簡介
雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan),舊名(ming)亭山(shan),亦作(zuo)歷(li)山(shan),又名(ming)鳳臺山(shan)。坐落在和縣西北約20公里處(chu)。群山(shan)環拱,一峰獨雄,狀若雞(ji)籠(long),故(gu)名(ming)雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)。道家《洞天福地(di)記(ji)》稱其為“第四十二(er)福地(di)”,素(su)有“江(jiang)北第一名(ming)山(shan)”之(zhi)稱。山(shan)中遍布參天古樹,面積4500公頃,立(li)木積蓄16萬立(li)方米(mi)。迂(yu)回(hui)于山(shan)間(jian)小道,目不見天,宛如置身碧海(hai),為國家級森(sen)林公園。
氣候
雞籠山國家森林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)安徽和縣(xian)境內,公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)植被茂密,綠樹成蔭,氣(qi)(qi)候宜(yi)人(ren),空氣(qi)(qi) 清新,屬于(yu)北亞熱帶氣(qi)(qi)候,所(suo)以夏季來(lai)這里旅(lv)游(you)是最佳的季節。住宿雞籠山國家森林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)安徽和縣(xian)城西北25公(gong)里處,到這里進(jin)香的香客(ke)可以住在風林(lin)(lin)禪院里,其他的游(you)客(ke)可以到和縣(xian)或者到含山入(ru)住,也可以到附近不遠(yuan)的華陽洞景區褒禪山度假村(cun)下榻。
宗教
道家杜光庭所著(zhu)《洞(dong)(dong)天福地記》,稱雞(ji)籠山(shan)為(wei)“第四十(shi)二福地”。因其山(shan)巒連綿,上冠巨(ju)石,狀(zhuang)似蓮花(hua),為(wei)“一州奇(qi)勝”。山(shan)上有“三(san)清殿”、“南天門(men)”、“一線天”、“溶巖洞(dong)(dong)”、“百歲缺”諸景點。相傳,東漢(han)末年,高僧金(jin)佛(fo)、金(jin)乾、金(jin)坤三(san)兄弟(di),在此悟道成佛(fo)。后人為(wei)之(zhi)興(xing)殿名“三(san)清殿”。奉為(wei)三(san)毛祖師,塑像(xiang)供于(yu)殿中,殿內兩旁(pang)為(wei)十(shi)八羅(luo)漢(han)。內懸(xuan)大(da)鐘一口(kou),重千斤(jin);大(da)鼓一面(mian),鼓面(mian)直徑近2米。
每(mei)逢朔望(wang)之日,各地群眾(zhong)前往(wang)朝山拜(bai)佛,絡繹不絕,故有“江北(bei)小九華”之稱。歷代有李(li)白、許渾、李(li)思(si)聰、楊萬里、賀(he)鑄、朱(zhu)元璋、莊昶、王元翰、戴重(zhong)、湯懋綱(gang)等,都留有題(ti)詠(yong)。其(qi)中:李(li)白《歷陽壯士勤將軍名界齊歌(ge)》詩(shi)曰(yue):“太(tai)古歷陽郡(jun),化為洪川(chuan)在。江山憂郁盤,龍虎秘光彩。蓄泄數千(qian)載,風云何(he)。特生勤將軍,神力百夫倍。”唐許渾《題(ti)勤尊師歷陽山居》詩(shi)曰(yue):“二十知兵(bing)在羽(yu)林,中年潛識子(zi)房心。蒼鷹出塞邊塵靜,白鶴還(huan)鄉楚(chu)水(shui)深(shen)。春坼酒瓶浮(fu)藥氣(qi),晚攜(xie)棋局帶松蔭。雞籠(long)山上去多(duo)處,自屬斤(jin)黃精不可尋。”
朱(zhu)元(yuan)璋《登雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)》詩曰:“罷(ba)獵西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坐擁(yong)旗(qi),一(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)出(chu)地萬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)卑。崔巍巨石如天柱,撐著老天天自知。”唐初,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下,寺(si)廟(miao)甚多(duo)。后歷經兵亂,原有建(jian)(jian)筑被毀(hui)(hui)較多(duo)。建(jian)(jian)國(guo)后,尚存寺(si)廟(miao)37間,內供大小佛像百余尊,有僧數十(shi)眾。“文化大革命”中,寺(si)廟(miao)及佛像均被毀(hui)(hui)。1978年后,縣人民政府撥款重修,將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂道路(lu),用石條(tiao)重鋪,并加鋼管欄桿。鳳林禪(chan)寺(si),亦修葺一(yi)新,內塑(su)佛像七尊。現存有民國(guo)13年(1924)《鳳林禪(chan)寺(si)碑記》碑刻一(yi)塊,每年接(jie)待來山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)香客游人甚多(duo)。
雞籠山
