主要建筑
大殿
中國(guo)(guo)最早、最大(da)(da)的(de)西(xi)王(wang)母(mu)祖廟,它(ta)始(shi)建(jian)于西(xi)漢(han)武帝元封(feng)年(nian)(nian)間,就是距(ju)今(jin) 公元前110年(nian)(nian)到公元前105年(nian)(nian)之間。氣(qi)勢恢宏(hong)的(de)王(wang)母(mu)宮(gong)大(da)(da)殿背西(xi)面(mian)東,是20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代初,在(zai)臺灣道教信(xin)徒的(de)捐資下重(zhong)建(jian)的(de)。1999年(nian)(nian),被國(guo)(guo)際(ji)亞(ya)細亞(ya)民(min)俗(su)學會(hui)和中國(guo)(guo)民(min)俗(su)學會(hui)授(shou)予這里為(wei)“國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點民(min)俗(su)文化景區”和中國(guo)(guo)西(xi)王(wang)母(mu)文化名城。宮(gong)內原主要建(jian)筑(zhu)有一天(tian)(tian)門、二天(tian)(tian)門、三天(tian)(tian)門、王(wang)母(mu)大(da)(da)殿、玉皇閣、周穆王(wang)祠(ci)、漢(han)武帝行祠(ci)、玄帝廟以及望河樓、曉(xiao)鐘(zhong)亭、曠如亭等(deng),規(gui)制嚴整,氣(qi)勢雄壯;后歷(li)經兵燹(xian)戰亂,屢毀(hui)屢建(jian)。現存建(jian)筑(zhu)多為(wei)明(ming)清兩代所重(zhong)建(jian)。
西王母宮(gong)分為(wei)兩層、三個部分。進門我(wo)們(men)看到(dao)的(de)第(di)一部分迎(ying)面是地宮(gong),布置(zhi)有書畫作品及西王母文(wen)化研究(jiu)資料展覽,大約300平方米(mi)。
西(xi)王母大殿(dian)是王母宮(gong)的第二部(bu)分(fen),由(you)西(xi)王母大殿(dian)與東(dong)王公大殿(dian)、三皇五帝殿(dian)組成,正(zheng)好符合(he)中國古代四合(he)院(yuan)式建筑風(feng)格。
西王(wang)母大殿(dian)于1992年(nian)農歷7月18日(ri)奠(dian)基重修,1994年(nian)農歷9月12日(ri)竣工。耗資100多萬元(yuan),主(zhu)要由(you)臺灣松山慈(ci)慧堂及信眾捐資修建。采(cai)用鋼(gang)筋混凝土結(jie)構,仿(fang)明(ming)清古建筑風格,斗拱梁枋(fang),明(ming)柱回(hui)廊,月臺圍(wei)欄,外型噴砂,整(zheng)座殿(dian)似漢(han)白玉雕塑而(er)成,建筑面積約360平(ping)方米,殿(dian)內藻(zao)井、梁枋(fang)、天(tian)花等采(cai)用金龍和璽彩繪(hui),插枋(fang)以上裝飾圖(tu)案采(cai)用水泥雕塑,噴砂罩面,前后四門上方分別為(wei)春、夏、秋(qiu)、冬四季圖(tu),中(zhong)門上方為(wei)一元(yuan)化(hua)二氣圖(tu)。
西(xi)(xi)王母(mu)主神塑像(xiang)四(si)點六米高(gao),面帶(dai)慈(ci)祥,威儀四(si)方,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。左旁站立武像(xiang)為(wei)(wei)白虎使(shi)者(zhe),右旁站立文像(xiang)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)鳥使(shi)者(zhe)。神龕背墻(qiang)(qiang)圖(tu)案為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)華天(tian)池,表現為(wei)(wei)古代(dai)西(xi)(xi)部山(shan)水、花草、樹(shu)木、牛(niu)羊(yang)等(deng)風光畫(hua)(hua)面,身后“無極(ji)”二字,表述道教真旨,南北(bei)山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang)兩(liang)幅壁(bi)畫(hua)(hua)采用(yong)工筆重彩繪制,分別表述有關西(xi)(xi)王母(mu)的六段傳說故事,北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)壁(bi)畫(hua)(hua)由西(xi)(xi)向東依次為(wei)(wei)、射日奔月、降臨(lin)漢宮、瑤池宴會(hui)、南墻(qiang)(qiang)壁(bi)畫(hua)(hua)由西(xi)(xi)向東依次為(wei)(wei),送疆域(yu)圖(tu)、蚩尤之戰(zhan)、派使(shi)獻(xian)玉。
三皇殿
三(san)皇(huang)殿供(gong)奉的(de)是我們中華(hua)民族最早的(de)三(san)位傳說中的(de)遠(yuan)古(gu)帝王(wang):燧人(ren)、伏羲、神農。(《風俗通義·皇(huang)霸篇(pian)》引《禮緯·含(han)文嘉(jia)》)。它集中反(fan)映了原始社會經濟(ji)生活發展的(de)情況(kuang)。
燧人氏:傳說中鉆木取火的發明者。《韓非子·五篇(pian)》遠(yuan)古人民“茹毛飲血”,他鉆木取火,教人熟食。反映中國(guo)原(yuan)始時代從利用(yong)自然火,進(jin)步到熟食的情況。
伏羲氏(shi):神話中人類的始祖。傳說人類由他(ta)和女媧(wa)氏(shi)兄妹相(xiang)婚而(er)產生(sheng)。
又(you)傳說他教民結網,從事(shi)漁獵畜牧,反映中國(guo)原始時代開始漁獵畜牧的情況,傳說八卦(gua)也出(chu)于(yu)他的制作.
