介紹
楚長城西起湖北省竹溪縣,跨漢水輾轉至河南的鄧州市,往北經內鄉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),再向東北(bei)(bei)經魯山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)召縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),跨(kua)過沙河直達泌陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),總長(chang)(chang)500多公里,是我(wo)國最(zui)早的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)。最(zui)早修筑(zhu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)是楚(chu)(chu)國。從現存遺(yi)址的(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)看,又(you)較為復雜(za),楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)并不(bu)是單(dan)(dan)一的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu),除北(bei)(bei)面南(nan)召至魯兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)間(jian)是單(dan)(dan)一線(xian)(xian)路(lu)外,東線(xian)(xian)和(he)西(xi)線(xian)(xian)又(you)各有(you)內線(xian)(xian)和(he)外線(xian)(xian),東西(xi)兩線(xian)(xian)形成四條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)。 確定(ding)的(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻體30.51公里,被(bei)歷代破壞(huai)而消失的(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻體約25.37公里、山險81.34公里,共計(ji)137.22公里。此外,調查(cha)和(he)發掘確定(ding)了(le)(le)方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大關口和(he)泌陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象河關等楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關堡2個(ge),葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保安(an)鎮前古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)、泌陽(yang)沙河店古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)、付莊古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)等位(wei)于楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)址3個(ge)。通過此次調查(cha),目前已基本掌握了(le)(le)平頂(ding)山市(shi)葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、舞鋼市(shi)、南(nan)陽(yang)市(shi)方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)駐馬店市(shi)泌陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內的(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)分布線(xian)(xian)路(lu)。
同地(di)段的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長城(cheng)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)不一樣的(de)。葉縣(xian)(xian)夏李鄉高樓(lou)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)東及方城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)楊(yang)樓(lou)鄉的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長城(cheng)特(te)點一致(zhi),即以(yi)(yi)綿(mian)延幾十公(gong)里(li)的(de)人工(gong)修(xiu)筑(zhu)的(de)墻(qiang)體(ti)為(wei)主(zhu)。舞鋼境內的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長城(cheng)則是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)險(xian)和扼(e)守山(shan)(shan)谷的(de)人工(gong)修(xiu)筑(zhu)的(de)墻(qiang)體(ti)相結合,共同組成防御(yu)線。泌陽境內的(de)楚(chu)(chu)長城(cheng)則是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)險(xian)為(wei)主(zhu),以(yi)(yi)關(guan)堡或城(cheng)址扼(e)守古道、關(guan)口為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)防御(yu)形式。