介紹
楚長城西起湖北省竹溪縣,跨漢水輾轉至河南的鄧州市,往北經內鄉縣,再向(xiang)東(dong)北經魯山(shan)縣、南(nan)召縣、葉(xie)縣,跨過沙(sha)河直(zhi)達泌(mi)(mi)陽(yang)(yang)縣,總長(chang)500多公(gong)(gong)里(li),是我國最早的長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)。最早修筑長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)的是楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國。從現存遺址的實際(ji)情況(kuang)看,又較(jiao)為復雜,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)并不是單(dan)(dan)一(yi)的線(xian)(xian)路(lu),除北面南(nan)召至魯兩縣間是單(dan)(dan)一(yi)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)外(wai),東(dong)線(xian)(xian)和(he)西線(xian)(xian)又各(ge)有內(nei)線(xian)(xian)和(he)外(wai)線(xian)(xian),東(dong)西兩線(xian)(xian)形成四條線(xian)(xian)路(lu)。 確定(ding)的楚(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻體30.51公(gong)(gong)里(li),被歷代破壞(huai)而(er)消失的楚(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻體約25.37公(gong)(gong)里(li)、山(shan)險81.34公(gong)(gong)里(li),共計137.22公(gong)(gong)里(li)。此(ci)外(wai),調查和(he)發掘確定(ding)了(le)方城(cheng)(cheng)縣大(da)關口和(he)泌(mi)(mi)陽(yang)(yang)縣象河關等(deng)(deng)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關堡2個,葉(xie)縣保安(an)鎮前(qian)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)、泌(mi)(mi)陽(yang)(yang)沙(sha)河店古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)、付莊古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng)位于楚(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)線(xian)(xian)上的城(cheng)(cheng)址3個。通過此(ci)次調查,目前(qian)已基本掌(zhang)握了(le)平頂山(shan)市(shi)葉(xie)縣、舞鋼市(shi)、南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)方城(cheng)(cheng)縣和(he)駐馬店市(shi)泌(mi)(mi)陽(yang)(yang)縣境內(nei)的楚(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)分布線(xian)(xian)路(lu)。
同(tong)地(di)段的(de)(de)楚長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不一樣的(de)(de)。葉(xie)縣夏李(li)鄉高樓山(shan)以(yi)東及方城(cheng)(cheng)縣楊樓鄉的(de)(de)楚長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)特(te)點(dian)一致(zhi),即以(yi)綿延幾十公里的(de)(de)人(ren)工修筑的(de)(de)墻體(ti)(ti)為主(zhu)。舞鋼(gang)境內的(de)(de)楚長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)險(xian)和扼守山(shan)谷的(de)(de)人(ren)工修筑的(de)(de)墻體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)結(jie)合,共(gong)同(tong)組(zu)成(cheng)防御線。泌陽境內的(de)(de)楚長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)山(shan)險(xian)為主(zhu),以(yi)關堡或城(cheng)(cheng)址扼守古道、關口為主(zhu)的(de)(de)防御形式。