雞(ji)(ji)籠(long)山(shan)原(yuan)名亭山(shan),歷山(shan),又名風(feng)臺山(shan),位(wei)于(yu)和(he)縣城(cheng)西北25公里的巢(chao)寧公路北側。雞(ji)(ji)籠(long)山(shan)群巒連綿,主峰海拔(ba)275 米,頂冠巨石,狀若雞(ji)(ji)籠(long),群山(shan)環抱。雞(ji)(ji)籠(long)山(shan)國家級森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園,主要有(you)(you)風(feng)林(lin)(lin)禪寺、花山(shan)、陡沿(yan)和(he)如方山(shan)等景區。山(shan)上有(you)(you)“南天門”、“一線(xian)天”、“百歲(sui)缺”等景點,幽(you)險(xian)奇絕,蔚為壯觀(guan)。“百歲(sui)缺”為懸崖(ya)裂縫,口(kou)近二(er)尺,常令游人(ren)望而卻步(bu)。因傳(chuan)跨(kua)越此(ci)缺的勇敢者能長(chang)命百歲(sui),故名。
歷史資料
雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)(shan)還是著(zhu)名的道(dao)教、佛教圣地,相(xiang)傳東漢末年金佛、金乾和金坤三(san)兄(xiong)弟曾在(zai)此山(shan)(shan)悟道(dao)成仙,被(bei)后(hou)人奉為(wei)"三(san)毛祖師,供(gong)其塑像于三(san)清(qing)殿之中。唐(tang)末名道(dao)杜光庭所(suo)著(zhu)《洞天福地記(ji)》稱(cheng)雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)天下"第四十二福地。,并在(zai)此布道(dao)傳經。相(xiang)傳宋太(tai)祖趙匡胤曾在(zai)此扎營喜得太(tai)子,特別賜(si)"淳熙觀"匾額為(wei)"壽寧宮"。由(you)于歷(li)代(dai)兵火洗劫,原來(lai)寺觀多毀,現有鳳林(lin)禪寺等得以修(xiu)茸開放。
交通
雖地處內陸,相比(bi)華東各省(sheng)(sheng),經(jing)濟較不發(fa)達(da),交(jiao)通(tong)基(ji)礎設施建設起(qi)步(bu)較晚,但發(fa)展較快,全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)已初步(bu)形成了比(bi)較發(fa)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水、陸、空立體交(jiao)通(tong)網絡,其(qi)中尤以鐵路(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸最為發(fa)達(da),鐵路(lu)(lu)通(tong)車里程(cheng)2500公里以上,居華東首位。鐵路(lu)(lu)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)現有(you)15條(tiao)鐵路(lu)(lu),除京滬、京九(jiu)、隴(long)海(hai)三大(da)過境干(gan)線(xian)外(wai),省(sheng)(sheng)內主要鐵路(lu)(lu)有(you):淮南(nan)煤(mei)炭外(wai)運(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要通(tong)道淮南(nan)鐵路(lu)(lu);連(lian)接長(chang)江(jiang)南(nan)岸工業走廊的(de)(de)(de)(de)寧銅鐵路(lu)(lu);穿(chuan)越皖(wan)南(nan)山(shan)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)皖(wan)贛鐵路(lu)(lu);在(zai)阜陽與“大(da)京九(jiu)”接軌(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濉阜、阜淮、漯阜鐵路(lu)(lu);連(lian)接皖(wan)、贛、鄂三省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸大(da)動脈合九(jiu)鐵路(lu)(lu);“華東第(di)二通(tong)道”宣杭鐵路(lu)(lu)等。即將于2001年竣工通(tong)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅九(jiu)鐵路(lu)(lu)建成后(hou),將形成東起(qi)上海(hai),西(xi)抵(di)武漢(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沿江(jiang)鐵路(lu)(lu)大(da)動脈,正在(zai)建設中的(de)(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)部(bu)大(da)開發(fa)十大(da)工程(cheng)之一”的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)合鐵路(lu)(lu)將再造一條(tiao)東起(qi)上海(hai),西(xi)抵(di)寧夏中衛的(de)(de)(de)(de)“隴(long)海(hai)新(xin)干(gan)線(xian)”。
