建設歷史
據對現存的殘碑記載和《永寧州志(zhi)》之考證,北武當山(shan)(shan)在唐(tang)代以前就已形成一(yi)處(chu)具(ju)有(you)道教(jiao)色(se)彩的朝拜圣地(di),山(shan)(shan)頂建有(you)玄(xuan)天大殿。關(guan)帝山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)森林公園建于1992年,是山(shan)(shan)西省第一(yi)批興建的國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級森林公園。公園內的白馬(ma)仙洞(dong)景(jing)區于2000年11月(yue)7日經(jing)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)林業局批準建立,是關(guan)帝山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)森林公園九大景(jing)區之一(yi),屬山(shan)(shan)西省離(li)石旅游區著名景(jing)點。
地理環境
位置
關帝山(shan)國家森(sen)林公園位于古(gu)老的呂梁(liang)山(shan)中段,跨文(wen)水、交城、離石、方山(shan)、古(gu)交、婁煩(fan)六個市(shi)縣(xian)。由(you)三道川、果老峰、龐泉溝、三座崖(ya)、北武當山(shan)、陽圪臺、白(bai)馬(ma)仙洞、原平川、云頂(ding)山(shan)九個景區(qu)組成。總面積76135。4公頃(qing),森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率高達75%以上,園內主峰孝(xiao)文(wen)山(shan),海拔2831米,北魏孝(xiao)文(wen)帝登過此(ci)山(shan)而得名,是華北第(di)二高峰。
氣候
公(gong)園內四(si)季分明(ming),氣候溫(wen)和,屬溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸(lu)性氣候。
自然資源
公園(yuan)內動(dong)植(zhi)物資源豐富(fu),生長(chang)的植(zhi)物多達870多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主要樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有油松、遼東櫟、山(shan)楊、白樺、華北落葉(xie)松、醋柳、側(ce)柏(bo)、云杉等(deng)。從(cong)海(hai)拔1300米的東大門至2831米的主峰(feng),森林(lin)植(zhi)被形(xing)成(cheng)了由不同(tong)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)其他植(zhi)物構成(cheng)的明顯垂直景觀帶(dai)。關(guan)帝山(shan)國家森林(lin)公園(yuan)也是野(ye)生動(dong)物的天(tian)堂,棲息(xi)繁衍著脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物237種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中以鳥類和(he)獸類居多,如(ru)褐馬雞、金錢豹、原麝、金雕、鴛鴦、黑鸛(guan)、蒼(cang)鷹、黃腹山(shan)雀等(deng)。此外還有無脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物1100多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
公園蘊藏著豐富(fu)的自然資源。在臥牛坪(ping)每公頃林木蓄積最高達700余立(li)方(fang)米。居華北之冠。植物有870余種,世界珍禽--山(shan)西(xi)省省鳥(niao)褐(he)馬雞就(jiu)棲息在稠(chou)密的灌(guan)木叢(cong)中。
景點景觀
北武當山景區
北(bei)武(wu)當山(shan)(shan)又名真武(wu)山(shan)(shan),又稱龍王山(shan)(shan),位于山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)呂梁(liang)地(di)區(qu)的方(fang)山(shan)(shan)縣境內(nei),呂梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)脈中(zhong)段。北(bei)武(wu)當山(shan)(shan)風景名勝(sheng)區(qu)由72峰(feng)(feng)、36崖(ya)、24澗、20奇(qi)松、48怪石組成(cheng),主峰(feng)(feng)香爐峰(feng)(feng),海拔2254米,總面積(ji)約6298.3公頃(qing)。它(ta)集(ji)“雄、奇(qi)、險、秀”于—身,素(su)有“三晉第一(yi)名山(shan)(shan)”之稱系中(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方(fang)道教圣地(di)之一(yi)。
