗(wei)里(今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)興(xing)平),其(qi)時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地(di)在今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)麟游縣(xian)(xian)、干縣(xian)(xian)以西(xi)(xi)(xi),秦嶺以北、山東省(sheng)平原縣(xian)(xian)以南(nan)一(yi)(yi)帶地(di)區(qu)(qu)。五代時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)后(hou)漢將其(qi)轄(xia)地(di)定在今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)一(yi)(yi)帶地(di)區(qu)(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)移治(zhi)到(dao)池陽(今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)涇(jing)陽),南(nan)北朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的北魏(wei)移治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)到(dao)好疇(chou)(今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)乾縣(xian)(xian))。隋、唐兩朝(chao)以今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)岐州一(yi)(yi)帶為扶(fu)風(feng)(feng)郡。
高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡:歷(li)史上的高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡有三:①戰國時期(qi)(qi)為高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)邑(yi),亦稱高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)鄉,在今(jin)(jin)河(he)南杞縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西北(bei)部(bu),秦朝(chao)末期(qi)(qi)酈食其(qi)(qi)自稱“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)酒(jiu)徒”,其(qi)(qi)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”即指該地(di)區。②東(dong)漢桓帝時期(qi)(qi)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)147~167年(nian))又置(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,治所(suo)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)),其(qi)(qi)時轄(xia)地(di)在今(jin)(jin)河(he)北(bei)省高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)一帶。晉朝(chao)泰始初期(qi)(qi)(乙酉,公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)265年(nian))置(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)國,治所(suo)在博(bo)(bo)(bo)陸(今(jin)(jin)河(he)北(bei)蠡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),時轄(xia)四縣(xian)(xian)(xian),轄(xia)境包括(kuo)今(jin)(jin)保(bao)定(ding)、清苑、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、博(bo)(bo)(bo)野、蠡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。③北(bei)魏時期(qi)(qi)另置(zhi)青州高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,轄(xia)地(di)在今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)省淄博(bo)(bo)(bo)市臨(lin)淄區西北(bei)部(bu)一帶,隋朝(chao)開皇初年(nian)(辛(xin)丑,公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)581年(nian))被廢黜(chu)。公(gong)孫(sun)氏望族的高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,是指③之所(suo)處(chu)。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂:以望立堂。
白馬(ma)堂:東漢末期公孫瓚被封為討(tao)虜(lu)將(jiang)軍,屢次打(da)敗胡虜(lu),除遼東屬國(guo)長史(shi)。常乘白馬(ma),烏桓(huan)怕他,互(hu)相告語:“我們要(yao)避開白馬(ma)長史(shi)。”
忠(zhong)義(yi)(yi)堂:春秋時(shi)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)和程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嬰(ying)都是趙(zhao)(zhao)朔(shuo)(shuo)的(de)門(men)客。趙(zhao)(zhao)朔(shuo)(shuo)為屠岸賈所(suo)殺(sha)(sha),朔(shuo)(shuo)妻遺腹(fu)生一子(zi)(zi)。杵(chu)臼(jiu)和程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嬰(ying)設(she)計保存趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er):杵(chu)臼(jiu)把(ba)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)藏在山(shan)中,派(pai)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嬰(ying)向(xiang)屠岸賈回報說(shuo)是趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)。屠岸賈就把(ba)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)的(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)當(dang)成(cheng)(cheng)趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)和公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)一起殺(sha)(sha)了。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嬰(ying)保護著(zhu)趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)長(chang)大成(cheng)(cheng)人,終于報了趙(zhao)(zhao)朔(shuo)(shuo)被(bei)殺(sha)(sha)之仇。人稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)舍掉(diao)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)和自(zi)己(ji)的(de)命(ming)存主(zhu)人之孤,既(ji)忠(zhong)且義(yi)(yi)。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上聯(lian)(lian)典(dian)指隋朝時(shi)期的(de)(de)阜城(cheng)人公孫景茂,字元蔚(yu),博(bo)覽(lan)經(jing)史,在西魏時(shi)任(ren)太常(chang)博(bo)士,對經(jing)史的(de)(de)錯誤(wu)多(duo)有改動(dong),當時(shi)人稱為(wei)“書庫”。隋開皇初(chu)年(nian)官汝南太守,后歷任(ren)息(xi)州(zhou)刺(ci)史、道州(zhou)刺(ci)史、淄州(zhou)刺(ci)史,所到(dao)之處,常(chang)用自己的(de)(de)薪俸幫助病(bing)人、窮(qiong)人。下聯(lian)(lian)典(dian)指晉朝時(shi)期的(de)(de)上谷人公孫鳳,字上鸞,隱居在昌(chang)黎的(de)(de)九城(cheng)山谷,冬穿單衣,夏(xia)吃(chi)餿(sou)食(shi),彈(dan)琴吟詠(yong),悠然自得。朝廷屢次征召,不為(wei)所動(dong)。“弓(gong)旌”,為(wei)古代(dai)征聘士大夫之禮(li)。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上聯典指春秋(qiu)時期的晉國(guo)公孫(sun)杵(chu)臼。下聯典指春秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國(guo)時期的齊國(guo)公孫(sun)丑。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上(shang)聯(lian)典指漢朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)(de)薛人(ren)公(gong)孫弘,字季,小(xiao)時(shi)候家里(li)貧(pin)窮,四(si)十(shi)多(duo)歲(sui)始學《春秋(qiu)·雜(za)說》,漢武帝兩次征(zheng)召為博士,后任(ren)丞相,封平津侯,生活儉樸,經常(chang)吃糙米(mi),人(ren)們都佩服他的(de)(de)勤儉。下聯(lian)典指唐朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)(de)教坊舞(wu)(wu)伎(ji)公(gong)孫大(da)娘,善舞(wu)(wu)劍(jian)器,名冠一時(shi)。杜甫曾(ceng)有《觀公(gong)孫大(da)娘弟子舞(wu)(wu)劍(jian)器行》詩。書(shu)(shu)法家懷(huai)素曾(ceng)見她舞(wu)(wu)西河劍(jian)器,遂凈其舞(wu)(wu)姿(zi)化用于書(shu)(shu)法,從此其草書(shu)(shu)大(da)有長進,以狂草著名。
脫粟(su)稱平津之儉,舞劍示懷素之書(shu)
上聯(lian)典指(zhi)漢朝(chao)時期的薛人公(gong)孫(sun)弘。下聯(lian)典指(zhi)唐朝(chao)時期的教坊舞伎公(gong)孫(sun)大娘。
孟(meng)門(men)受精微之學,行人擅(shan)修飾之能(neng)
上聯(lian)典指戰國時期(qi)的齊(qi)國人(ren)公(gong)孫丑,孟子(zi)弟子(zi),非常傾(qing)慕春秋(qiu)時齊(qi)國大夫(fu)管仲、晏嬰,曾(ceng)向孟子(zi)請教他(ta)們建功立(li)業的精細(xi)隱微(wei)的問(wen)題(ti)。下聯(lian)典指春秋(qiu)時期(qi)的鄭國大夫(fu)公(gong)孫揮,字(zi)子(zi)羽,鄭簡公(gong)時任行人(ren)(掌管朝覲聘問(wen)的官)。《論(lun)語(yu)·憲問(wen)》中曾(ceng)說:“鄭國外交辭令的創制,裨湛(zhan)起(qi)草(cao),世叔討論(lun),行人(ren)子(zi)羽修飾,東里子(zi)產潤(run)色。”
孟氏(shi)及門,受精微之(zhi)學;行(xing)人(ren)子羽(yu),擅修飾之(zhi)能
上(shang)聯(lian)典指(zhi)戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)公孫(sun)丑,孟子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi),曾向孟子(zi)(zi)問(wen)何(he)謂“不動心”和“浩然之(zhi)氣”。又請(qing)問(wen)管(guan)仲和晏嬰的(de)功業(ye)。下聯(lian)典指(zhi)春秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)公孫(sun)揮(hui),字子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)。熟諳(an)諸侯(hou)政令,且(qie)嫻(xian)于辭令。仕行人(ren)。《論語》:“行人(ren)子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)修飾之(zhi)。”《左傳》論述(shu):“鄭國將(jiang)有(you)諸侯(hou)(外交)之(zhi)事,子(zi)(zi)產(chan)乃問(wen)四國之(zhi)事于子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)。”
黃帝(di)(di):姓(xing)(xing)公孫(一(yi)說為姬姓(xing)(xing)),名(ming)(ming)軒轅(yuan)(yuan),號軒轅(yuan)(yuan)氏、有熊氏和歸藏(zang)氏,被尊奉為“中華始祖(zu)”。據《史(shi)記(ji)·五帝(di)(di)本記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃帝(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe),少(shao)典之(zhi)(zhi)子,姓(xing)(xing)公孫,名(ming)(ming)軒轅(yuan)(yuan)。……黃帝(di)(di)居軒轅(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)丘”。華夏(xia)族(zu)的締造者(zhe)(zhe),五帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)首,有些說法(fa)被列為三皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),是(shi)公認的中華民族(zu)的祖(zu)先。
公孫僑:復姓公孫,名僑,字(zi)子(zi)產,又字(zi)子(zi)美(mei),鄭稱公孫。春秋(qiu)時期(qi)鄭國的政(zheng)治家和思想(xiang)家。子(zi)產具有人(ren)本(ben)主義的思想(xiang),強調人(ren)事,但也不否認鬼神。提出“天道(dao)遠,人(ren)道(dao)邇,非所及也”。在子(zi)產看來,人(ren)道(dao)先于(yu)天道(dao),天道(dao)可(ke)以存而(er)不論,人(ren)道(dao)則不能不察。被清朝的王源(yuan)推許為“春秋(qiu)第一(yi)人(ren)”。
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)鞅,衛(wei)國國君的后(hou)裔,姬姓、公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏,故稱衛(wei)鞅,又稱公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)鞅,后(hou)封(feng)于商,后(hou)人(ren)稱之(zhi)商鞅。在秦國執政十九年,秦國大治(zhi),史(shi)稱商鞅變法(fa)。戰(zhan)國時期政治(zhi)家(jia),著名法(fa)家(jia)代表人(ren)物。
