基本介紹
吳(wu)山又名吳(wu)岳(yue),自古就是五鎮中之西(xi)鎮,其位于寶雞市陳倉區新街鎮內,屬(shu)于隴山支脈,系二億年前(qian)巖漿(jiang)侵入上升而形成。其山勢巍峨,群峰(feng)排空,直(zhi)逼云端(duan)。南(nan)北長(chang)約13公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)西(xi)寬約9公(gong)(gong)里,最高海拔2096米(mi)。吳(wu)山雖(sui)有峰(feng)十七,但以鎮西(xi)峰(feng)、會仙峰(feng)、大賢峰(feng)、靈應峰(feng)、望輦峰(feng)最為壯(zhuang)觀。吳(wu)山兼有泰(tai)山之雄、華(hua)山之險、峨嵋之秀、青城(cheng)之幽、黃(huang)山之奇(qi),又加上其林海莽莽,面(mian)積多達3340公(gong)(gong)頃,森(sen)林覆蓋率達到95.7%,因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)1993年被(bei)省政府(fu)批準為省級森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。
吳(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)中國(guo)歷史名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),曾有岳(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、千山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、吳(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)之(zhi)稱,是(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)帝后(hou)裔(yi)——太岳(yue)部族與吳(wu)(wu)(wu)回(hui)部族發祥之(zhi)地,也是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)祭(ji)祀吳(wu)(wu)(wu)帝、黃(huang)帝最早的地方。周(zhou)秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)朝(chao)發祥寶(bao)雞(ji),周(zhou)秦(qin)(qin)帝王(wang)認為(wei)這(zhe)是(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)保護之(zhi)功(gong),便將其封(feng)(feng)為(wei)西(xi)岳(yue)。當時(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)只封(feng)(feng)東(dong)西(xi)二(er)岳(yue),由于周(zhou)秦(qin)(qin)帝王(wang)的偏愛(ai),在祭(ji)祀吳(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的不(bu)少禮儀往往超過泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),曾被譽為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。西(xi)漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)曾有十(shi)一(yi)位(wei)皇(huang)帝二(er)十(shi)三次來這(zhe)里祭(ji)祀。隋文帝開皇(huang)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元594年(nian)(nian)),皇(huang)帝下(xia)(xia)詔建立西(xi)鎮祠,十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元596年(nian)(nian))敕造吳(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神廟,按禮制祭(ji)祀,并派(pai)專(zhuan)人管理。唐時(shi)(shi)(shi)又被加(jia)封(feng)(feng)為(wei)成德(de)公(gong)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)岳(yue)王(wang),后(hou)唐時(shi)(shi)(shi)被下(xia)(xia)詔加(jia)封(feng)(feng)為(wei)靈應王(wang),宋、金(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)又被封(feng)(feng)為(wei)成德(de)王(wang),元時(shi)(shi)(shi)被封(feng)(feng)為(wei)成德(de)永靖王(wang),明封(feng)(feng)為(wei)西(xi)鎮吳(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)神,清時(shi)(shi)(shi)被封(feng)(feng)為(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)大帝。公(gong)元1703年(nian)(nian)(康(kang)(kang)熙四十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian))4月,康(kang)(kang)熙皇(huang)帝御筆(bi)為(wei)“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,賜頒(ban)“五峰挺(ting)秀(xiu)”,使(shi)其更加(jia)名(ming)揚天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。
