簡介
雞(ji)籠(long)山,舊(jiu)名亭山,亦作歷山,又名鳳臺山。坐落在和縣西北約20公里處(chu)。群(qun)山環(huan)拱,一(yi)峰獨(du)雄,狀若雞(ji)籠(long),故(gu)名雞(ji)籠(long)山。道家《洞天福地(di)記(ji)》稱其為(wei)“第四十二福地(di)”,素有“江北第一(yi)名山”之稱。山中遍布參天古樹,面積(ji)4500公頃(qing),立木積(ji)蓄16萬立方米。迂回于(yu)山間小道,目不見天,宛如置身碧海,為(wei)國家級森林公園。
氣候
雞籠(long)山(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)位于安徽(hui)和(he)縣境(jing)內(nei),公(gong)園(yuan)植被茂(mao)密,綠(lv)樹成蔭,氣(qi)(qi)候宜人,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi) 清新(xin),屬于北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶氣(qi)(qi)候,所以(yi)夏季來這(zhe)里(li)(li)旅游是(shi)最佳的季節。住(zhu)宿雞籠(long)山(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)位于安徽(hui)和(he)縣城西北(bei)25公(gong)里(li)(li)處(chu),到(dao)這(zhe)里(li)(li)進(jin)香的香客可以(yi)住(zhu)在風林(lin)(lin)禪院里(li)(li),其他的游客可以(yi)到(dao)和(he)縣或者到(dao)含山(shan)入住(zhu),也可以(yi)到(dao)附近不遠的華陽洞景區褒禪山(shan)度假村下榻。
宗教
道(dao)家(jia)杜光庭所著《洞天福(fu)地記》,稱雞籠(long)山為“第四十(shi)二福(fu)地”。因其山巒連綿,上冠巨石,狀似蓮花,為“一州(zhou)奇(qi)勝”。山上有“三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)”、“南天門”、“一線天”、“溶巖(yan)洞”、“百歲缺”諸景點。相(xiang)傳,東漢(han)末(mo)年(nian),高僧(seng)金佛、金乾、金坤三(san)兄弟,在此悟道(dao)成佛。后(hou)人為之興殿(dian)(dian)(dian)名(ming)“三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)”。奉(feng)為三(san)毛祖師(shi),塑像供于殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)兩旁為十(shi)八(ba)羅漢(han)。內(nei)懸大鐘一口,重千(qian)斤(jin);大鼓一面(mian),鼓面(mian)直徑近2米(mi)。
每(mei)逢朔望之(zhi)日(ri),各地群眾前往(wang)朝(chao)山(shan)拜佛(fo),絡繹不絕,故有(you)“江北小九華”之(zhi)稱。歷(li)(li)代(dai)有(you)李(li)白、許渾(hun)、李(li)思聰(cong)、楊萬里、賀(he)鑄、朱元(yuan)璋、莊(zhuang)昶、王元(yuan)翰、戴重、湯懋綱等,都留(liu)有(you)題詠。其中(zhong):李(li)白《歷(li)(li)陽(yang)壯士勤(qin)(qin)將(jiang)軍名界齊歌(ge)》詩曰(yue):“太古(gu)歷(li)(li)陽(yang)郡(jun),化為洪川(chuan)在。江山(shan)憂郁盤(pan),龍(long)虎秘光彩。蓄泄數(shu)千載(zai),風(feng)云何。特生勤(qin)(qin)將(jiang)軍,神力(li)百夫倍(bei)。”唐許渾(hun)《題勤(qin)(qin)尊師歷(li)(li)陽(yang)山(shan)居》詩曰(yue):“二十知兵在羽林,中(zhong)年潛識子房心。蒼鷹出塞邊塵靜,白鶴還鄉(xiang)楚(chu)水深。春坼酒瓶浮(fu)藥(yao)氣,晚(wan)攜(xie)棋局帶松蔭(yin)。雞籠山(shan)上去多處,自屬斤黃精(jing)不可尋(xun)。”
朱元璋《登雞籠山(shan)》詩曰:“罷獵西山(shan)坐擁旗,一山(shan)出地萬山(shan)卑(bei)。崔巍巨石如(ru)天(tian)(tian)柱,撐(cheng)著老(lao)天(tian)(tian)天(tian)(tian)自知。”唐初,山(shan)上山(shan)下,寺(si)(si)廟甚多(duo)。后歷(li)經(jing)兵亂,原有建筑被毀較多(duo)。建國后,尚存(cun)寺(si)(si)廟37間,內(nei)供大小(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)百(bai)余尊,有僧數十眾。“文(wen)化大革命”中(zhong),寺(si)(si)廟及佛(fo)像(xiang)均被毀。1978年后,縣人民政府撥款重修,將山(shan)麓至(zhi)山(shan)頂道路,用石條重鋪(pu),并加鋼(gang)管欄桿。鳳林禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si),亦修葺一新,內(nei)塑佛(fo)像(xiang)七(qi)尊。現(xian)存(cun)有民國13年(1924)《鳳林禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)碑記》碑刻一塊,每(mei)年接待(dai)來山(shan)香客游人甚多(duo)。
雞籠山
雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)原名(ming)亭(ting)山(shan),歷山(shan),又(you)名(ming)風臺山(shan),位(wei)于和縣(xian)城西(xi)北25公(gong)(gong)里的巢寧(ning)公(gong)(gong)路北側。雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)群巒連綿,主峰海拔275 米,頂冠(guan)巨(ju)石(shi),狀若雞(ji)籠(long),群山(shan)環(huan)抱。雞(ji)籠(long)山(shan)國家級(ji)森林公(gong)(gong)園,主要有(you)(you)風林禪(chan)寺、花(hua)山(shan)、陡沿(yan)和如方山(shan)等景區。山(shan)上有(you)(you)“南天門”、“一線(xian)天”、“百(bai)(bai)歲缺”等景點,幽險奇絕,蔚為(wei)壯(zhuang)觀。“百(bai)(bai)歲缺”為(wei)懸(xuan)崖裂縫,口近二尺,常(chang)令游(you)人(ren)望而(er)卻步。因傳跨(kua)越此缺的勇敢者能長命百(bai)(bai)歲,故名(ming)。
歷史資料
雞(ji)籠山還是著名(ming)的(de)道(dao)教(jiao)、佛教(jiao)圣地,相傳東漢末年金佛、金乾(qian)和金坤三(san)兄(xiong)弟曾(ceng)(ceng)在此(ci)山悟道(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian),被(bei)后人奉為"三(san)毛祖師(shi),供其塑像于三(san)清殿之中。唐(tang)末名(ming)道(dao)杜光(guang)庭所(suo)著《洞天福地記》稱(cheng)雞(ji)籠山為天下"第四十(shi)二福地。,并在此(ci)布(bu)道(dao)傳經。相傳宋(song)太(tai)祖趙(zhao)匡胤曾(ceng)(ceng)在此(ci)扎(zha)營喜得(de)太(tai)子,特別賜(si)"淳(chun)熙觀(guan)(guan)"匾額(e)為"壽寧宮"。由于歷代兵火洗劫,原來寺觀(guan)(guan)多毀,現有鳳(feng)林禪(chan)寺等得(de)以修茸開放。
交通
雖地(di)處內陸,相(xiang)比華東(dong)(dong)各省,經(jing)濟較(jiao)(jiao)不發(fa)達(da),交通(tong)基礎設施(shi)建設起(qi)步(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)晚,但發(fa)展較(jiao)(jiao)快,全(quan)省已初(chu)步(bu)形成(cheng)了比較(jiao)(jiao)發(fa)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水、陸、空立體(ti)交通(tong)網絡,其(qi)中尤以(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)輸最為(wei)發(fa)達(da),鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)車里程(cheng)2500公里以(yi)(yi)上,居(ju)華東(dong)(dong)首(shou)位。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)全(quan)省現有15條(tiao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),除京(jing)滬、京(jing)九(jiu)、隴海三大(da)(da)(da)過境干(gan)線(xian)外,省內主要(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有:淮(huai)南(nan)煤炭外運(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)通(tong)道淮(huai)南(nan)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu);連(lian)接長江南(nan)岸工(gong)業走廊的(de)(de)(de)(de)寧銅鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu);穿越皖南(nan)山(shan)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)皖贛鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu);在(zai)(zai)阜陽與“大(da)(da)(da)京(jing)九(jiu)”接軌(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濉(sui)阜、阜淮(huai)、漯阜鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu);連(lian)接皖、贛、鄂三省的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸大(da)(da)(da)動(dong)(dong)脈合九(jiu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu);“華東(dong)(dong)第二通(tong)道”宣杭鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等。即(ji)將(jiang)于2001年竣工(gong)通(tong)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅九(jiu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建成(cheng)后,將(jiang)形成(cheng)東(dong)(dong)起(qi)上海,西(xi)抵武漢的(de)(de)(de)(de)沿江鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)(da)動(dong)(dong)脈,正在(zai)(zai)建設中的(de)(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)部(bu)大(da)(da)(da)開發(fa)十(shi)大(da)(da)(da)工(gong)程(cheng)之(zhi)一”的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)合鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)將(jiang)再造一條(tiao)東(dong)(dong)起(qi)上海,西(xi)抵寧夏中衛的(de)(de)(de)(de)“隴海新(xin)干(gan)線(xian)”。
