《針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)甲乙(yi)經》,又稱《黃帝甲乙(yi)經》《黃帝三(san)部(bu)針(zhen)經》《黃帝針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)甲乙(yi)經》。西晉(jin)·皇甫(fu)謐撰,12卷,128篇,成書于公元282年(nian)。前六卷論(lun)述(shu)基礎理論(lun),后六卷記(ji)錄各(ge)(ge)種疾病(bing)的臨(lin)床治療,包括病(bing)因、病(bing)機、癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)、診斷、取穴、治法和(he)預(yu)后等(deng)。采用分部(bu)和(he)按(an)經分類法,厘定了(le)腧穴,詳述(shu)了(le)各(ge)(ge)部(bu)穴位(wei)的適應證和(he)禁忌、針(zhen)刺深度(du)與(yu)灸(jiu)(jiu)的壯(zhuang)數,是我國現(xian)存最早的一部(bu)理論(lun)聯系實際的針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)學專著。
《針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)甲乙(yi)經(jing)(jing)》卷(juan)(juan)一至(zhi)卷(juan)(juan)六(liu)為(wei)(wei)中醫基(ji)本(ben)理(li)論(lun)和針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)基(ji)礎知識,卷(juan)(juan)七(qi)(qi)至(zhi)卷(juan)(juan)十(shi)二(er)為(wei)(wei)臨床治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)部(bu)(bu)分,包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)各(ge)種疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)因病(bing)機、癥狀和腧(shu)(shu)穴(xue)(xue)主治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。卷(juan)(juan)一主要論(lun)述(shu)(shu)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生理(li)功(gong)能以及臟腑(fu)與(yu)(yu)肢體(ti)五官(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系等(deng)。卷(juan)(juan)二(er)論(lun)述(shu)(shu)十(shi)二(er)經(jing)(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、奇經(jing)(jing)八脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、十(shi)二(er)經(jing)(jing)標本(ben)、經(jing)(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循行(xing)路線和發(fa)病(bing)情(qing)況以及骨度(du)、腸度(du)等(deng)。卷(juan)(juan)三(san)為(wei)(wei)腧(shu)(shu)穴(xue)(xue)主治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(bu)分,共(gong)厘定了(le)(le)腧(shu)(shu)穴(xue)(xue)348個(ge)(其中單穴(xue)(xue)49個(ge),雙穴(xue)(xue)299個(ge)),并采用(yong)分部(bu)(bu)依線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法,劃分了(le)(le)頭面、頸(jing)、胸、腹、四肢等(deng)35條(tiao)線路。詳細敘述(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)各(ge)穴(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)位、針(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)深度(du)與(yu)(yu)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壯數。卷(juan)(juan)四敘述(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)診(zhen)法,包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)望聞問切(qie)四診(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)內容(rong),重(zhong)點(dian)論(lun)述(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)四時平脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)與(yu)(yu)臟腑(fu)病(bing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、死脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)以及三(san)部(bu)(bu)九(jiu)候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)診(zhen)斷(duan)方(fang)法。卷(juan)(juan)五為(wei)(wei)針(zhen)道,詳述(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)九(jiu)針(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀、長度(du)和作用(yong)、針(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)法和補瀉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法、針(zhen)刺(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禁穴(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)禁忌等(deng)。卷(juan)(juan)六(liu)以陰陽五行(xing)學說為(wei)(wei)核心,論(lun)述(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)生理(li)與(yu)(yu)病(bing)理(li)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些具(ju)體(ti)問題。