著名景色
大基名泉
現今,大(da)基(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)已成(cheng)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省著(zhu)名的(de)(de)旅(lv)游勝(sheng)地。大(da)基(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景區(qu)坐落于萊(lai)州市(shi)城東(dong)(dong)10公里處,東(dong)(dong)接崮(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南連寒同(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海拔(ba)476.9米,為萊(lai)州市(shi)有(you)名的(de)(de)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)一(yi)。大(da)基(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),古稱掖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體呈(cheng)半環狀,四(si)周群(qun)峰環抱,當中(zhong)為一(yi)深(shen)邃圓(yuan)闊的(de)(de)谷地,僅西(xi)南方(fang)有(you)一(yi)豁口(kou),自成(cheng)天然門戶。因(yin)谷內自古為道家所(suo)居,故俗稱道士谷。谷內林豐木繁,古木參天,芳草萋萋,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)花野果,清(qing)(qing)香流溢,因(yin)無村居阡陌,纖(xian)塵不染,清(qing)(qing)靜安謐。昔日谷底(di)清(qing)(qing)泉(quan)(quan)四(si)涌(yong),溪流縱橫,潺潺流水經年不斷。過去掖縣的(de)(de)八大(da)景之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)“大(da)基(ji)(ji)名泉(quan)(quan)”就在谷底(di)東(dong)(dong)坡原無生殿下的(de)(de)百花叢中(zhong)。冷冷清(qing)(qing)泉(quan)(quan)順著(zhu)石(shi)罅汩汩涌(yong)出,不斷滴入(ru)小(xiao)石(shi)池中(zhong),由池中(zhong)又緩(huan)緩(huan)漫出,其水清(qing)(qing)涼(liang)醇厚,甘美爽口(kou),水質極佳,因(yin)而譽(yu)之(zhi)為“大(da)基(ji)(ji)名泉(quan)(quan)”。這里山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)美谷美水美,清(qing)(qing)幽絕俗,因(yin)此自古就有(you)“郡之(zhi)甲(jia)勝(sheng)”之(zhi)美譽(yu)。早在魏晉(jin)南北朝時期,這里就是好仙樂道者們(men)隱居修(xiu)真(zhen)的(de)(de)理(li)想之(zhi)地。
道士谷
北魏(wei)永平年間(公(gong)元508-512年)光(guang)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao)就常于(yu)公(gong)務之(zhi)暇率僚佐、攜道(dao)(dao)(dao)俗,悠游(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin),在此(ci)谷中(zhong)談經論道(dao)(dao)(dao),渴飲甘泉。鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao)酷愛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川,慕仙樂(le)(le)道(dao)(dao)(dao),游(you)大(da)基山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)常常留(liu)(liu)宿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong),他(ta)(ta)曾(ceng)在大(da)基山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)結(jie)廬棲(qi)息(xi),特建居所,號(hao)曰“白云鄉青煙(yan)里”。在此(ci)修(xiu)身養性(xing)談老莊,掃石(shi)置壇,祭祀四神(shen),并(bing)吟詩揮毫,刻石(shi)以記,他(ta)(ta)在東西南(nan)北四峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巔和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)谷中(zhong)設仙壇五(wu)處,同時留(liu)(liu)下(xia)了這許多氣(qi)勢恢(hui)宏的摩(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻。鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao)兒子(zi)鄭(zheng)述(shu)祖(zu)少年時即曾(ceng)跟隨其父在光(guang)州(zhou)登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)臨水,其父“愛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)樂(le)(le)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”、悠久游(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)的活(huo)動和(he)思(si)想對(dui)(dui)鄭(zheng)述(shu)祖(zu)影響很深,五(wu)十(shi)年后(hou),北齊時期鄭(zheng)述(shu)祖(zu)亦任光(guang)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)再次(ci)重游(you)故地,在大(da)基山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亦留(liu)(liu)有石(shi)刻。