合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)、蚌埠、阜(fu)陽是重要的鐵路樞紐。公路以省(sheng)(sheng)會合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)為總樞紐,與(yu)淮南、阜(fu)陽、蚌埠、宿縣、蕪(wu)湖、安慶、宣州(zhou)、黃山(shan)(shan)等地市聯接線(xian)為主干,構成通往全省(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)市縣的公路網。現有(you)國道9條,省(sheng)(sheng)道66條,總長(chang)(chang)度達1.22萬公里(li)。全省(sheng)(sheng)已建(jian)成合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)—南京(jing)、合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)—蕪(wu)湖、合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)—銅(tong)(tong)陵(ling)3條高速公路和銅(tong)(tong)陵(ling)長(chang)(chang)江公路大橋(qiao)、蕪(wu)湖長(chang)(chang)江公路、鐵路兩用橋(qiao)(2000年底通車)。水路安徽省(sheng)(sheng)水路交通主要有(you)長(chang)(chang)江航線(xian)和淮河航線(xian)。長(chang)(chang)江航線(xian)上(shang)的蕪(wu)湖、銅(tong)(tong)陵(ling)、馬鞍山(shan)(shan)、安慶港(gang)(gang)為國家一類開(kai)放口(kou)岸(an),池州(zhou)港(gang)(gang)為二類開(kai)放口(kou)岸(an)。
蕪(wu)湖(hu)朱家橋(qiao)外(wai)貿專用(yong)碼頭可停泊萬噸級海(hai)輪(lun),裕溪(xi)口(kou)煤碼頭是長(chang)江(jiang)上主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的煤炭輸出(chu)港(gang)。淮河航(hang)(hang)(hang)道西(xi)起(qi)三河尖,經正陽關、鳳(feng)臺、淮南、蚌埠(bu)、五河、至紅山(shan)頭入洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu),全(quan)長(chang)370公(gong)里(li),上至正陽關、下達長(chang)江(jiang),全(quan)年(nian)通(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)(hang),干(gan)流(liu)客運(yun)以蚌埠(bu)、淮南為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)港(gang)口(kou)。航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)合肥(fei)為(wei)本(ben)省航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)中心,駱(luo)崗機(ji)(ji)場位于市(shi)西(xi)南郊(jiao)9公(gong)里(li)處,已開通(tong)(tong)北京、上海(hai)、廣州、汕頭、深圳、海(hai)口(kou)、福州、廈門、西(xi)安(an)、成都、武漢、鄭州、濟(ji)南等23條國(guo)內干(gan)線以及(ji)至香港(gang)的定(ding)期包機(ji)(ji),省內可通(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)(hang)黃(huang)山(shan)、阜(fu)陽等市(shi)。著名(ming)風(feng)景區黃(huang)山(shan)也(ye)是省內重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的對外(wai)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)港(gang),與(yu)國(guo)內18個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)旅游城市(shi)直航(hang)(hang)(hang)。此外(wai),安(an)慶、阜(fu)陽、蕪(wu)湖(hu)、蚌埠(bu)等城市(shi)也(ye)有民(min)用(yong)或聯(lian)航(hang)(hang)(hang)機(ji)(ji)場
主要景點
雞籠山國家(jia)森林公園(yuan)道教宮(gong)觀(guan)(guan)是(shi)原(yuan)唐(tang)代(dai)貞觀(guan)(guan)二年(nian)(nian)(628)創建的玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)中的僅存(cun)一殿(dian)。宋大中祥符(fu)八年(nian)(nian)(1015)重修(xiu),后歷代(dai)屢有修(xiu)葺。重 檐歇山頂,原(yuan)面闊(kuo)五(wu)間,進深四楹,后擴為面闊(kuo)七間,進深六楹,斗拱與椽檁之間繪有道教圖畫,殿(dian)內有木石連(lian)接的石柱二十根(gen),柱礎為蓮花覆盆(pen),正中昔奉三(san)清(qing)塑像。殿(dian)東(dong)廂(xiang)豎有宋徽宗瘦金書(shu)《神霄玉清(qing)萬壽宮(gong)碑(bei)》、宋孝宗《賜少傅孫俊卿(qing)禮碑(bei)》,并鐫孝宗御(yu)(yu)札和(he)陳俊卿(qing)謝恩(en)表(biao)文,另有蘇軾、文天祥等人題刻,參差(cha)排列(lie),古(gu)樸典雅(ya)。