神農(nong)氏:傳(chuan)說(shuo)中(zhong)農(nong)業(ye)和醫藥(yao)的(de)發明者。相傳(chuan)遠古人(ren)民過著采集漁獵生(sheng)活,他用木制作耒(lei)、耜、教民農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng) 產。反(fan)映中(zhong)國原(yuan)始時代(dai)由采集漁獵進(jin)步到(dao)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)情(qing)況。又傳(chuan)說(shuo)他曾(ceng)嘗百草,發現(xian)藥(yao)材,救人(ren)治病。《神農(nong)本(ben)草經(jing)》即(ji)是依托他的(de)著作 。
五帝殿
五帝(di)是傳說中(zhong)上古帝(di)王(wang)。時在(zai)三皇之后,夏代以前。最早見(jian)于《荀子·非相篇》。關(guan)于五帝(di)有四種說法(fa),我們這(zhe)里采(cai)用的是《史記(ji)·五帝(di)本(ben)紀》中(zhong)的說法(fa),即黃(huang)帝(di),顓(zhuan)頊、帝(di)嚳,唐堯、虞(yu)舜(shun)。他們都是原始(shi)社會末期部落或聯盟的領袖(xiu)。
黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di):五帝(di)(di)之(zhi)一,傳(chuan)說是中原(yuan)各(ge)族的共(gong)同祖(zu)先。姬(ji)姓、號軒轅氏(shi),有熊(xiong)氏(shi)。少典之(zhi)子。相(xiang)傳(chuan)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)擾(rao)亂各(ge)部(bu)(bu)落(luo),他得到各(ge)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)的擁戴(dai),在反阪泉(今(jin)河南(nan)涿鹿東南(nan))打(da)敗炎(yan)帝(di)(di)。后擾(rao)亂,他又率領(ling)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)在涿鹿擊(ji)殺蚩(chi)尤。從(cong)此他由(you)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)首領(ling)擁戴(dai)為(wei)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯盟領(ling)袖(xiu)。傳(chuan)說有很多發明創(chuang)造。如養蠶、車(che)、文字、音律、醫(yi)學、算術等。黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)與歧伯、雷公等討論醫(yi)學的著作,相(xiang)傳(chuan)是《黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)內經》的一部(bu)(bu)分。黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)又被戰國(guo)時黃(huang)(huang)老學派(pai)推崇為(wei)始祖(zu)。今(jin)國(guo)人自稱炎(yan)黃(huang)(huang)子孫,即(ji)指他與炎(yan)帝(di)(di)。
又(you)一(yi)傳(chuan)說他為中國古代(dai)神話的五天帝之一(yi),系中央之神也。
顓頊:五帝之一(yi),傳說大話中(zhong)古(gu)代(dai)部族首領。號高陽氏。生于若水,居于帝丘(今河南濮陽西南)曾命重任南正之官,掌管祭祀天神;命黎任火正(一(yi)作北(bei)正)之官,掌管民(min)事(shi)。
帝(di)嚳:五帝(di)之一,傳(chuan)說中古代(dai)部族首領,號高辛氏,有(you)四妻四子,姜(jiang)源生棄(即后稷),是(shi)(shi)周族的祖(zu)先,簡狄生契,是(shi)(shi)商族的祖(zu)先,慶都生帝(di)堯(yao),常儀生帝(di)摯(zhi)。
唐(tang)(tang)堯(yao):五帝之一,傳說(shuo)中(zhong)父系氏族社會后期部落聯盟領袖。號陶唐(tang)(tang)氏,名放勛,史稱(cheng)唐(tang)(tang)堯(yao)。傳曾命羲和,掌管(guan)時令,制定歷(li)法,資詢四岳,選(xuan)舜(shun)為其繼(ji)承人。對(dui)舜(shun)進行(xing)三年考核后,命舜(shun)攝任行(xing)政(zheng)。他死后,即由舜(shun)繼(ji)位(wei),史稱(cheng)禪讓。一說(shuo)堯(yao)到了晚(wan)年德哀,為舜(shun)所囚,其位(wei)也(ye)為舜(shun)所奪。
虞(yu)舜:五帝之一,傳(chuan)說中父(fu)系氏(shi)族社會后期部(bu)落聯盟領袖。姓姚,一作媯姓,號有虞(yu)氏(shi),名重華,史稱虞(yu)舜。相傳(chuan)因四(si)岳(yue)推舉(ju),堯命他(ta)攝政。他(ta)巡行四(si)方(fang),除去共工、歡兜、三苗,鯀等四(si)人(ren)。堯去世后繼位(wei),又咨(zi)詢四(si)岳(yue),挑選賢(xian)人(ren),治理民事,并選撥治水有功的禹(yu)為繼承人(ren)。一說他(ta)為禹(yu)所放逐,死在南方(fang)的蒼(cang)梧。
東王公大殿
