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建設歷史

據(ju)對(dui)現存(cun)的殘(can)碑記載和《永寧(ning)州志(zhi)》之考證，北武當山在唐代以(yi)前就已形(xing)成(cheng)一處具有(you)道教色彩的朝拜圣地，山頂建有(you)玄天(tian)大殿。關帝山國(guo)家森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園建于1992年，是山西(xi)省第一批興(xing)建的國(guo)家級森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園。公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)的白馬仙洞景區(qu)(qu)于2000年11月7日經國(guo)家林(lin)業局批準建立，是關帝山國(guo)家森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園九大景區(qu)(qu)之一，屬山西(xi)省離石旅游區(qu)(qu)著名(ming)景點。

地理環境

位置

關帝山國家森林(lin)公園(yuan)位于古(gu)老(lao)的呂梁山中(zhong)段，跨文水、交城、離(li)石(shi)、方山、古(gu)交、婁煩六個市縣。由(you)三道川、果(guo)老(lao)峰、龐(pang)泉溝、三座崖(ya)、北武當山、陽(yang)圪臺(tai)、白馬仙洞、原平川、云頂山九個景區(qu)組成。總面積76135。4公頃，森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率高(gao)達75%以上，園(yuan)內主(zhu)峰孝文山，海拔(ba)2831米，北魏孝文帝登過此山而得名，是華北第(di)二(er)高(gao)峰。

氣候

公園內四季分明(ming)，氣(qi)候溫和，屬溫帶大陸性氣(qi)候。

自然資源

公園(yuan)內(nei)動植物(wu)(wu)資源豐富，生(sheng)長的(de)植物(wu)(wu)多達870多種(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)樹(shu)種(zhong)有油松、遼東櫟(li)、山(shan)楊、白樺、華北落葉松、醋(cu)柳(liu)、側柏、云(yun)杉等(deng)。從海拔1300米(mi)(mi)的(de)東大門至(zhi)2831米(mi)(mi)的(de)主(zhu)峰，森林植被(bei)形(xing)成(cheng)了由(you)不同樹(shu)種(zhong)和(he)其他植物(wu)(wu)構成(cheng)的(de)明顯垂直景(jing)觀帶。關帝山(shan)國家森林公園(yuan)也是野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)的(de)天堂，棲息繁衍(yan)著脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)237種(zhong)，其中以鳥類和(he)獸類居(ju)多，如褐馬雞、金錢豹、原麝、金雕、鴛鴦、黑鸛、蒼(cang)鷹、黃腹山(shan)雀等(deng)。此外還有無脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)1100多種(zhong)。

公園蘊(yun)藏(zang)著豐(feng)富的自然(ran)資源。在(zai)臥牛坪(ping)每公頃林(lin)木蓄(xu)積最高達700余立(li)方米。居華北之冠。植物有870余種，世界珍禽--山西省省鳥(niao)褐馬雞就棲息在(zai)稠(chou)密的灌木叢(cong)中。

景點景觀

北武當山景區

北(bei)(bei)武(wu)當山(shan)又名真武(wu)山(shan)，又稱(cheng)龍(long)王山(shan)，位于(yu)(yu)山(shan)西省呂(lv)梁地區(qu)的方山(shan)縣(xian)境內，呂(lv)梁山(shan)脈中段。北(bei)(bei)武(wu)當山(shan)風景(jing)名勝區(qu)由72峰(feng)、36崖、24澗、20奇松(song)、48怪石(shi)組(zu)成，主峰(feng)香爐峰(feng)，海拔2254米，總面(mian)積約6298.3公頃。它集“雄、奇、險、秀”于(yu)(yu)—身，素有“三晉第(di)一(yi)名山(shan)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)系中國北(bei)(bei)方道教圣地之(zhi)一(yi)。

