簡介
公(gong)園(yuan)是(shi)以森(sen)(sen)林(lin)生態環境為基礎,以仙境文化、險(xian)峰群崮(gu)、溫泉碧湖為特色的(de)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan),是(shi)國(guo)際(ji)品牌——蓬萊(lai)旅游的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分;其主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)功能是(shi)保護與培(pei)育森(sen)(sen)林(lin)資(zi)源(yuan)、開展休閑等多種旅游活動。公(gong)園(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由(you)艾(ai)(ai)崮(gu)山脈組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),主(zhu)(zhu)峰海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)819米,素有(you)(you)膠東“小華山”之譽。艾(ai)(ai)山諸峰,挺拔(ba)(ba)陡峭,如鐵戟直(zhi)刺蒼(cang)穹(qiong),異常險(xian)峻,崮(gu)山山脈山勢逶迤,怪石(shi)嶙峋。艾(ai)(ai)山森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan) 豐富,人文景觀(guan)(guan)內涵深邃(sui)。在自(zi)然(ran)景觀(guan)(guan)資(zi)源(yuan)中,森(sen)(sen)林(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)既有(you)(you)東北(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)區系成(cheng)(cheng)分,又有(you)(you)亞(ya)熱(re)帶和國(guo)外植(zhi)物(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)分,突(tu)出展現了半島森(sen)(sen)林(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)園(yuan)的(de)景觀(guan)(guan)效果。
蓬萊(lai)自古(gu)以“人間仙境”、“山(shan)海名邦”飲譽海內外。丹崖山(shan)上,仙閣凌(ling)空(kong),仙樂繚繞,八仙相聚顯神通(tong);蓬萊(lai)閣下(xia),綠蔭護岸,沙(sha)細浪緩,萬(wan)方(fang)游客織(zhi)太(tai)平。艾山(shan)國家森林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于蓬萊(lai)城(cheng)南(nan)40公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)處,距(ju)煙臺市區(qu)60公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),離威(wei)烏(wu)、同三高速公(gong)(gong)路各15公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),地理位置優越,交通(tong)便利。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)2578.67公(gong)(gong)頃,主峰海拔(ba)高819米,雄偉險峻,被(bei)譽為齊魯第一(yi)險峰,素有“小華(hua)山(shan)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。
公園信息
公園(yuan)名稱: 艾山(shan)國家森林公園(yuan)
所在(zai)省市(shi): 山(shan)東蓬萊市(shi)
公園海拔: 500-1000米
公園(yuan)面積(ji): 2578.67公頃
景區數: 7
景點數(shu): 125
氣候
艾(ai)山(shan)屬暖(nuan)溫帶季(ji)風氣候(hou),春(chun)秋季(ji)節長,夏無(wu)酷暑、冬(dong)無(wu)嚴寒,氣候(hou)宜人(ren),空氣清(qing)新純(chun)凈,是理想(xiang)的天然氧吧和森林旅游(you)、避暑健(jian)體勝地。艾(ai)山(shan)自然條(tiao)件優越(yue),森林覆蓋率(lv)達(da)96.2%,野生資源豐(feng)富,有維管植物820種,各類(lei)野生動物1008種,是天然的生態樂園。艾(ai)山(shan)山(shan)峰(feng)峭立,絕壁如削,溝狹澗深、林海松(song)濤,集險(xian)、奇、幽、秀于一(yi)體,是登(deng)山(shan)探(tan)險(xian)的絕佳(jia)去處。艾(ai)山(shan)林相變(bian)幻豐(feng)富,森林景觀奇特,四季(ji)常綠、三季(ji)花艷,初春(chun)杜鵑盛開,萬(wan)樹吐(tu)綠映紅霞;盛夏槐花漫天,群山(shan)疊翠(cui)飄香雪;金(jin)秋果(guo)滿枝頭,萬(wan)紫千紅溢果(guo)香;深冬(dong)凌(ling)寒掛樹,銀裝素裹襯松(song)翠(cui),是名(ming)副其實的“人(ren)間仙境”后花園。
文化
艾(ai)山文化底蘊豐富,唐王征(zheng)東構成了(le)人(ren)文景觀的(de)主線。
公(gong)園山峰(feng)、奇(qi)石(shi)、泉池、溝溪等景觀無不(bu)與唐王征東有(you)關,如唐王率軍由“梯子口”上山屯兵,到 “東西校場”練兵、“插旗頂”演習(xi)、“蛤蟆(ma)石(shi)”防守(shou),“龍(long)墩”議事,“壽(shou)墩”祝(zhu)壽(shou)以及唐王用劍(jian)刺出(chu)的(de)(de)千年不(bu)涸的(de)(de)泉灣:一劍(jian)泉、劍(jian)刺泉、圣泉神水、飲馬(ma)灣、哈拉灣等;另(ling)外,還有(you)皇姑庵遺址、佛教龍(long)興寺的(de)(de)興衰、八仙怒(nu)指蒼天引來“通天神水”的(de)(de)故事等,使自然景觀人(ren)文(wen)化(hua),甚至神化(hua)。
“回歸(gui)大(da)自然,走(zou)向大(da)森林”,已成為當今旅游的新時尚。在領略了仙山(shan)瓊閣(ge)、海(hai)市(shi)飄渺之后(hou),請到艾山(shan)國家(jia)森林公(gong)園一(yi)(yi)游!融身(shen)于蒼茫林海(hai)之中(zhong),品味(wei)一(yi)(yi)番鳥語花香、萬壑松鳴,伴著古寺鐘聲、高山(shan)流(liu)水,摒除俗(su)心雜念,跳出萬丈(zhang)紅塵(chen),踏踏實實做一(yi)(yi)回“神仙”!
建設規劃
根(gen)據清(qing)華(hua)大學北京清(qing)華(hua)城市規(gui)劃設(she)計院制(zhi)作的《艾(ai)山國家森林(lin)公園總體(ti)規(gui)劃》,艾(ai)山國家級(ji)森林(lin)公園劃分為(wei)(wei):生態(tai)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、生產經(jing)營區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、游(you)(you)樂區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、接待服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、居民生活(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)七(qi)大類功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。旅游(you)(you)項目主要在游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、游(you)(you)樂區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內進行(xing)建設(she)。同(tong)時根(gen)據游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)內容(rong)不同(tong),將游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分為(wei)(wei):森林(lin)游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鄉村游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、歷史文化(hua)游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宗教文化(hua)游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、機動(dong)車游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)、環保車游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)步行(xing)游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)。游(you)(you)樂區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包(bao)括極限運動(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)運動(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)主題莊園。休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包(bao)括濱水度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、溫泉(quan)度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、森林(lin)度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)鄉村度(du)(du)假(jia)(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
森林(lin)公園景區(qu)規(gui)劃
根據清(qing)華大學(xue)北(bei)京清(qing)華城市規劃設(she)計(ji)院(yuan)制(zhi)作《艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園總體規劃》,艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)規劃為“一(yi)核一(yi)環,三重仙境(jing),七(qi)星相輝”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)。“一(yi)核”是(shi)指位(wei)于大劉(liu)家(jia)水(shui)庫周(zhou)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)服務基(ji)地,即碧(bi)湖服務基(ji)地。“一(yi)環”指艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)覽線路組織環繞(rao)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)覽大環線。依據資源分布特點(dian)、資源類型(xing)以及旅(lv)游(you)產(chan)品(pin)開發(fa)方向將艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園劃分成(cheng)三重仙境(jing),體現(xian)艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園作為“天(tian)上仙境(jing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間特點(dian)。這(zhe)三個(ge)仙境(jing)在高(gao)度上形成(cheng)高(gao)、中、低三個(ge)層次,依次為艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)庭(ting)仙境(jing)”、崮(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“王(wang)者(zhe)仙境(jing)”和溝(gou)谷(gu)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“桃(tao)源仙境(jing)”。每個(ge)仙境(jing)根據各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主題開展不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)產(chan)品(pin),在三個(ge)仙境(jing)之間由茂密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)相聯系,可以開展生(sheng)態(tai)登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)游(you)覽等旅(lv)游(you)活動,形成(cheng)“綠(lv)野仙蹤”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)基(ji)底。七(qi)星相輝為七(qi)個(ge)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu):天(tian)庭(ting)險峰(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、天(tian)庭(ting)度假景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、北(bei)崮(gu)王(wang)者(zhe)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、南崮(gu)龍興景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、桃(tao)源瑤池景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、桃(tao)源水(shui)靈景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)和桃(tao)園農莊景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)。規劃艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園八(ba)個(ge)主要景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian),簡稱“艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)八(ba)景(jing)(jing)(jing)”,包括:天(tian)庭(ting)仙途、四(si)季彩谷(gu)、王(wang)者(zhe)爭輝、龍興圣跡、瑤池碧(bi)湖、暖湯凝脂、春華秋(qiu)實(shi)、綠(lv)海(hai)紅星。
旅游市場策劃