因(yin)此(ci),自(zi)北朝開始,鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao)父子(zi)就與大(da)基山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)結(jie)下(xia)了不解之(zhi)緣。金元之(zhi)際道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)大(da)盛(sheng),從北以后(hou)歷代這里為道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)的一統天(tian)下(xia),也因(yin)此(ci)從某種意義上講,對(dui)(dui)大(da)基山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)士們來說,道(dao)(dao)(dao)士谷這一洞天(tian)福地是鄭(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao)留(liu)(liu)給他(ta)(ta)們的。
文化內蘊
環谷名跡
大基(ji)山(shan)環(huan)谷(gu)崖(ya)壁散藏著歷代摩崖(ya)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)24處(chu)(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)北(bei)魏書法家光州刺史鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)父子手書摩崖(ya)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14處(chu)(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)余(yu)為(wei)(wei)金元(yuan)明(ming)清題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)共10處(chu)(chu),這些刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大小不一(yi)(yi),多者(zhe)(zhe)數百字(zi)(zi),少(shao)者(zhe)(zhe)僅十余(yu)字(zi)(zi),主(zhu)要分(fen)布于四面諸峰(feng)、南(nan)北(bei)入谷(gu)處(chu)(chu)及谷(gu)之腹心處(chu)(chu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)以位于西(xi)(xi)山(shan)腰的(de)鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)書于延昌(chang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)512年(nian)(nian))的(de)《登大基(ji)山(shan)詩》,又(you)稱《置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仙壇(tan)(tan)(tan)詩》著名。北(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐫刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)于西(xi)(xi)峰(feng)東側山(shan)腰的(de)一(yi)(yi)長方形獨立巨石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高約2.90米(mi),寬4.20米(mi),厚約1.5米(mi),狀如(ru)枇杷果,故(gu)稱“枇杷石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)高約9厘米(mi),寬約10厘米(mi),共206字(zi)(zi),字(zi)(zi)字(zi)(zi)剛勁(jing)挺拔(ba),筆力雄(xiong)強,雖(sui)歷經千年(nian)(nian)滄桑,依(yi)然字(zi)(zi)跡清楚可辯,雄(xiong)偉壯(zhuang)觀,其(qi)(qi)(qi)詩中(zhong)云:“東峰(feng)青煙(yan)寺(si),西(xi)(xi)嶺(ling)白云堂(tang)。朱陽臺望遠,玄崖(ya)靈色光。四壇(tan)(tan)(tan)周(zhou)四嶺(ling),中(zhong)明(ming)起前崗。”這幾句詩,具體指明(ming)了(le)當年(nian)(nian)的(de)鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)所設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)各仙壇(tan)(tan)(tan)所在的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即(ji):在正東大基(ji)山(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)——大基(ji)頂,刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有《青煙(yan)寺(si)題(ti)字(zi)(zi)》;西(xi)(xi)峰(feng)極頂,鐫有《白云堂(tang)》題(ti)字(zi)(zi);南(nan)端(duan)一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)頂,有《朱陽臺》題(ti)字(zi)(zi);東北(bei)端(duan)一(yi)(yi)峰(feng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)峰(feng)頂狀如(ru)蓮花(hua),俗稱“蓮花(hua)盆”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有《玄靈宮》題(ti)字(zi)(zi),谷(gu)底中(zhong)心,一(yi)(yi)塊立體三(san)角形狀的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頭上(shang),三(san)在刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有字(zi)(zi),一(yi)(yi)面即(ji)為(wei)(wei)《中(zhong)明(ming)之壇(tan)(tan)(tan)》題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(另(ling)兩面分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)《青煙(yan)里》和《歲(sui)在壬(ren)辰(chen)建(jian)》題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke))。