介紹
楚長城西起湖北省竹溪縣,跨漢水輾轉至河南的鄧州市,往北經內鄉(xiang)縣(xian),再(zai)向東(dong)北經魯(lu)山縣(xian)、南(nan)召(zhao)縣(xian)、葉(xie)縣(xian),跨(kua)過(guo)沙(sha)河直(zhi)達(da)泌陽(yang)縣(xian),總長(chang)(chang)500多公(gong)里(li),是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)最早的(de)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)。最早修筑長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)。從現存遺址的(de)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況看,又較為復雜,楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)并不是(shi)(shi)(shi)單一(yi)的(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu),除北面南(nan)召(zhao)至魯(lu)兩縣(xian)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)單一(yi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)外(wai)(wai),東(dong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)西線(xian)(xian)(xian)又各(ge)有內(nei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)(xian),東(dong)西兩線(xian)(xian)(xian)形(xing)成四條線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)。 確定(ding)的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻體30.51公(gong)里(li),被歷代破壞而(er)消失的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻體約25.37公(gong)里(li)、山險81.34公(gong)里(li),共計137.22公(gong)里(li)。此外(wai)(wai),調查(cha)和(he)(he)發掘確定(ding)了方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)大關口(kou)和(he)(he)泌陽(yang)縣(xian)象河關等楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關堡2個(ge),葉(xie)縣(xian)保安鎮前(qian)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)、泌陽(yang)沙(sha)河店古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)、付莊(zhuang)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)等位于楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)址3個(ge)。通過(guo)此次調查(cha),目(mu)前(qian)已基本掌(zhang)握了平(ping)頂(ding)山市(shi)(shi)葉(xie)縣(xian)、舞鋼市(shi)(shi)、南(nan)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)和(he)(he)駐馬店市(shi)(shi)泌陽(yang)縣(xian)境內(nei)的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)分布線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)。
同(tong)地段的(de)楚(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)特(te)(te)點是不一(yi)樣的(de)。葉縣(xian)夏李鄉(xiang)高樓山(shan)以(yi)東(dong)及(ji)方城(cheng)縣(xian)楊(yang)樓鄉(xiang)的(de)楚(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)特(te)(te)點一(yi)致(zhi),即以(yi)綿延幾十公里(li)的(de)人(ren)工修(xiu)筑的(de)墻(qiang)體為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。舞鋼(gang)境(jing)內的(de)楚(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)則是山(shan)險(xian)和扼守山(shan)谷的(de)人(ren)工修(xiu)筑的(de)墻(qiang)體相結合,共同(tong)組成防御線。泌(mi)陽(yang)境(jing)內的(de)楚(chu)長(chang)城(cheng)則是以(yi)山(shan)險(xian)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),以(yi)關堡(bao)或城(cheng)址扼守古道、關口為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)防御形式。