根據清華大(da)(da)學北京清華城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)規劃設計院制作《艾山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)林公園(yuan)旅游(you)(you)(you)(you)策劃》,從(cong)國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)分析,我省(sheng)省(sheng)內(nei)游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)占(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)內(nei)旅游(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)數的45%,周邊省(sheng)的游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)占(zhan)(zhan)20%,來自大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的占(zhan)(zhan)11%。根據艾山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)林公園(yuan)游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)規模預測,到(dao)2010年艾山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)林公園(yuan)游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)人(ren)數為13~22萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)次(ci),到(dao)2020年游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)人(ren)數為80~120萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)次(ci)。今后幾年的發(fa)展趨勢是,國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)發(fa)展更快(kuai),觀光度假模式將(jiang)成為市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)的主流,在旅游(you)(you)(you)(you)目(mu)的地(di)逗留(liu)時間延長,游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)支(zhi)出將(jiang)不斷增(zeng)加(jia),游(you)(you)(you)(you)客(ke)對旅游(you)(you)(you)(you)產品(pin)質(zhi)量的要求(qiu)會逐漸提(ti)高。
項目投(tou)資及效益預測(ce)
艾山國家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林(lin)公園旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)建設總投資為(wei)43000萬(wan)元,建設投資9740萬(wan)元。根據旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)策劃(hua),游(you)(you)(you)(you)客門票、購物、娛樂餐飲、園內(nei)交通按(an)照每人(ren)次(ci)130元計算,每年(nian)可(ke)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)資金997萬(wan)元,盈利480萬(wan)元,投資回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)為(wei)10年(nian)。遠期(qi)游(you)(you)(you)(you)客門票、購物、娛樂餐飲、園內(nei)交通每人(ren)次(ci) 280元,每年(nian)可(ke)盈利1850萬(wan)元,到規(gui)劃(hua)期(qi)末,預計艾山國家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林(lin)公園總盈利額(e)為(wei)27420萬(wan)元。
投資優惠政策
1、生產(chan)性外(wai)商投資(zi)(zi)企(qi)業的稅收優(you)惠。生產(chan)性外(wai)商投資(zi)(zi)企(qi)業除了屬(shu)于石油、天然氣、稀(xi)有金屬(shu)、貴重金屬(shu)等資(zi)(zi)源開采項目的,由國務院(yuan)另外(wai)規定以(yi)外(wai),實際經營期限在(zai)十年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)的,從開始獲利(li)的年(nian)度起,第(di)(di)一年(nian)和第(di)(di)二年(nian)免(mian)征企(qi)業所得稅,第(di)(di)三年(nian)至第(di)(di)五年(nian)減半征收企(qi)業所得稅。
2、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)、林(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)外商投資企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),在依(yi)照(zhao)規定享受“二免三減(jian)半”企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所得稅優惠(hui)期滿后,經企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)申請,國(guo)務院稅收(shou)主(zhu)管部(bu)門批準,可以在十年(nian)內繼續按應納稅額減(jian)征百分之十五至百分之三十的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所得稅。
3、沿(yan)海(hai)經(jing)濟開發區(qu)的(de)稅收(shou)(shou)優(you)惠,沿(yan)海(hai)經(jing)濟開發區(qu)的(de)生產(chan)性外商(shang)投資(zi)企(qi)業,減按24%的(de)稅率(lv)征收(shou)(shou)企(qi)業所得(de)(de)稅。其中,屬于技術密集(ji),知識密集(ji)項(xiang)目,或者屬于能源、交通、港口建設項(xiang)目的(de),報經(jing)國家稅務總(zong)局批準后(hou),可(ke)減按15%的(de)稅率(lv)征收(shou)(shou)企(qi)業所得(de)(de)稅。
4、特定行業(ye)、項(xiang)目稅(shui)收優惠,從(cong)事港口碼頭(tou)建設的中外合資經營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(本(ben)項(xiang)目適用(yong)),減按15%的稅(shui)率(lv)征(zheng)收企(qi)業(ye)所得稅(shui),其中,經營(ying)期(qi)在(zai)十五年以上的,可以從(cong)開始獲(huo)利(li)年度起,第一年至(zhi)第五年免征(zheng)企(qi)業(ye)所得稅(shui),第六(liu)年至(zhi)第十年減半征(zheng)收企(qi)業(ye)所得稅(shui)。
景區景點
解甲嶺景區
景(jing)(jing)區位于艾山(shan)景(jing)(jing)區北(bei)(bei)部、伸向東北(bei)(bei)向的(de)宋(song)家洼至解甲山(shan)長約(yue)2.3km的(de)一(yi)條長嶺(ling)(ling),以解甲山(shan)引伸長嶺(ling)(ling)而命名(ming)。其頂(ding)部是(shi)(shi)寬約(yue)200m,落差僅(jin)50m的(de)平坦山(shan)崮,周圍是(shi)(shi)懸崖峭壁,地(di)貌奇特,總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)210.11ha。崮頂(ding)已(yi)有(you)簡易車(che)游道貫(guan)通。著(zhu)名(ming)景(jing)(jing)點有(you)解甲山(shan)、黃嶺(ling)(ling)、一(yi)劍泉(quan)等,都由唐(tang)王(wang)(wang)征(zheng)東故(gu)事傳說而得名(ming)。在宋(song)家洼東側和解甲山(shan)前,各有(you)一(yi)處面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)10ha余(yu)的(de)廣闊地(di)帶,給景(jing)(jing)區規劃提供(gong)(gong)了(le)較大空間,景(jing)(jing)區的(de)主(zhu)要功能是(shi)(shi)以唐(tang)王(wang)(wang)征(zheng)東故(gu)事為歷(li)史背景(jing)(jing),以唐(tang)代兵營訓練項(xiang)目(mu)為內容(rong),供(gong)(gong)青少(shao)年開展參與性健身活動。
唐王崮景區
景區位于(yu)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山山脈(mo)的北(bei)端,呈南(nan)北(bei)走向(xiang)。東(dong)、南(nan)鄰生(sheng)態保護區,西至棲(qi)霞、龍口市界(jie),公園北(bei)界(jie)至250m等(deng)高線處,總面積約503.74ha。景區地(di)(di)貌特征(zheng)是山崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬廣,崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)周圍懸崖壁(bi)立,陡(dou)峭如削(xue),形成奇特的山崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)景觀(guan)。景區包括南(nan)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)北(bei)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),兩崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頂相(xiang)距約1.6km,其(qi)間由大道劉(liu)家西溝將兩崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分割(ge)開。據傳南(nan)北(bei)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是唐王征(zheng)東(dong)屯兵的營地(di)(di),留(liu)有眾(zhong)多的故事傳說和(he)大殿遺跡,奇石景觀(guan)豐(feng)富,佛(fo)教香火一度(du)興旺,抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭時期為我軍抗(kang)日(ri)根(gen)據地(di)(di)之一。
根據(ju)南(nan)北崮(gu)的(de)地理(li)分(fen)布、景觀特征和(he)(he)便于有序開發,將唐(tang)王崮(gu)景區劃(hua)分(fen)為(wei)南(nan)崮(gu)小區和(he)(he)北崮(gu)小區,面積分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)149.25ha和(he)(he)354.49ha。
南(nan)崮小區位(wei)于(yu)大道劉(liu)家西(xi)南(nan),上(shang)(shang)行(xing)約3km,下行(xing)約1km。崮頂平展(zhan)寬闊,成(cheng)三(san)角形(xing),面(mian)積約8ha,適宜規劃(hua)青少年健身娛樂項目。崮頂南(nan)側游(you)路曲折緩(huan)長,景(jing)點分(fen)布(bu)較多(duo)(duo),主要景(jing)點有唐王圣泉、天梯、臥虎石(shi)等(deng),建于(yu)唐代的興龍寺遺址(zhi)、坐(zuo)落(luo)于(yu)鐵口溝上(shang)(shang)端,也是登崮的必由(you)之路。崮頂北側崮崖(ya)長達(da)600m余,地(di)勢陡險,沿崮崖(ya)多(duo)(duo)有奇石(shi)分(fen)布(bu)。
北(bei)(bei)(bei)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)小(xiao)區位于上薛(xue)家(jia)莊南(nan)1km處(chu),最高(gao)(gao)峰插旗頂,高(gao)(gao)程558m,殺人(ren)溝(gou)、進出口溝(gou)和(he)留金寨溝(gou)將(jiang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)沖刷(shua)切(qie)割成(cheng)三(san)個崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頂,東、西崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分別為東、西校場,傳說(shuo)(shuo)是唐(tang)軍屯兵訓練(lian)的場所,中間崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頂最大,面積約20ha,形成(cheng)溝(gou)深、崖陡(dou)、崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)矗、頂平的地貌特征。崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頂有唐(tang)王屯兵北(bei)(bei)(bei)崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)的大殿遺址,有飲馬灣、哈拉灣、蛤蟆石、萬(wan)人(ren)坑、龍墩、壽墩、北(bei)(bei)(bei)天(tian)門等與唐(tang)軍守崮(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故事傳說(shuo)(shuo)有關(guan)的眾多景點(dian),適宜開展登山、探險活動(dong),也(ye)是觀光、尋古、休閑旅游的理想目(mu)的地。
南民山待開發區
本區(qu)位(wei)于南民山(shan)(shan)(shan)村以南,黃水(shui)河源頭的(de)匯水(shui)面,由與棲(qi)霞市的(de)界山(shan)(shan)(shan)三面所環抱,面積(ji)約(yue)(yue)達596.54ha。山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰多在600m以上,主(zhu)要有(you)雙甲山(shan)(shan)(shan)、鞏家(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、紫牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)。雙甲山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩(liang)峰并(bing)立,形似初萌的(de)鹿角,挺(ting)拔而富有(you)生機,景(jing)色壯(zhuang)美。區(qu)內林(lin)木茂密(mi),綠(lv)樹成(cheng)(cheng)萌,小(xiao)池塘壩遍布溝溪(xi)。椴(duan)樹分布于鞏家(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)坡(po),約(yue)(yue)20ha余,形成(cheng)(cheng)“椴(duan)林(lin)遺珍”景(jing)觀(guan),是山(shan)(shan)(shan)東不多見的(de)森林(lin)演替過程中(zhong)的(de)殘存(cun)遺珍。本區(qu)生態環境(jing)良好,,列為(wei)生態觀(guan)光休閑(xian)游待開(kai)發區(qu)。
生態保護區
在公園范圍內,除去服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、艾山(shan)景區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、解甲嶺景區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、碧云湖(hu)景區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、唐王崮景區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和待開發區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之處的剩余區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域,規劃為生態保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。集中分布在自大劉(liu)家水庫至南民山(shan)村(cun),沿黃水河兩(liang)岸(an)的山(shan)坡及坡麓,面(mian)積約601.77ha。主要地(di)類類型有板栗(li)、蘋果、林(lin)地(di)、疏(shu)林(lin)、荒地(di)、農(nong)田和村(cun)莊、道路等交(jiao)通、建(jian)筑用地(di)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內山(shan)坡下部及坡麓多(duo)被板栗(li)、蘋果等經濟林(lin)地(di)所覆蓋(gai),山(shan)坡上部的荒地(di)、疏(shu)林(lin)有待加快綠化(hua)和改建(jian),提高綠化(hua)率。