關于東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong),據《列仙(xian)全傳》記載(zai),木公(gong)(gong)諱倪(ni),字(zi)君(jun)(jun)明,號(hao)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang),又(you)有(you)元陽(yang)父(fu)、木公(gong)(gong)、扶桑大(da)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)稱(cheng)。正月(yue)初九(jiu)降生(sheng)。東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong),原本指上(shang)古(gu)時期(qi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治東(dong)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概括。商(shang)周以(yi)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)們(men)對(dui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信仰和崇(chong)拜十分廣泛,以(yi)為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)有(you)一個(ge)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)主宰(zai)人(ren)(ren)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吉(ji)兇、禍福,因而(er)說把(ba)東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)抬出(chu)來充(chong)當天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角色,把(ba)東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)神(shen)化。道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)宣(xuan)稱(cheng),“東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)是(shi)東(dong)華至(zhi)真(zhen)至(zhi)氣所(suo)化生(sheng)、主陽(yang)、主父(fu),西(xi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)母(mu)是(shi)西(xi)化至(zhi)妙至(zhi)氣所(suo)化生(sheng),主陰、主母(mu),世(shi)間(jian)(jian)萬(wan)物是(shi)他們(men)倆(lia)生(sheng)化養育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。這(zhe)里(li)把(ba)東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)和西(xi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)母(mu)世(shi)俗(su)化,說他們(men)有(you)男女情欲(yu),過著天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夫妻生(sheng)活。封建統(tong)(tong)(tong)治階級(ji)利用(yong)了(le)人(ren)(ren)們(men)對(dui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)崇(chong)拜和道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)揚,大(da)力鼓吹“君(jun)(jun)權神(shen)授(shou)”,說自已是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi),他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)交給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)職。要人(ren)(ren)們(men)聽天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)。他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳對(dui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)起(qi)了(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進作用(yong),唐(tang)宋(song)以(yi)后(hou),一些文人(ren)(ren)又(you)把(ba)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)稱(cheng)玉(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)、玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang),隨之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)又(you)宣(xuan)稱(cheng)玉(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)統(tong)(tong)(tong)管三界(jie)四生(sheng),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)界(jie)、地界(jie)、人(ren)(ren)界(jie);四生(sheng)即(ji):胎生(sheng)、卯生(sheng)、浮生(sheng)、化生(sheng),是(shi)宇宙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總黃帝(di)(di),所(suo)以(yi)稱(cheng)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)。這(zhe)樣,東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字(zi)就逐漸消失(shi),取而(er)代(dai)之(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)。不(bu)過這(zhe)位至(zhi)高無(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)在唐(tang)代(dai)以(yi)前是(shi)不(bu)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)和逐漸定型,是(shi)唐(tang)宋(song)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事。