北武當小主(zhu)(zhu)峰四(si)周幾乎都是陡(dou)壁懸崖(ya)，只(zhi)有(you)—條人造“天(tian)梯”可攀。來到山(shan)腳(jiao)下(xia)，過五里黃土五里沙路，便是1400余級就壁鑿(zao)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)階，凡險峻之處，設有(you)鐵索扶手(shou)。石(shi)(shi)階—線疊置，從(cong)下(xia)仰視(shi)，宛如(ru)“天(tian)梯”。游人攀登，每一步都可仿佛聽到悠揚頓(dun)挫的(de)(de)“石(shi)(shi)音”，形(xing)成(cheng)獨(du)特的(de)(de)“石(shi)(shi)樂”絕景。沿著石(shi)(shi)階，奇(qi)松(song)異石(shi)(shi)，廟宇石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)，淹沒在蓊郁的(de)(de)山(shan)林植(zhi)被之中，相間點綴(zhui)相映成(cheng)趣。主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)景觀有(you)：古猿(yuan)望日、石(shi)(shi)豬受難、九龍出(chu)洞、石(shi)(shi)象(xiang)守山(shan)、天(tian)壺(hu)傾露、石(shi)(shi)羊朝圣(sheng)、石(shi)(shi)龜下(xia)蛋、石(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)蛤(ha)蟆(ma)、龜蛇(she)斗(dou)智等。

主(zhu)要(yao)的奇(qi)松(song)(song)(song)景觀有：鴛鴦松(song)(song)(song)、迎客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)、托天松(song)(song)(song)，母子松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)。最使人(ren)嘆為觀止的是(shi)“擎天探海(hai)松(song)(song)(song)”，其松(song)(song)(song)立于石階半(ban)道，樹(shu)身枝(zhi)分兩杈(cha)，—權刺向青天，—權橫瞰群峰。主(zhu)要(yao)的懸崖(ya)峭(qiao)壁有：千(qian)仞(ren)壁、舍(she)身壁、鷹嘴崖(ya)等(deng)(deng)。呈垂(chui)直分布的植被，其色彩和(he)花(hua)色隨季節(jie)變(bian)化。主(zhu)要(yao)建筑有：萬神廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、靈官廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、山神土地廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、二龍(long)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、喬松(song)(song)(song)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、三官廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、火神廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、龍(long)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、黑虎廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、玄天大殿(dian)和(he)太和(he)宮等(deng)(deng)。北武(wu)當山風(feng)景區(qu)開放以(yi)來(lai)，先后(hou)有許(xu)德珩、啟功、周而復(fu)、力毅、臧克家、溥杰、馮(feng)其庸、王(wang)朝(chao)瑞(rui)、吳冠中等(deng)(deng)名人(ren)學者，題詞作畫，留下(xia)千(qian)古佳作，更添武(wu)當風(feng)采。每年農歷(li)三月初一(yi)至(zhi)初三，為北武(wu)當山古廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)期(qi)。據史載，唐(tang)朝(chao)時就“時朝(chao)山進(jin)香者年復(fu)一(yi)年，久盛不衰”。

白馬仙洞景區

白馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞景(jing)區位于(yu)離石(shi)市吳城鎮(zhen)王營(ying)莊村附近(jin)，總面積800公頃。景(jing)區座(zuo)落于(yu)一(yi)個歷史悠久(jiu)、具有(you)神(shen)奇傳說和(he)(he)神(shen)秘色彩(cai)的(de)洞溝深處，景(jing)區內有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)山，勢(shi)如鳳凰(huang)之翼，形勝(sheng)(sheng)冠絕(jue)，名九風山。此(ci)山危峰峭聳(song)、怪(guai)柏蒼松(song)(song)(song)、鳥鳴獸嘯、祥(xiang)云(yun)(yun)紫(zi)霧、氣象萬千。與其相對的(de)韓(han)仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)和(he)(he)起(qi)云(yun)(yun)山海拔分別(bie)為1850米、1941米。遠(yuan)看碧(bi)波萬頃、松(song)(song)(song)濤陣陣。鳳凰(huang)山、起(qi)云(yun)(yun)山、韓(han)仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)是(shi)景(jing)區內三(san)個主(zhu)峰，登高遠(yuan)望(wang)，仙(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)繞綠林、仙(xian)(xian)洞吐紫(zi)氣、游君如身臨(lin)仙(xian)(xian)境。韓(han)仙(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)下(xia)，密林深溝中有(you)一(yi)巨石(shi)，石(shi)后(hou)一(yi)漲清澈的(de)泉(quan)水(shui)是(shi)仙(xian)(xian)馬(ma)飲水(shui)之泉(quan)，泉(quan)水(shui)輕輕，四(si)季長流(liu)，稱(cheng)為“圣(sheng)靈泉(quan)”。景(jing)區內還有(you)長春(chun)巖、快活林、九龍古櫟、孔雀(que)松(song)(song)(song)、三(san)仙(xian)(xian)松(song)(song)(song)等多(duo)處勝(sheng)(sheng)景(jing)。