合(he)(he)肥(fei)、蚌(bang)埠、阜陽(yang)(yang)是重要(yao)的鐵路(lu)(lu)樞(shu)紐。公(gong)路(lu)(lu)以省(sheng)會合(he)(he)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)總(zong)樞(shu)紐,與(yu)淮南、阜陽(yang)(yang)、蚌(bang)埠、宿縣、蕪湖、安慶、宣州、黃山(shan)等地市聯接線為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)干,構成通(tong)往(wang)全(quan)省(sheng)各(ge)市縣的公(gong)路(lu)(lu)網(wang)。現有國(guo)(guo)道(dao)9條,省(sheng)道(dao)66條,總(zong)長度達1.22萬公(gong)里。全(quan)省(sheng)已建(jian)成合(he)(he)肥(fei)—南京、合(he)(he)肥(fei)—蕪湖、合(he)(he)肥(fei)—銅(tong)(tong)陵3條高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)和(he)銅(tong)(tong)陵長江公(gong)路(lu)(lu)大橋、蕪湖長江公(gong)路(lu)(lu)、鐵路(lu)(lu)兩用橋(2000年底通(tong)車)。水(shui)路(lu)(lu)安徽省(sheng)水(shui)路(lu)(lu)交通(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)有長江航(hang)線和(he)淮河(he)航(hang)線。長江航(hang)線上(shang)的蕪湖、銅(tong)(tong)陵、馬鞍山(shan)、安慶港(gang)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家一類開(kai)放口(kou)岸,池州港(gang)為(wei)(wei)二類開(kai)放口(kou)岸。
蕪(wu)湖朱家橋外(wai)貿專用碼頭可停(ting)泊(bo)萬噸級海(hai)輪,裕溪口(kou)煤碼頭是(shi)長(chang)(chang)江上主(zhu)要的(de)煤炭(tan)輸(shu)出港(gang)。淮(huai)河航(hang)道(dao)西起三河尖,經正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)關、鳳臺、淮(huai)南、蚌埠、五河、至(zhi)紅山頭入洪澤湖,全(quan)長(chang)(chang)370公里,上至(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)關、下達(da)長(chang)(chang)江,全(quan)年通(tong)航(hang),干(gan)流客(ke)運以(yi)蚌埠、淮(huai)南為(wei)主(zhu)要港(gang)口(kou)。航(hang)空合肥為(wei)本(ben)省航(hang)空中心,駱(luo)崗機場(chang)(chang)位于市西南郊9公里處,已開通(tong)北(bei)京、上海(hai)、廣(guang)州、汕頭、深(shen)圳、海(hai)口(kou)、福州、廈門、西安、成都、武漢、鄭州、濟(ji)南等23條國內(nei)干(gan)線(xian)以(yi)及至(zhi)香港(gang)的(de)定期包(bao)機,省內(nei)可通(tong)航(hang)黃(huang)山、阜(fu)(fu)陽(yang)等市。著名風景(jing)區(qu)黃(huang)山也是(shi)省內(nei)重要的(de)對外(wai)航(hang)空港(gang),與國內(nei)18個重要旅游城市直航(hang)。此外(wai),安慶、阜(fu)(fu)陽(yang)、蕪(wu)湖、蚌埠等城市也有民用或聯航(hang)機場(chang)(chang)
主要景點
雞籠山國家森林公園道(dao)教宮觀(guan)是(shi)原唐代(dai)(dai)貞觀(guan)二年(628)創建的(de)玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)僅(jin)存一殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。宋(song)大中(zhong)(zhong)祥符(fu)八年(1015)重修,后(hou)歷代(dai)(dai)屢有(you)修葺(qi)。重 檐歇山頂,原面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian),進深(shen)四楹,后(hou)擴(kuo)為面(mian)闊七(qi)間(jian),進深(shen)六楹,斗拱(gong)與(yu)椽(chuan)檁之間(jian)繪有(you)道(dao)教圖畫,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)有(you)木石(shi)連接的(de)石(shi)柱二十根,柱礎為蓮花覆(fu)盆,正中(zhong)(zhong)昔(xi)奉三清塑像。