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湖北(bei)五峰(feng)后(hou)河天門峽(xia)(xia)位于湖北(bei)省西南(nan)部神(shen)奇北(bei)緯30°線上(shang)，地屬湖北(bei)省宜(yi)昌(chang)(chang)市(shi)五峰(feng)縣境(jing)內，距五峰(feng)縣城20公(gong)里(li)(li)，總(zong)面(mian)積103.40 平方公(gong)里(li)(li)，擴展區(qu)409平方公(gong)里(li)(li)。五峰(feng)后(hou)河天門峽(xia)(xia)于1985年(nian)3月經(jing)原宜(yi)昌(chang)(chang)地區(qu)行署批(pi)準建立(li)，1988年(nian)6月經(jing)省政府(fu)批(pi)準升(sheng)格為(wei)省級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)，2000年(nian)4月經(jing)國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)批(pi)準晉升(sheng)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)。五峰(feng)后(hou)河天門峽(xia)(xia)是湖北(bei)繼神(shen)農(nong)架之后(hou)的第二(er)個國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)，為(wei)宜(yi)昌(chang)(chang)市(shi)唯一(yi)一(yi)個森(sen)林生(sheng)態系統類(lei)型國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)，是國(guo)家(jia)(jia)確定(ding)的華南(nan)虎放歸自(zi)(zi)(zi)然項目的首(shou)選區(qu)域。

后(hou)(hou)河天(tian)門(men)峽主(zhu)要保護(hu)(hu)對象(xiang)為：中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶森林(lin)生(sheng)態系統及其(qi)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性；珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)及其(qi)棲息(xi)地(di)，特別是稀(xi)有珍(zhen)貴樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)落及華(hua)南虎、豹(bao)(bao)、黑麂等(deng)(deng)國際(ji)極度(du)瀕危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及棲息(xi)地(di)；不(bu)同(tong)自然(ran)(ran)地(di)帶的(de)典(dian)型自然(ran)(ran)景觀等(deng)(deng)。根據《中(zhong)(zhong)國植(zhi)被(bei)》的(de)分類原(yuan)則，后(hou)(hou)河天(tian)門(men)峽自然(ran)(ran)植(zhi)被(bei)共有溫性針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)、暖(nuan)性針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)等(deng)(deng)11個植(zhi)被(bei)類型，45個群(qun)系49個群(qun)叢。現已(yi)查明后(hou)(hou)河天(tian)門(men)峽內有維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)233科852屬2292種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖北(bei)省植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)73%，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)33%。屬國家(jia)重點保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)屬國家(jia)Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)的(de)有珙桐、鐘(zhong)萼木、銀杏等(deng)(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國家(jia)Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)有黃杉、水青樹、鵝掌楸、紅椿、櫸樹等(deng)(deng)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。后(hou)(hou)河天(tian)門(men)峽內共有陸(lu)生(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)307種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖北(bei)省總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)47.2%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)國家(jia)重點保護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)57種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖北(bei)省總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)45.5%。國家(jia)Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有金錢(qian)豹(bao)(bao)、云豹(bao)(bao)、林(lin)麝、金雕等(deng)(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國家(jia)Ⅱ保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有獼猴(hou)、黑熊、斑羚、紅腹錦雞等(deng)(deng)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。