三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)該道教廟(miao)觀(guan)(guan)建筑群包括山門、三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)、通(tong)明殿(dian)、九御(yu)(yu)殿(dian)、四官殿(dian)、文昌殿(dian)和(he)五(wu)帝廟(miao)、東(dong)岳(yue)殿(dian)、五(wu)顯(xian)廟(miao)、西岳(yue)殿(dian)等,規模宏(hong)大。宋代(dai)名(ming)“天慶觀(guan)(guan)”,元代(dai)更名(ming)“玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)”,清(qing)代(dai)因(yin)避康熙皇帝玄(xuan)燁諱,改稱(cheng)“元妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)”。
三(san)清殿系重檐歇山造(zao)(zao)。宋大中祥(xiang)符八年(nian)(1015年(nian))重建(jian)(jian)。明(ming)崇禎十三(san)年(nian)(1640年(nian))修建(jian)(jian)。原(yuan)面(mian)寬(kuan)五間(jian),明(ming)擴為(wei)七(qi)間(jian),進(jin)深六間(jian),殿內豎有20根木石連接大柱,基(ji)本(ben)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)保存(cun)北宋原(yuan)貌,與福(fu)州華(hua)(hua)林寺(si)、寧波保國寺(si)并稱為(wei)江(jiang)南(nan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)之華(hua)(hua)。其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)結構(gou)(gou)可與宋代李誡著的(de)《營造(zao)(zao)法式(shi)》一書相印證。許多研究古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)專家考(kao)察后對(dui)三(san)清殿的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)結構(gou)(gou)予以(yi)很高的(de)評價(jia),贊譽它是(shi)中國現存(cun)的(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)稀有的(de)杰作(zuo)。據證實(shi),日本(ben)國“大佛樣”建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)的(de)結構(gou)(gou),就是(shi)仿照三(san)清殿和華(hua)(hua)林寺(si)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)的(de)。
三(san)清殿東面的(de)(de)東岳殿,今仍保存著(zhu)宋代龍柱,明代梁架結構,梁架上(shang)彩(cai)繪著(zhu)道教(jiao)圖案,是南方(fang)(fang)罕(han)見的(de)(de)古建實物。三(san)清殿和東岳殿之間(jian)的(de)(de)庭(ting)院,現已辟為(wei)“碑(bei)園”,集中存放著(zhu)從(cong)全市各地收集來的(de)(de)碑(bei)碣(jie)石刻(ke)。其中有宋徽宗手書《神霄玉清萬壽宮碑(bei)》;宋孝(xiao)宗《賜少傅陳俊卿札碑(bei)》和陳俊卿的(de)(de)謝(xie)恩表文碑(bei)。還有宋初大文豪王禹稱撰(zhuan)寫的(de)(de)《陳仁壁墓碑(bei)》,方(fang)(fang)昭書的(de)(de)記載宋代海外(wai)交通貿(mao)易情形的(de)(de)《祥(xiang)應廟記碑(bei)》等(deng)。此外(wai),尚(shang)有蘇軾、文天祥(xiang)、周(zhou)瑛(ying)等(deng)歷史(shi)名人的(de)(de)題刻(ke),薈集著(zhu)真、草、篆、隸等(deng)各體書法,琳瑯(lang)滿目(mu),是珍貴的(de)(de)文化遺產。
南天門
南天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)(men)又名(ming)三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)(men)。位于岱(dai)頂西南隅石壁谷上口,是登山盤道頂端(duan),元(yuan)初張(zhang)志純創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)。門(men)(men)為城樓式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),聯書:“門(men)(men)辟(pi)(pi)九霄,仰(yang)步(bu)三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)勝(sheng)跡(ji);階(jie)崇萬級,俯臨千(qian)嶂奇(qi)觀(guan)。”上覆摩空閣,內(nei)(nei)置3尊明(ming)萬歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian)女(nv)神(shen)銅像(xiang)(xiang)。