《鳳還巢》為(wei)梅(mei)蘭芳(fang)根(gen)據清宮藏本《循環序》改編的京(jing)劇(ju),原名《陰陽樹》,又名《丑配》,于1929年在北京(jing)首演(yan)。此劇(ju)情節(jie)巧妙(miao),行(xing)當齊(qi)全,與清代傳(chuan)(chuan)奇劇(ju)本《風箏(zheng)誤》有(you)異曲同工之妙(miao)。雪(xue)娥的幾大段(duan)唱(chang)腔(qiang)華麗(li)別致、明快跌宕、如訴如歌,是梅(mei)派唱(chang)腔(qiang)中(zhong)廣為(wei)流傳(chuan)(chuan)的著名唱(chang)段(duan)。
明(ming)(ming)朝末(mo)年,侍郎程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)(pu)告老還鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)(pu)生(sheng)(sheng)有二(er)女(nv)(nv):大(da)女(nv)(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)雁為(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)所生(sheng)(sheng),貌(mao)奇丑(chou)(chou)且行為(wei)(wei)(wei)舉止粗魯;次女(nv)(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)(wei)側室所生(sheng)(sheng),美(mei)貌(mao)聰(cong)明(ming)(ming),程(cheng)(cheng)愛之(zhi)(zhi)如掌上(shang)明(ming)(ming)珠。程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)(pu)與(yu)宗皇(huang)朱(zhu)渙(huan)然(ran)游春,遇(yu)故友之(zhi)(zhi)子穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居易。程(cheng)(cheng)喜(xi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居易翩翩少年,認為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)前(qian)程(cheng)(cheng)看(kan)好,欲與(yu)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)擇(ze)婿,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)卻(que)欲將雪(xue)雁許穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)壽辰,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來(lai)拜,留宿(su)于書(shu)館(guan)。入夜(ye)(ye)(ye),夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)命己女(nv)(nv)雪(xue)雁冒(mao)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)名去(qu)(qu)書(shu)館(guan)會穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見其(qi)(qi)貌(mao)丑(chou)(chou)無(wu)比,誤(wu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)騙婚(hun)(hun),連夜(ye)(ye)(ye)逃(tao)(tao)去(qu)(qu),途(tu)中(zhong)遇(yu)到朱(zhu)渙(huan)然(ran),朱(zhu)贈(zeng)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)銀馬(ma)助其(qi)(qi)逃(tao)(tao)跑。程(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)去(qu)(qu)向不(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming),適逢朝廷起用,只好奉旨離家(jia)出(chu)征。而垂涎(xian)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)已久(jiu)的皇(huang)族朱(zhu)煥(huan)然(ran),得(de)知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)逃(tao)(tao)程(cheng)(cheng)去(qu)(qu),乘機冒(mao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)名來(lai)程(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)迎娶(qu)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)真(zhen),即(ji)以雪(xue)雁代嫁。洞(dong)房中(zhong),兩人(ren)(ren)發現全是冒(mao)名頂替(ti),雖(sui)后悔莫及,卻(que)有苦難(nan)言,只能將錯(cuo)就錯(cuo)。這(zhe)時,地(di)方強盜(dao)作亂,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)去(qu)(qu)朱(zhu)家(jia)避難(nan),雪(xue)娥(e)(e)因朱(zhu)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)端不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)隨夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)前(qian)往。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)(pu)平定賊寇,接雪(xue)娥(e)(e)至(zhi)軍(jun)中(zhong)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也從(cong)軍(jun)在(zai)此。程(cheng)(cheng)又重提婚(hun)(hun)姻,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)堅決拒婚(hun)(hun):元帥(shuai)洪功及周監(jian)軍(jun)強給(gei)主(zhu)婚(hun)(hun),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)已說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)程(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)(nv)夤夜(ye)(ye)(ye)私(si)入書(shu)館(guan)等情(qing)。程(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)誤(wu)會,堅持完婚(hun)(hun)。洞(dong)房中(zhong),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)娥(e)(e)貌(mao)美(mei),確非私(si)入書(shu)房之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)由大(da)喜(xi)。雪(xue)娥(e)(e)卻(que)因穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)拒婚(hun)(hun),委屈非常,在(zai)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一再(zai)謝罪之(zhi)(zhi)下,才轉(zhuan)悲為(wei)(wei)(wei)喜(xi),終(zhong)諧伉(kang)儷。朱(zhu)渙(huan)然(ran)被劫,攜程(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)雁來(lai)投,最(zui)終(zhong)一家(jia)團聚。
2022年8月,京劇(ju)(ju)《鳳還巢》參加2022年戲曲百戲(昆山)盛典(dian)全國戲曲領軍人才優秀劇(ju)(ju)目展演。
2019年10月(yue)2日(ri),由文化和旅游部、北(bei)京市(shi)人民(min)政府主辦的2019中國(guo)戲曲文化周(zhou)2日(ri)在北(bei)京園(yuan)博(bo)園(yuan)開幕。梅派(pai)《鳳還巢》得到演出。
2021年12月14、15日,上海京劇院的(de)《鳳還巢》將在(zai)湖南大劇院演(yan)出(chu)。