艾山景區
公(gong)(gong)園主(zhu)體景(jing)(jing)區,以艾山(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)命名(ming),位于服務接待南區南部(bu),由東、中、西三條大流(liu)和極頂區域構成,總面積約289.23ha。區內(nei)以險峰(feng)、奇石、溝(gou)溪、泉水、森林等自然景(jing)(jing)觀為主(zhu)體景(jing)(jing)觀,并(bing)有唐(tang)王廟、皇姑(gu)庵(an)、公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)墳等古(gu)跡遺(yi)址(zhi)及其廣為流(liu)傳的故事(shi)傳說和八路兵器廠等革命遺(yi)址(zhi),人(ren)文景(jing)(jing)觀也很豐富,開發(fa)潛力(li)很大。
根(gen)據景區(qu)(qu)的地貌特征,景觀資源類型(xing)及其(qi)分布(bu)、游線布(bu)設及旅游開發(fa)利用(yong)方向等因素將(jiang)艾山景區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)分為冠云峰小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)、雙流溝(gou)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)和(he)西流溝(gou)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)三個二級(ji)區(qu)(qu)。
冠(guan)云(yun)峰(feng)小區(qu)位于艾山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂峰(feng)及(ji)北坡至(zhi)大埯子南山(shan)(shan)(shan),通(tong)天(tian)(tian)神水至(zhi)公主(zhu)(zhu)墳一線以(yi)南,中(zhong)、東(dong)大流(liu)的發源地域,總面積約88.16ha,本小區(qu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)峭(qiao)立(li),絕壁(bi)如削(xue),溝狹(xia)澗深,林海松濤,山(shan)(shan)(shan)花爛漫,杜鵑爭(zheng)艷,集(ji)險、奇、幽、秀于一體,以(yi)登(deng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)探(tan)險、科考(kao)、賞(shang)天(tian)(tian)象景觀和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)游等為主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)功能。
雙流(liu)溝(gou)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于(yu)服務接(jie)待南區(qu)(qu)(qu)與冠(guan)云峰(feng)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)之間,東、中(zhong)大流(liu)兩溝(gou)的流(liu)域范(fan)圍(wei),面(mian)積約114.34ha。本小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)山(shan)嶺縱橫,溝(gou)谷寬淺(qian),海拔較低(di)(300~400m),地形復(fu)雜,森(sen)林(lin)茂密,樹種繁多,赤松、刺(ci)槐、櫟類、板(ban)栗、核桃、華山(shan)松、紫椴、青檀、鵝掌(zhang)楸(qiu)、山(shan)合歡等(deng),林(lin)相復(fu)雜,景(jing)色(se)秀麗,如橡(xiang)樹溝(gou)具有亞熱帶雜木林(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)。除蜂窩石(shi)、通(tong)天神(shen)水(shui)等(deng)著名自然景(jing)觀(guan)外,主要的歷史遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)如皇姑庵、公(gong)主墳(fen)和(he)八路兵器廠遺(yi)(yi)址都(dou)分布(bu)于(yu)該小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu),景(jing)觀(guan)資源豐(feng)富,有利于(yu)開(kai)發形成不同類型(xing)的旅游產(chan)品。主要功能(neng)是(shi)休閑、度假、消夏避暑、觀(guan)光(guang)尋古、云峰(feng)遠眺和(he)愛(ai)國主義教育(yu)等(deng)。
西(xi)流(liu)溝(gou)小區位于雙(shuang)(shuang)流(liu)溝(gou)小區西(xi)側,自西(xi)大流(liu)與中大流(liu)交叉(cha)口,蜿蜒至雙(shuang)(shuang)甲(jia)山以(yi)東,長約2km余(yu),貫穿整個西(xi)大流(liu)流(liu)域,面(mian)積約86.73ha。小區高差400m之多,老(lao)虎洞以(yi)下(xia),懸崖峭壁,澗深谷幽(you);老(lao)虎洞以(yi)上(shang),溝(gou)谷寬淺,林木蔥郁。主要(yao)景觀(guan)是(shi)西(xi)天門(men)、老(lao)虎洞和唐王(wang)廟,其(qi)主要(yao)功能是(shi)觀(guan)光、尋古、休閑(xian)、采摘(zhai)、野炊(chui)和野營。
碧云湖景區
位于(yu)大(da)道劉(liu)家北側黃水(shui)(shui)河(he)上(shang),原系大(da)道劉(liu)家水(shui)(shui)庫(ku),屬小(一)型(xing),是公(gong)園一處最大(da)的水(shui)(shui)面,又(you)居于(yu)進入(ru)唐(tang)王崮(gu)景區(qu)的主游道旁,區(qu)位十分優越。
景區(qu)(qu)包括水(shui)庫周圍(wei)的山(shan)(shan)嶺和(he)山(shan)(shan)坡,東至(zhi)(zhi)鷹呼咀,南至(zhi)(zhi)帽子頂(ding),西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)庫西(xi)岸,北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)庫壩基,總(zong)面積(ji)約341.33ha。景區(qu)(qu)山(shan)(shan)嶺上部(bu)多赤松(song)、刺槐景觀林(lin),嶺坡中下部(bu)基本為板栗(li)園和(he)蘋(pin)果園所(suo)覆(fu)蓋(gai),形(xing)成“青山(shan)(shan)接綠(lv)水(shui),碧(bi)(bi)波(bo)連浮云”的秀麗景觀,故“碧(bi)(bi)云湖(hu)”及其(qi)景區(qu)(qu)由此而(er)得名。主要景點有大(da)壩、冷山(shan)(shan)、帽子頂(ding)等,主要功能是果園觀光(guang)、采(cai)摘、垂釣、水(shui)上游(you)樂等。
風景資源
生物景觀
艾山雨水充沛(pei),自然(ran)條件優(you)越。這里林木(mu)花草(cao)蔥蘢,猶如原始(shi)森(sen)林。公園共記錄維管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)820種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(756種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),57變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),7變(bian)(bian)(bian)型),分(fen)別隸屬于蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)門、裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)門、被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)門的(de)112科,400屬。維管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數約(yue)占(zhan)山東省總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)50%,屬數約(yue)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬數的(de)65%,科數約(yue)占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)科數的(de)73%。可見,艾山維管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類比較豐富。具體分(fen)類:木(mu)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)涉及55科,127屬,271種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(240種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),28變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),3變(bian)(bian)(bian)型);草(cao)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)72科,266屬,518種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(487種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),27變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),4變(bian)(bian)(bian)型);藤(teng)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)12科,18屬,31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。
在繁多的(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong),除了常(chang)見(jian)的(de)松樹(shu)(shu)、麻櫟(li)、刺(ci)槐、蘋果(guo)、板栗、櫻桃、榆(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)、楓樹(shu)(shu)、合歡等(deng)(deng)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以外(wai),還(huan)有(you)(you)許多稀有(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),象紫椴、槲樹(shu)(shu)、厚樸、樸樹(shu)(shu)、溲疏、苦(ku)樹(shu)(shu)、青(qing)檀、木樨、流蘇、三椏烏藥(yao)(yao)、鵝掌(zhang)楸等(deng)(deng),其(qi)中(zhong)紫椴在園區內自然(ran)分(fen)(fen)布面積(ji)達20.2ha,是(shi)山(shan)東省唯一(yi)的(de)、面積(ji)最大(da)的(de)紫椴天(tian)然(ran)次生(sheng)(sheng)林,應當重(zhong)點保護。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)卉有(you)(you):尖葉杜鵑(映(ying)山(shan)紅)、迎春、連翹、錦(jin)帶、山(shan)丹(dan)、卷丹(dan)、石(shi)竹(zhu)、霞草(cao)、野(ye)(ye)菊等(deng)(deng);中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)植物(wu)共計有(you)(you)78科,187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)艾(ai)山(shan)維(wei)管束(shu)植物(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)23%。主要中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)白蘞、杜仲(zhong)、地榆(yu)(yu)、遠志、列(lie)當、桔(jie)梗、羅(luo)布麻、射干、費菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(土三七)、紫花(hua)前胡、益母(mu)草(cao)、丹(dan)參、苦(ku)參、半夏、東北天(tian)南星、車前等(deng)(deng);另外(wai),艾(ai)山(shan)有(you)(you)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)35科,72屬,118種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)變型(xing)),分(fen)(fen)為蕨菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)、葉菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)、花(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)、根(gen)莖菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)、果(guo)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)類(lei)(lei)五大(da)類(lei)(lei)。艾(ai)山(shan)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)占(zhan)山(shan)東省野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)49%,野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多,屬特色旅游資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。