這也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)于谷(gu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)入口處(chu)(chu)路北(bei)側的(de)《大基(ji)山(shan)銘(ming)告》刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)所說的(de)鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)在大基(ji)山(shan)“掃石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五處(chu)(chu)仙壇(tan)(tan)(tan)”(見《銘(ming)告》刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),《銘(ming)告》刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)時奉告人們愛護山(shan)上(shang)的(de)“松林草木(mu)”),這五處(chu)(chu)仙壇(tan)(tan)(tan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)實并(bing)沒有構置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)什么(me)建(jian)筑物,只是(shi)“掃石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)”而(er)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭神的(de)場所,并(bing)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)記而(er)已,而(er)“三(san)角石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)面,《歲(sui)在壬(ren)辰(chen)建(jian)》刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),則記載了(le)鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仙壇(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)具體時間,即(ji)宣武延昌(chang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)——公元(yuan)512年(nian)(nian)。
南北名帖
而在谷(gu)的(de)南(nan)北入口處(chu),北朝刻(ke)石(shi)還有《北山(shan)門題(ti)(ti)(ti)字》《南(nan)山(shan)門題(ti)(ti)(ti)字》、《大基山(shan)銘告》、《云居(ju)館題(ti)(ti)(ti)字》等等。這些刻(ke)石(shi)除《云居(ju)館題(ti)(ti)(ti)字》、《石(shi)人(ren)名》2處(chu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)刻(ke)為(wei)(wei)鄭道昭之(zhi)子鄭述祖(天(tian)統元(yuan)年——565年)所留題(ti)(ti)(ti)刻(ke)外,余皆被(bei)認為(wei)(wei)鄭道昭題(ti)(ti)(ti)刻(ke)。所有這些北朝題(ti)(ti)(ti)刻(ke),均按東(dong)西(xi)南(nan)北中、前(qian)后(hou)(如(ru)前(qian)后(hou)山(shan)門)分布(bu),以“四方之(zhi)神”:青(qing)龍、白虎、朱雀(que)、玄武,來定東(dong)西(xi)南(nan)北四方之(zhi)位,它充(chong)分反映了鄭道昭晚(wan)年的(de)愛仙樂道思想(xiang)。
大基山的(de)這些北朝刻石,是《鄭道昭摩崖刻石》重要組成(cheng)部分,同云峰山刻石一樣,同為歷代(dai)書法家、金(jin)石學家所推崇并(bing)屢見著(zhu)錄,是我國古代(dai)書法藝術的(de)稀世(shi)珍寶(bao),在中(zhong)國書法藝術史(shi)上占有重要地位,至今(jin)中(zhong)外享有基盛譽。
另外(wai),在大基山(shan)西(xi)山(shan)腰(yao)等(deng)處(chu),除了有金元明清等(deng)時(shi)題刻以(yi)外(wai),谷(gu)內還有道(dao)觀(guan)遺址多處(chu)。金元時(shi),道(dao)教(jiao)盛(sheng)行,道(dao)教(jiao)全真(zhen)教(jiao)、興(xing)起膠(jiao)東,這里(li)(li)優美的景色,清靜的環(huan)境,使道(dao)士(shi)(shi)谷(gu)已成為道(dao)家(jia)修身養性理想的洞天福(fu)地。金未元初,著名道(dao)家(jia)全真(zhen)教(jiao)七真(zhen)人中(zhong)的劉長(chang)生、邱處(chu)機都曾在谷(gu)中(zhong)棲息修真(zhen)。劉長(chang)生奉金章宗御旨(zhi)曾在谷(gu)中(zhong)創(chuang)建先(xian)天觀(guan),在這里(li)(li)修真(zhen)終(zhong)生。繼劉長(chang)生之后,邱處(chu)機亦來到這里(li)(li)。從此以(yi)后,道(dao)士(shi)(shi)谷(gu)道(dao)教(jiao)盛(sheng)極(ji)一時(shi),道(dao)觀(guan)鱗次櫛比。金《先(xian)天觀(guan)》刻石和(he)邱處(chu)機的泰(tai)和(he)四年(1204年)《長(chang)春(chun)子道(dao)士(shi)(shi)谷(gu)春(chun)日登覽詩》刻石至今(jin)依然屹(yi)立于西(xi)山(shan)腰(yao)。歷代(dai)道(dao)家(jia)修建的老子廟、先(xian)天觀(guan)、玉皇(huang)殿、姑子庵等(deng),至現今(jin)
現今發展
