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建設歷史

據對現存的(de)殘碑記(ji)載和《永寧州志》之(zhi)考(kao)證，北武當山(shan)(shan)在唐代(dai)以前就已(yi)形成一(yi)處具有(you)道教色彩的(de)朝拜圣地，山(shan)(shan)頂建有(you)玄(xuan)天大(da)殿(dian)。關(guan)帝山(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)建于1992年，是山(shan)(shan)西省第一(yi)批興建的(de)國家(jia)級森(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)。公園(yuan)內的(de)白馬仙洞景(jing)區(qu)于2000年11月(yue)7日經國家(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局批準(zhun)建立(li)，是關(guan)帝山(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)九大(da)景(jing)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)，屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)西省離(li)石旅游(you)區(qu)著名景(jing)點。

地理環境

位置

關帝山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園位于古老(lao)的(de)呂(lv)梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)中段，跨(kua)文水(shui)、交城、離石(shi)、方山(shan)(shan)、古交、婁(lou)煩六個市(shi)縣(xian)。由(you)三(san)道(dao)川(chuan)、果老(lao)峰、龐泉溝、三(san)座崖、北武當(dang)山(shan)(shan)、陽圪(ge)臺(tai)、白馬仙洞(dong)、原平(ping)川(chuan)、云頂山(shan)(shan)九個景區組(zu)成。總面積76135。4公(gong)頃，森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率高(gao)達75%以上，園內主(zhu)峰孝文山(shan)(shan)，海拔2831米(mi)，北魏孝文帝登(deng)過此(ci)山(shan)(shan)而(er)得名，是(shi)華(hua)北第二高(gao)峰。

氣候

公園內四(si)季分明，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和，屬(shu)溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。

自然資源

公園內動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源豐富(fu)，生(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)多達870多種，主(zhu)要樹(shu)種有油松(song)、遼東(dong)櫟、山楊、白樺、華(hua)北落葉(xie)松(song)、醋柳、側柏、云(yun)杉(shan)等(deng)。從海拔(ba)1300米的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)大門至2831米的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)峰，森(sen)林(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)形成了由不同(tong)樹(shu)種和(he)其他植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)明顯(xian)垂直景觀帶。關帝山國家森(sen)林(lin)公園也是(shi)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)天堂，棲息繁(fan)衍(yan)著脊(ji)(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)237種，其中以(yi)鳥類和(he)獸(shou)類居多，如(ru)褐馬雞、金錢豹、原麝、金雕、鴛鴦(yang)、黑鸛、蒼鷹、黃腹山雀等(deng)。此外還有無脊(ji)(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)1100多種。

公(gong)(gong)園蘊藏著豐(feng)富(fu)的自然資源(yuan)。在(zai)臥牛(niu)坪每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃林木(mu)(mu)蓄(xu)積(ji)最高(gao)達700余(yu)立方米。居華北(bei)之冠。植物有870余(yu)種，世界(jie)珍禽--山(shan)西省省鳥褐馬雞(ji)就棲息在(zai)稠密的灌木(mu)(mu)叢中。

景點景觀

北武當山景區

北(bei)武(wu)(wu)當山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又(you)名(ming)真武(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)龍王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，位于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省呂梁地(di)區(qu)的方山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)境內(nei)，呂梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈中段。北(bei)武(wu)(wu)當山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風景名(ming)勝區(qu)由72峰、36崖、24澗、20奇(qi)松、48怪石(shi)組成，主峰香爐(lu)峰，海拔2254米，總面積約6298.3公(gong)頃。它集“雄、奇(qi)、險、秀”于—身，素(su)有“三晉第一名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)中國北(bei)方道(dao)教圣地(di)之(zhi)一。