艾(ai)山林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場自成立(li)以(yi)來,由于受自然條件限制,多(duo)采用封山育林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),到1952年(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)已達213.3公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),宜(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)92.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing);1955 年(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)286公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing);1962年(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)達305.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。1974年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始,受松(song)毛蟲和松(song)干蚧(jie)危害,部分純(chun)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)受害枯死,據1983年(nian)(nian)調(diao)查,有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 239.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),(赤松(song)130.7公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),刺(ci)槐86.5公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),麻櫟6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),落(luo)葉松(song)2.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing));林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分蓄(xu)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5925立(li)方米,活(huo)立(li)木總蓄(xu)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)6029立(li)方米,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為(wei)(wei)(wei)78.5%。2000年(nian)(nian)經(jing)調(diao)查艾(ai)山林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場共有(you)(you)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)293.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),其中(zhong)針葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)153.9公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),闊葉樹(shu)139.7公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),活(huo)立(li)木蓄(xu)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)19572立(li)方米,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為(wei)(wei)(wei)96.2%。其中(zhong)赤松(song)53.8%,麻櫟占5%,刺(ci)槐占41.2%。
優良(liang)的生(sheng)態環境,使森林公園形成了四季常綠,三季百花爭艷的景觀。初(chu)春,萬樹吐綠,映山(shan)紅等花卉漫山(shan)開遍,花期自3月(yue)下旬至5月(yue)上(shang)旬;盛夏(xia),濃蔭蔽日(ri),群山(shan)疊翠;金(jin)秋,萬紫千紅,果滿枝頭;深冬(dong),銀裝(zhuang)素裹,凌(ling)寒掛(gua)樹,另有(you)一番景色。
野生動物資源
艾(ai)山森林公(gong)園自(zi)然環境(jing)優越(yue),植物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)十分豐富,給野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)創造了最佳(jia)棲息繁衍環境(jing)。艾(ai)山森林公(gong)園初步(bu)記錄各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有10綱,47目(mu)(mu),221 科(ke),1008種(zhong)(zhong)(含亞種(zhong)(zhong))。其中:陸生(sheng)無脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)5綱,19目(mu)(mu),151科(ke),681種(zhong)(zhong)(含亞種(zhong)(zhong)),僅森林昆(kun)蟲共(gong)記錄14目(mu)(mu),121科(ke),572種(zhong)(zhong)。許(xu)多昆(kun)蟲都可作(zuo)為景觀資(zi)源(yuan),能夠(gou)增(zeng)加(jia)游(you)人游(you)覽情趣。 園區內(nei)有一座小型水庫、多條溪流、塘池等(deng)(deng)濕地生(sheng)態(tai)系統,但受季節性影(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)大,因(yin)而魚類資(zi)源(yuan)較(jiao)少。初步(bu)調查共(gong)記錄有4目(mu)(mu)、8科(ke)、25種(zhong)(zhong),其中優勢種(zhong)(zhong)為鯉、鯽、白鰷等(deng)(deng),可作(zuo)為垂釣資(zi)源(yuan)。
艾山(shan)(shan)的爬行(xing)動(dong)物(含淡(dan)水生)共記錄2目,6科,13種(zhong)(zhong)。約占全省爬行(xing)類動(dong)物總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的68.4%,其(qi)中山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省重點(dian)保護爬行(xing)類動(dong)物有3種(zhong)(zhong),分別為(wei)烏龜、黑眉(mei)蝮和北草蜥。爬行(xing)動(dong)物主(zhu)要為(wei)古(gu)北界(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)類,如山(shan)(shan)地麻蜥、麗斑(ban)麻蜥和黃脊游(you)(you)蛇(she)(she)等;廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)有中華鱉、虎斑(ban)游(you)(you)蛇(she)(she)、赤鏈(lian)蛇(she)(she)等。山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省唯一的毒蛇(she)(she)—黑眉(mei)蝮僅分布(bu)于膠東(dong)地區,數(shu)量不多,而在艾山(shan)(shan)森林公(gong)園分布(bu)數(shu)量較多,經(jing)常(chang)見到。
艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自然(ran)植被為落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)、針闊混交林(lin)、灌草叢和(he)(he)(he)栽培植被,植物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)昆(kun)蟲數(shu)(shu)量和(he)(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)較多(duo)(duo),為各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)提供了(le)豐足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食物。再者地(di)處偏僻,人煙稀少,因此(ci)(ci),是許多(duo)(duo)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)棲息、繁殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂園。是許多(duo)(duo)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)遷徙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必經之地(di)和(he)(he)(he)驛站。艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)位于我國南北方或南、北半球鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)遷徙(xi)最(zui)短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路途(tu)之中,每年(nian)春、秋兩(liang)季(ji),隨季(ji)風(feng)遷徙(xi)至此(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)難以計數(shu)(shu)。鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)(duo),生態類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)。艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)共記錄鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)15目(mu),40科(ke),253種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(含亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),占我國鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)1244的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 20.3%,占山(shan)(shan)(shan)東鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)記錄總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)62.3%,是山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)之一。艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中,以雀(que)形目(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)多(duo)(duo),達18科(ke)117種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 46.2%,其次是鸻形目(mu),達28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)11.1%。飛翔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禽鳥、奔馳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、遨游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)(he)五彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)昆(kun)蟲奏出了(le)自然(ran)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳音韻(yun),伴著(zhu)林(lin)海濤聲,給艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)森(sen)林(lin)公園增(zeng)添了(le)無窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魅力。
山體地貌
艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)森林公(gong)園地貌(mao)類(lei)型(xing)屬低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)嶺區(qu)(qu),主要是(shi)由艾(ai)崮(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈周(zhou)圍的低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)及溝(gou)谷組成(cheng)的。艾(ai)崮(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈自(zi)然(ran)走(zou)向(xiang)為(wei)南北、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang),成(cheng)“L”形,南高北低。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地丘(qiu)陵(ling)延綿(mian)交(jiao)錯,山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,溝(gou)谷縱(zong)橫交(jiao)織,微地貌(mao)類(lei)型(xing)復雜,艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈位(wei)于園區(qu)(qu)南部(bu),呈(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)走(zou)向(xiang),包(bao)括(kuo)艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、雙甲(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)(deng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)。主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)海拔819米,素有膠東(dong)“小華山(shan)(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)譽。艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)諸峰(feng)(feng)(feng),挺拔陡峭,如鐵戟(ji)直刺蒼穹,異常(chang)險峻。崮(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈位(wei)于區(qu)(qu)內(nei)西(xi)(xi)部(bu),呈(cheng)南北走(zou)向(xiang),包(bao)括(kuo)南崮(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、北崮(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、老朵(duo)頂等(deng)(deng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)崮(gu)(gu),素有“南崮(gu)(gu)、北崮(gu)(gu),隔(ge)天一步”之(zhi)稱。崮(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)逶(wei)迤,怪石嶙峋。在(zai)艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林場范圍內(nei),坡度(du)在(zai)36°以上者(zhe)約占(zhan)總面積30%;在(zai)26°—36°者(zhe),約占(zhan)總面積的53%;坡度(du)25°以下者(zhe),占(zhan)總面積的17%。
天象景觀
艾(ai)山是(shi)半島地(di)區第二高(gao)峰,開闊的(de)視野和特殊的(de)地(di)形地(di)貌,登(deng)艾(ai)崮山可(ke)以(yi)觀(guan)賞許多優美的(de)天象(xiang)(xiang)景觀(guan),如觀(guan)日、賞月(yue)、看(kan)流(liu)云,即有獨見之處(chu)。“崮山晚霞(xia)”是(shi)艾(ai)崮山的(de)著名(ming)天象(xiang)(xiang)景觀(guan),每值夕(xi)陽西(xi)下(xia),霞(xia)光萬丈(zhang),暮(mu)靄流(liu)蘇,百鳥回(hui)巢(chao),余輝映照,五彩(cai)紛呈。
