芒果视频下载

網站分類
登錄 |    
西夏陵
0 票數:0 #全國重點文物保護單位#
西夏王陵又稱西夏帝陵、西夏皇陵,是西夏歷代帝王陵以及皇家陵墓。王陵位于寧夏銀川市西,西傍賀蘭山,東臨銀川平原,海拔1130米至1200米之間,是中國現存規模最大、地面遺址最完整的帝王陵園之一,也是現存規模最大的一處西夏文化遺址。景區占地面積58余平方公里,核心景區20.9平方公里,分布9座帝王陵墓,200余座王侯勛戚的陪葬墓,規模宏偉,布局嚴整。每座帝陵都是坐北向南,呈縱長方形的獨立建筑群體,規模同明十三陵相當。
  • 官方網站:
  • 門票參考: 95元
  • 所在地/隸屬: 寧夏回族自治(zhi)區(qu)銀川市西(xi)夏區(qu)賀蘭山東(dong)麓
  • 開放時間: 08:00~18:30
  • 適宜季節: 5月~10月
  • 建議游玩時間: 3~4小時
  • 旅游景區級別: 2008年(4A)
  • 文物保護單位: 國家第三批(西夏)
詳細介紹 PROFILE +

簡介

西夏(xia)王陵(ling)位(wei)于寧夏(xia)回(hui)族自治區銀川(chuan)市(shi)西部30公(gong)里的(de)(de)賀蘭山東(dong)麓,陵(ling)區北(bei)起泉(quan)齊溝(gou),南(nan)至銀巴(ba)公(gong)路(lu),南(nan)北(bei)長約(yue)10公(gong)里;東(dong)臨西干渠,西靠賀蘭山,東(dong)西寬約(yue)5公(gong)里,總占地(di)(di)面積約(yue)為(wei)50平方公(gong)里。陵(ling)區位(wei)于賀蘭山中段(duan)南(nan)段(duan)東(dong)側,為(wei)山前洪(hong)積扇地(di)(di)帶,海拔1150-1220米(mi)。地(di)(di)表(biao)遍布(bu)礫石和粗砂,地(di)(di)基(ji)承(cheng)重力大,保(bao)水(shui)性差(cha),自然排水(shui)條件好。良好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)基(ji)使西夏(xia)王陵(ling)成功渡過了西北(bei)地(di)(di)區歷(li)史(shi)上的(de)(de)多場大地(di)(di)震。陵(ling)園(yuan)所處位(wei)置常年(nian)降水(shui)量偏少(shao),山洪(hong)暴發的(de)(de)可能(neng)性很(hen)低,利于陵(ling)園(yuan)的(de)(de)整體保(bao)護(hu)。初建(jian)(jian)時每(mei)個陵(ling)園(yuan)均有(you)地(di)(di)下陵(ling)寢、墓(mu)室、地(di)(di)面建(jian)(jian)筑和園(yuan)林,獨立占地(di)(di)都在10萬平方米(mi)左右,形制(zhi)與布(bu)局大體相同(tong)。

西夏王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)中(zhong)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)共有9座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),根據1990年(nian)所編號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)碼,一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、二號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、三號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、五號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、七(qi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和九號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)位于平(ping)原之上,四(si)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、六(liu)(liu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和八號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)則依(yi)山而(er)建。每(mei)一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)均坐北朝南(nan),呈縱向(xiang)長(chang)方(fang)形,占地面(mian)積達10萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)以上。這(zhe)(zhe)些帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)郭(guo)形制雖然有開口(kou)式、封閉式和無(wu)外(wai)郭(guo)式三種,內部(bu)結構卻大體相同,分為(wei)角臺、闕(que)臺、月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)四(si)部(bu)分。這(zhe)(zhe)些帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)郭(guo)或(huo)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)寬(kuan)比例都在(zai)(zai)(zai)1.5:1.7之間,與史(shi)籍(ji)記(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)興慶府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)郭(guo)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)寬(kuan)比大致相當。史(shi)籍(ji)當中(zhong)記(ji)載(zai)西夏王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)有名號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)也(ye)只有9座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),而(er)神宗(zong)李(li)遵頊、獻宗(zong)李(li)德(de)旺、末主李(li)晛(xian)的(de)(de)(de)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓史(shi)籍(ji)沒有記(ji)載(zai),可能存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)其余三座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)則或(huo)許(xu)由(you)于西夏末年(nian)兵荒(huang)馬亂而(er)并未建造,也(ye)有可能在(zai)(zai)(zai)二十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)代被當地某建筑(zhu)單位夷平(ping)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)些帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)之間的(de)(de)(de)4個(ge)區域,集(ji)中(zhong)分布著(zhu)至少(shao)254座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)陪葬墓。在(zai)(zai)(zai)陪葬墓集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)七(qi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、八號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、九號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)帶,考古人(ren)員清(qing)理出1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)西夏祖廟的(de)(de)(de)遺址。

此外,九(jiu)座帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)現存碑亭(ting)(ting)遺址共16處(chu),其(qi)中一號(hao)、二(er)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)各(ge)3座,三(san)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)2座,四號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)現只存1座西(xi)碑亭(ting)(ting),五號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)3座,六號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)2座,七號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)2座。八號(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)除陵(ling)(ling)(ling)塔(ta)外,所有地面建筑均被夷平,故碑亭(ting)(ting)已不存。按照西(xi)夏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區其(qi)他(ta)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)建筑規(gui)制、布(bu)局(ju),估計八號(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)原來至少各(ge)有2座碑亭(ting)(ting)。九(jiu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)西(xi)碑亭(ting)(ting)曾于二(er)十世紀七十年代某(mou)單位基(ji)建時出土了(le)4件雕(diao)像石碑座。

