南龕山蒼松挺拔,翠柏長青。南(nan)(nan)龕(kan)(kan)古(gu)窟(ku)(ku)巖石(shi)壁立,高十余丈,長數百尺,方正如削,列層分(fen)龕(kan)(kan),鑲佛累(lei)累(lei),南(nan)(nan)龕(kan)(kan)造(zao)像精(jing)巧玲瓏(long),姿態各(ge)異,氣(qi)質(zhi)渾(hun)厚,端莊豐滿,神情瀟(xiao)灑,典雅(ya)大方。巴中曾榮(rong)獲石(shi)窟(ku)(ku)之鄉美名,它有東龕(kan)(kan)、南(nan)(nan)龕(kan)(kan)、北龕(kan)(kan)、西龕(kan)(kan),尤以(yi)南(nan)(nan)龕(kan)(kan)最(zui)勝,規模宏大,雕嵌玲瓏(long),櫛(zhi)比相連,巴中南(nan)(nan)龕(kan)(kan)古(gu)窟(ku)(ku)是古(gu)代(dai)勞動(dong)人民巧奪(duo)天工的藝(yi)術精(jing)品,是古(gu)代(dai)石(shi)窟(ku)(ku)藝(yi)術的優(you)秀代(dai)表(biao),是巴州(zhou)古(gu)文(wen)化的歷史見證。同(tong)時(shi),這(zhe)里也有(you)令人難(nan)忘的(de)紅色歷史,是中國工農紅軍第(di)四方面軍1932年12月戰略(lve)轉移到四川、陜(shan)西邊(bian)界地區(qu),在川陜(shan)邊(bian)區(qu)黨組(zu)織和(he)廣(guang)大勞動群眾的(de)配合支持(chi)下(xia)建立(li)了蘇(su)維(wei)埃(ai)區(qu)域,寫(xie)下(xia)了無數英勇的(de)篇(pian)章。
南(nan)龕造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受中(zhong)(zhong)國北方石窟(ku)藝術的(de)影響,融合了蜀地的(de)民俗風情(qing)。第(di)(di)107號(hao)龕三(san)世佛為隋(sui)代(dai)造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風格,線條粗獷、氣勢豪放。釋迦、迦葉、彌勒三(san)佛皆著通肩直垂式大衣,袒(tan)懷露腹(fu),面相扁平。唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)已經世俗化了,在藝術手法上(shang)富(fu)于寫實,造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)豐(feng)滿健(jian)美、雍容華貴。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)佛像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)莊嚴肅穆;菩薩或(huo)肢體(ti)修長、亭亭玉立,或(huo)豐(feng)腴膩體(ti)、曲眉豐(feng)頤(yi),弟子與世間和(he)尚(shang)無異。第(di)(di)116號(hao)西方凈(jing)土變(bian)窟(ku)的(de)天王像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)足穿草(cao)鞋(xie),完全是蜀中(zhong)(zhong)民俗。南(nan)龕唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在表現技法上(shang)注重質感和(he)比例,形(xing)神兼備。龕窟(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)雕(diao)刻有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)建(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)象,屋形(xing)龕占(zhan)很大的(de)比例,龕楣雕(diao)飾了各種(zhong)花(hua)草(cao)靈獸圖案及(ji)浮屠,同時用紅(hong)綠藍、白等(deng)天然顏料彩繪造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),烘托(tuo)出(chu)富(fu)麗華美的(de)氣氛(fen)。不少龕內雕(diao)有(you)樓閣(ge)、經幢,反映出(chu)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)風格。大龕窟(ku)為103號(hao)毗盧遮那佛龕,高5米(mi),坐佛通高4.45米(mi)(見圖[]);小龕72號(hao)雙觀(guan)音龕,規格30×40厘米(mi)。造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)多(duo)者為12號(hao)千佛龕;少者為各觀(guan)音單(dan)身龕。崖壁上(shang)尚(shang)存天寶十年(751)、乾(qian)元二(er)年(759)、會昌六(liu)年(846)、乾(qian)符四年(877)等(deng)造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)題(ti)記(ji)及(ji)歷代(dai)妝修碑(bei)記(ji)、游(you)記(ji)、其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)唐(tang)(tang)詩人杜甫于乾(qian)元二(er)年(759)游(you)歷該處時所題(ti)的(de)《判府太中(zhong)(zhong)嚴公(gong)九日南(nan)山(shan)詩》,十分可(ke)貴。
公園風景秀麗,面積32000多(duo)畝(mu),整個(ge)園內覆蓋著水(shui)杉、雪(xue)松、黑殼楠、銀杏(xing)、露(lu)經柏、蘇鐵等150多(duo)個(ge)品種的喬、灌木(mu)林及名貴(gui)花(hua)卉。園內還有梓桐宮、南(nan)池、望州亭等景觀。