艾崮(gu)山(shan)區的(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)景觀,使有“小華山(shan)”之稱的(de)艾崮(gu)峰嶺更加(jia)秀美(mei)。艾崮(gu)山(shan)春秋(qiu)多云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu),年(nian)均總云(yun)(yun)(yun)量達5—6成(cheng)(cheng),主峰周圍時(shi)常云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)繚繞(rao),嵐(lan)氣空蒙,正如王維(wei)詩曰:“瀑布(bu)杉松常帶(dai)雨,夕陽(yang)彩翠忽成(cheng)(cheng)嵐(lan)”。立冠云(yun)(yun)(yun)峰顛(dian),極目(mu)北眺,白云(yun)(yun)(yun)似綾(ling)羅玉帶(dai),從(cong)海(hai)空飄(piao)然而至,霧(wu)團滾(gun)滾(gun),隨風起伏,霎(sha)時(shi),山(shan)峰時(shi)隱時(shi)現,飄(piao)渺不定,如入(ru)仙境(jing)。
人文景觀
公園人文景觀(guan)以唐文化為主線,充滿了人民對民族強(qiang)盛的贊美和渴望(wang)。許多(duo)歷史(shi)故事和神話傳(chuan)說寄托了人民對美好生活(huo)的追求、對英雄義(yi)舉的贊頌和對邪惡鞭撻的強(qiang)烈愿望(wang)。
1 古跡遺址
公園著名(ming)古跡(ji)遺(yi)址是位于南(nan)崮的龍興寺和北崮的唐王(wang)(wang)殿,艾山的唐王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)、皇姑庵(an)和公主墳。
龍興寺(si)位于南崮崮頂西側,鐵口溝上(shang)部,環境優美。始(shi)建于唐(tang)代,舊(jiu)為佛門勝地,建筑宏偉,南北三進院(yuan)落,僅僧房就有前四房、后四房,和尚(shang)幾千名(ming),供奉千手(shou)觀音(yin)、文殊(shu)、普(pu)賢、地藏菩薩和送子娘娘等,每年二月初一廟(miao)會,百里香客,人聲(sheng)鼎沸,香火(huo)興旺。抗戰時被毀。現有寺(si)基、石柱、石塔、鐘樓柱及殘碑兩座(zuo),其中一碑記“奘相塑神碑記,大清乾隆元年孟(meng)冬吉旦……”。
唐王(wang)殿(dian)(dian) 位于北(bei)崮鳳(feng)凰嶺下,據傳建(jian)筑物包括前大(da)殿(dian)(dian)、后(hou)大(da)殿(dian)(dian),是(shi)(shi)唐王(wang)屯兵北(bei)崮時興建(jian),是(shi)(shi)唐王(wang)處理軍機和議事的(de)地方。現存(cun)殿(dian)(dian)基、古磚瓦(wa)礫,殿(dian)(dian)前有磨盤殘塊,據說游人和進山(shan)人員經常在大(da)殿(dian)(dian)周圍撿到古幣(bi),證實了大(da)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)存(cun)在和古人的(de)真(zhen)實生活情形(xing)。
唐王(wang)廟 位于艾山(shan)(shan)西天門(men)內(nei)北側小埯子(zi)(zi)。據傳唐貞觀十(shi)八年(644),唐王(wang)東征高麗(li)失敗,率軍退至艾崮山(shan)(shan)區,唐軍撤走后,邑人在艾山(shan)(shan)的小埯子(zi)(zi)建唐王(wang)廟,以示紀念,現建筑已不存。
在(zai)戰馬村(cun)南有(you)大(da)王(wang)廟(miao)遺址。據傳(chuan)唐(tang)王(wang)在(zai)退(tui)守艾(ai)崮山區后,與高麗大(da)將泉·蓋蘇(su)文殊死決戰,其叔兄在(zai)站馬張家村(cun)一帶戰死。為此,唐(tang)王(wang)令大(da)將尉遲敬德(de)監工,在(zai)村(cun)南建大(da)王(wang)廟(miao)紀之,現已圮。
皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)庵、公主墳皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)庵位(wei)于艾山大(da)埯(an)子。據傳唐王(wang)之妹隨東征,歷經附馬陣亡和目睹了戰爭(zheng)給百姓帶來的(de)苦難,為陪伴夫君,超度眾(zhong)生,毅然在(zai)此(ci)建庵修行,舊稱皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)庵。而皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)出家不久便染病過世,遂葬于通天背(bei)下,稱公主墳,與皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)庵隔澗相望,現遺址尚存。
2 歷史故事
唐王(wang)故(gu)(gu)事(shi) 公園的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)事(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo),幾乎都與唐王(wang)李世(shi)民東(dong)征的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)密切相關,如解(jie)甲山(shan)、一劍(jian)泉(quan)、雙靴石(shi)、皇姑庵、公主墳、馬(ma)鞍石(shi)、唐王(wang)圣泉(quan)、石(shi)月亮、飲馬(ma)灣、哈拉灣、鳳凰嶺、曬書巖、龍墩、壽墩、東(dong)石(shi)阻、插(cha)旗頂、萬人(ren)(ren)坑(keng)、殺人(ren)(ren)溝(gou)等,都生(sheng)動(dong)地敘(xu)述了(le)唐王(wang)在屯(tun)兵(bing)艾崮山(shan)區時的(de)(de)行(xing)軍、征戰、取(qu)水、議事(shi)、祝壽等戰爭(zheng)生(sheng)活不同側面的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)事(shi),繪形(xing)繪色,情景交融,生(sheng)動(dong)感人(ren)(ren),流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)至今(jin)。
最為(wei)有趣的是唐王(wang)與尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲敬(jing)德的“千古河山(shan)棋(qi)(qi)一局(ju)”的故事。在西校場,兩(liang)人一邊(bian)觀看將(jiang)士操練,一邊(bian)乘(cheng)興對弈。約(yue)定,若唐王(wang)勝(sheng),尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲在南(nan)崮重(zhong)修寺廟,若尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲勝(sheng),唐王(wang)將(jiang)南(nan)崮賜于(yu)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲,可謂象(xiang)棋(qi)(qi)一局(ju)抵江山(shan)!弈棋(qi)(qi)三局(ju)結(jie)果,一勝(sheng)一平一負,戰(zhan)成平手,如約(yue),尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲將(jiang)南(nan)崮寺院修繕(shan)一新,并立“尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲敬(jing)德重(zhong)修” 碑,同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)贏得了南(nan)崮山(shan)。從(cong)此,尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲聲名大(da)振,在民間(jian)尊為(wei)除惡避邪的神將(jiang),并與佛山(shan)結(jie)下(xia)不解之緣。
至(zhi)于(yu)“萬人(ren)坑”、“殺人(ren)溝(gou)(gou)”的(de)故(gu)事,卻反映出戰爭的(de)殘酷情形,這與旅游開發(fa)項目定位及旅游者的(de)情致大相徑庭。萬人(ren)坑位于(yu)北崮留金寨溝(gou)(gou)的(de)上端,溝(gou)(gou)澗極深,外側東坡有(you)一(yi)蛤蟆石,傳說泉·蓋蘇文(wen)率軍進攻唐軍,晚上派萬人(ren)先頭部隊潛入谷中(zhong),唐軍埋伏在哈蟆石后,蓋軍前進到哈蟆石,過一(yi)個殺一(yi)個,蓋蘇文(wen)不知中(zhong)計,待溝(gou)(gou)內血流成溪(xi),方知受騙(pian),損失慘重。“殺人(ren)溝(gou)(gou)”的(de)故(gu)事是講唐王(wang)為取水(shui)心急(ji)如焚(fen),凡問(wen)及兵卒回答無(wu)水(shui)者均(jun)殺之,拋入西校場南側的(de)溝(gou)(gou)內,“殺人(ren)溝(gou)(gou)” 由此而(er)得名。歷(li)史故(gu)事可以流傳,但作為旅游景點,這些名稱則需(xu)要(yao)規劃(hua)更名,否則會給(gei)游客帶來恐(kong)怖感。
3.神話傳說
公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)話(hua)傳(chuan)說也同唐王東征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)故事一(yi)(yi)樣,豐(feng)富生(sheng)動(dong)。“通(tong)天神(shen)(shen)水”是八(ba)仙(xian)云(yun)游艾山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),見(jian)天氣大(da)旱(han),八(ba)仙(xian)作法,向(xiang)蒼天祈(qi)水的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說。這是八(ba)仙(xian)在艾崮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)云(yun)游時,留(liu)下的(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)“證(zheng)據(ju)”,就是這一(yi)(yi)脈絡,把蓬萊仙(xian)閣與艾山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)空(kong)蒙連接在一(yi)(yi)起,形成“南山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北海”、“南佛(fo)北仙(xian)”的(de)(de)(de)大(da)空(kong)間、大(da)景觀(guan)、大(da)旅(lv)游互(hu)動(dong)、整合的(de)(de)(de)開發思(si)路。
“扁擔石”是公園(yuan)的一(yi)處序景,邑人賦予一(yi)個使人對(dui)邪惡勢力疾惡如仇的動(dong)人神話故事。秦末陳(chen)勝、吳廣(guang)揭桿起義(yi),而玉(yu)皇(huang)大帝卻(que)助(zhu)紂為虐,降下溫疫(yi)使起義(yi)將(jiang)士染(ran)病(bing)喪(sang)失戰斗力,危難時,玉(yu)皇(huang)的叔(shu)兄靜觀法師俠骨(gu)仗義(yi),盜出(chu)兩匹神馬,用(yong)扁擔挑起下凡,贈(zeng)與義(yi)軍,途中(zhong)被玉(yu)皇(huang)發現,遂用(yong)電閃將(jiang)靜觀及馬劈(pi)死,扁擔也跌(die)落艾山腳下,化為“扁擔石”。
“石(shi)婆(po)(po)婆(po)(po)”位于香(xiang)爐(lu)頂北山(shan)脊上,是一塊酷似老(lao)太太的(de)奇石(shi),傳說(shuo)其與石(shi)爺爺一對老(lao)夫妻恩愛(ai)相處(chu),后(hou)因(yin)鎖(suo)事吵架,石(shi)婆(po)(po)婆(po)(po)精明(ming)強(qiang)干,飛(fei)起一腳(jiao)把石(shi)爺爺踢(ti)到上薛(xue)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)東的(de)堤壩(ba)上,與石(shi)婆(po)(po)婆(po)(po)半臉相對,對地氣(qi)、人(ren)氣(qi)不(bu)利(li),村(cun)民一氣(qi)之(zhi)下(xia),把石(shi)爺爺埋入地下(xia),結果近村(cun)的(de)地氣(qi)、人(ren)氣(qi)好起來(lai)。這個神(shen)話給人(ren)以(yi)家(jia)(jia)庭和(he)睦、美(mei)滿幸福的(de)啟示。艾崮山(shan)的(de)神(shen)話傳說(shuo)豐(feng)富多彩、不(bu)勝枚舉(ju)。
4.革命遺跡
艾崮山脈(mo)層巒疊嶂,地(di)(di)(di)勢險峻,歷史上為唐軍東(dong)征(zheng)屯兵之要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)。抗日戰爭時(shi)期艾崮山區(qu)是膠東(dong)軍民抗日救國(guo)的重(zhong)要(yao)根據地(di)(di)(di),成為軍需物資的生產(chan)和供需基地(di)(di)(di)。
“八路(lu)兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)廠”建(jian)于大埯子皇(huang)姑庵遺(yi)址處(chu)。1938年共(gong)產(chan)黨人以艾崮山區為(wei)根據(ju)地,建(jian)立“山東人民抗日救國軍第(di)三(san)軍第(di)二路(lu)”(簡(jian)稱三(san)軍二路(lu)),發(fa)動武裝(zhuang)起義,在大埯子建(jian)“八路(lu)兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)廠”,原為(wei)三(san)層樓式(shi)建(jian)筑,被(bei)日軍燒毀。建(jian)國后(hou),建(jian)硬山式(shi)瓦房(fang)(fang)14間,翻修東廂房(fang)(fang)三(san)間,正(zheng)房(fang)(fang)墻上嵌石刻廠標“八路(lu)軍兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)廠周吉(ji)隆(long)”及周吉(ji)隆(long)(廠長)篆(zhuan)字印章。房(fang)(fang)前(qian)遺(yi)有搗藥用的大臼石及碾具。
“八路印刷廠”遺址(zhi),在南崮龍興寺東、西、北三面山崖上,各有一處(chu)石洞,寺北面石洞分兩間小洞,這些石洞就是抗日戰(zhan)爭時,三軍(jun)二路的印刷廠,現洞穴仍在,但附(fu)屬設施無存。
此外,龍(long)興寺的(de)廟地間還有幾眼小(xiao)山洞,是(shi)寺廟興盛時(shi)期,因(yin)僧(seng)人善醫(yi)(yi),前來求(qiu)醫(yi)(yi)的(de)女眷很(hen)多,無處居住,寺僧(seng)即在(zai)廟地內開(kai)挖小(xiao)洞供女眷暫住醫(yi)(yi)病,百姓稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“觀音(yin)堂”。在(zai)抗日(ri)戰爭時(shi)期,觀音(yin)堂為我黨保存實力,奪取勝(sheng)利(li)作出了貢獻。
旅游信息
住宿
高檔(dang)床位: 200張 價格: 100 元/天
標(biao)準(zhun)床位: 100張 價格: 50 元/天
普(pu)通床位: 100張(zhang) 價(jia)格: 20 元/天
森林公園北距蓬萊市43km,東距煙臺60km,均有公路連同,交通(tong)區位優勢明顯。
1、現(xian)有(you)賓館、營房按(an)三星級標(biao)準改建,設床位200張。
2、現有(you)公園管(guan)理處辦公區房屋改建(jian)為仿唐建(jian)筑風格,設置床位(wei)100張。
3、在艾山景區內建10座木屋別墅,安排床位100張
4、營房改建餐(can)(can)廳(ting)一座,安排200個餐(can)(can)位;
5、在現公園辦(ban)公區(qu)改(gai)建野味餐(can)廳一處,安排100個餐(can)位;
