冶父山最高峰為兜率峰,海拔375米,自麓至巔凡五里許,群峰聳拔。1992年,冶父山被國家林業部批準為國家森林公園,2014年正式批準為國家AAAA級旅游景區。冶父山(shan)山(shan)頭有(you)(you)(you)寺(si)(si),名曰“伏虎(hu)寺(si)(si)”,山(shan)下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)寺(si)(si),名曰“實際禪(chan)寺(si)(si)”,城中(zhong)“金(jin)剛寺(si)(si)”設為(wei)下(xia)院,皆由(you)教慈(ci)伏虎(hu)禪(chan)師創建。相傳(chuan)遠古(gu)時(shi)候,有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個相貌(mao)奇丑、雙目失明(ming)(ming)的孩子,被(bei)(bei)(bei)父母遺棄(qi),巧遇一(yi)只老虎(hu)路過,銜入洞(dong)中(zhong)喂養大(da),并刨出(chu)泉(quan)水,治好(hao)了孩子的眼(yan)睛。孩子長(chang)大(da)后當(dang)了和尚,老虎(hu)和他形(xing)影(ying)不離。后來(lai)到了冶父山(shan),建廟安身,傳(chuan)經(jing)修道。此事被(bei)(bei)(bei)唐(tang)昭宗皇帝李曄知曉,就敕封他為(wei)“孝慈(ci)伏虎(hu)禪(chan)師”,“伏虎(hu)寺(si)(si)”也(ye)因此得名。山(shan)上山(shan)下(xia),也(ye)由(you)此衍生了虎(hu)刨泉(quan)、系虎(hu)墩(dun)、伏虎(hu)禪(chan)師塔、報恩寺(si)(si)等多(duo)處(chu)古(gu)跡(ji)名勝。該寺(si)(si)最獨特的佛(fo)教建筑(zhu)是無量(liang)殿,該殿至頂沒有(you)(you)(you)橫梁(liang)架構,而直接采用大(da)石塊壘(lei)成。寺(si)(si)內重要文(wen)物是青銅(tong)大(da)鍋,被(bei)(bei)(bei)定為(wei)國家二級文(wen)物;寺(si)(si)內另有(you)(you)(you)僧(seng)人墓塔四座,明(ming)(ming)、清碑刻16塊。
鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)又(you)稱龍泉,位于伏(fu)虎寺東北(bei)石(shi)階路(lu)側(ce)(ce),周圍松(song)竹掩(yan)映。相傳(chuan)歐(ou)冶子在(zai)冶父山(shan)(shan)為楚王鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian),用(yong)龍泉淬(cui)(cui)火,后人將其(qi)改稱為鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。冶父八景中(zhong)“龍池(chi)(chi)(chi)映月”指的就是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)光玉瑩(ying),清冷逼人,凜凜如劍(jian)(jian)氣(qi)浮空(kong)。池(chi)(chi)(chi)四周以石(shi)圍欄,立(li)石(shi)碑,建鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)亭。此(ci)乃明(ming)萬歷年間集資修建,今亭廢(fei)碑失(shi),石(shi)欄尚(shang)存。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是冶父山(shan)(shan)鎮最早有文(wen)(wen)字記載的古跡(ji),《冶父山(shan)(shan)志(zhi)》載有鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)碑記全(quan)文(wen)(wen)。歷代騷人墨客(ke)游過此(ci)山(shan)(shan)后留下(xia)不少詩篇,有詩曰“長劍(jian)(jian)欲一(yi)淬(cui)(cui),夜尋冶父山(shan)(shan),攬衣(yi)望奇氣(qi),直在(zai)斗牛(niu)間”。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)西北(bei)20米石(shi)階路(lu)左側(ce)(ce)有二(er)巨石(shi)相合(he),如雙掌合(he)十,十指向(xiang)空(kong),指“合(he)掌石(shi)”,有詩為證:“石(shi)麗楊枝(zhi)滴露團(tuan),插天雙袖沒(mei)云(yun)端,年年常向(xiang)空(kong)王禮,耐(nai)盡西風十指寒(han)。”又(you)傳(chuan)歐(ou)冶公當(dang)年鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成寶劍(jian)(jian),為試劍(jian)(jian)鋒,對(dui)此(ci)石(shi)用(yong)力一(yi)劈(pi),劍(jian)(jian)過石(shi)開,故又(you)稱“試劍(jian)(jian)石(shi)”。