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東廂豎有(you)宋(song)徽(hui)宗瘦金(jin)書《神霄玉清萬壽宮碑》、宋(song)孝(xiao)宗《賜少傅孫(sun)俊卿禮碑》,并鐫孝(xiao)宗御札和(he)陳(chen)俊卿謝恩表(biao)文,另有(you)蘇軾、文天祥等(deng)人題刻,參(can)差排列,古樸典雅。三清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)該道(dao)教廟(miao)觀(guan)建筑群包括山門、三清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、通明殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、九御殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、文昌殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)五(wu)帝廟(miao)、東岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)顯(xian)廟(miao)、西岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng),規(gui)模宏大。宋(song)代(dai)(dai)名(ming)“天慶觀(guan)”,元代(dai)(dai)更名(ming)“玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)”,清代(dai)(dai)因(yin)避康(kang)熙皇帝玄(xuan)燁諱,改(gai)稱“元妙(miao)觀(guan)”。
三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)系重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)造(zao)(zao)。宋大中祥符(fu)八(ba)年(1015年)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。明(ming)崇禎十三年(1640年)修建(jian)(jian)。原面(mian)寬五間(jian),明(ming)擴為(wei)七間(jian),進(jin)深六(liu)間(jian),殿(dian)(dian)內豎有20根木石連接大柱,基本構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)保(bao)存北(bei)宋原貌,與福州(zhou)華林寺(si)、寧波保(bao)國(guo)寺(si)并稱為(wei)江(jiang)南古建(jian)(jian)之華。其建(jian)(jian)筑結構(gou)(gou)可與宋代李誡(jie)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)《營造(zao)(zao)法式》一書相印證。許多研究古建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)家考察后對三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑結構(gou)(gou)予以很高的(de)(de)(de)評價,贊譽它是(shi)中國(guo)現存的(de)(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)稀(xi)有的(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)作。據(ju)證實,日本國(guo)“大佛(fo)樣”建(jian)(jian)筑群的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou),就是(shi)仿照三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)和華林寺(si)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)。
三清殿(dian)(dian)東面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東岳(yue)殿(dian)(dian),今(jin)仍(reng)保存著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宋(song)代(dai)龍(long)柱,明代(dai)梁架(jia)(jia)結構(gou),梁架(jia)(jia)上彩繪著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)道教圖案,是南方罕見的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建實物。三清殿(dian)(dian)和東岳(yue)殿(dian)(dian)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)庭院,現已(yi)辟為“碑(bei)(bei)園”,集中存放著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)從全市各地(di)收集來的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)碣石刻(ke)。其中有宋(song)徽宗手書(shu)《神霄玉清萬壽宮碑(bei)(bei)》;宋(song)孝(xiao)宗《賜少(shao)傅陳(chen)俊(jun)卿札碑(bei)(bei)》和陳(chen)俊(jun)卿的(de)(de)(de)(de)謝(xie)恩(en)表文(wen)(wen)碑(bei)(bei)。