6、在公(gong)園內兩個服務區(qu)分(fen)別設(she)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)部(bu)一(yi)處,供應(ying)地方土特(te)產品(pin)(pin)、旅(lv)游紀(ji)念(nian)品(pin)(pin)、宗教文化商(shang)品(pin)(pin)、風味(wei)小食品(pin)(pin)等。
7、垂釣廣場(chang)設小(xiao)賣一處,供應垂釣用具(ju)。
8、龍興寺設小賣一處,供應香火用品及旅游紀念品。
交通路線
從交通(tong)區位(wei)上(shang)講,蓬(peng)萊與(yu)遼東(dong)半(ban)島(dao)一峽(xia)之(zhi)隔,北距大連僅66海里,開通(tong)了直達旅順(shun)港的(de)客貨運輸(shu)船,成(cheng)為山東(dong)半(ban)島(dao)與(yu)遼東(dong)半(ban)島(dao)之(zhi)間的(de)運輸(shu)捷(jie)徑。蓬(peng)萊還是(shi)山東(dong)環海旅游(you)通(tong)道上(shang)的(de)一個(ge)重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分,東(dong)近煙臺(tai)、威海,南連青島(dao),便于形成(cheng)大型(xing)組(zu)合路線。
土特產
葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)及葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)市(shi)地(di)(di)處山東半島北海岸,屬我(wo)國(guo)(guo)優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)釀(niang)(niang)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產地(di)(di)--渤海灣產地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)部(bu)產區,具(ju)有(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)與(yu)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)產歷(li)史,是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)與(yu)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)產區之一。 "葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)美(mei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)夜光杯,欲飲琵琶(pa)馬上催",葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)中(zhong)華(hua)古文明中(zhong)早(zao)已(yi)有(you)之,有(you)關葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最早(zao)記載文字見(jian)于詩經(jing),距今已(yi)有(you)2000多年(nian)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)釀(niang)(niang)造(zao)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史可追溯(su)到(dao)(dao)西漢,漢武帝派遣張(zhang)騫出(chu)使西域,從(cong)大宛(今中(zhong)亞塔什(shen)干地(di)(di)區)引入葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),同(tong)時引進(jin)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)釀(niang)(niang)造(zao)方法。大唐時代(dai)(dai)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)已(yi)頗為盛行。近(jin)代(dai)(dai)以來,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)事業發展非常緩慢,直到(dao)(dao)1892年(nian)清代(dai)(dai)大學士(shi)(shi)張(zhang)弼士(shi)(shi)發起建(jian)廠,才開始了葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業化生(sheng)產。清代(dai)(dai),蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)市(shi)就有(you)農戶零星栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),民(min)國(guo)(guo)時期面積和產量有(you)所增加(jia),主(zhu)要(yao)栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)玫瑰香、龍眼、紅雞心、水(shui)晶(jing)、金皇后等。50年(nian)代(dai)(dai),全市(shi)年(nian)量1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin),60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)產量達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)58.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin),1987年(nian)蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)2.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總產達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)2.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸。蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)市(shi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽培歷(li)史悠久,果農具(ju)有(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培管理經(jing)驗(yan),生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)果品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質優良,在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行業具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位,很(hen)早(zao)就成(cheng)為張(zhang)裕等許多葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)產廠家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料供應(ying)地(di)(di),先(xian)后又有(you)中(zhong)糧(liang)集團、天津(jin)王朝、大連萬(wan)(wan)(wan)達(da)(da)在(zai)蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)建(jian)立了原(yuan)料基地(di)(di)。蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)市(shi)現(xian)有(you)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),其中(zhong)釀(niang)(niang)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)2/3,鮮(xian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)1/3。栽培的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)50多個(ge)(ge),其中(zhong)紅色(se)釀(niang)(niang)造(zao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)15個(ge)(ge),白色(se)釀(niang)(niang)造(zao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8個(ge)(ge),鮮(xian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20個(ge)(ge),釀(niang)(niang)造(zao)兼(jian)生(sheng)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8個(ge)(ge)。
海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)是中(zhong)國20多種(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)中(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)最好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong),也是蓬萊(lai)最重要的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)產(chan)(chan)珍品之一(yi)(yi)。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)屬(shu)棘皮動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)綱(gang),體呈圓筒狀,背面(mian)隆起,有(you)4-6行(xing)(xing)大小(xiao)不等、排列不規(gui)則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)圓錐體肉(rou)疣,腹(fu)面(mian)平坦,管足密集(ji),排列成(cheng)(cheng)3條不規(gui)則(ze)縱帶。口(kou)在(zai)(zai)前端(duan),周圍(wei)有(you)觸手;肛門(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)后端(duan),骼(ge)路為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)各種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)(wei)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)質(zhi)(zhi)片。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)喜生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)深3一(yi)(yi)15米、底(di)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)、海(hai)藻生(sheng)長繁茂、風浪(lang)沖擊較小(xiao)、無(wu)(wu)大量(liang)淡水(shui)(shui)注入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)。白(bai)天(tian)伏在(zai)(zai)亂(luan)石(shi)縫(feng)隙間,夜間依靠(kao)管足與身體的(de)(de)(de)收縮緩慢(man)爬行(xing)(xing)尋食(shi)(shi),依靠(kao)口(kou)周觸手探(tan)索(suo)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu),將有(you)機(ji)碎屑、底(di)棲微(wei)(wei)小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(如硅(gui)藻、原生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)、腹(fu)足類以(yi)及(ji)(ji)石(shi)莼等)連(lian)同(tong)泥沙吞食(shi)(shi)。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)的(de)(de)(de)自生(sheng)能(neng)力極(ji)(ji)強,遇到敵(di)害時,會將內臟由(you)肚門(men)(men)排出體外(wai),兩個(ge)月后又能(neng)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng),即使身斷2?段,也能(neng)分(fen)別形成(cheng)(cheng)2?個(ge)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)單體,因有(you) “斷胃排腸(chang)(chang)(chang)活(huo)海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)”之說。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)6月中(zhong)旬產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)繁殖,當水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)升至20度(du)以(yi)上(shang)時開始夏眠,水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)降至18度(du)時蘇醒。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)營養(yang)豐富,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)高(gao),不含膽(dan)固醇,是高(gao)級滋(zi)補(bu)晶,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)珍品之冠。據分(fen)析,鮮刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)化學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):水(shui)(shui)分(fen)76.5%,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)14.1%,灰(hui)(hui)分(fen)0.3一(yi)(yi)1.1%,熱量(liang)94千卡:干(gan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)化學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)含水(shui)(shui)分(fen)5.0克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)76.