北武當(dang)小(xiao)主(zhu)峰四周幾乎都(dou)是陡壁懸(xuan)崖(ya),只有—條人(ren)(ren)造“天(tian)梯”可(ke)攀。來(lai)到(dao)(dao)山(shan)腳(jiao)下,過五(wu)里黃土五(wu)里沙(sha)路,便是1400余級就壁鑿筑的石(shi)(shi)(shi)階,凡險峻之處,設有鐵索扶手。石(shi)(shi)(shi)階—線疊置,從下仰視,宛如“天(tian)梯”。游人(ren)(ren)攀登,每一步都(dou)可(ke)仿佛聽到(dao)(dao)悠揚頓挫的“石(shi)(shi)(shi)音”,形成獨特的“石(shi)(shi)(shi)樂”絕景(jing)。沿著石(shi)(shi)(shi)階,奇(qi)松(song)異石(shi)(shi)(shi),廟宇石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻,淹沒在蓊郁的山(shan)林(lin)植被(bei)之中(zhong),相(xiang)間點綴相(xiang)映成趣。主(zhu)要的山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)景(jing)觀有:古猿望日、石(shi)(shi)(shi)豬受難、九龍出洞、石(shi)(shi)(shi)象守山(shan)、天(tian)壺(hu)傾露、石(shi)(shi)(shi)羊朝圣、石(shi)(shi)(shi)龜下蛋、石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)(shi)蛤蟆、龜蛇斗智等(deng)。
主(zhu)要(yao)的奇(qi)松(song)景觀(guan)有(you)(you):鴛鴦松(song)、迎客松(song)、托天松(song),母子松(song)等(deng)(deng)。最使人嘆為觀(guan)止的是“擎(qing)天探海松(song)”,其(qi)松(song)立于石階半道,樹身(shen)枝分兩(liang)杈,—權刺(ci)向(xiang)青天,—權橫瞰(kan)群峰。主(zhu)要(yao)的懸崖(ya)峭壁有(you)(you):千(qian)仞壁、舍身(shen)壁、鷹(ying)嘴崖(ya)等(deng)(deng)。呈垂(chui)直分布(bu)的植(zhi)被,其(qi)色(se)彩和花色(se)隨季節變化。主(zhu)要(yao)建筑有(you)(you):萬神廟(miao)(miao)、靈(ling)官(guan)(guan)廟(miao)(miao)、山(shan)神土(tu)地廟(miao)(miao)、二(er)龍廟(miao)(miao)、喬松(song)廟(miao)(miao)、三官(guan)(guan)廟(miao)(miao)、火(huo)神廟(miao)(miao)、龍王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)、黑虎廟(miao)(miao)、玄天大殿和太和宮等(deng)(deng)。北武當山(shan)風景區開放以來,先后有(you)(you)許(xu)德(de)珩、啟功、周而(er)復、力毅、臧克家、溥杰、馮其(qi)庸、王(wang)朝(chao)瑞、吳冠中等(deng)(deng)名人學者(zhe),題詞作畫,留下千(qian)古佳作,更(geng)添武當風采。每年(nian)農歷三月初一(yi)至初三,為北武當山(shan)古廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)期。據史載,唐(tang)朝(chao)時就“時朝(chao)山(shan)進香者(zhe)年(nian)復一(yi)年(nian),久盛不衰”。
白馬仙洞景區
白(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)景(jing)(jing)區位于離(li)石(shi)(shi)市吳城鎮王(wang)營莊村附(fu)近,總面(mian)積(ji)800公頃。景(jing)(jing)區座落于一個歷(li)史悠久、具有(you)神奇傳說和(he)(he)神秘(mi)色彩(cai)的洞(dong)溝深(shen)處(chu),景(jing)(jing)區內(nei)有(you)一座山(shan),勢如鳳凰之翼,形勝(sheng)冠(guan)絕,名(ming)九風(feng)山(shan)。此山(shan)危峰峭(qiao)聳、怪柏蒼(cang)松(song)、鳥鳴(ming)獸(shou)嘯、祥云紫霧(wu)、氣(qi)(qi)象萬千。與其(qi)相對(dui)的韓仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)和(he)(he)起云山(shan)海(hai)拔(ba)分別(bie)為(wei)1850米(mi)、1941米(mi)。遠看碧波萬頃、松(song)濤陣(zhen)陣(zhen)。鳳凰山(shan)、起云山(shan)、韓仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)是景(jing)(jing)區內(nei)三個主峰,登(deng)高遠望,仙(xian)(xian)云繞綠林、仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)吐紫氣(qi)(qi)、游君如身(shen)臨(lin)仙(xian)(xian)境。韓仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)下,密林深(shen)溝中(zhong)有(you)一巨(ju)石(shi)(shi),石(shi)(shi)后一漲清澈的泉(quan)水(shui)是仙(xian)(xian)馬(ma)飲水(shui)之泉(quan),泉(quan)水(shui)輕輕,四(si)季長(chang)(chang)流,稱(cheng)為(wei)“圣靈泉(quan)”。景(jing)(jing)區內(nei)還有(you)長(chang)(chang)春巖(yan)、快活林、九龍古櫟、孔雀松(song)、三仙(xian)(xian)松(song)等多處(chu)勝(sheng)景(jing)(jing)。
