芒果视频下载

基本介紹

策勒縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)和(he)田(tian)市與(yu)于(yu)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間，與(yu)和(he)田(tian)、于(yu)田(tian)一樣，都(dou)在古絲綢(chou)之(zhi)路南(nan)線上。在策勒縣(xian)(xian)，我(wo)們游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)了達(da)瑪溝(gou)佛(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)址。當(dang)時(shi)雖然(ran)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)了一些出土(tu)文(wen)(wen)物，但并(bing)沒(mei)有感覺到(dao)(dao)有多么重要。而且游(you)(you)覽(lan)(lan)時(shi)間安排得很短，匆忙之(zhi)中(zhong)，照片也拍的(de)很少。回來(lai)后(hou)查找有關資料才發現，達(da)瑪溝(gou)佛(fo)教(jiao)遺(yi)址遠(yuan)非(fei)我(wo)們看(kan)到(dao)(dao)的(de)那么簡單，以至于(yu)我(wo)們對(dui)和(he)田(tian)都(dou)要刮目相看(kan)。

達(da)(da)瑪(ma)(ma)(ma)溝佛教文(wen)化遺址(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)策勒縣以(yi)東30公(gong)里處(chu)，距(ju)離315國(guo)(guo)道4公(gong)里。遺址(zhi)區所在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)——達(da)(da)瑪(ma)(ma)(ma)溝，在(zai)(zai)兩漢時期是西域綠洲(zhou)小國(guo)(guo)“媲摩(mo)”所在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)。后來被于(yu)(yu)闐國(guo)(guo)吞并(bing)，變(bian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)于(yu)(yu)闐東邊的(de)(de)重(zhong)鎮，它是于(yu)(yu)闐國(guo)(guo)東邊較(jiao)大的(de)(de)綠洲(zhou)、較(jiao)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)交通樞紐和軍(jun)事(shi)重(zhong)鎮。星河斗轉，歲月滄(cang)桑，昔日的(de)(de)繁盛早已湮沒(mei)在(zai)(zai)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)長(chang)河中，了(le)(le)(le)無(wu)痕跡。一次偶然的(de)(de)事(shi)件使這(zhe)一歷(li)史(shi)遺跡再次呈現在(zai)(zai)世(shi)人面(mian)前(qian)，專(zhuan)家們在(zai)(zai)經歷(li)了(le)(le)(le)多年(nian)的(de)(de)探尋與研(yan)究之后，認為(wei)達(da)(da)瑪(ma)(ma)(ma)溝區域是佛國(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)闐的(de)(de)政治經濟文(wen)化中心，因此，消失(shi)了(le)(le)(le)千年(nian)的(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)闐文(wen)明再次成(cheng)為(wei)舉世(shi)矚目的(de)(de)焦(jiao)點(dian)。2013年(nian)5月3日國(guo)(guo)務院把(ba)新疆達(da)(da)瑪(ma)(ma)(ma)溝佛寺遺址(zhi)列為(wei)第七批全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社科院(yuan)新疆考古(gu)大(da)(da)隊巫(wu)新華(hua)博士(shi)在(zai)其“佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)勝跡——達瑪溝”一(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說：和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)古(gu)稱于(yu)闐，不(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)域絲路重(zhong)鎮、玉石之(zhi)(zhi)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)頭，而(er)且是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)明淵源(yuan)極深的(de)(de)(de)(de)故土。昆(kun)侖山(shan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座神(shen)(shen)話之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)上古(gu)神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)多數神(shen)(shen)仙(xian)都來自(zi)(zi)這里。而(er)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)正好(hao)位于(yu)昆(kun)侖山(shan)主脈(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段，這里既出產和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)玉，又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)、昊帝(di)、伏羲、后(hou)羿、嫘祖、女媧和(he)(he)西(xi)王母(mu)等華(hua)夏(xia)赫(he)赫(he)先(xian)祖傳說的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)住仙(xian)境。與(yu)此(ci)同時，古(gu)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人還(huan)始(shi)終(zhong)堅信不(bu)疑地(di)(di)認(ren)為(wei)：華(hua)夏(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)親(qin)河(he)——黃(huang)(huang)河(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)在(zai)昆(kun)侖山(shan)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)山(shan)麓(lu)。如(ru)此(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)來，華(hua)夏(xia)先(xian)祖圣(sheng)人，以及古(gu)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切神(shen)(shen)圣(sheng)、美(mei)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事物都與(yu)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)有著千絲萬縷的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系。于(yu)闐（和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)）自(zi)(zi)古(gu)便被稱為(wei)西(xi)域佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教傳入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)、東亞(ya)等地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)站。其佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教文(wen)(wen)化不(bu)僅(jin)深遠地(di)(di)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教、西(xi)藏佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教以及東亞(ya)各地(di)(di)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教，同時也(ye)(ye)深受中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)各方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)”字便翻譯(yi)自(zi)(zi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)于(yu)闐語(yu)(yu)(yu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內地(di)(di)較早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)《四十二(er)章經(jing)》也(ye)(ye)譯(yi)自(zi)(zi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)于(yu)闐語(yu)(yu)(yu)。甚至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教早(zao)期所(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)天(tian)(tian)取經(jing)，也(ye)(ye)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)于(yu)闐——古(gu)代(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)——這個西(xi)天(tian)(tian)而(er)已。古(gu)代(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)作為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，其對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)乃至整個東亞(ya)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)延續至今(jin)。巫(wu)新華(hua)認(ren)為(wei)，“達瑪溝（Damago）”應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)闐古(gu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)借用梵文(wen)(wen)“Dharma（意譯(yi)：佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法，音譯(yi)即達摩(mo)）”加詞綴GO而(er)成(cheng)，意思為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法匯聚之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)音譯(yi)正確名(ming)(ming)稱應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“達摩(mo)溝”。