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),脂肪(fang)(fang)1.1克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),碳水(shui)(shui)化合物(wu)(wu) 13.2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),灰(hui)(hui)分(fen)3.8克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),鈣357毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),鐵2.4毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),硫胺素0.01毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),核(he)黃索(suo)0.02毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),尼克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)酸0.1毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。每公斤干(gan)海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)含碘6000微(wei)(wei)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)雖含三(san)磷酸腺管(ATP)較少,口(kou)味度(du)較差(cha),但營養(yang)價(jia)(jia)值極(ji)(ji)高(gao),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)它含有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)光氨(an)(an)酸、精氨(an)(an)酸、松(song)氨(an)(an)酸等,而(er)(er)且蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)溶性,不需要鹽、酸、堿及(ji)(ji)脂肪(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)幫(bang)助即可(ke)分(fen)解(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)各種(zhong)(zhong)極(ji)(ji)易(yi)被人(ren)體吸收的(de)(de)(de)氨(an)(an)基酸。在(zai)(zai)醫學(xue)上(shang),海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)有(you)補(bu)腎(shen)壯(zhuang)陽、益氣(qi)補(bu)陰、通腸(chang)(chang)(chang)潤燥之功能(neng),可(ke)用(yong)于治(zhi)療腎(shen)虛陽痙、腰膝酸軟、腸(chang)(chang)(chang)燥便(bian)秘、神(shen)經衰弱、再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)障礙性貧血(xue)、糖尿病等。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)中(zhong)還含有(you)硫酸軟骨索(suo),有(you)強體抗衰、抑制(zhi)腫(zhong)瘤的(de)(de)(de)功效。中(zhong)醫認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)性溫(wen)補(bu),足敵(di)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)”。海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)不易(yi)采捕,加工復(fu)雜,故歷來身價(jia)(jia)昂貴。采捕海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)要穿潛水(shui)(shui)衣潛入(ru)海(hai)底(di)尋找,采捕的(de)(de)(de)鮮參(can)(can)(can)(can)要立即剖腹(fu)排臟,經水(shui)(shui)煮(zhu)、腌漬,再(zai)(zai)拌草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)曬干(gan)方為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商品干(gan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),否則(ze)會自行(xing)(xing)溶為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)團凝膠而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)法食(shi)(shi)用(yong)。商品參(can)(can)(can)(can)以(yi)個(ge)頭(tou)齊,肉(rou)肥厚,體完(wan)整,刺(ci)(ci)(ci)挺拔,開口(kou)正,干(gan)度(du)足,體表光澤,體內無(wu)(wu)余腸(chang)(chang)(chang)泥沙,每斤在(zai)(zai)35個(ge)以(yi)內者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)品。蓬萊(lai)市淺海(hai)巖(yan)(yan)礁(jiao)水(shui)(shui)域廣(guang)闊,是煙臺市刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)重點地區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)(yi)。蓬萊(lai)沿(yan)海(hai)2.9萬畝巖(yan)(yan)礁(jiao)區(qu)(qu)皆有(you)海(hai)參(can)(can)(can)(can)分(fen)布(bu),自然資源(yuan)(yuan)存量(liang)約1100噸(dun)。80年(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來,采取向(xiang)海(hai)底(di)投放(fang)人(ren)工礁(jiao)、投放(fang)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)苗等形式增殖刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)資源(yuan)(yuan),大力發展刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)集(ji)約化半生(sheng)態(tai)養(yang)殖業,90年(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來全市年(nian)產(chan)(chan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)(can)(can)均在(zai)(zai)七八十(shi)噸(dun)以(yi)上(shang)。
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo) 優系(xi)(xi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)是(shi)在(zai)全(quan)國范圍內優選(xuan)(xuan)出的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)單株在(zai)蓬萊復(fu)選(xuan)(xuan)圃中選(xuan)(xuan)育出的優 秀(xiu)晶(jing)系(xi)(xi),主要(yao)有(you)“煙富(fu)(fu)”6個(ge)型號,其共同特(te)點(dian)是(shi):結果(guo)(guo)早(zao),豐產,個(ge)大(da),平均單果(guo)(guo)重300克左(zuo)右,且(qie)果(guo)(guo)形 端正,整齊(qi)度高(gao);著色早(zao),色澤鮮艷美觀,全(quan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)果(guo)(guo)率高(gao);肉質(zhi)硬脆,色黃白,皮藩(fan),汁多味濃,含糖(tang)量可達19%;耐貯(zhu)運,特(te)別是(shi)套袋(dai)果(guo)(guo)實倍受外商歡迎,是(shi)蓬萊市(shi)出口創(chuang)匯的大(da)宗果(guo)(guo)品之(zhi)一。優系(xi)(xi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)喜光,生長期需(xu)要(yao)高(gao)溫和長日照,宜栽(zai)培于土層深厚、排(pai)水良好的向陽坡地。蓬萊市(shi)氣(qi)候、土壤非(fei)常適(shi)合優系(xi)(xi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)的生長,全(quan)市(shi)栽(zai)培面(mian)積已達8萬畝,年總產在(zai)20萬噸(dun)以(yi)上。優系(xi)(xi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)冷庫(ku)貯(zhu)藏,可周年供應市(shi)場。
巴(ba)梨(li)[洋(yang)梨(li)] 巴(ba)梨(li)俗稱“洋(yang)梨(li)”,因果實狀(zhuang)若(ruo)丫腰葫(hu)蘆(lu)故又(you)名“葫(hu)蘆(lu)梨(li)”,是(shi)蓬(peng)萊傳(chuan)統(tong)的水果之一,栽培(pei)歷史悠(you)久。 巴(ba)梨(li)風味獨特,品質極(ji)佳,單果重200克左右,充分成熟(shu)后(hou),果皮呈(cheng)黃(huang)色(se),陽面(mian)有紅暈,皮薄,肉乳白 色(se),質細(xi)(xi)軟而易溶(rong),汁極(ji)多(duo),無石細(xi)(xi)胞(不(bu)澀(se)口),味濃(nong)甜芳香,含糖量(liang)高(gao)達15%。蓬(peng)萊巴(ba)梨(li)歷史上多(duo)次獲 譽,1995年又(you)在(zai)中國(guo)第二屆農(nong)業博覽會上榮獲金(jin)獎。巴(ba)梨(li)是(shi)西洋(yang)梨(li)系中僅(jin)存的珍品,最宜鮮食,極(ji)受人們(men)(尤其(qi)老人)的喜愛。巴(ba)梨(li)一般9月(yue)(yue)上旬成熟(shu),因不(bu)耐貯(zhu)運,多(duo)在(zai)8月(yue)(yue)中、下旬采摘(zhai)青果貯(zhu)存,待(dai)其(qi)泛黃(huang)后(hou)食用。蓬(peng)萊市氣候、土壤條(tiao)件特別適宜巴(ba)梨(li)生長,全市栽培(pei)面(mian)積長期穩定在(zai)5000一6000畝之間,年產量(liang)4000~5000噸,主(zhu)要產地在(zai)王(wang)莊、村里(li)集、崮寺店、遇駕夼、南王(wang)等鄉鎮,每年有部(bu)分銷往東北和南方。
民俗風情
人(ren)間仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)——山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)蓬萊,是神(shen)(shen)(shen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)住(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)寶地(di),是八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)過海的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)則是神(shen)(shen)(shen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)們歇息的(de)(de)(de)公園。艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)流(liu)(liu)溝(gou)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)通(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)背(bei)尾西側(ce)巨巖疊石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)泓泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui),終年長流(liu)(liu)不涸。據傳(chuan)(chuan)遠古艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)旱,八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)云游至此(ci)(ci),鐵(tie)拐李(li)見狀頓生義心(xin),遂舉(ju)拐遙指(zhi)蒼(cang)穹,八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)齊念(nian)咒作法,終于(yu)(yu)引(yin)來天(tian)(tian)上(shang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui),百姓(xing)敬稱“通(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui)”。環繞北(bei)崮(gu)(gu)至西側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)(po)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隅有處(chu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)洞(dong),洞(dong)小(xiao)名氣大(da)(da),據傳(chuan)(chuan)從(cong)洞(dong)內(nei)可聞到海風的(de)(de)(de)氣息。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)爛漫的(de)(de)(de)春天(tian)(tian),曾有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農夫連牛(niu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)被吸進(jin)洞(dong)內(nei),人(ren)逃(tao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)洞(dong),卻遍(bian)體冰凌,以為犯了(le)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren),長跪不起(qi)(qi),“仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)洞(dong)”因此(ci)(ci)而(er)得名。“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劍(jian)(jian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”位(wei)于(yu)(yu)艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)解(jie)甲嶺南端東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)崮(gu)(gu)頂(ding)中心(xin),傳(chuan)(chuan)說唐(tang)王率(lv)兵至此(ci)(ci),將(jiang)士(shi)口渴難耐,唐(tang)王拔劍(jian)(jian)直刺地(di)下(xia),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)股清泉(quan)(quan)(quan)噴涌而(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu),至今泉(quan)(quan)(quan)池不涸。