還有宋(song)初大文(wen)(wen)豪王禹稱撰寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)《陳(chen)仁(ren)壁墓(mu)碑(bei)(bei)》,方昭書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載宋(song)代(dai)海外交通貿易情形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《祥應廟記碑(bei)(bei)》等。此(ci)外,尚有蘇軾、文(wen)(wen)天祥、周(zhou)瑛(ying)等歷史名人的(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)刻(ke),薈集著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)真(zhen)、草、篆、隸等各體書(shu)法,琳瑯滿目,是珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產。
南天門
南(nan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)(men)又名(ming)三天(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)(men)。位于岱頂(ding)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)隅石壁谷(gu)上(shang)(shang)口,是登山(shan)(shan)盤(pan)道(dao)頂(ding)端,元初張志純創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)城樓式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),聯書(shu):“門(men)(men)辟(pi)九霄,仰(yang)步三天(tian)(tian)(tian)勝跡;階崇萬(wan)級,俯臨千嶂奇觀。”上(shang)(shang)覆(fu)摩(mo)空閣,內(nei)(nei)置3尊(zun)明(ming)萬(wan)歷年(nian)間(jian)女(nv)(nv)神(shen)(shen)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)小院,正(zheng)殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)三靈侯殿(dian),宋真宗東(dong)封泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)時建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),祀周諫(jian)官唐(tang)(tang)宸、葛(ge)雍、周武三人(ren),后(hou)改為(wei)(wei)關(guan)帝(di)廟(miao)(miao)。今(jin)置東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。正(zheng)殿(dian)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian),1984年(nian)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),內(nei)(nei)供(gong)明(ming)萬(wan)歷年(nian)間(jian)女(nv)(nv)神(shen)(shen)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。正(zheng)殿(dian)后(hou)是新辟(pi)觀景(jing)臺(tai),石欄(lan)半圍,開闊(kuo)寬敞,可瞻岱陰諸(zhu)景(jing)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)(jie)坊(fang)東(dong)路(lu)北,為(wei)(wei)乾(qian)隆行宮(gong)(gong)及唐(tang)(tang)代文學(xue)家蘇源明(ming)讀書(shu)處(chu)遺址。民國年(nian)間(jian)山(shan)(shan)民在此(ci)筑(zhu)茅屋(wu)客店(dian),均(jun)以木雕“雙升(sheng)”、“棒槌”、“金(jin)(jin)鐘”、“木碗”、“鸚鵡(wu)”等為(wei)(wei)招牌。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國后(hou),逐漸改建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)廢(fei)。至(zhi)80年(nian)代,陸(lu)續改造(zao)了天(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)(jie)路(lu)面,增設觀景(jing)臺(tai)、扶手墻。自西(xi)(xi)而(er)東(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)(jie)飯店(dian)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)(jie)旅社(she)(she)、過(guo)街(jie)(jie)閣、蓬元商店(dian)、泰(tai)安市(shi)(shi)(shi)工藝(yi)美術招待所、泰(tai)安市(shi)(shi)(shi)文物商店(dian)、白(bai)云(yun)居旅社(she)(she)等。如今(jin)道(dao)路(lu)平整,殿(dian)宇毗連,似天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)街(jie)(jie)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。象(xiang)鼻峰東(dong)有(you)(you)(you)青(qing)(qing)云(yun)洞。