川(chuan)陜(shan)(shan)革命根據(ju)地博物(wu)館位于巴中(zhong)城南(nan)南(nan)龕山山腰,占地13000平方米,主(zhu)體(ti)建(jian)筑為陳(chen)列(lie)大樓(lou)(lou)、紅(hong)軍(jun)石刻園、文(wen)物(wu)庫房(fang)、辦公樓(lou)(lou)及觀(guan)光(guang)廊(lang)榭。整個(ge)建(jian)筑雄偉壯觀(guan),綠(lv)樹紅(hong)墻,渾然一(yi)體(ti)。現(xian)有館藏文(wen)物(wu)資料2萬余件(jian)。基(ji)本陳(chen)列(lie)《川(chuan)陜(shan)(shan)革命根據(ju)地斗爭(zheng)史》,分15個(ge)單元(yuan),以1000余件(jian)文(wen)物(wu),400余幅(fu)圖(tu)片組成,全面(mian)反映(ying)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨領導下的(de)中(zhong)國(guo)工農(nong)紅(hong)軍(jun)第四方面(mian)軍(jun)和川(chuan)陜(shan)(shan)蘇區人民為創(chuang)建(jian)、鞏固和發(fa)展川(chuan)陜(shan)(shan)革命根據(ju)地的(de)光(guang)輝業績;紅(hong)軍(jun)石刻園匯集了(le)紅(hong)軍(jun)石刻標(biao)語文(wen)獻精品,是專門(men)研(yan)究(jiu)紅(hong)四方面(mian)軍(jun)和川(chuan)陜(shan)(shan)蘇區歷史的(de)實物(wu)見證。
碑林征集到中央領(ling)(ling)導(dao)和解放軍(jun)高級將領(ling)(ling)江澤民、喬石、劉華清(qing)、張(zhang)(zhang)震、張(zhang)(zhang)萬年、遲(chi)浩田(tian)、洪學智(zhi)、李德(de)生、張(zhang)(zhang)愛(ai)萍等的題詞500余件;掌(zhang)握有紅(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)將士(shi)(shi)名錄6550人,烈士(shi)(shi)名錄近10萬人,紅(hong)軍(jun)史料一億字以上,收集紅(hong)軍(jun)將士(shi)(shi)照片、手跡(ji)5000余件。
南(nan)龕(kan)(kan)飛(fei)(fei)霞(xia)閣(ge)(ge)1981年由當時(shi)的(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)政府組織各單位及社(she)會各界(jie)集資(zi)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)龕(kan)(kan)公園時(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造完成,位于(yu)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)龕(kan)(kan)山頂,可以登樓一(yi)覽巴(ba)(ba)(ba)城全景。所以該閣(ge)(ge)一(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成后即(ji)成為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)城標志性建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。但是由于(yu)當時(shi)資(zi)金缺乏(fa),其建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)藝為(wei)(wei)混(hun)磚結構。2008年“5.12”汶川大地(di)震中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)受損(sun)成為(wei)(wei)危險建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),隨后被爆破拆除(chu)。其后復(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)呼聲一(yi)直不斷,隨著(zhu)南(nan)龕(kan)(kan)文(wen)(wen)化產業園這一(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)化強(qiang)市戰略下(xia)的(de)大手筆項目的(de)啟動,飛(fei)(fei)霞(xia)閣(ge)(ge)終于(yu)迎來了(le)(le)重生之機(ji)。據(ju)了(le)(le)解,南(nan)龕(kan)(kan)飛(fei)(fei)霞(xia)閣(ge)(ge)由清華大學(xue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計研究院(yuan)設計,據(ju)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)志記載,早(zao)在(zai)唐(tang)朝時(shi)南(nan)龕(kan)(kan)山上就有亭臺建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),可以視(shi)作早(zao)的(de)“飛(fei)(fei)霞(xia)閣(ge)(ge)”。因此在(zai)設計中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)參(can)考了(le)(le)唐(tang)朝建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格,在(zai)設計理(li)念(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)著(zhu)重突出唐(tang)文(wen)(wen)化和(he)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)文(wen)(wen)化,體現出歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)文(wen)(wen)化、佛教文(wen)(wen)化的(de)融合(he)。這幢(chuang)仿古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)框架(jia)結構,高39米,從(cong)外(wai)面看上去為(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng),內部(bu)為(wei)(wei)9層(ceng)(ceng),頂層(ceng)(ceng)將置佛鐘,閣(ge)(ge)內將設置巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)(ming)仕館,展示巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有史(shi)以來的(de)歷史(shi)、文(wen)(wen)化名(ming)(ming)人(ren)以及對巴(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)國(guo)家的(de)發展作出貢獻的(de)人(ren)們。
乘坐公交(jiao)1路(lu)、5路(lu)、7路(lu)在六中下(xia)。
江北(bei)大道(dao)(dao)西段→將軍大道(dao)(dao)→南龕大道(dao)(dao)