在東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)身邊的兩(liang)位侍(shi)者,一名金童,一名玉女。相(xiang)傳東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)自幼喜(xi)歡吃大棗(zao),故(gu)而金童手捧一盤(pan)大棗(zao)侍(shi)奉在東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)身邊。東(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)手下有四(si)大天王(wang)(wang)(wang),分(fen)別為增(zeng)天天王(wang)(wang)(wang),職(zhi)風(feng):廣目天王(wang)(wang)(wang)、職(zhi)調;多聞(wen)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)、職(zhi)雨(yu);持國(guo)天王(wang)(wang)(wang),職(zhi)順。他們合(he)起來,統(tong)領(ling)宇(yu)宙萬物的風(feng)調雨(yu)順,也(ye)是我(wo)們老百姓所祈求(qiu)的最高幸福。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)內墻上(shang)(shang)的(de)壁畫。南(nan)墻上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)三(san)(san)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)說木公(gong)(gong)初形,即東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)早(zao)期的(de)神(shen)態(tai)。據《神(shen)異(yi)經(jing)(jing)·東(dong)(dong)(dong)荒(huang)經(jing)(jing)》記(ji)載,東(dong)(dong)(dong)荒(huang)山中(zhong)有(you)(you)石室,東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)居焉,長一(yi)(yi)丈,頭發(fa)皓(hao)白,人形鳥面(mian)而(er)虎尾,載一(yi)(yi)黑(hei)熊。二是(shi)(shi)石室相公(gong)(gong)。據《神(shen)異(yi)經(jing)(jing)》記(ji)載,世有(you)(you)大鳥名(ming):“希有(you)(you)”,一(yi)(yi)遮(zhe)東(dong)(dong)(dong)華,一(yi)(yi)遮(zhe)西華。鵬鳥立于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)柱之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)與(yu)西王(wang)(wang)(wang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)在大鵬鳥背(bei)每(mei)年在回屋相會一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。來(lai)時東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)乘坐一(yi)(yi)龍(long)車,西王(wang)(wang)(wang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)乘坐一(yi)(yi)虎車。三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)金母(mu)(mu)(mu)誕生。中(zhong)國古代哲學思(si)想認為,宇(yu)宙是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)團凝聚(ju)的(de)元氣(qi)(qi)(qi),處(chu)于(yu)(yu)混(hun)沌狀態(tai),就象(xiang)一(yi)(yi)個雞蛋(dan)。這團氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)種靈(ling)性(xing)(xing),這個靈(ling)性(xing)(xing)就是(shi)(shi)盤古,后來(lai)開始(shi)(shi)演(yan)化,清氣(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)升為天(tian)(tian),濁氣(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)降為地(di),盤古的(de)靈(ling)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在天(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(道教稱(cheng)(cheng)元始(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)尊),地(di)上(shang)(shang)的(de)巖石同滲(shen)出的(de)積血(xue)生成太元玉女,元始(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)尊與(yu)太元玉女血(xue)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相通(tong),在天(tian)(tian)界進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