傳(chuan)陰雨天(tian)(tian)(tian)洞內(nei)(nei)生青(qing)(qing)煙,與(yu)白(bai)云(yun)洞之云(yun)相遇即(ji)雨遍(bian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)。俗(su)稱《春秋(qiu)公(gong)羊傳(chuan)》所載(zai)“觸石而(er)出,膚寸而(er)合,不崇朝而(er)遍(bian)雨乎天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)者,唯泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)爾”,即(ji)指此(ci)地。虎(hu)頭崖東(dong)為(wei)(wei)避(bi)風巖(yan),向(xiang)陽背(bei)風而(er)名(ming)。廟(miao)(miao)西(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)崇崗,傳(chuan)呂洞賓常(chang)登此(ci),故名(ming)登仙(xian)臺(tai)。廟(miao)(miao)前(qian)盤(pan)道(dao)西(xi)(xi)舊有(you)(you)(you)萬(wan)壽宮(gong)(gong),明(ming)萬(wan)歷年(nian)間(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),祀九蓮菩薩(sa)孝(xiao)(xiao)定(ding)皇太(tai)后(hou)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang);崇禎年(nian)間(jian)增祀智上(shang)(shang)菩薩(sa)孝(xiao)(xiao)純皇太(tai)后(hou)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。碧霞祠位于天(tian)(tian)(tian)街(jie)(jie)東(dong)首,系(xi)元君(jun)上(shang)(shang)廟(miao)(miao),為(wei)(wei)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)最大(da)的高(gao)山(shan)(shan)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,宋大(da)中祥符(fu)年(nian)間(jian)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),金(jin)(jin)碧輝煌,儼然(ran)天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)宮(gong)(gong)闕。祠為(wei)(wei)二進院落,以照壁、金(jin)(jin)藏庫、南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)、大(da)山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)、香亭(ting)、大(da)殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)中軸(zhou)線,兩側為(wei)(wei)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)神(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)、鐘鼓樓、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)御碑亭(ting)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)。
一線天
在九曲溪(xi)二曲南面的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)幽(you)邃的(de)(de)峽(xia)谷里,有一(yi)座巍然(ran)挺立(li)的(de)(de)巨石,長數百丈,高千仞,名“靈巖”。巖端傾斜(xie)而出(chu),覆蓋著三個(ge)毗鄰(lin)的(de)(de)巖洞(dong):左為靈巖洞(dong),中(zhong)為風洞(dong),右為伏羲洞(dong)。從伏羲洞(dong)而入巖內,到了深處(chu),抬頭仰望,但見(jian)巖頂裂開(kai)一(yi)罅,就像是利斧(fu)劈開(kai)一(yi)樣,相去不(bu)滿一(yi)尺,長約一(yi)百多米(mi),從中(zhong)漏進天光(guang)一(yi)線(xian),宛如跨空碧虹(hong),這(zhe)就是令人嘆為“鬼斧(fu)神工之(zhi)奇”的(de)(de)一(yi)線(xian)天。
一(yi)線天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)由來,民間傳說(shuo)頗多。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)這是(shi)(shi)桃花女用繡花針劃開(kai)的(de)(de)(de);有(you)的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)這是(shi)(shi)伏(fu)羲(xi)大(da)神用玉斧所劈。但據科學分析認為(wei),武夷山的(de)(de)(de)紅色(se)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng),是(shi)(shi)由砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)交間成(cheng)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)性(xing)比較松脆。