白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景區(qu)最主要(yao)的景觀即白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位于九(jiu)鳳山(shan)(shan)的山(shan)(shan)腰(yao)蔥郁茂(mao)密的松林中(zhong)(zhong)，古(gu)(gu)碑記(ji)(ji)述：“蓋聞(wen)天下名山(shan)(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，富(fu)麗清幽寥闊(kuo)而奇(qi)絕者多矣，未有(you)若(ruo)石(shi)(shi)郡鳳凰山(shan)(shan)、白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)之(zhi)最焉，”唐之(zhi)初有(you)黑白(bai)(bai)二(er)馬(ma)出(chu)入洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)府，號白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。據地(di)質和(he)文物(wu)專家對其全面勘探發現該洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)屬柳林泉城，地(di)質絕對年(nian)齡約(yue) 1.4億年(nian)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口至洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底(di)長約(yue)500米，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口與洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底(di)相對高差168米，稱之(zhi)為(wei)“華北第一險洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)套(tao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、景中(zhong)(zhong)生景，具有(you)深而險、險而奇(qi)的特(te)色(se)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)懸空石(shi)(shi)，水簾洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)由高瀉下，珍珠(zhu)山(shan)(shan)琳瑯滿目，三(san)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)如入仙(xian)(xian)境、跑(pao)馬(ma)灘寬闊(kuo)奇(qi)險共二(er)十(shi)五(wu)處天然(ran)造形(xing)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)外(wai)有(you)歷代(dai)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑和(he)古(gu)(gu)碑矗立四周(zhou)。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑遺址和(he)石(shi)(shi)碑完(wan)好，字跡清晰，據記(ji)(ji)載歷代(dai)建(jian)有(you)“淵(yuan)濟閣”、 “洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽觀”、 “圣母(mu)殿(dian)”等七處古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑。傳說此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)遠古(gu)(gu)黃帝(di)之(zhi)別宮，周(zhou)朝得道仙(xian)(xian)翁赤松子煉丹之(zhi)所，當地(di)祈(qi)雨之(zhi)圣靈地(di)。為(wei)此，白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是一處有(you)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)皇帝(di)鉆過(guo)的洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，有(you)別于任何(he)其它溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的一大歷史特(te)色(se)和(he)文化特(te)色(se)。

云頂山景區

云頂(ding)山(shan)(shan)(shan)位(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)東北側、海拔 2670米，是公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內第二高峰。云頂(ding)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上有(you)一(yi)片廣闊平坦的(de)亞高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草甸。稱為四十(shi)里跑(pao)馬(ma)(ma)營(ying)，相(xiang)傳孝文帝在此早觀日出(chu)，晚送夕陽，午乘駿馬(ma)(ma)射獵。距森林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)2干(gan)米處(chu)，有(you)塊(kuai)天然巨石(shi)形似(si)一(yi)頭臥(wo)著的(de)雄獅，周圍是翠(cui)綠(lv)的(de)油松和楊樹、綠(lv)灌(guan)叢生，花草滿地，石(shi)獅迎著西下的(de)夕陽。天門(men)山(shan)(shan)(shan)位(wei)于(yu)八道溝、此處(chu)森林茂密，奇(qi)峰突起(qi)、怪石(shi)嶙峋。

旅游指南

交通路線

線路1：北京(jing)503公里－太原187公里－呂梁(liang)地(di)

線路2：石家莊221公里(li)－太原(yuan)187公里(li)－呂梁地(di)區關帝山國家森林(lin)公園