“唐(tang)王圣泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”位(wei)于(yu)(yu)南崮(gu)(gu)主峰南坡(po)(po),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巖壁(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)涓(juan)涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu),石(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)留有“唐(tang)王圣泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”、“龍口” 等金代(dai)石(shi)刻。據傳(chuan)(chuan)唐(tang)王為解(jie)將(jiang)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渴,拔劍(jian)(jian)直刺峭壁(bi),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)隨劍(jian)(jian)而(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu),將(jiang)士(shi)喝此(ci)(ci)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui),士(shi)氣倍增,故又叫“劍(jian)(jian)刺泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”。北(bei)崮(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)飲馬灣(wan),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)插旗頂(ding)北(bei)坡(po)(po)腳下(xia),據傳(chuan)(chuan)唐(tang)王為解(jie)決屯兵飲水(shui),挺立山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),將(jiang)玉(yu)劍(jian)(jian)直指(zhi)蒼(cang)穹,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陣(zhen)呼嘯過后,玉(yu)劍(jian)(jian)猛然落(luo)地(di),被水(shui)龍激起(qi)(qi),劃破長空,落(luo)地(di)劃出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)灣(wan),形(xing)成“飲馬灣(wan)”,千軍萬馬用(yong)水(shui)不竭(jie)。
旅游紀念品
“萬斛珠(zhu)璣”,出于(yu)平凡,生于(yu)自(zi)然(ran),但(dan)不洗不凈,不煉不純。蘇軾有(you)詩序(xu)謂“蓬萊閣下,石壁千(qian)丈(zhang);為海浪(lang)所戰,時有(you)碎裂(lie),淘(tao)灑歲久(jiu),皆圓熟可(ke)愛”,說的(de)就是海邊被(bei)人比著(zhu)(zhu)珠(zhu)璣的(de)卵石。游人多俯拾(shi)數枚,留著(zhu)(zhu)紀(ji)念,以(yi)效東坡(po)“我拾(shi)此石歸,袖(xiu)中(zhong)有(you)東海”,“置之盆盎中(zhong),日與海山對。”
“丫(ya)(ya)丫(ya)(ya)葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu)”,蓬萊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能工巧(qiao)匠(jiang)們將(jiang)拳頭大小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu),采摘(zhai)下來煮后(hou),把葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu)外(wai)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)薄(bo)皮輕輕地(di)用特(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹刀一(yi)(yi)點點刮去,再把刮好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu)曬干(gan)。曬好之(zhi)后(hou),在葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu)上打上小磨香油(you),用粗布(bu)磨來磨去,直磨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu)油(you)光放亮,然后(hou)再用特(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三角小刀在葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu)上雕(diao)刻上透明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栩(xu)栩(xu)如生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八仙過海(hai)、花朵花葉(xie)、人物、山(shan)水(shui)等圖案,描紅(hong)上色,一(yi)(yi)個地(di)地(di)到到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間工藝制(zhi)品-丫(ya)(ya)丫(ya)(ya)葫(hu)(hu)蘆(lu)(lu)(lu),便(bian)制(zhi)成了。
草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian),民間廣泛流行的(de)一種(zhong)手工藝品。是利用(yong)各(ge)地(di)所產的(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),就地(di)取材,編(bian)(bian)成各(ge)種(zhong)生活用(yong)品,如提籃、果盒、杯套、盆墊(dian)、帽(mao)子、拖鞋和(he)枕、席等(deng)(deng)。有(you)的(de)利用(yong)事(shi)先染有(you)各(ge)種(zhong)彩色的(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),編(bian)(bian)織各(ge)種(zhong)圖案,有(you)的(de)則編(bian)(bian)好后加印裝飾(shi)紋樣。既經濟實用(yong),又美(mei)觀(guan)大方。蓬(peng)萊的(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)制品以麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)為主,品種(zhong)有(you)花樣辮、手編(bian)(bian)提籃、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)帽(mao)、茶杯墊(dian)、坐墊(dian)、門簾、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)毯等(deng)(deng)十幾種(zhong)、數百(bai)個(ge)品種(zhong),所用(yong)之原料(liao)有(you)麥秸草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、金絲草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、玉米皮(pi)、蒲草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、茅草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、棉桿皮(pi)等(deng)(deng)十幾種(zhong)植物秸桿和(he)莖(jing)葉(xie)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)工藝精細,造(zao)型美(mei)觀(guan),色彩協調,文雅質樸,極具使用(yong)性(xing)和(he)觀(guan)賞(shang)性(xing)。
珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)珠(zhu),晶瑩閃爍,奇光異彩,古(gu)往(wang)今來(lai)就(jiu)是(shi)人們公(gong)認的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)寶,是(shi)優美、珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)貴的(de)象征。古(gu)今中外(wai),有著許許多多關于(yu)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)珠(zhu)的(de)神話傳說(shuo)(shuo),有人說(shuo)(shuo)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)珠(zhu)是(shi)神女的(de)眼淚,珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)珠(zhu)將為人類帶來(lai)美好、幸福;也有傳說(shuo)(shuo),每當海上升明月,珠(zhu)蚌即浮上水面,對著天空打開貝扇,讓內里的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)珠(zhu)吸取(qu)月華,滋養生命。
珍珠用作首飾,特別是(shi)項(xiang)鏈極(ji)為美(mei)觀,戴之令人添(tian)風雅(ya)、增神韻,艷(yan)而(er)不媚、華(hua)而(er)不俗(su),正(zheng)是(shi)有她純潔、高貴(gui)、柔情等獨特魅力,贏得(de)了廣大愛美(mei)女士的青睞和男士的欣賞。
蓬萊的貝雕(diao)繼承和(he)發(fa)揚了中國傳統工藝(yi)(yi),巧用貝殼的天然色(se)澤(ze)和(he)紋理形狀(zhuang),以八仙、花鳥、人物(wu)、山水、靜物(wu)為(wei)題材(cai)精心雕(diao)琢(zhuo)成(cheng)包括(kuo)彩(cai)繪屏風(feng)、彩(cai)繪工藝(yi)(yi)品、鑲嵌工藝(yi)(yi)品等(deng)。品種齊全、形式多(duo)樣、具有鮮(xian)明的裝飾性(xing)和(he)欣(xin)賞性(xing),以其構圖(tu)新穎(ying)、工藝(yi)(yi)精湛、色(se)彩(cai)絢(xuan)麗、寓意深(shen)切而享譽中外。
地方風情與傳說
人間仙(xian)境(jing)--山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東蓬(peng)萊,是神(shen)仙(xian)住的(de)寶(bao)地,是八(ba)仙(xian)過海的(de)地方,艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)則是神(shen)仙(xian)們歇息的(de)公園。艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東流(liu)溝的(de)通(tong)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui),位(wei)于通(tong)天(tian)(tian)背尾(wei)西側巨巖疊石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),一(yi)(yi)(yi)泓泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),終年長流(liu)不涸(he)。據傳(chuan)遠(yuan)古(gu)艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大旱,八(ba)仙(xian)云游至(zhi)此(ci),鐵拐(guai)李見(jian)狀頓生義(yi)心,遂舉拐(guai)遙(yao)指蒼穹,八(ba)仙(xian)齊(qi)念咒作法(fa),終于引來天(tian)(tian)上神(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui),百(bai)姓(xing)敬(jing)稱“通(tong)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)”。環繞(rao)北崮至(zhi)西側山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)一(yi)(yi)(yi)隅有處仙(xian)人洞,洞小名氣(qi)大,據傳(chuan)從洞內可聞(wen)到海風(feng)的(de)氣(qi)息。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個爛(lan)漫的(de)春天(tian)(tian),曾有一(yi)(yi)(yi)農夫連牛一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)被(bei)(bei)吸進(jin)洞內,人逃出(chu)(chu)(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)洞,卻遍體(ti)冰凌,以為犯(fan)了仙(xian)人,長跪不起(qi),“仙(xian)人洞”因(yin)此(ci)而得名。“一(yi)(yi)(yi)劍泉(quan)”位(wei)于艾(ai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)解(jie)(jie)甲嶺南(nan)端東側崮頂(ding)中(zhong)心,傳(chuan)說(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)王(wang)(wang)率兵至(zhi)此(ci),將士(shi)口渴難耐,唐(tang)(tang)(tang)王(wang)(wang)拔劍直刺(ci)地下(xia),一(yi)(yi)(yi)股清(qing)泉(quan)噴涌(yong)而出(chu)(chu)(chu),至(zhi)今泉(quan)池(chi)不涸(he)。“唐(tang)(tang)(tang)王(wang)(wang)圣(sheng)泉(quan)”位(wei)于南(nan)崮主峰南(nan)坡(po),一(yi)(yi)(yi)巖壁之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涓(juan)涓(juan)流(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu),石(shi)(shi)壁上留(liu)有“唐(tang)(tang)(tang)王(wang)(wang)圣(sheng)泉(quan)”、“龍口” 等金代石(shi)(shi)刻。據傳(chuan)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)王(wang)(wang)為解(jie)(jie)將士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)渴,拔劍直刺(ci)峭壁,泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)隨劍而出(chu)(chu)(chu),將士(shi)喝此(ci)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),士(shi)氣(qi)倍增,故又(you)叫“劍刺(ci)泉(quan)”。北崮的(de)飲馬灣(wan),位(wei)于插旗(qi)頂(ding)北坡(po)腳下(xia),據傳(chuan)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)王(wang)(wang)為解(jie)(jie)決屯兵飲水(shui)(shui)(shui),挺立山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)之(zhi)(zhi)上,將玉劍直指蒼穹,一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣呼嘯過后(hou),玉劍猛然落地,被(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)龍激起(qi),劃破(po)長空,落地劃出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灣(wan),形(xing)成“飲馬灣(wan)”,千軍萬馬用水(shui)(shui)(shui)不竭(jie)。