門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)有(you)小院,正(zheng)殿(dian)為三靈侯殿(dian),宋真宗東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)封泰山時建(jian)(jian),祀(si)周(zhou)諫官唐宸、葛雍(yong)、周(zhou)武三人,后改為關帝廟。今置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)岳大(da)(da)帝銅像(xiang)(xiang)。正(zheng)殿(dian)前(qian)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、西配殿(dian),1984年(nian)(nian)重建(jian)(jian),內(nei)(nei)供(gong)明(ming)萬歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian)女(nv)神(shen)銅像(xiang)(xiang)。正(zheng)殿(dian)后是新辟(pi)(pi)觀(guan)景臺,石欄半圍,開闊(kuo)寬敞,可(ke)瞻岱(dai)陰諸景。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)坊(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)北,為乾隆行宮及唐代文(wen)學家蘇源明(ming)讀書處(chu)遺址。民國年(nian)(nian)間(jian)山民在此(ci)(ci)筑(zhu)茅屋客(ke)店,均以(yi)(yi)木(mu)雕(diao)“雙升”、“棒槌”、“金(jin)鐘(zhong)”、“木(mu)碗”、“鸚鵡”等(deng)為招(zhao)牌。建(jian)(jian)國后,逐漸改建(jian)(jian),均廢(fei)。至(zhi)80年(nian)(nian)代,陸(lu)續改造了天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)路(lu)(lu)面,增設觀(guan)景臺、扶(fu)手墻。自(zi)西而東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)建(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)飯店、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)旅(lv)社、過街(jie)閣、蓬元(yuan)商店、泰安市工藝(yi)美術招(zhao)待所(suo)、泰安市文(wen)物商店、白云(yun)居旅(lv)社等(deng)。如今道路(lu)(lu)平整,殿(dian)宇毗(pi)連,似(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上街(jie)市。象鼻峰東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)青云(yun)洞。傳(chuan)陰雨天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞內(nei)(nei)生青煙,與白云(yun)洞之云(yun)相遇即(ji)雨遍(bian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下。俗稱(cheng)《春(chun)秋公羊(yang)傳(chuan)》所(suo)載“觸石而出,膚(fu)寸而合,不崇朝而遍(bian)雨乎天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下者(zhe),唯泰山爾”,即(ji)指此(ci)(ci)地。虎頭崖東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為避風巖,向陽背(bei)風而名(ming)。廟西有(you)崇崗,傳(chuan)呂洞賓常登此(ci)(ci),故名(ming)登仙臺。廟前(qian)盤道西舊有(you)萬壽宮,明(ming)萬歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian)建(jian)(jian),祀(si)九蓮菩(pu)薩(sa)孝(xiao)定皇太(tai)后銅像(xiang)(xiang);崇禎年(nian)(nian)間(jian)增祀(si)智上菩(pu)薩(sa)孝(xiao)純皇太(tai)后銅像(xiang)(xiang)。碧霞祠(ci)(ci)位于天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)首,系元(yuan)君上廟,為泰山最(zui)大(da)(da)的高(gao)山古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,宋大(da)(da)中祥(xiang)符年(nian)(nian)間(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian),金(jin)碧輝煌,儼然天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上宮闕。祠(ci)(ci)為二進(jin)院落,以(yi)(yi)照壁、金(jin)藏庫、南神(shen)門(men)(men)、大(da)(da)山門(men)(men)、香(xiang)亭(ting)、大(da)(da)殿(dian)為中軸線,兩側為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西神(shen)門(men)(men)、鐘(zhong)鼓樓、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西御碑(bei)亭(ting)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西配殿(dian)。