白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)(jing)區最主要(yao)的景(jing)(jing)觀即白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位于九鳳山的山腰蔥郁茂密的松(song)(song)林(lin)中,古(gu)碑記(ji)(ji)述:“蓋聞天下名山洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),富麗(li)清幽寥闊(kuo)而(er)奇絕者多矣,未有(you)(you)若(ruo)石郡鳳凰(huang)山、白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最焉,”唐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)有(you)(you)黑(hei)白(bai)二馬(ma)(ma)(ma)出(chu)入洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)府,號白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。據地(di)(di)質和文物(wu)專家對其(qi)(qi)全面(mian)勘探(tan)發(fa)現該洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)屬(shu)柳(liu)林(lin)泉城(cheng),地(di)(di)質絕對年(nian)齡約 1.4億年(nian),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口至洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底長約500米,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口與洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底相對高差168米,稱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“華北第一(yi)險洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中套(tao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、景(jing)(jing)中生景(jing)(jing),具(ju)有(you)(you)深而(er)險、險而(er)奇的特(te)色(se)(se),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中有(you)(you)懸空石,水簾洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)由(you)高瀉下,珍珠山琳瑯滿(man)目,三仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)如入仙境、跑(pao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)灘寬(kuan)闊(kuo)奇險共二十五(wu)處(chu)天然造形。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)外有(you)(you)歷代古(gu)建筑和古(gu)碑矗立四周。古(gu)建筑遺址和石碑完(wan)好,字跡清晰,據記(ji)(ji)載歷代建有(you)(you)“淵濟(ji)閣”、 “洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽觀”、 “圣母(mu)殿(dian)”等七處(chu)古(gu)建筑。傳(chuan)說此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)古(gu)黃帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別宮,周朝得(de)道仙翁(weng)赤松(song)(song)子煉丹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所,當地(di)(di)祈雨(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣靈地(di)(di)。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci),白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是一(yi)處(chu)有(you)(you)古(gu)代皇帝鉆過(guo)的洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),有(you)(you)別于任何其(qi)(qi)它溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的一(yi)大歷史特(te)色(se)(se)和文化特(te)色(se)(se)。
云頂山景區
云(yun)頂山(shan)位(wei)于公園(yuan)東北側、海拔(ba) 2670米,是(shi)(shi)公園(yuan)內第二高(gao)峰。云(yun)頂山(shan)上有(you)一片廣闊平坦的(de)(de)亞高(gao)山(shan)草甸。稱為四十里(li)跑馬營(ying),相傳孝文帝在(zai)此(ci)早觀日出(chu),晚送夕(xi)陽(yang)(yang),午乘駿(jun)馬射(she)獵。距(ju)森林公園(yuan)2干米處,有(you)塊天然巨石形似一頭臥著(zhu)的(de)(de)雄獅,周圍是(shi)(shi)翠綠的(de)(de)油松和楊樹、綠灌叢生(sheng),花草滿地,石獅迎著(zhu)西(xi)下的(de)(de)夕(xi)陽(yang)(yang)。天門山(shan)位(wei)于八道(dao)溝、此(ci)處森林茂密,奇峰突起、怪石嶙峋。
旅游指南
交通路線
線路(lu)1:北京503公里-太原187公里-呂梁地
線(xian)路2:石家莊(zhuang)221公里-太原187公里-呂梁地區關帝山國家森林公園