公孫龍(前320年-前250年):傳說(shuo)字子秉,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren),曾(ceng)經做過平原君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)門客(ke),名家的(de)(de)(de)代表人(ren)物,其(qi)主(zhu)要著(zhu)作為《公孫龍子》,西漢時(shi)共有(you)14篇(pian)(pian),唐代時(shi)分為三(san)卷,北(bei)宋(song)時(shi)遺失了8篇(pian)(pian),到如今只殘留6篇(pian)(pian),共一(yi)卷。其(qi)中(zhong)最重要的(de)(de)(de)兩篇(pian)(pian)是《白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)論》和《堅白(bai)論》,提出了“白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)非馬(ma)(ma)”和“離堅白(bai)”等論點,是“離堅白(bai)”學(xue)派的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要代表。是著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)詭辯學(xue)代表著(zhu)作,提出了邏輯學(xue)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)“個別(bie)”和“一(yi)般”之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)關系(xi)(xi),但把它(ta)們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)夸大,割斷(duan)二者的(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)(xi),是一(yi)種形(xing)而上學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)思想體系(xi)(xi)。
公(gong)孫述(shu)(shu):西(xi)漢(han)末年(nian)(nian)(nian),天下紛擾,群雄(xiong)競起,公(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)遂自稱輔漢(han)將(jiang)軍(jun)兼領(ling)益(yi)州牧。建(jian)武元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(25年(nian)(nian)(nian)),公(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)稱帝于(yu)蜀,國(guo)號成(cheng)家(一(yi)作大(da)成(cheng)或成(cheng)),年(nian)(nian)(nian)號龍興。建(jian)武十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(35年(nian)(nian)(nian)),漢(han)廷乃派兵(bing)征(zheng)討(tao),被公(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)所拒(ju)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian),復命大(da)司馬(ma)吳漢(han)舉兵(bing)來伐,攻破(po)成(cheng)都,縱兵(bing)大(da)掠,盡誅公(gong)孫氏,“成(cheng)家”為東漢(han)所亡。計公(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)割據益(yi)州稱帝,共在(zai)位十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)(150-204年):字升濟,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)襄平(遼(liao)(liao)(liao)陽)人(ren)。有二子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)康(kang),康(kang)弟(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)恭(gong),康(kang)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)晃、公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)淵。少隨父遷居玄菟(tu)郡。初(chu)為玄菟(tu)小(xiao)吏(li),繼(ji)升尚(shang)書郎、冀(ji)州刺(ci)史,后被免官(guan)。東(dong)(dong)漢中平六年(189年),經同鄉徐榮推(tui)薦(jian),被董卓任命為遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)太守。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)到任后,厲(li)行嚴刑(xing)峻法(fa),打擊(ji)豪強勢力,使令行政通,羽翼漸豐。漢獻(xian)帝初(chu)平元年(190年),中原(yuan)地區(qu)董卓亂起,各地軍閥(fa)無(wu)暇東(dong)(dong)顧。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)趁機自立為遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)侯、平州牧(mu)。繼(ji)則東(dong)(dong)伐高句麗,西擊(ji)烏(wu)桓(huan),向南取遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)半島,開疆擴土;又(you)招(zhao)賢納士,設館開學,廣招(zhao)流民(min),威行海外,儼然以遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)王(wang)自居。由于公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)的銳意進取和(he)(he)苦心經營,使遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)地區(qu)在(zai)漢末三國(guo)的戰亂年代(dai),獲(huo)得(de)了(le)暫(zan)時的安寧,推(tui)動了(le)當地生產技術和(he)(he)封(feng)建(jian)文化的發(fa)展。
公(gong)孫淵:字文懿。魏大司(si)馬,封(feng)樂浪公(gong)。公(gong)孫度之孫。后自稱(cheng)燕王。為司(si)馬懿所破。
公(gong)孫(sun)瓚(zan)(?-199):字伯珪(gui),漢(han)族,遼(liao)西令支(zhi)(今河北遷安(an))人(ren)。東漢(han)末(mo)年(nian)獻(xian)帝年(nian)間占據(ju)幽(you)州一(yi)帶的軍閥,漢(han)末(mo)群雄之(zhi)一(yi)。后(hou)為(wei)袁紹所(suo)破。其(qi)子公(gong)孫(sun)續,被公(gong)孫(sun)瓚(zan)派(pai)往黑山求張(zhang)燕來救(jiu)已遲(chi)。后(hou)為(wei)屠(tu)各(ge)(休屠(tu)各(ge)的省(sheng)稱(cheng),也稱(cheng)休屠(tu))所(suo)殺(sha)。