一線天
在九曲(qu)溪二曲(qu)南(nan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)幽邃(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)峽(xia)谷里,有一(yi)(yi)座巍(wei)然挺立的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨石,長數百丈,高千(qian)仞,名“靈巖(yan)(yan)”。巖(yan)(yan)端(duan)傾(qing)斜而出,覆蓋著三(san)個(ge)毗鄰(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong):左為(wei)靈巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong),中(zhong)為(wei)風(feng)洞(dong),右(you)為(wei)伏(fu)羲洞(dong)。從伏(fu)羲洞(dong)而入巖(yan)(yan)內(nei),到(dao)了深處,抬頭仰望,但見巖(yan)(yan)頂裂開一(yi)(yi)罅,就像是利斧劈開一(yi)(yi)樣,相(xiang)去不滿一(yi)(yi)尺,長約一(yi)(yi)百多米,從中(zhong)漏進天(tian)光一(yi)(yi)線,宛(wan)如跨空碧虹,這就是令人嘆為(wei)“鬼斧神工之奇”的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)線天(tian)。
一(yi)線天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)由(you)(you)來,民間傳說頗多。有的(de)(de)(de)說這是(shi)桃(tao)花女用(yong)繡花針劃開的(de)(de)(de);有的(de)(de)(de)說這是(shi)伏羲(xi)大(da)神用(yong)玉斧所劈。但據科學分(fen)析(xi)認為(wei),武夷山的(de)(de)(de)紅色巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層,是(shi)由(you)(you)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)交(jiao)間成(cheng)層的(de)(de)(de),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)性比(bi)較(jiao)松脆。在地(di)殼抬升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層受(shou)到不均勻的(de)(de)(de)應壓力的(de)(de)(de)影響,就(jiu)(jiu)產生輕微的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)裂(lie),形成(cheng)所謂的(de)(de)(de)“節理”。這種垂直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)節理,也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)微小的(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)隙,在流(liu)水的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)年(nian)累月的(de)(de)(de)溶解和侵蝕下,就(jiu)(jiu)逐漸(jian)(jian)地(di)擴大(da),延(yan)長(chang)。而巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層底部質地(di)松軟的(de)(de)(de)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),也就(jiu)(jiu)逐漸(jian)(jian)侵蝕而去,成(cheng)為(wei)扁(bian)淺的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)洞(dong)。于是(shi),三(san)洞(dong)并列,一(yi)線見天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然奇觀(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)出現(xian)了。在伏羲(xi)洞(dong)中(zhong)觀(guan)賞一(yi)線天(tian),沿(yan)石罅(xia)右行約數十(shi)步,就(jiu)(jiu)可以折(zhe)入風洞(dong)。涼風從石罅(xia)中(zhong)習習吹(chui)來,即使是(shi)盛暑時節到此,稍坐片刻,也會感到肌骨透涼。
洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口石壁(bi)(bi)上的“風(feng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)”二字,十分醒目(mu),為宋徐自強所書。出(chu)了(le)風(feng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),再繞過一道(dao)石廊,就是(shi)(shi)靈巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)。相(xiang)傳先前(qian)有(you)個姓葛(ge)的仙人(ren),曾在此降妖,故此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)又稱葛(ge)仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內有(you)一口古井,叫圣水井。一線天(tian)南(nan)面,與之相(xiang)對立的,是(shi)(shi)樓(lou)閣巖(yan)(yan)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一座壁(bi)(bi)立如屏的石巖(yan)(yan),半壁(bi)(bi)上有(you)幾(ji)處洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴,相(xiang)傳這(zhe)(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)所謂的神仙樓(lou)閣。在它左(zuo)邊,又有(you)一巖(yan)(yan),名蘭巖(yan)(yan)。巖(yan)(yan)壁(bi)(bi)石刻縱橫。巖(yan)(yan)下一石,倚(yi)于崖壁(bi)(bi),石徑伸入其間,如同(tong)一道(dao)關隘,號(hao)稱天(tian)門。巖(yan)(yan)前(qian)的亂石堆中(zhong)還有(you)一個妙趣橫生(sheng)的螺螄洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。
附近美食
1.麻酥(su)(su)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang):徽州特色(se)名細糕點。麻酥(su)(su)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)從南宋(song)流傳(chuan)至(zhi)今為傳(chuan)統名品(pin)。它是用炒熟(shu)的(de)(de)芝麻研(yan)粉和(he)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)加料制成(cheng)(cheng),用一張小(xiao)紅(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)包成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)方形,小(xiao)紅(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)上印有店家的(de)(de)招牌,其(qi)味香(xiang)甜(tian)、質感松軟。麻酥(su)(su)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)精(jing)品(pin)稱為“頂市(shi)酥(su)(su)”。頂市(shi)酥(su)(su)采(cai)用脫殼的(de)(de)白芝麻、白糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),配以(yi)少量的(de)(de)面粉或米粉,拌以(yi)飴糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)精(jing)制而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)白中(zhong)顯黃,抓起成(cheng)(cheng)塊,提起成(cheng)(cheng)帶,進嘴甜(tian)酥(su)(su),滿(man)口噴香(xiang),不粘(zhan)牙不粘(zhan)紙(zhi)(zhi),老幼皆(jie)宜。徽州習俗(su),過年(nian)時家家都把小(xiao)紅(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)包糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)裝(zhuang)在果子(zi)盒里招待客人,到親(qin)戚家去拜年(nian)一定要送上麻酥(su)(su)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。徽州民諺(yan)曰(yue):“拜年(nian)不帶麻酥(su)(su)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),請(qing)君不要進廳(ting)堂”。
2.豆豉:風(feng)味小吃。以上等的(de)黃(huang)(huang)豆和鮮筍為原料,制作時先(xian)將(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)豆和剝(bo)殼后(hou)的(de)鮮筍洗凈,并將(jiang)輔料:食鹽、八角和茴香等按比例(li)拌在一起,倒進鍋里煮熟為止,然后(hou)曬(shai)干(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan),成(cheng)(cheng)為半成(cheng)(cheng)品。將(jiang)半成(cheng)(cheng)品放入用精制醬(jiang)油、味精等配(pei)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)調料中攪(jiao)拌均勻(yun),再曬(shai)干(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan)即成(cheng)(cheng)。豆豉鮮美(mei)無比,風(feng)味獨(du)特。便于攜帶,營養豐富,是旅游小吃佳品。