百(bai)(bai)尺(chi)(chi)崖位于(yu)冶(ye)父(fu)山巔下東處,距鑄劍池約100米(mi),崖高百(bai)(bai)尺(chi)(chi),寬數丈,石壁陡(dou)峭,正(zheng)面光滑如同刀削,崖頂有危石搖搖欲墜(zhui),十分險(xian)峻,極(ji)為壯(zhuang)觀。明代詩人(ren)周良德寫道“嶄(zhan)嶄(zhan)百(bai)(bai)尺(chi)(chi)巖(yan),天(tian)斧(fu)削玫瑰(gui),舉(ju)手隘(ai)乾(qian)坤,伸手捫星斗(dou)。”百(bai)(bai)尺(chi)(chi)崖下有泉(quan)(quan)一眼(yan),半圓(yuan)形,大如釜水,深僅(jin)尺(chi)(chi)許(xu),大雨(yu)不溢,久(jiu)旱(han)不竭,每逢蒸氣上升,即告落雨(yu)。泉(quan)(quan)窟內(nei)生(sheng)有蠑螈數十只(zhi),長(chang)三(san)寸,黑(hei)背,紅肚五爪,極(ji)可愛。當地稱(cheng)(cheng)之為“小龍(long)(long)”,龍(long)(long)鰍因(yin)此(ci)得名。此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)亦(yi)稱(cheng)(cheng)化龍(long)(long)池。古(gu)時此(ci)處建有龍(long)(long)池閣(ge),今(jin)有池無閣(ge)。龍(long)(long)池下直立(li)巨石,中裂似(si)(si)門,故稱(cheng)(cheng)觀音(yin)門,不少香(xiang)客在此(ci)敬香(xiang)拜佛。百(bai)(bai)尺(chi)(chi)崖四周密生(sheng)松林(lin),每當風起,松濤陣(zhen)陣(zhen),似(si)(si)有“午夜濤聲到枕(zhen)邊(bian)”的意境。古(gu)人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)“百(bai)(bai)尺(chi)(chi)松濤”,是冶(ye)父(fu)八景(jing)之一。
伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)洞(dong)(dong)位于冶(ye)(ye)父山(shan)巔西南,距伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)寺(si)不(bu)(bu)足百米,石階路(lu)上側(ce)。沿高數尺,深不(bu)(bu)滿(man)丈,游(you)客須彎(wan)腰(yao)方能入內(nei)。據《冶(ye)(ye)父山(shan)志》載,伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)禪師當年開山(shan)建剎(cha)時,曾(ceng)與住此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)的老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)棲息一(yi)起(qi)形影(ying)不(bu)(bu)離(li)(li)。有詩為(wei)(wei)證:“古跡山(shan)深虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)跡通,法幢(chuang)人靜夜燈紅,支床睡(shui)破勞生夢,不(bu)(bu)信因緣為(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)公。”當地民間傳(chuan),患有腰(yao)痛者,進(jin)山(shan)入洞(dong)(dong)采附近山(shan)竹,截(jie)成竹節(jie)支撐洞(dong)(dong)壁,腰(yao)疼即愈。伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)洞(dong)(dong)前坡極陡(dou),洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)朝陽,若(ruo)逢(feng)西南風(feng)(feng),風(feng)(feng)灌洞(dong)(dong)聲若(ruo)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯,音傳(chuan)數里,古稱“虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)洞(dong)(dong)吟風(feng)(feng)”,是(shi)冶(ye)(ye)父八景又一(yi)景觀。相(xiang)傳(chuan)在(zai)唐朝時期,一(yi)戶人家(jia)生一(yi)雙目失(shi)明(ming)的孩子(zi),將(jiang)他遺棄在(zai)路(lu)邊,被一(yi)斑斕猛(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)撞見,銜(xian)入此(ci)山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)中。奇(qi)怪(guai),那(nei)只(zhi)老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)(bu)但不(bu)(bu)吃這孩子(zi),還小心地喂(wei)他,并用虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爪(zhua)刨出(chu)了(le)泉水(shui),給孩子(zi)洗眼(yan)(yan),孩子(zi)的眼(yan)(yan)睛奇(qi)跡般地復明(ming)了(le),孩子(zi)長大(da)后出(chu)家(jia)當了(le)和尚(shang)。那(nei)只(zhi)老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與他形影(ying)不(bu)(bu)離(li)(li),相(xiang)依相(xiang)伴。唐昭(zhao)宗(zong)得知此(ci)事,大(da)為(wei)(wei)贊賞,稱他為(wei)(wei)伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)禪師。伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)洞(dong)(dong)——“虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)洞(dong)(dong)吟風(feng)(feng)”也因此(ci)而(er)馳名。
兜率(lv)峰為冶父八景(jing)之(zhi)一,實(shi)際寺(si)后(hou)有峰三座,一峰高似(si)一峰,峰高入云,“兜率(lv)參天”因此(ci)得名。站在實(shi)際寺(si)前(qian)仰首眺望,山逢突兀,秀如(ru)削(xue)成,懸巖怪石,甚為壯觀;雨后(hou)轉(zhuan)晴(qing),青山如(ru)黛,白云環繞,尤入仙境;每(mei)逢春至蘭蕙桃李,馬纓杜鵑開滿(man)林(lin)壑,爛若云錦,秋末冬至,黃菊芬(fen)芳,香飄四溢,令(ling)人賞心悅目。
響(xiang)(xiang)鼓(gu)嶺(ling)位于無(wu)(wu)梁(liang)殿后自歐峰向東沿嶺(ling)而下,其(qi)嶺(ling)逶(wei)迤數(shu)里,或(huo)丈(zhang)發或(huo)足踏,皆應(ying)聲如(ru)(ru)鼓(gu),冶(ye)父山八(ba)景中(zhong)“響(xiang)(xiang)鼓(gu)晴雷”由此(ci)得(de)名(ming)。響(xiang)(xiang)鼓(gu)嶺(ling)大(da)來(lai)(lai)峰橫空懸出一石(shi),似如(ru)(ru)天(tian)外飛(fei)來(lai)(lai),形如(ru)(ru)展翅欲飛(fei)的雄(xiong)鷹(ying)(ying)。此(ci)處多為云霧(wu)遮繞(rao),常(chang)有雄(xiong)鷹(ying)(ying)出沒,故稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“飛(fei)鷹(ying)(ying)石(shi)”。響(xiang)(xiang)鼓(gu)嶺(ling)下溝壑(he)處有石(shi)壁(bi),高逾丈(zhang),似無(wu)(wu)字碑,旁有一石(shi),平正如(ru)(ru)座,天(tian)上所作,奇巧(qiao)非凡。響(xiang)(xiang)鼓(gu)嶺(ling)兩側山坡(po)杉松(song)如(ru)(ru)蓋,濃郁幽深,其(qi)中(zhong)有數(shu)片楓林(lin),樹干挺拔,枝葉婆(po)娑,每當(dang)入秋(qiu)之(zhi)后楓葉紅(hong)艷,層林(lin)盡染,可(ke)謂(wei)“冶(ye)山紅(hong)楓”!