步演(yan)化,天(tian)(tian)界的(de)靈(ling)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)得以運(yun)轉化為陰(yin)、陽(yang)二氣(qi)(qi)(qi),陽(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)華至(zhi)真之(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),神(shen)名(ming)叫(jiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong),陰(yin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)(cheng)西華至(zhi)妙之(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),神(shen)名(ming)叫(jiao)西王(wang)(wang)(wang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)。
北墻壁畫(hua)也(ye)有三(san)副。第(di)一副描述(shu)的(de)是金(jin)童傳書。據《仙(xian)(xian)傳拾遺》記載,昔漢初(chu)小(xiao)兒于(yu)道歌(ge)曰:“著裙、入天(tian)(tian)門,揖金(jin)母,拜(bai)木公(gong)(gong)”。時人(ren)皆(jie)不識,唯(wei)張子房(fang)知之,乃再拜(bai)之,曰:“此東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)之金(jin)童也(ye)。蓋言(yan)世(shi)人(ren)登仙(xian)(xian),皆(jie)揖金(jin)母而拜(bai)木公(gong)(gong)焉。”第(di)二幅畫(hua)講的(de)是東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)其人(ren)。東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)演變(bian)成道教神靈的(de)故(gu)事,號玉皇(詳見東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)解(jie)釋(shi))。第(di)三(san)幅畫(hua)講的(de)是玉女抱(bao)壺的(de)故(gu)事。東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)和(he)玉女戲耍,東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)持箭(jian)(jian),玉女投壺,箭(jian)(jian)投進(jin)壺者,天(tian)(tian)為之笑。東王(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)大(da)殿(dian)始建于(yu)1995年,建成于(yu)1999年。耗資180多萬元,大(da)部分(fen)資金(jin)都來自臺灣朝圣信眾的(de)捐(juan)款。
旅游看點
后花園
西王(wang)母的(de)(de)后花園(yuan),這是(shi)(shi)大殿(dian)的(de)(de)第三部分。它由一個圓(yuan)型(xing)的(de)(de)水池及(ji)四個花圃組(zu)成,象征著遠古時代西王(wang)母宮的(de)(de)大花園(yuan),往前走是(shi)(shi)祭臺(tai),主要是(shi)(shi)供(gong)宗教祭天和平時游人(ren)休(xiu)息覽勝(sheng)的(de)(de)場所。
瑤池
瑤池(chi)位于回(hui)山南(nan)麓,相傳是西王母舉辦蟠桃會(hui),大宴群(qun)仙的地(di)方(fang)。明代(dai)建(jian)筑“夜月(yue)(yue)亭”為古涇州(zhou)八景之一,每逢中(zhong)秋月(yue)(yue)圓之夜,前(qian)來觀景賞(shang)月(yue)(yue)者,絡繹不(bu)絕(jue),瑤池(chi)水為天然礦泉水,清澈透(tou)明,甘(gan)甜可口(kou)。
瑤池溝(gou)是最(zui)具神(shen)秘(mi)意(yi)味的(de)所在。沿溝(gou)拾(shi)階而上可以攀天梯,到達(da)王(wang)母宮后山。這里(li)林木繁盛(sheng),遮天敝(bi)日(ri),冬景蒼松纏腰,春(chun)桃紅杏白(bai),迎春(chun)花(hua)(hua)開,是您踏春(chun)的(de)最(zui)好選擇(ze)。夏日(ri)涼(liang)蔭(yin)遮暑(shu),是您消(xiao)閑消(xiao)暑(shu)最(zui)好去處。這里(li)植被豐富(fu),有(you)冠木及名貴樹(shu)(shu)木達(da)上百種,是涇川多年堅持義務植樹(shu)(shu)的(de)縮影(ying)。溝(gou)內有(you)靈官廟,三霄殿(子孫宮),還有(you)一(yi)處西王(wang)母早期穴居(ju)修煉的(de)窯(yao)洞、花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)等建筑(zhu)群(qun)。從這里(li)直(zhi)達(da)王(wang)母宮有(you)兩(liang)條路供(gong)您選擇(ze),一(yi)是乘車(che)沿景區道(dao)路直(zhi)達(da)王(wang)母宮,二是沿溝(gou)西進攀援上山到王(wang)母宮,兩(liang)條路徑(jing)自有(you)不同的(de)感受。
回屋
回屋(wu)位(wei)于(yu)回山之下(xia),相傳是西(xi)(xi)王(wang)母居(ju)住(zhu)的地方,一九(jiu)九(jiu)二年八月二十四日,臺灣三重市(shi)鳳(feng)德玉寶(bao)殿一行三十余人拜謁西(xi)(xi)王(wang)母于(yu)回屋(wu),拍(pai)得顯靈神光。
石窟
王母宮石窟位(wei)于回(hui)屋旁(pang),開鑿于北(bei)魏太和(he)年(nian)間(jian),距今約有一千四(si)百多年(nian)歷史(shi),窟內為方形(xing)中心塔柱,雕有大小(xiao)佛造像200余(yu)尊,窟外(wai)建筑為木質四(si)層(ceng)凌云(yun)飛閣,掩映于蒼松翠柏之(zhi)中,十分莊嚴。
