罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國四川(chuan)省(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都市(shi)下轄的(de)崇州市(shi)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)一處園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin),是四川(chuan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)西園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)的(de)代表作之(zhi)一。罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)始(shi)建于唐朝,初名“東(dong)亭”,是一座(zuo)衙署園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)。宋(song)時,江原知(zhi)縣趙抃(bian)在園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開鑿罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi),加之(zhi)后來蘇元老、陸游等文人的(de)經營,罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)的(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)格局大體(ti)奠定(ding),并成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)蜀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名勝(sheng)。宋(song)之(zhi)后,官方(fang)對罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)的(de)修葺與(yu)重建大都以紀念(nian)(nian)陸游、趙抃(bian)兩人為(wei)(wei)主題,罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)因而逐漸(jian)演(yan)變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)現今的(de)公共性紀念(nian)(nian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)。
罨畫(hua)池現存建(jian)(jian)筑群多(duo)為(wei)清(qing)朝重(zhong)建(jian)(jian),全園由罨畫(hua)池、陸游祠(ci)和州文廟三部分組(zu)成,總占地34541平(ping)方米,其中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)面(mian)14600平(ping)方米,建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)5946平(ping)方米,全園格局及建(jian)(jian)筑保存完好(hao),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)少數(shu)幾處保存至(zhi)今的(de)唐宋衙署園林之一。罨畫(hua)池具有濃厚(hou)的(de)地域特(te)色和很高的(de)藝術價值(zhi),是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位之一。
罨畫池(chi)位于(yu)城區中心,南鄰(lin)文廟,東連陸游祠,占地約38畝(mu),素(su)有川西名(ming)園之稱(cheng),是全國重點文物保護單(dan)位,始建于(yu)唐,成盛(sheng)景于(yu)宋(song),亦曾稱(cheng)“東亭”、“東湖”。
園中有(you)(you)琴鶴堂、問梅(mei)山(shan)館(guan)、瞑(ming)琴待鶴之軒(xuan)、琴鶴橋等,均以(yi)曾在(zai)(zai)本境為官(guan)的趙抃、陸(lu)游事跡得名。從(cong)大門由西(xi)環池(chi)(chi)繞東而北,還有(you)(you)迎賓亭、尊經閣、風送花(hua)(hua)香入酒卮、半潭秋(qiu)水一房山(shan)、望月樓、飛(fei)虹橋、疑無路墻(qiang)、“罨(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)”古(gu)碑(bei)、五云溪、比鄰廊等景點。罨(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)水面約(yue)22畝,分(fen)內池(chi)(chi)和外池(chi)(chi),外池(chi)(chi)中心有(you)(you)一座方形亭子,叫罨(yan)畫亭,此亭四面環水,僅一石砌拱橋可達,亭邊古(gu)柏為明朝時栽植(zhi),至今蒼翠(cui)挺拔,生命常青(qing)。琴鶴堂前(qian),東有(you)(you)假山(shan)區,三彎(wan)九折,步移(yi)景換;西(xi)有(you)(you)薈萃園,是盆景精品薈萃之園,其(qi)茶花(hua)(hua)盆景風格獨特,在(zai)(zai)省內外頗(po)有(you)(you)影響(xiang)。諸景點之間或云墻(qiang)環護(hu)、花(hua)(hua)木(mu)掩映,或曲徑通幽、枝(zhi)葉相接(jie)。園中玉蘭、海(hai)棠、梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)等名貴(gui)花(hua)(hua)卉達60余(yu)種,銀杏、水杉、古(gu)楠、古(gu)柏等樹木(mu)大多(duo)在(zai)(zai)百年以(yi)上。
唐詩(shi)人白居易有詩(shi)云(yun):“疑(yi)香薰(xun)罨(yan)畫(hua),似淚著燕脂。”北宋趙(zhao)抃(bian)更(geng)有“占(zhan)勝(sheng)芳菲地,標名罨(yan)畫(hua)池”之(zhi)名。唐代大詩(shi)人杜甫、裴(pei)迪、高適曾在(zai)此做詩(shi)唱和,南宋著名愛(ai)國詩(shi)人陸游(you)兩度在(zai)蜀州(zhou)(今崇州(zhou))為官,居于園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei),故園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)景(jing)點多與之(zhi)有關。園(yuan)(yuan)中散落陸游(you)詞鐫刻(ke)數十處,池畔廊(lang)、橋、榭(xie)、軒、亭,假山(shan)疏密(mi)相間,步(bu)移景(jing)換,具有江南園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)玲瓏(long)秀(xiu)雅的韻味。