景區,瀕臨白(bai)蕩湖畔,三面(mian)環(huan)水,形(xing)成了(le)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)水面(mian)水浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”的(de)奇觀,因(yin)名(ming)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是一(yi)座文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),有“中國第(di)一(yi)文(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”的(de)美譽(yu)。現存483塊摩(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻,已列為(wei)重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,你可以(yi)從中聆聽(ting)到(dao)“唐宋八(ba)大(da)家(jia)”、孟(meng)郊、白(bai)居易、范(fan)仲淹(yan)等(deng)(deng)文(wen)(wen)人(ren)墨客對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)贊(zan)譽(yu),“鬼(gui)斧何年開石(shi)室,人(ren)行此地作(zuo)金聲,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中信是神仙宅(zhai),不羨繁華浪得名(ming)”,這首(shou)詩就是孟(meng)郊當年游(you)覽浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)發(fa)出的(de)羨慕和贊(zan)嘆。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孕(yun)育了(le)明(ming)清時期以(yi)著名(ming)的(de)思想家(jia)、科(ke)學(xue)家(jia)方(fang)(fang)以(yi)智(zhi)為(wei)代(dai)(dai)表的(de)中國最大(da)的(de)家(jia)族學(xue)派(pai)“方(fang)(fang)氏(shi)學(xue)派(pai)”;孕(yun)育了(le)清代(dai)(dai)獨領風騷的(de)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)流派(pai)桐城派(pai);孕(yun)育了(le)現代(dai)(dai)美學(xue)大(da)師朱光潛;孕(yun)育了(le)革命家(jia)、軍事(shi)家(jia)、外交(jiao)家(jia)黃鎮等(deng)(deng)一(yi)批歷史文(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人(ren)。
浮(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)還是一座(zuo)宗教名(ming)山(shan)(shan),古(gu)有寺廟8座(zuo),現存6座(zuo),早在(zai)晉(jin)梁時期,智顗大(da)師創建浮(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)寺,“園鑒”大(da)師與歐(ou)陽修“因棋說(shuo)法”傳為(wei)(wei)美(mei)談,宋仁宗敕賜大(da)華嚴寺,明神宗頒圣(sheng)旨(zhi)、賜藏(zang)經,中(zhong)國佛教協會原會長趙樸初為(wei)(wei)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)寺廟題字:“金谷禪寺”、“會圣(sheng)古(gu)剎”、“圣(sheng)旨(zhi)碑”、“浮(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)勝(sheng)境”,足以見證(zheng)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)佛教文化的久遠(yuan)流(liu)長和繁(fan)榮昌盛。道教名(ming)觀張公巖是北宋進士張同(tong)之的修道福地,巖內(nei)的“浮(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)夕照”景(jing)(jing)觀,為(wei)(wei)古(gu)“桐城(cheng)八景(jing)(jing)”之一。
靈猴(hou)迎客石,在飛來(lai)峰(feng)之右,黃鵠峰(feng)之左。石形(xing)如(ru)猴(hou),額頭凸起,兩眼凹陷,尾巴上(shang)(shang)翹(qiao),撓首弄姿(zi)。百(bai)佛(fo)朝如(ru)來(lai)石,在金谷巖右側上(shang)(shang),如(ru)來(lai)峰(feng)頂有一巨石高聳(song),石上(shang)(shang)又負(fu)一石,如(ru)大佛(fo)之高冠。佛(fo)額處(chu)有一小圓孔,透(tou)光放亮,其下二石并立(li),怡如(ru)連屏,似(si)開似(si)合。由下往上(shang)(shang)觀,像如(ru)來(lai)大佛(fo),披著(zhu)袈裟,盤(pan)膝(xi)而坐,前有小石羅列,如(ru)同百(bai)佛(fo)拱(gong)手朝拜。