在(zai)地(di)殼抬升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)過程中,巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)受到不(bu)均勻的(de)(de)(de)應壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)影響,就(jiu)產生輕(qing)微的(de)(de)(de)斷裂,形成(cheng)所謂的(de)(de)(de)“節理”。這種(zhong)垂直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)節理,也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)微小的(de)(de)(de)裂隙,在(zai)流水的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)年(nian)累月的(de)(de)(de)溶解和侵蝕(shi)下(xia),就(jiu)逐漸(jian)地(di)擴大(da),延長(chang)。而巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)底部質地(di)松軟的(de)(de)(de)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan),也就(jiu)逐漸(jian)侵蝕(shi)而去,成(cheng)為(wei)扁淺的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)洞(dong)。于是(shi)(shi),三(san)洞(dong)并列,一(yi)線見天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然奇(qi)觀就(jiu)出現了。在(zai)伏(fu)羲(xi)洞(dong)中觀賞一(yi)線天(tian),沿石(shi)罅(xia)右行約數十步(bu),就(jiu)可以折入(ru)風(feng)洞(dong)。涼風(feng)從石(shi)罅(xia)中習習吹來,即使是(shi)(shi)盛暑時節到此(ci),稍(shao)坐片刻(ke),也會感到肌骨(gu)透(tou)涼。
洞(dong)口石壁(bi)上(shang)的“風洞(dong)”二字,十分(fen)醒目(mu),為宋(song)徐自強(qiang)所(suo)(suo)書(shu)。出(chu)了風洞(dong),再繞過一道(dao)石廊,就(jiu)是靈巖(yan)洞(dong)了。相傳(chuan)先前有(you)個姓葛的仙(xian)人,曾在(zai)此降妖,故此洞(dong)又(you)稱葛仙(xian)洞(dong)了。洞(dong)內有(you)一口古井,叫(jiao)圣水井。一線天南面,與之相對立的,是樓閣(ge)巖(yan)。這是一座(zuo)壁(bi)立如屏的石巖(yan),半(ban)壁(bi)上(shang)有(you)幾處洞(dong)穴,相傳(chuan)這就(jiu)是所(suo)(suo)謂的神仙(xian)樓閣(ge)。在(zai)它左(zuo)邊,又(you)有(you)一巖(yan),名蘭(lan)巖(yan)。巖(yan)壁(bi)石刻縱橫。巖(yan)下一石,倚于崖壁(bi),石徑伸入其(qi)間(jian),如同(tong)一道(dao)關隘,號稱天門。巖(yan)前的亂(luan)石堆中還有(you)一個妙趣橫生(sheng)的螺螄洞(dong)。
附近美食
1.麻(ma)(ma)酥糖(tang)(tang):徽(hui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)特(te)色名(ming)細糕(gao)點(dian)。麻(ma)(ma)酥糖(tang)(tang)從南(nan)宋(song)流(liu)傳(chuan)至今(jin)為傳(chuan)統(tong)名(ming)品。它是用炒熟的芝(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)研粉和糖(tang)(tang)加料制成,用一張小紅(hong)(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)包成長方形,小紅(hong)(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)上印有店家的招牌(pai),其味香(xiang)甜(tian)、質感松軟。麻(ma)(ma)酥糖(tang)(tang)中的精品稱(cheng)為“頂市(shi)酥”。頂市(shi)酥采用脫(tuo)殼(ke)的白(bai)芝(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)、白(bai)糖(tang)(tang),配(pei)以少(shao)量的面粉或(huo)米(mi)粉,拌以飴糖(tang)(tang)精制而成。成品白(bai)中顯(xian)黃(huang),抓起成塊,提(ti)起成帶,進嘴甜(tian)酥,滿口噴(pen)香(xiang),不粘牙不粘紙(zhi)(zhi),老幼(you)皆宜。徽(hui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)習俗,過年時家家都把小紅(hong)(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)包糖(tang)(tang)裝在(zai)果子盒里招待客(ke)人(ren),到親戚家去拜年一定(ding)要送上麻(ma)(ma)酥糖(tang)(tang)。徽(hui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)民諺(yan)曰:“拜年不帶麻(ma)(ma)酥糖(tang)(tang),請(qing)君(jun)不要進廳堂”。