達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文化遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)說明中(zhong)說到(dao)：于(yu)闐(tian)（和田）是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入中(zhong)原(yuan)、乃至東亞其他地區較(jiao)早的(de)(de)策源地；還是(shi)(shi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)西(xi)域大(da)乘佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)心，也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)原(yuan)大(da)乘佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)策源地；于(yu)闐(tian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文化深遠地影響到(dao)中(zhong)原(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)、西(xi)藏佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)，以(yi)及東亞各地佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)。達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)是(shi)(shi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)和田佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)香火(huo)較(jiao)盛(sheng)的(de)(de)地方之(zhi)一，廣泛分布著(zhu)(zhu)許(xu)多重要佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)址(zhi)。從北到(dao)南(nan)有(you)托普魯克(ke)(ke)(ke)墩(dun)、哈德里(li)克(ke)(ke)(ke)、克(ke)(ke)(ke)科吉(ji)格(ge)代(dai)(dai)(dai)、巴勒(le)瓦斯(si)提(ti)、老(lao)達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)、烏尊塔提(ti)、喀(ka)拉沁(qin)、丹(dan)丹(dan)烏里(li)克(ke)(ke)(ke)等著(zhu)(zhu)名佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)址(zhi)。以(yi)托普魯克(ke)(ke)(ke)墩(dun)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)寺遺(yi)址(zhi)群(qun)為代(dai)(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)達(da)(da)瑪溝(gou)南(nan)部佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)(shi)未曾遭受20世紀(ji)外國探險隊劫(jie)掠，而完整保存下來的(de)(de)重要佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)址(zhi)，這里(li)不(bu)斷增多的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)寺遺(yi)址(zhi)發現及大(da)量考古(gu)資(zi)料的(de)(de)出現，可(ke)以(yi)說是(shi)(shi)21世紀(ji)學術界(jie)、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)的(de)(de)一個重大(da)事件。