《鳳(feng)還巢》為(wei)梅蘭芳根據清宮藏本《循環序》改編的京劇(ju)(ju),原(yuan)名《陰陽樹》,又名《丑配》,于(yu)1929年(nian)在北京首(shou)演。此劇(ju)(ju)情節巧妙,行(xing)當齊全(quan),與清代傳奇劇(ju)(ju)本《風箏(zheng)誤》有異曲(qu)同工之妙。雪娥(e)的幾大段唱(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)華麗(li)別致、明快(kuai)跌宕、如(ru)訴(su)如(ru)歌,是梅派唱(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)中廣為(wei)流傳的著名唱(chang)(chang)段。
明(ming)(ming)朝末年,侍郎程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)告老還鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)生有(you)二女:大女程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)夫人(ren)(ren)所生,貌奇丑且(qie)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)舉止粗魯;次女程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)側室所生,美(mei)貌聰明(ming)(ming),程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)愛(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)掌上明(ming)(ming)珠。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)與宗(zong)皇朱(zhu)(zhu)渙然游春,遇故(gu)友之(zhi)(zhi)子穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居易。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)喜(xi)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居易翩翩少年,認為(wei)(wei)其前程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)看好,欲與雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)擇婿(xu),夫人(ren)(ren)卻(que)欲將雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)許穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽辰,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來(lai)拜,留(liu)宿于書館。入(ru)夜,夫人(ren)(ren)命(ming)己女雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)冒雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)去書館會穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見其貌丑無比,誤以(yi)為(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)騙婚,連夜逃去,途中(zhong)遇到朱(zhu)(zhu)渙然,朱(zhu)(zhu)贈穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)銀馬助其逃跑。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生去向(xiang)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming),適逢朝廷起用(yong),只(zhi)好奉旨離家(jia)出征。而(er)垂涎(xian)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)已(yi)久的皇族(zu)朱(zhu)(zhu)煥然,得知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)逃程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)去,乘(cheng)機冒穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)名(ming)來(lai)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)迎娶雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)。夫人(ren)(ren)信以(yi)為(wei)(wei)真(zhen),即以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)代嫁。洞房中(zhong),兩人(ren)(ren)發(fa)現全是冒名(ming)頂替,雖后(hou)悔(hui)莫及,卻(que)有(you)苦難言,只(zhi)能(neng)將錯就錯。這時,地方強盜作(zuo)亂,夫人(ren)(ren)去朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)避難,雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)因朱(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)端(duan)不(bu)(bu)肯隨夫人(ren)(ren)前往。不(bu)(bu)久,程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)平定賊寇,接雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)至軍(jun)中(zhong)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也從軍(jun)在此。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又(you)重提婚姻,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)堅決(jue)拒婚:元帥(shuai)洪功及周監(jian)軍(jun)強給主婚,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)得已(yi)說明(ming)(ming)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)女夤夜私入(ru)書館等(deng)情。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)誤會,堅持(chi)完(wan)婚。洞房中(zhong),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)貌美(mei),確非私入(ru)書房之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)由(you)大喜(xi)。雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)(e)卻(que)因穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)拒婚,委屈非常(chang),在穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一再謝(xie)罪之(zhi)(zhi)下,才轉悲為(wei)(wei)喜(xi),終(zhong)諧(xie)伉儷。朱(zhu)(zhu)渙然被(bei)劫,攜(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)(yan)來(lai)投(tou),最終(zhong)一家(jia)團聚。
2022年8月,京劇(ju)《鳳還巢》參(can)加(jia)2022年戲(xi)曲百(bai)戲(xi)(昆山)盛典(dian)全(quan)國戲(xi)曲領軍人(ren)才優秀劇(ju)目(mu)展演。
2019年10月2日,由文化(hua)和旅游部、北京市(shi)人(ren)民政府主辦的2019中國戲(xi)曲文化(hua)周(zhou)2日在(zai)北京園博園開幕。梅派(pai)《鳳還巢》得到演(yan)出。
2021年12月14、15日,上海京劇院的《鳳還巢(chao)》將在(zai)湖(hu)南大(da)劇院演出。