從卷(juan)(juan)七(qi)(qi)至(zhi)卷(juan)(juan)十(shi)二(er)為(wei)(wei)臨床治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)部(bu)(bu)分,包括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)內、外(wai)、婦、兒等(deng)科(ke),尤以內科(ke)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點(dian),涉及多種病(bing)證,在治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)方(fang)面,書(shu)中介紹了(le)(le)晉以前針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)各(ge)種疾病(bing)豐富而寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗,全書(shu)共(gong)列腧(shu)(shu)穴(xue)(xue)主治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)800多條(tiao),為(wei)(wei)后世針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展打(da)下了(le)(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。同時《針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)甲乙(yi)經(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腧(shu)(shu)穴(xue)(xue)和腧(shu)(shu)穴(xue)(xue)主治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(bu)分保存了(le)(le)已失傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《明堂孔穴(xue)(xue)針(zhen)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)。
皇甫(fu)謐總結了魏晉(jin)以前的(de)針灸(jiu)學成(cheng)就,吸(xi)收了《素問》《針經》《明堂(tang)孔(kong)穴(xue)針灸(jiu)治要》的(de)精(jing)華,刪(shan)其浮(fu)辭(ci),除其重(zhong)復,做了十分繁重(zhong)的(de)選(xuan)材整(zheng)理工作,并(bing)加入了自己的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)經驗而著成(cheng)本(ben)書。
皇(huang)甫謐(215~282),魏晉間學者(zhe)、作家、醫(yi)學家。幼名靜,字士安(an),號玄(xuan)晏先生,安(an)定朝(chao)那人。從(cong)席坦學儒。武帝屢下詔征,皆稱病不(bu)就,終身不(bu)仕。左思作《三(san)都賦》成,請其作序,遂(sui)見(jian)重于世。中(zhong)年患風痹,乃鉆(zhan)研醫(yi)學。著有《帝王世紀》、《高士傳》、《烈女(nv)傳》、《玄(xuan)晏春(chun)秋(qiu)》、《針灸甲乙經》等(deng)。
臣聞(wen)通(tong)天地(di)人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)儒,通(tong)天地(di)不通(tong)人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)技,斯醫(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)雖曰(yue)(yue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)技,其(qi)實儒者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事乎(hu)。班固序(xu)《藝(yi)文(wen)志》,稱儒者(zhe)(zhe)助人(ren)(ren)君,順(shun)陰(yin)陽(yang),明(ming)教化(hua),此亦(yi)通(tong)天地(di)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)也(ye)。又(you)云(yun)∶方(fang)(fang)(fang)技者(zhe)(zhe),論(lun)病以及(ji)國(guo),原診(zhen)以知政(zheng)。非(fei)能通(tong)三(san)才之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奧(ao),安能及(ji)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)哉(zai)。晉·皇(huang)甫謐博綜典籍百家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),沉靜寡欲,有(you)高尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。得風(feng)痹,因而(er)(er)學醫(yi),習覽(lan)經方(fang)(fang)(fang),前臻至(zhi)妙。取黃(huang)帝《素(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)》、《針(zhen)經》、《明(ming)堂》三(san)部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu),撰為《針(zhen)灸(jiu)經》十(shi)(shi)二卷,歷古儒者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不能及(ji)也(ye)。或曰(yue)(yue):《素(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)》、《針(zhen)經》、《明(ming)堂》三(san)部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu),非(fei)黃(huang)帝書(shu),似(si)出于(yu)戰國(guo)。曰(yue)(yue):人(ren)(ren)生天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,八尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軀(qu),臟(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堅脆,腑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小(xiao),谷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多少,脈(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)短,血(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清濁,十(shi)(shi)二經之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)氣大數(shu),皮膚包(bao)絡其(qi)外(wai),可剖而(er)(er)視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?