宮山曉鐘
懸鐘(zhong)(zhong)為金代(dai)大安(an)鐵鐘(zhong)(zhong),原為山下回山佛(fo)寺遺物,現懸掛于王母宮(gong)山頂的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭內,屬省(sheng)級文物。大鐘(zhong)(zhong)鑄(zhu)于金大安(an)三年(nian)(公(gong)元1087年(nian)),鐘(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)2.5米(mi),口周(zhou)長4.6米(mi),厚(hou)0.13米(mi),重約萬(wan)(wan)斤。鐘(zhong)(zhong)身分5層(ceng),鑄(zhu)飾銘(ming)文和圖案。從上至下,第(di)(di)一和第(di)(di)五層(ceng)為蓮(lian)花圖飾,第(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)為:“皇帝(di)萬(wan)(wan)歲、臣佐(zuo)千秋、國泰民(min)安(an)、法輪常轉”四言(yan)吉語,第(di)(di)三、四層(ceng)為銘(ming)文32方,記(ji)所(suo)供奉的(de)八大菩薩法號(hao),僧人、供養村社名,還有(you)一方女真文字的(de)銘(ming)文,它是涇(jing)川有(you)女真完顏后裔聚居(ju)區的(de)見(jian)證。宮(gong)山曉鐘(zhong)(zhong),已(yi)成(cheng)為涇(jing)川的(de)一大象征。
清·謝閆祚(zuo)的詩《宮山曉鐘》贊曰(yue):
推(tui)簾月色尚溶(rong)溶(rong), 萬籟(lai)蕭然(ran)聽早鐘。
隔水一聲傳(chuan)激越, 傍山萬木響玲瓏。
驚(jing)殘枕(zhen)上華胥夢, 冷盡人(ren)間名(ming)利胸。
王母(mu)祠前(qian)花正放, 定(ding)應添得(de)曉妝濃。
回山王母宮頌碑
在(zai)涇川縣(xian)回山腳下的西王(wang)母文物(wu)管理所有這樣(yang)一塊(kuai)石碑(bei)。這是(shi)一塊(kuai)宋代碑(bei)刻,名叫“重修回山王(wang)母宮(gong)頌(song)碑(bei)”,也叫“陶谷碑(bei)”、“天圣碑(bei)”。全碑(bei)通高2.83米(mi),寬0.83米(mi),厚0.18米(mi)。碑(bei)額梯形(xing),上刻五(wu)寸篆書(shu)“重修回山王(wang)母宮(gong)頌(song)”。碑(bei)文為(wei)篆書(shu),二十(shi)行(xing),每行(xing)四十(shi)六字,由于年代久遠,現在(zai)碑(bei)文殘缺140余(yu)字。省級文物(wu)保護單位。屬(shu)回山道(dao)教遺物(wu),曾被中央(yang)電(dian)視臺《國寶檔案》報(bao)道(dao)。
南石窟寺之碑
省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物保護單位。北魏(wei)永平(ping)三(san)(san)年(510),涇(jing)州刺史奚康(kang)生開(kai)鑿(zao)南(nan)石窟(ku)(ku)時所(suo)立。碑為灰砂巖(yan)質,高2.25米,寬1.3米。碑文(wen)魏(wei)書,詳載(zai)涇(jing)州開(kai)鑿(zao)南(nan)石窟(ku)(ku)的情況和對佛的贊(zan)語。記載(zai)北魏(wei)永平(ping)三(san)(san)年奚康(kang)生開(kai)鑿(zao)南(nan)石窟(ku)(ku)的經(jing)過,雕有二龍戲珠的碑首(shou)現存(cun)北京大學。
鎮海寺蒙文碑
鎮(zhen)(zhen)海寺(si)蒙(meng)(meng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)碑(bei)原在徑川(chuan)縣鎮(zhen)(zhen)海寺(si)中,現移(yi)置于縣文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化館的(de)(de)碑(bei)亭內保(bao)(bao)(bao)存,是研究我國(guo)(guo)元代歷(li)史、政治、佛教(jiao)史和古代蒙(meng)(meng)古語言文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)重要(yao)資料。據考證,此碑(bei)始建于元世祖忽必烈至元十四年(1277年)。碑(bei)呈圓形,已殘缺(que),有荷花雕飾(shi),龜形座。通高1.85米(mi),寬0.86米(mi),厚(hou)0.24米(mi)。正面(mian)碑(bei)額陰刻(ke)直書四個漢(han)字(zi)(zi)“鎮(zhen)(zhen)海之(zhi)碑(bei)”。正面(mian)上(shang)端(duan)為(wei)真體八思巴文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(元史上(shang)稱為(wei)蒙(meng)(meng)古新(xin)字(zi)(zi)和國(guo)(guo)字(zi)(zi))。內容系記(ji)載元世祖忽必烈頒發的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護鎮(zhen)(zhen)海寺(si)和僧侶的(de)(de)圣旨。下面(mian)的(de)(de)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)則直書建碑(bei)人(ren)的(de)(de)姓名、官職(zhi)。背(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)已模糊不清,很可能是蒙(meng)(meng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)漢(han)譯。鎮(zhen)(zhen)海寺(si)蒙(meng)(meng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)碑(bei)是省級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)。