3.苞(bao)蘆(lu)松(song):苞(bao)蘆(lu)松(song)是著名(ming)零食(shi)性小(xiao)吃。用(yong)(yong)山(shan)區的山(shan)苞(bao)蘆(lu)為主原料制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。山(shan)苞(bao)蘆(lu)為山(shan)上種植(zhi)的一種玉米,生長(chang)期(qi)約(yue)140天,其味甜清(qing)(qing),營(ying)養成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份高。將山(shan)玉米磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細粉,經(jing)細粉籮篩去皮層,和水(shui)攪拌煮成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)糊狀,經(jing)冷卻凝固再用(yong)(yong)特制(zhi)的弓刨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄片(pian),然后(hou)將薄片(pian)置于竹匾上曬干即成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。食(shi)用(yong)(yong)時,將薄片(pian)投(tou)入滾油(you)中炸,薄片(pian)舒展膨脹上浮(fu)即可撈起。苞(bao)蘆(lu)松(song)清(qing)(qing)香(xiang)松(song)脆(cui),宜(yi)作茶食(shi)及佐餐食(shi)品。
4.葛(ge)(ge)粉(fen)圓(yuan)(yuan)子(zi):徽(hui)(hui)州(zhou)山區風味(wei)小(xiao)吃。徽(hui)(hui)州(zhou)山區盛產葛(ge)(ge)根,性涼味(wei)甜(tian)。葛(ge)(ge)根榨洗出粉(fen)名葛(ge)(ge)粉(fen),又名山粉(fen),徽(hui)(hui)州(zhou)民間(jian)常用以(yi)制作點(dian)心類食品。葛(ge)(ge)粉(fen) 圓(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)是(shi)將豬肥膘、白糖等做成圓(yuan)(yuan)球(qiu)狀餡心,先(xian)滾(gun)上(shang)一層葛(ge)(ge)粉(fen),如此(ci)三四次,然(ran)后上(shang)籠(long),蒸(zheng)至外皮呈黑色發亮并有(you)小(xiao)泡時即(ji)成。此(ci)圓(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)質(zhi)地柔(rou)韌有(you)勁,味(wei)香甜(tian),有(you)清心明目之效。
5.屯溪醉蟹:屯溪風味(wei)小(xiao)吃名品。制法:原料為(wei)每只(zhi)重三兩的活蟹共四只(zhi),醬油、徽州(zhou)風光酒(jiu)、蒜(suan)瓣(ban)、姜、冰糖(tang)、花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)、鹽(yan)、高粱酒(jiu)若干。將蟹洗刷干凈(jing),瀝盡水(shui);取(qu)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)兩,精(jing)鹽(yan)一(yi)斤,下鍋炒至出香,盛出涼透,稱取(qu)四錢使用。把姜拍松,取(qu)蟹撇開臍(qi)蓋(gai)(gai),用手擠出臍(qi)底污(wu)物,放一(yi)小(xiao)撮鹽(yan),花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)粒后(hou)合(he)上。然后(hou)掰下蟹爪尖一(yi)個,從臍(qi)蓋(gai)(gai)上部扎(zha)進以釘牢臍(qi)蓋(gai)(gai),并(bing)放入(ru)(ru)小(xiao)壇內。取(qu)醬油倒入(ru)(ru)壇內,再加(jia)徽州(zhou)風光酒(jiu)(或黃山蜜酒(jiu))、姜塊、蒜(suan)瓣(ban)、冰糖(tang),最后(hou)倒入(ru)(ru)高粱酒(jiu),用油紙(zhi)蓋(gai)(gai)壇口(kou)密(mi)封。一(yi)個星(xing)期后(hou)即可開壇食(shi)用。蟹色青(qing)微泛黃,味(wei)甜,有濃郁酒(jiu)香。可原壇購買,作為(wei)禮品饋贈親友(you)
6.黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)河螺絲:黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)風味小(xiao)吃。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)市境內溪水清(qing)澈,淺底盡(jin)沙,沒有污染,所產之螺螄,質地高出(chu)田(tian)螺一籌。肉青白(bai)細嫩,且無泥腥氣(qi)。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)河螺略小(xiao)于田(tian)螺,加工時,先(xian)剪去(qu)其尾端,配上油、鹽、蔥(cong)、姜(jiang)、醋,入鍋燒(shao)炒(chao),滋(zi)味特別鮮美(mei),深受食客喜愛。