非(fei)大圣(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)智(zhi),孰能知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),戰國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)何與焉。大哉(zai)!《黃(huang)帝內經》十(shi)(shi)八卷,《針(zhen)經》三(san)卷,最出遠(yuan)(yuan)古。皇(huang)甫士安能撰而(er)(er)集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惜簡編(bian)脫落已(yi)多,是使文(wen)字錯亂,義理(li)顛倒(dao),世(shi)失其(qi)傳,學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)鮮(xian)矣(yi)。唐·甄權但(dan)修《明(ming)堂圖》,孫思邈從(cong)而(er)(er)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)余(yu)篇(pian)第亦(yi)不能盡言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。國(guo)家(jia)詔儒臣校正醫(yi)書(shu),今取《素(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)》、《九墟》、《靈(ling)樞》、《太素(su)(su)經》、《千金(jin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)》及(ji)《翼》、《外(wai)臺秘要》諸家(jia)善(shan)書(shu)校對玉成,繕寫將備親(qin)覽(lan)。恭惟主上(shang)(shang)圣(sheng)(sheng)哲衣冠文(wen)明(ming),光輝上(shang)(shang)下,孝(xiao)慈仁德,蒙被眾庶,大頒岐黃(huang),遠(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)外(wai),使皇(huang)化(hua)兆(zhao)于(yu)無窮,和氣浹而(er)(er)充塞,茲亦(yi)助人(ren)(ren)靈(ling),順(shun)陰(yin)陽(yang),明(ming)教化(hua)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)端云(yun)。
國子博(bo)士臣(chen)(chen)高保衡尚書(shu)屯田郎中臣(chen)(chen)孫(sun)奇光祿(lu)卿直秘閣(ge)臣(chen)(chen)林億等上
夫醫道所(suo)(suo)興,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來久(jiu)矣(yi)。上古神農始嘗草木而(er)知(zhi)百藥。黃帝(di)咨訪(fang)岐伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)高、少俞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)徒,內(nei)考五臟六腑,外綜(zong)經(jing)絡血氣色候(hou),參之(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)地(di),驗之(zhi)(zhi)人物(wu)(wu),本(ben)性(xing)命(ming),窮(qiong)神極(ji)變,而(er)針道生(sheng)焉(yan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)論(lun)至(zhi)妙,雷(lei)公(gong)(gong)受(shou)業傳(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)后(hou)。伊尹(yin)以(yi)亞圣之(zhi)(zhi)才,撰用《神農本(ben)草》以(yi)為(wei)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)液。中古名醫有(you)(you)(you)俞(yu)跗、醫緩、扁鵲(que),秦有(you)(you)(you)醫和,漢有(you)(you)(you)倉(cang)公(gong)(gong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)論(lun)皆(jie)經(jing)理(li)(li)識本(ben),非(fei)徒診(zhen)病而(er)已(yi)。漢有(you)(you)(you)華佗、張仲(zhong)景(jing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它奇方異治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),施世(shi)者多,亦不(bu)(bu)能盡記其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)末(mo)。若知(zhi)直祭酒(jiu)劉(liu)季琰(yan)病發于(yu)(yu)畏惡,治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)瘥(chai),云(yun):后(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)年季琰(yan)病應發,發當(dang)(dang)有(you)(you)(you)感,仍(reng)本(ben)于(yu)(yu)畏惡,病動必死(si),終(zhong)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。仲(zhong)景(jing)見(jian)侍(shi)中王仲(zhong)宣時年二(er)十余(yu),謂曰(yue):“君有(you)(you)(you)病,四(si)十當(dang)(dang)眉落(luo),眉落(luo)半年而(er)死(si),令服(fu)五石湯(tang)(tang)(tang)可免。”仲(zhong)宣嫌其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)忤,受(shou)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)而(er)勿服(fu)。居三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri),見(jian)仲(zhong)宣謂曰(yue):“服(fu)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)否?”仲(zhong)宣曰(yue):“已(yi)服(fu)。”仲(zhong)景(jing)曰(yue):“色候(hou)固非(fei)服(fu)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)診(zhen),君何輕命(ming)也(ye)。”仲(zhong)宣猶不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。后(hou)二(er)十年果(guo)眉落(luo),后(hou)一百八十七日(ri)(ri)而(er)死(si),終(zhong)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。此(ci)二(er)事(shi)(shi)雖扁鵲(que)、倉(cang)公(gong)(gong)無以(yi)加也(ye)。華佗性(xing)惡矜技,終(zhong)以(yi)戮死(si)。