吳山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)一座瑰麗的文(wen)化(hua)藝術寶庫(ku),原有(you)(you)古(gu)典(dian)建筑很多。山(shan)(shan)(shan)東五(wu)廟處有(you)(you)始建于隋文(wen)帝(di)開皇十六年的西鎮(zhen)大(da)廟,其呈三進(jin)院落,中軸對稱格(ge)局,雕梁畫棟,斗(dou)拱(gong)飛檐(yan),勾心(xin)斗(dou)角,遞次升高,錯(cuo)落有(you)(you)致,巍峨壯觀。樓臺亭(ting)(ting)閣近百間(jian),門前鐵旗(qi)桿(gan)三丈(zhang)有(you)(you)余(yu),鑄鳳雕龍,騰(teng)空欲起,一派(pai)帝(di)宮氣勢。山(shan)(shan)(shan)下有(you)(you)御香(xiang)亭(ting)(ting)、欽差(cha)大(da)公館、仰止亭(ting)(ting)、嘯月亭(ting)(ting)、漱(shu)玉亭(ting)(ting)、望海亭(ting)(ting)、依云樓、珍(zhen)珠(zhu)樓等古(gu)建筑五(wu)十余(yu)處,又加上西鎮(zhen)大(da)廟廊房內有(you)(you)歷代祭(ji)祀(si)詠吳山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)碑達130余(yu)座,使這里成為陜西最大(da)古(gu)建筑之(zhi)一。
吳(wu)山既有人文(wen)景觀又(you)有自然(ran)景觀,是(shi)我國著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)勝景區之一(yi)。這些名(ming)勝古跡歷(li)經民初匪禍兵災,特別“文(wen)革(ge)”浩劫的(de)(de)(de)(de)毀壞,所剩(sheng)甚(shen)少(shao),令人扼腕(wan)嘆息。但是(shi)我們(men)可以從留(liu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址遺(yi)物中(zhong),想象出它當(dang)(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輝(hui)煌,感(gan)覺出它當(dang)(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣勢。現(xian)在(zai)吳(wu)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)(you)開(kai)(kai)發(fa),已走(zou)入正(zheng)規(gui)渠道,不少(shao)重(zhong)點名(ming)勝正(zheng)在(zai)修葺(qi)之中(zhong)。我們(men)有理由(you)可以相(xiang)信,隨著西(xi)部大開(kai)(kai)發(fa)戰略的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施,借(jie)這次(ci)中(zhong)國五大鎮山第(di)四屆文(wen)化旅(lv)游(you)(you)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)東風(feng)實行五鎮聯袂,加大開(kai)(kai)發(fa)力度,一(yi)定會使吳(wu)山重(zhong)振威風(feng),再(zai)現(xian)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輝(hui)煌。
主峰概覽
鎮西峰
在五峰(feng)(feng)(會仙(xian)峰(feng)(feng)、靈應峰(feng)(feng)、鎮西峰(feng)(feng)、大(da)賢峰(feng)(feng)、望輦峰(feng)(feng))中央,海拔1715米。四周(zhou)皆為(wei)(wei)絕(jue)壁,人跡罕至,又似五峰(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)蕊(rui),雖其高度略低(di),但有鎮壓群(qun)峰(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi),威武(wu)而獨秀,古(gu)人特(te)取“群(qun)山低(di),高山為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),群(qun)山高,低(di)山為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)”之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)立為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)。清康(kang)熙(xi)四十二年(1703年)四月,皇帝御賜封號為(wei)(wei):吳山之(zhi)(zhi)峰(feng)(feng)。碑立其頂。
望輦峰
海拔1809.8米,位于大(da)賢峰之左(zuo)(zuo),左(zuo)(zuo)側有一(yi)小(xiao)峰,秀并群芳,形(xing)若北顧,取名望輦。
傳 說:除夕午夜(ye)站在(zai)此峰之巔,可(ke)以看見南天(tian)門(men)(men)在(zai)一陣(zhen)陣(zhen)細樂(le)聲(sheng)(sheng)中徐(xu)徐(xu)打開(kai),朝(chao)拜玉皇大帝的(de)各(ge)路神仙,或(huo)乘龍(long)車鳳輦(nian),或(huo)騎鸞(luan)跨鶴,在(zai)一隊隊金童玉女的(de)簇擁下走出南天(tian)門(men)(men),飄然消逝于青(qing)天(tian)碧(bi)海之中。這時,只要你屏聲(sheng)(sheng)斂氣,側耳細聽,還能(neng)從神仙的(de)竊竊私語。
大賢峰
海拔1825.4米,位于鎮西峰(feng)之左。峰(feng)左有四小峰(feng),唯(wei)大賢峰(feng)凝峭(qiao)插天,秀(xiu)拔突起,有肅然拱托鎮西峰(feng)之狀(zhuang)。大賢峰(feng)四面(mian)絕壁千(qian)仞,懸崖萬丈,虎(hu)豹莫攀,人跡罕(han)至。
會仙峰
位(wei)于靈應峰之(zhi)南(nan),海拔1831.4米,由擎天峰等(deng)五座小(xiao)峰組成(cheng),層巒疊(die)翠(cui),林壑幽(you)窮。傳說天宮諸位(wei)神仙(xian)常常駕云游(you)此,并時(shi)有高人逸士前來游(you)棲。峰北尚留架木(mu)石孔,相傳為仙(xian)庵遺址。
靈應峰
鎮西峰(feng)之右,海拔(ba)1841.9米,高度(du)為五峰(feng)之最。靈應(ying)(ying)峰(feng)上,千峰(feng)競秀,萬(wan)木(mu)蔥(cong)籠,秀拔(ba)突(tu)起,凝峭(qiao)而(er)立。靈應(ying)(ying)峰(feng)下有湫池,清澈透(tou)明。