北(bei)武當(dang)小主(zhu)(zhu)峰四周幾(ji)乎都是陡壁(bi)懸崖，只有—條人(ren)造“天(tian)梯”可攀。來到(dao)山(shan)腳下，過(guo)五(wu)里黃(huang)土(tu)五(wu)里沙路，便是1400余(yu)級就壁(bi)鑿筑的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階，凡險峻之處(chu)，設有鐵索(suo)扶手。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階—線疊置，從(cong)下仰視，宛如“天(tian)梯”。游人(ren)攀登，每(mei)一步都可仿佛聽到(dao)悠揚頓挫的“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)音(yin)”，形成獨特的“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樂”絕景。沿著石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階，奇松異石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，廟宇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)，淹沒在蓊郁的山(shan)林植被之中(zhong)，相間點(dian)綴相映成趣。主(zhu)(zhu)要的山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)景觀有：古(gu)猿望日、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬(zhu)受難、九龍出(chu)洞、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象守山(shan)、天(tian)壺傾露(lu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)羊朝圣、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)龜下蛋、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蛤蟆、龜蛇斗智等。

主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)奇松(song)景(jing)觀有(you)：鴛鴦松(song)、迎客松(song)、托天(tian)松(song)，母子松(song)等(deng)(deng)。最(zui)使(shi)人(ren)嘆為(wei)觀止的(de)是“擎天(tian)探(tan)海松(song)”，其(qi)松(song)立于石階半(ban)道，樹身枝分兩(liang)杈，—權(quan)刺向(xiang)青天(tian)，—權(quan)橫瞰群(qun)峰。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)懸(xuan)崖峭壁(bi)有(you)：千(qian)仞壁(bi)、舍身壁(bi)、鷹嘴崖等(deng)(deng)。呈垂直分布的(de)植被，其(qi)色彩(cai)和(he)花色隨季節變化。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)建筑有(you)：萬神(shen)廟(miao)(miao)、靈官(guan)廟(miao)(miao)、山(shan)神(shen)土地廟(miao)(miao)、二龍(long)廟(miao)(miao)、喬松(song)廟(miao)(miao)、三(san)官(guan)廟(miao)(miao)、火神(shen)廟(miao)(miao)、龍(long)王廟(miao)(miao)、黑虎(hu)廟(miao)(miao)、玄天(tian)大殿和(he)太和(he)宮等(deng)(deng)。北武當(dang)山(shan)風景(jing)區開放以來，先后有(you)許德珩(heng)、啟功、周而復(fu)、力(li)毅(yi)、臧克家、溥(pu)杰、馮其(qi)庸、王朝瑞、吳冠(guan)中等(deng)(deng)名人(ren)學者，題詞作畫，留(liu)下(xia)千(qian)古佳作，更添武當(dang)風采(cai)。每年農歷(li)三(san)月初一至初三(san)，為(wei)北武當(dang)山(shan)古廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)期。據史載，唐朝時就(jiu)“時朝山(shan)進香者年復(fu)一年，久盛不(bu)衰(shuai)”。

白馬仙洞景區

白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)景(jing)區(qu)位(wei)于(yu)離石市吳城鎮王營(ying)莊村附近，總面積800公頃。景(jing)區(qu)座(zuo)落于(yu)一個(ge)歷史悠久(jiu)、具有神奇傳說和神秘色彩的洞(dong)溝深處(chu)，景(jing)區(qu)內有一座(zuo)山，勢(shi)如鳳(feng)凰之(zhi)翼，形勝冠絕，名(ming)九風山。此山危峰(feng)峭聳、怪柏蒼松(song)、鳥(niao)鳴獸嘯、祥云(yun)(yun)紫霧、氣(qi)(qi)象萬(wan)千(qian)。與其相對(dui)的韓仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)和起(qi)云(yun)(yun)山海拔分別為(wei)1850米、1941米。遠看碧波萬(wan)頃、松(song)濤陣陣。鳳(feng)凰山、起(qi)云(yun)(yun)山、韓仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)是景(jing)區(qu)內三個(ge)主(zhu)峰(feng)，登(deng)高遠望，仙(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)繞(rao)綠林、仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)吐(tu)紫氣(qi)(qi)、游君如身臨仙(xian)(xian)境。韓仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)下，密林深溝中(zhong)有一巨石，石后(hou)一漲清澈(che)的泉(quan)水(shui)是仙(xian)(xian)馬(ma)飲水(shui)之(zhi)泉(quan)，泉(quan)水(shui)輕輕，四季長(chang)流，稱為(wei)“圣靈泉(quan)”。景(jing)區(qu)內還有長(chang)春巖、快活林、九龍古櫟、孔(kong)雀松(song)、三仙(xian)(xian)松(song)等多處(chu)勝景(jing)。