仲(zhong)景(jing)論(lun)廣伊尹(yin)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)液為(wei)數(shu)十卷(juan)(juan),用之(zhi)(zhi)多驗。近(jin)代(dai)太醫令王叔和撰次仲(zhong)景(jing),選論(lun)甚精(jing)(jing)(jing),指事(shi)(shi)可施用。按∶《七略(lve)·藝文(wen)(wen)志》,《黃帝(di)內(nei)經(jing)》十八卷(juan)(juan)。今有(you)(you)(you)《針經(jing)》九(jiu)(jiu)卷(juan)(juan),《素(su)問》九(jiu)(jiu)卷(juan)(juan),二(er)九(jiu)(jiu)十八卷(juan)(juan),即《內(nei)經(jing)》也(ye)。亦有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)亡失,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)論(lun)遐(xia)遠,然稱述多而(er)切事(shi)(shi)少,有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)編(bian)次。比按倉(cang)公(gong)(gong)傳(chuan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)學皆(jie)出于(yu)(yu)《素(su)問》,論(lun)病精(jing)(jing)(jing)微。《九(jiu)(jiu)卷(juan)(juan)》是原(yuan)本(ben)經(jing)脈,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義深奧,不(bu)(bu)易覺也(ye)。又有(you)(you)(you)《明堂(tang)孔穴針灸(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)》,皆(jie)黃帝(di)岐伯(bo)(bo)(bo)選事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)部同(tong)歸,文(wen)(wen)多重復,錯互非(fei)一。甘露(lu)中,吾(wu)病風加苦(ku)聾,百日(ri)(ri)方治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)皆(jie)淺近(jin),乃撰集三(san)(san)(san)部,使事(shi)(shi)類(lei)相(xiang)從(cong),刪(shan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)辭(ci),除其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重復,論(lun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)要(yao)(yao),至(zhi)為(wei)十二(er)卷(juan)(juan)。《易》曰(yue):觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)聚,而(er)天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)事(shi)(shi)見(jian)矣(yi)。況(kuang)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)乎?事(shi)(shi)類(lei)相(xiang)從(cong),聚之(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)。夫受(shou)先人之(zhi)(zhi)體,有(you)(you)(you)八尺之(zhi)(zhi)軀,而(er)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)醫事(shi)(shi),此(ci)所(suo)(suo)謂游魂耳。若不(bu)(bu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)通于(yu)(yu)醫道,雖有(you)(you)(you)忠孝之(zhi)(zhi)心,仁慈之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing),君父危困,赤子涂地(di),無以(yi)濟之(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)固圣賢(xian)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)思極(ji)論(lun)盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理(li)(li)也(ye)。由此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),焉(yan)可忽乎?其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)論(lun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)有(you)(you)(you)理(li)(li),雖不(bu)(bu)切于(yu)(yu)近(jin)事(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)甚刪(shan)也(ye)。若必精(jing)(jing)(jing)要(yao)(yao),后(hou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)閑暇,當(dang)(dang)撰核(he)以(yi)為(wei)教(jiao)經(jing)云(yun)爾。
有北宋熙寧二(er)年初(chu)刊本(ben)、南宋及(ji)元刊本(ben)、明正統二(er)年(1437)重(zhong)刊本(ben)、嘉靖(jing)刊本(ben)及(ji)《醫(yi)統正脈》刊本(ben)等。
北宋熙寧二年(1069),林(lin)億等曾對(dui)(dui)《針灸甲乙(yi)經》作校對(dui)(dui)繕寫,即(ji)所(suo)稱“新校正”。1980年山(shan)東中醫學院主持編寫了《針灸甲乙(yi)經》校釋(shi),人民衛(wei)生出(chu)版(ban)(ban)社(she)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)。
《針(zhen)灸(jiu)甲乙(yi)經(jing)》對針(zhen)灸(jiu)的(de)發展起(qi)了承前啟后的(de)巨大作用(yong),由晉到宋的(de)針(zhen)灸(jiu)著作,如《銅人腧(shu)穴針(zhen)灸(jiu)圖(tu)經(jing)》,其穴位(wei)和適應(ying)證(zheng)基本(ben)上沒有超出本(ben)書(shu)的(de)范圍。如《針(zhen)灸(jiu)資生(sheng)經(jing)》等(deng)專(zhuan)著,無不遵循本(ben)書(shu)編(bian)輯而(er)成(cheng)。明清兩(liang)代的(de)針(zhen)灸(jiu)著作,如《針(zhen)灸(jiu)聚英》《針(zhen)灸(jiu)大成(cheng)》等(deng)都是在本(ben)書(shu)基礎(chu)上發展起(qi)來。《針(zhen)灸(jiu)甲乙(yi)經(jing)》還流傳至(zhi)日(ri)本(ben)、朝鮮(xian),對兩(liang)國的(de)針(zhen)灸(jiu)學術與教育產(chan)生(sheng)深遠影響(xiang)。