浮(fu)山著名巖(yan)(yan)(yan)洞(dong)(dong)共(gong)一百零八(ba),其(qi)中(zhong)大者為(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),小(xiao)者為(wei)洞(dong)(dong),習慣(guan)上(shang)稱為(wei)“三十六巖(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“七(qi)十二洞(dong)(dong)”。這些(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)洞(dong)(dong)星羅棋布(bu),蔚為(wei)奇觀。有(you)的(de)(de)玲瓏嬌巧,常為(wei)文人墨客所居;有(you)的(de)(de)博大恢(hui)宏,有(you)的(de)(de)如拱橋(qiao)連蜷,垂宇(yu)如懸,如室如堂(tang),遂為(wei)天然的(de)(de)廟宇(yu)。這些(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)洞(dong)(dong),系兩度火山爆發后形成的(de)(de)勝景,極盡(jin)鬼斧神工(gong)之妙。或一巖(yan)(yan)(yan)集數巖(yan)(yan)(yan),或一洞(dong)(dong)兼(jian)數洞(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)盡(jin)即巖(yan)(yan)(yan),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)窮即洞(dong)(dong),萬戶千門,繞(rao)云(yun)架壑,空(kong)谷(gu)回廊,奇麗多姿(zi)。
浮(fu)山之(zhi)麓(lu)河湖環繞,山中(zhong)溪(xi)澗(jian)流水潺(chan)潺(chan),巖頭懸瀑,洞內生泉(quan),正是(shi):山青(qing)水秀,悠游勝地(di)。
河湖
由(you)廬(lu)江縣境發源的羅昌(chang)河和岱(dai)鰲山(shan)發脈(mo)的麻溪(xi)河在浮(fu)山(shan)之(zhi)北匯(hui)合,浮(fu)山(shan)鎖其(qi)關(guan)口,如(ru)“海門第一關(guan)”。水(shui)半繞(rao)浮(fu)山(shan)形成芙蓉(rong)凌波之(zhi)態,后經石溪(xi)與烏(wu)金(jin)渡流(liu)向白(bai)蕩湖,過白(bai)蕩湖閘而匯(hui)入長江。環(huan)山(shan)之(zhi)水(shui),總長14公里。水(shui)面(mian)大小隨季節而變化,發水(shui)季節一片汪洋,最寬(kuan)處可(ke)達2公里;枯水(shui)季節,寬(kuan)處僅十余米。
池塘
明鏡池(chi)(chi)(chi),俗(su)名清(qing)水塘(tang),面積(ji)9804平方米,在(zai)獅子山(shan)正南。左為(wei)虎形山(shan)、右為(wei)回(hui)龍(long)峰,隔池(chi)(chi)(chi)相望,九曲澗、獅虎澗二(er)水流入池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)。池(chi)(chi)(chi)水清(qing)澈,游魚(yu)戲逐。風(feng)起處(chu),碧(bi)波蕩漾。岸邊青山(shan)翠(cui)嶺倒(dao)影池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong),歷歷在(zai)目,如海(hai)市蜃(shen)樓、水底仙境。
在妙高峰(feng)頂,明(ming)嘉(jia)靖三十二(er)年(nian)至三十四年(nian)(1553-1555年(nian))之(zhi)間桐(tong)城縣令樊(fan)仿(fang)建(jian)。站(zhan)立亭中(zhong),可(ke)見四山(shan)縹緲,長江如(ru)練(lian),三公、九子(zi)、皖山(shan)、龍眠諸峰(feng),俱在望(wang)中(zhong)。此亭早(zao)毀,1986年(nian)重建(jian)。現亭為仿(fang)古(gu)(gu)木結構。兩層六角,周有石欄和木凳,南北有石級,整個亭址占地一畝。承建(jian)單位為江蘇高郵古(gu)(gu)典園(yuan)林(lin)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)處。
為康熙年間山(shan)(shan)(shan)足和尚建。亭(ting)在華嚴(yan)寺(si)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門內(現(xian)浮山(shan)(shan)(shan)中學(xue)校園),亭(ting)中立有圣旨碑,早毀(hui)。現(xian)亭(ting)重(zhong)建于中學(xue)西(xi)南側的葫蘆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(古(gu)名(ming)待(dai)佛嶺)上,為仿古(gu)木結構,上蓋小青瓦,下有坐凳,六角(jiao)飛檐,外型美(mei)觀。該亭(ting)占(zhan)地面積100平方米,造價(jia)為二萬元,由江蘇(su)高郵(you)古(gu)典(dian)園林建筑工程(cheng)處(chu)承(cheng)建,1986年底竣工。
方以智故居
方(fang)以智故居,在浮山西麓,丹(dan)丘(qiu)、墨(mo)歷兩巖之下,現名(ming)陸莊,舊名(ming)在陸居,全稱在陸山莊,建于明萬歷辛(xin)亥(1611年(nian)),為方(fang)大(da)鎮所建。
吳芝瑛故居
吳芝瑛,清末女詩人,秋瑾的好友。秋瑾出國留學及回國辦《女報》,均得到她的支持和援助。秋瑾犧牲時,她不顧安危,為其奔喪收葬,時人為之敬佩。芝瑛故居,在(zai)浮山西3公里處(chu),名“鞠(ju)(ju)隱(yin)山莊(zhuang)”,系其(qi)父吳康之所建(jian)。康之,為吳汝(ru)綸(lun)從(cong)兄(xiong),少(shao)時因(yin)喪父母,在(zai)汝(ru)綸(lun)家長大(da),成年(nian)后歷任山東寧陽、禹城(cheng)、蒲臺、武城(cheng)、章邱、鄆城(cheng)等縣(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian),為官清(qing)廉(lian)。時值清(qing)末,外侮內憂,朝政(zheng)日非。康之目(mu)不忍睹(du),則慕學陶潛(qian)慨然退居田園,并以淵明愛菊(ju)之意,自號“鞠(ju)(ju)隱(yin)”(菊(ju)、鞠(ju)(ju),古通用)以示志,故名其(qi)居為“鞠(ju)(ju)隱(yin)山莊(zhuang)”。