白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景區(qu)最主要的景觀即白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位于九鳳山(shan)的山(shan)腰蔥(cong)郁茂密的松(song)林(lin)中，古(gu)碑(bei)(bei)記述：“蓋聞天下名山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，富麗(li)清(qing)(qing)幽(you)寥闊而(er)(er)奇絕者多(duo)矣(yi)，未有若(ruo)石郡鳳凰(huang)山(shan)、白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)最焉，”唐(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)初有黑白二(er)馬(ma)出入洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)府，號(hao)白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。據(ju)地(di)質(zhi)和文物專家對(dui)其全面勘探發現該洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)屬柳林(lin)泉城，地(di)質(zhi)絕對(dui)年齡(ling)約(yue) 1.4億年，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口至(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底長約(yue)500米，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口與洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底相對(dui)高差168米，稱之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“華北第一險洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中套洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、景中生景，具有深而(er)(er)險、險而(er)(er)奇的特(te)(te)色(se)(se)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中有懸空石，水簾洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)由高瀉下，珍珠山(shan)琳(lin)瑯滿(man)目，三仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)如入仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)、跑馬(ma)灘寬闊奇險共二(er)十五處天然造形。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)外有歷(li)代古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)和古(gu)碑(bei)(bei)矗立四周。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)遺址和石碑(bei)(bei)完好，字跡清(qing)(qing)晰，據(ju)記載歷(li)代建(jian)有“淵濟閣”、 “洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽觀”、 “圣(sheng)母殿”等七處古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)。傳(chuan)說此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)遠古(gu)黃帝之(zhi)(zhi)別(bie)宮，周朝得道仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)翁(weng)赤松(song)子(zi)煉(lian)丹(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)所，當地(di)祈雨之(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)靈(ling)地(di)。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)，白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是一處有古(gu)代皇(huang)帝鉆過的洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，有別(bie)于任(ren)何(he)其它(ta)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的一大歷(li)史特(te)(te)色(se)(se)和文化(hua)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)。

云頂山景區

云(yun)頂山位(wei)于公(gong)(gong)園東北(bei)側、海拔 2670米，是(shi)公(gong)(gong)園內第(di)二(er)高峰。云(yun)頂山上有一片廣(guang)闊(kuo)平坦(tan)的亞高山草甸。稱為四十里跑馬(ma)營，相傳孝(xiao)文帝(di)在此早觀日出，晚(wan)送夕(xi)陽，午乘駿馬(ma)射獵。距森林公(gong)(gong)園2干米處(chu)，有塊天然巨石形似一頭(tou)臥(wo)著(zhu)的雄(xiong)獅(shi)，周(zhou)圍是(shi)翠綠的油松和楊樹、綠灌叢生，花草滿地，石獅(shi)迎著(zhu)西下(xia)的夕(xi)陽。天門山位(wei)于八道溝、此處(chu)森林茂(mao)密，奇峰突起、怪(guai)石嶙(lin)峋。

旅游指南

交通路線

線路1：北京503公里－太原187公里－呂梁地

線路2：石(shi)家莊(zhuang)221公里－太(tai)原187公里－呂梁地(di)區關帝山國家森林(lin)公園