由于大基山道(dao)士谷(gu)(gu)遠離塵囂,清靜(jing)安謐,景色宜人,也引來不少(shao)文人墨客到(dao)此(ci)尋(xun)幽攬勝,或隱居讀書谷(gu)(gu)中。因此(ci),谷(gu)(gu)中亦留有一定數量(liang)的金元以(yi)后的題刻。而許多文人墨客游大基山道(dao)士谷(gu)(gu)的著名的游記和詩篇中則(ze)散(san)見于地方志中。
建國(guo)(guo)后,由于封山(shan)(shan)造林,大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)道士(shi)谷(gu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)林資源更加豐富,茂密的(de)樹林遍布山(shan)(shan)谷(gu),使大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)道士(shi)谷(gu)更加山(shan)(shan)清(qing)(qing)水秀(xiu)、美(mei)麗清(qing)(qing)幽。大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)做為(wei)(wei)(wei)《云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)》的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成部分,先后列為(wei)(wei)(wei)縣和(he)(he)(he)省(sheng)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位(wei),1988年(nian)同(tong)(tong)云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)一起列為(wei)(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。多年(nian)來,尤其改(gai)革(ge)開放以來,大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)盟(meng)云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)一樣倍受國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)著(zhu)(zhu)名書(shu)家、學者以及書(shu)法愛(ai)好(hao)者,包括日(ri)本書(shu)道界(jie)著(zhu)(zhu)名書(shu)道家和(he)(he)(he)學者的(de)推崇和(he)(he)(he)青睞,參(can)觀考察研(yan)究云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)必到大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)道士(shi)谷(gu)。許多日(ri)本書(shu)道團(tuan)體來中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)實地考察,登云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)也必親(qin)登大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)。大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣,不僅在國(guo)(guo)內享有(you)盛譽,如今(jin)也成了溝通中(zhong)日(ri)友誼的(de)紐帶(dai)和(he)(he)(he)橋梁,已(yi)在國(guo)(guo)際(ji)上產(chan)生重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)。(大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)保(bao)護不僅受到黨和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家及地方政府的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視,在國(guo)(guo)際(ji)上亦(yi)受到了國(guo)(guo)際(ji)友人日(ri)本書(shu)道界(jie)朋友的(de)熱情關注)隨著(zhu)(zhu)文化旅游事業的(de)發(fa)展,大(da)基(ji)山(shan)(shan)道士(shi)谷(gu)將得到進一步保(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)開發(fa),其環境(jing)景色(se)將更加優美(mei)宜人,山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)中(zhong)源遠流長的(de)“魏碑”書(shu)法藝術,將閃耀著(zhu)(zhu)更加璀(cui)璨的(de)光輝。
地理位置
大基山(shan)坐落于萊州市城(cheng)東10公里(li)處,東接(jie)崮山(shan),南連(lian)寒(han)同(tong)山(shan),海(hai)拔476.9米,為(wei)(wei)萊州市有名(ming)的(de)高山(shan)之(zhi)一(yi)。大基山(shan),古稱(cheng)(cheng)掖山(shan),山(shan)體呈半環狀,四周群峰環抱(bao),當中為(wei)(wei)一(yi)深邃(sui)圓(yuan)闊的(de)谷(gu)(gu)地,僅西南方有一(yi)豁口,自成(cheng)天(tian)(tian)然門(men)戶(hu)。因谷(gu)(gu)內自古為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家(jia)所(suo)居,故俗(su)稱(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)士谷(gu)(gu)。古稱(cheng)(cheng)東萊山(shan),東接(jie)崮山(shan),南連(lian)寒(han)同(tong)山(shan),自成(cheng)天(tian)(tian)然門(men)戶(hu)。因谷(gu)(gu)內自先秦至(zhi)清末一(yi)直有道(dao)家(jia)在谷(gu)(gu)中修煉(lian),故當地人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)士谷(gu)(gu),這里(li)是(shi)道(dao)家(jia)文化的(de)發祥地之(zhi)一(yi),中國道(dao)界五名(ming)山(shan)之(zhi)一(yi)。