從安慶走(zou)(zou)銅安公路,至會宮后走(zou)(zou)樅桐公路即(ji)可到(dao)達(da);或走(zou)(zou)京臺高速,在浮山出口離(li)開(kai),便可到(dao)達(da)景區。
乘公(gong)交到(dao)湖(hu)濱汽(qi)車(che)(che)站,再轉乘到(dao)浮山的短途汽(qi)車(che)(che)。
浮山位于廬(江)-樅(陽)火山巖盆地西緣,緊臨郯(城)-廬(江)深大斷裂帶東南側。廬(江)-樅(陽)火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)盆(pen)地(di)形(xing)成于燕山(shan)期造山(shan)運動早期。中生代(dai)以來(lai),盆(pen)地(di)中共噴(pen)發(fa)出(chu)1100-3600米(mi)厚(hou)的(de)火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)。依地(di)質年代(dai)先后分為(wei)龍門院、磚橋、雙廟、浮山(shan)四個噴(pen)發(fa)旋回(hui)(hui)(期),每(mei)個旋回(hui)(hui)(期)的(de)火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)以組命名。前(qian)三組為(wei)侏(zhu)羅紀(距(ju)今1.4-1.95億年)噴(pen)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan),主要(yao)為(wei)粗面(mian)安(an)山(shan)質巖(yan)(yan),偶有玄武(wu)巖(yan)(yan)。后者即(ji)為(wei)浮山(shan)組,地(di)質年代(dai)為(wei)白堊紀早期。
浮(fu)山(shan)山(shan)體(ti)主要由浮(fu)山(shan)組火(huo)山(shan)熔(rong)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)火(huo)山(shan)碎(sui)屑巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)組成。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層種類自上而下依次為(wei):淺紫紅色(se)薄層粗面質(zhi)凝(ning)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),淺紅色(se)、肉紅色(se)塊狀(zhuang)粗面質(zhi)凝(ning)灰角(jiao)礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),肉紅色(se)塊狀(zhuang)粗面質(zhi)熔(rong)結凝(ning)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),淺肉紅色(se)塊狀(zhuang)粗面熔(rong)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、角(jiao)礫集塊巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)粗面質(zhi)凝(ning)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。共厚約100米。在火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong),有零星細小(xiao)的巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(石英正長巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、正長斑(ban)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan))侵入(ru)。
浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)貌(mao)單元(yuan)屬(shu)沿江(jiang)平原區(qu)江(jiang)北丘陵帶。環浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、紗帽山(shan)(shan)(shan)、土地(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、茶花山(shan)(shan)(shan)構(gou)成(cheng)一開闊盆地(di)。浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海拔165米(mi),大部分山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰海拔在(zai)100米(mi)左右(you),屬(shu)火山(shan)(shan)(shan)巖低丘。山(shan)(shan)(shan)體大致沿南(nan)北向展布,東(dong)側略高(gao)(gao),由最(zui)高(gao)(gao)峰妙高(gao)(gao)峰向南(nan)北依(yi)次下降,至(zhi)邊緣地(di)帶高(gao)(gao)度僅60米(mi)左右(you),兩(liang)側海拔40-50米(mi),主(zhu)峰長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)僅93米(mi),延(yan)伸部分在(zai)20米(mi)以下。
浮山(shan)屬北亞(ya)熱(re)帶向中亞(ya)熱(re)帶過渡的季風(feng)濕潤氣(qi)候區。四季分明,氣(qi)候溫和,光照(zhao)充足,無霜期長,雨量充沛,季風(feng)氣(qi)候明顯。