2.豆豉:風味小吃(chi)。以上等(deng)(deng)的黃(huang)豆和鮮筍為原料(liao),制作時先將黃(huang)豆和剝(bo)殼(ke)后的鮮筍洗凈,并將輔料(liao):食鹽、八角和茴香等(deng)(deng)按(an)比例拌在一起,倒進鍋里煮熟為止,然后曬干(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan),成為半成品(pin)。將半成品(pin)放(fang)入用精(jing)制醬油、味精(jing)等(deng)(deng)配(pei)成的調料(liao)中(zhong)攪(jiao)拌均勻,再曬干(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan)即成。豆豉鮮美無比,風味獨特(te)。便于攜帶,營(ying)養豐富,是旅游小吃(chi)佳品(pin)。
3.苞蘆(lu)松(song):苞蘆(lu)松(song)是著名零食性小吃。用(yong)山(shan)區的(de)(de)山(shan)苞蘆(lu)為主原料制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)。山(shan)苞蘆(lu)為山(shan)上(shang)種植(zhi)的(de)(de)一種玉米,生長(chang)期(qi)約140天,其(qi)味甜清(qing),營養成(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)高。將(jiang)山(shan)玉米磨成(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉,經細(xi)粉籮篩去皮層,和水攪拌煮成(cheng)(cheng)糊狀,經冷卻凝固再用(yong)特制(zhi)的(de)(de)弓刨成(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片(pian),然后將(jiang)薄(bo)片(pian)置(zhi)于竹匾上(shang)曬干即(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)。食用(yong)時,將(jiang)薄(bo)片(pian)投入(ru)滾油中炸(zha),薄(bo)片(pian)舒(shu)展膨脹上(shang)浮即(ji)可(ke)撈起(qi)。苞蘆(lu)松(song)清(qing)香松(song)脆,宜作茶食及(ji)佐(zuo)餐食品(pin)。
4.葛(ge)粉(fen)圓(yuan)子(zi):徽(hui)州山區(qu)風味(wei)小吃。徽(hui)州山區(qu)盛(sheng)產(chan)葛(ge)根(gen),性涼味(wei)甜。葛(ge)根(gen)榨洗出粉(fen)名葛(ge)粉(fen),又名山粉(fen),徽(hui)州民間(jian)常用以制作點心(xin)類食品(pin)。葛(ge)粉(fen) 圓(yuan)子(zi)是將豬肥膘、白糖(tang)等做成圓(yuan)球狀餡心(xin),先滾上一層葛(ge)粉(fen),如此三四(si)次,然后上籠,蒸(zheng)至外皮呈(cheng)黑(hei)色發亮并有小泡時即(ji)成。此圓(yuan)子(zi)質(zhi)地(di)柔(rou)韌有勁,味(wei)香(xiang)甜,有清(qing)心(xin)明目之(zhi)效(xiao)。
5.屯溪(xi)醉(zui)蟹(xie):屯溪(xi)風(feng)味(wei)小吃名品。制法:原(yuan)料為(wei)每只(zhi)重三兩(liang)的活蟹(xie)共(gong)四只(zhi),醬(jiang)油(you)、徽州風(feng)光(guang)酒(jiu)、蒜(suan)(suan)瓣、姜、冰糖、花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)、鹽、高粱酒(jiu)若干。將(jiang)蟹(xie)洗刷干凈,瀝盡水;取(qu)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang),精鹽一(yi)(yi)斤(jin),下鍋炒(chao)至出香,盛出涼(liang)透,稱取(qu)四錢(qian)使用。把(ba)姜拍(pai)松,取(qu)蟹(xie)撇開(kai)(kai)臍(qi)(qi)蓋(gai)(gai),用手擠出臍(qi)(qi)底污物,放一(yi)(yi)小撮鹽,花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)(yi)粒后(hou)合上。然后(hou)掰下蟹(xie)爪(zhua)尖一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge),從臍(qi)(qi)蓋(gai)(gai)上部扎進以釘牢臍(qi)(qi)蓋(gai)(gai),并(bing)放入(ru)小壇內(nei)。取(qu)醬(jiang)油(you)倒入(ru)壇內(nei),再加(jia)徽州風(feng)光(guang)酒(jiu)(或黃(huang)山(shan)蜜酒(jiu))、姜塊、蒜(suan)(suan)瓣、冰糖,最后(hou)倒入(ru)高粱酒(jiu),用油(you)紙蓋(gai)(gai)壇口(kou)密封。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)星(xing)期后(hou)即可(ke)開(kai)(kai)壇食用。蟹(xie)色青微泛黃(huang),味(wei)甜,有濃郁(yu)酒(jiu)香。可(ke)原(yuan)壇購買,作為(wei)禮品饋贈親友
6.黃(huang)山河螺絲:黃(huang)山風味小吃(chi)。黃(huang)山市(shi)境(jing)內溪水清(qing)澈,淺底盡沙,沒有污染,所產之螺螄,質地高出田螺一籌(chou)。肉青白(bai)細嫩,且無泥(ni)腥氣。黃(huang)山河螺略小于田螺,加工時(shi),先剪去其尾(wei)端,配上油、鹽、蔥、姜、醋,入鍋(guo)燒(shao)炒,滋(zi)味特別鮮(xian)美,深受(shou)食客(ke)喜愛。