鐵路:
合九鐵路(合肥——九江)。在(zai)廬江設廬江站、柯坦站。
高速公路:
合(he)(he)界(jie)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(合(he)(he)肥——界(jie)子墩(dun)),也稱合(he)(he)安高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu),滬蓉高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)的(de)一(yi)部分(fen)。合(he)(he)銅(tong)黃高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(合(he)(he)肥——銅(tong)陵——黃山)。高(gao)等級公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu),合(he)(he)銅(tong)二級汽車專(zhuan)用公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(合(he)(he)肥——銅(tong)陵),簡稱合(he)(he)銅(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)。
普通公路:
省(sheng)道:軍二路(lu)(S319線(xian),軍埠(bu)——二壩),廬巢路(lu)(廬江——巢湖)。
廬江縣城(cheng)有(you)公(gong)交直達景區,2路公(gong)交起點(dian)(dian)廬江四中(zhong),終點(dian)(dian)冶父山(shan)國家森林公(gong)園,時間:6點(dian)(dian)到(dao)18點(dian)(dian),票價2.5元(yuan)。
由合肥上合銅公(gong)路到廬江縣城,再往巢湖方(fang)向(xiang),路邊(bian)有指示牌,就(jiu)在路邊(bian)。合肥——京臺高速——S319——S316——冶(ye)父山國(guo)家森林公(gong)園。
安徽(hui)冶父山國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園位于廬(lu)江縣冶父山鎮境內。東臨泊山洞景(jing)(jing)區,南近九華山風景(jing)(jing)區,西靠萬佛(fo)湖(hu)風景(jing)(jing)區,北頻巢(chao)湖(hu)風景(jing)(jing)名勝區。公(gong)(gong)園地理坐標為東經117°01′-117°34′、北緯30°57′-31°33′,總(zong)面積810.47公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。
冶父山地質由侵入巖等組成,面積約3-5平方公里,巖體結晶較好,有少量黃鐵礦化。在(zai)廬江城北(bei)丘陵區內,丘陵呈西(xi)南(nan)(nan)至東(dong)北(bei)走向,間顯陡峭。區內有(you)冶(ye)父山,海拔375.4米(mi)(mi)。冶(ye)父山南(nan)(nan)有(you)東(dong)顧山(286米(mi)(mi)),東(dong)南(nan)(nan)為(wei)獨山(208米(mi)(mi)),東(dong)為(wei)二蛟(jiao)子山(219米(mi)(mi)),東(dong)北(bei)為(wei)龍池山,再東(dong)北(bei)為(wei)夏礫山、三山(207米(mi)(mi))。
安(an)徽冶父山(shan)國家(jia)森林公園所在的(de)廬(lu)江縣,屬亞熱帶季風(feng)氣候區。多(duo)年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)15.8℃,7月(yue)最(zui)(zui)高,為(wei)(wei)(wei)28.3℃,1月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低,為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.6℃;極端最(zui)(zui)高氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)41.3℃,極端最(zui)(zui)低氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-13.7℃。多(duo)年(nian)平均降水量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1188.1毫米。年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)2209.6小時(shi),多(duo)年(nian)平均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)2000小時(shi)以上(shang),8月(yue)最(zui)(zui)多(duo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)255.4小時(shi),2月(yue)最(zui)(zui)少(shao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)133.4小時(shi)。多(duo)年(nian)平均無霜期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)238天。
在冶父山國家森林(lin)(lin)公園(yuan)內(nei),北亞熱(re)帶常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)和落(luo)葉林(lin)(lin)混交共(gong)生(sheng),林(lin)(lin)木種類有(you)木本植物(wu)56科109屬(shu)174種,其中松(song)樹占總面積65%,杉木占25%,果樹及其他樹種占10%。另外,棲鳳谷(gu)園(yuan)內(nei)廣植杜英、桂花、梔子花、含笑、羅(luo)漢松(song)、合(he)歡(huan)、香樟、廣玉蘭以及紅葉李等(deng)植物(wu)。
安(an)徽冶(ye)父(fu)山國家森林公園內有(you)20多種珍稀野(ye)生動物。