陵區北(bei)部(bu)偏東,有一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規(gui)(gui)模較大的(de)(de)陵邑性質的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)內廣場、道(dao)路(lu)、院落(luo)、水井和房(fang)屋等遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡都清(qing)晰可(ke)見,布(bu)局十分規(gui)(gui)范整齊(qi),總面(mian)積近(jin)10萬平方米。四周筑(zhu)(zhu)有夯土城(cheng)(cheng)墻。城(cheng)(cheng)內分前、中(zhong)、后(hou)三個(ge)部(bu)分,中(zhong)部(bu)和后(hou)部(bu)的(de)(de)正中(zhong)各有一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規(gui)(gui)模宏大的(de)(de)殿堂,其(qi)他(ta)建筑(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)集中(zhong)在城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)前部(bu)和中(zhong)部(bu),并組(zu)成一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)封(feng)閉式庭院。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)發掘出大批色(se)澤鮮艷(yan)的(de)(de)綠色(se)琉(liu)璃板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)、瓦(wa)(wa)當、滴水、脊(ji)獸、鴟吻和其(qi)他(ta)建筑(zhu)(zhu)裝飾構件,如乳白色(se)或(huo)青白色(se)帶有冰裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)小白瓷板瓦(wa)(wa)、側(ce)邊(bian)有黑色(se)釉的(de)(de)牛郎合瓦(wa)(wa)、精雕細琢的(de)(de)石(shi)刻。

陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)附(fu)近,西(xi)(xi)干渠西(xi)(xi)岸、昊王渠及其東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)側的自然岡丘(qiu)上(shang),由北向南分布著(zhu)一系列西(xi)(xi)夏窯(yao)址(zhi),綿延七八公(gong)里,計幾(ji)十(shi)余處之多。其中(zhong)有燒(shao)制方(fang)磚、長方(fang)磚、條(tiao)磚、板筒瓦、瓦當、滴(di)水、琉璃飾件等(deng)建材的磚瓦窯(yao)和石(shi)灰窯(yao)。據研究人員推測,該(gai)窯(yao)址(zhi)為專門燒(shao)制西(xi)(xi)夏王陵(ling)(ling)建筑材料(liao)而建。

除此九(jiu)大陵區(qu)外,另有神宗李(li)遵頊、獻宗李(li)德(de)旺、末主李(li)晛等獨立陵區(qu)。

主要陵區

綜述

截至2014年,西(xi)夏(xia)王陵(ling)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)確(que)認(ren)(ren)出西(xi)夏(xia)帝(di)陵(ling)9座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),陵(ling)邑遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),陪葬墓(mu)(mu)254座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),窯(yao)址(zhi)(zhi)幾十處(chu),祖廟1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),除7號陵(ling)和182號陪葬墓(mu)(mu)外,其余墓(mu)(mu)葬的墓(mu)(mu)主人尚無法得到最終確(que)認(ren)(ren)。

裕陵

陵區(qu)坐北(bei)朝南,方向南偏東(dong)15度。地面建筑基本全部變成廢墟。整個陵園(yuan)為封閉式外(wai)(wai)神墻(qiang)包圍,墻(qiang)外(wai)(wai)有角臺,陵園(yuan)內從南到北(bei)有闕臺、碑亭(ting)、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng);內城(cheng)中有獻(xian)殿、墓道、陵臺等建筑。

該陵園(yuan)(yuan)的外(wai)城已經全部(bu)倒(dao)(dao)塌(ta),呈南北(bei)長方(fang)形,南北(bei)長360米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西寬(kuan)250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);南墻(qiang)(qiang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中留有門(men)道,寬(kuan)約35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)余三面封閉,墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)為(wei)夯(hang)土(tu)實心,外(wai)表包砌石(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai),厚度(du)在(zai)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右。陵園(yuan)(yuan)南端外(wai)神(shen)門(men)內兩(liang)側(ce)建有東(dong)(dong)西相(xiang)對(dui)的2座闕臺(tai),彼此相(xiang)距(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由黃(huang)沙質(zhi)夯(hang)土(tu)筑成,基(ji)(ji)底呈正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)形,每邊(bian)長8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右。現(xian)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存平頂,周圍殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)片以(yi)及(ji)磚(zhuan)塊(kuai)(kuai)、褐紅(hong)泥皮堆(dui)積(ji)。陵園(yuan)(yuan)內共(gong)有三座碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)遺(yi)址,其(qi)中在(zai)東(dong)(dong)側(ce)有2座,西側(ce)有1座。靠北(bei)的一側(ce)東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)座碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)相(xiang)對(dui),距(ju)離闕臺(tai)各40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)相(xiang)距(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。西碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)約1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面邊(bian)長10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存鋪(pu)地磚(zhuan),臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)周圍被倒(dao)(dao)塌(ta)的殘(can)(can)(can)(can)磚(zhuan)亂瓦(wa)(wa)及(ji)土(tu)石(shi)填起,堆(dui)積(ji)呈圓臺(tai)型,堆(dui)積(ji)之上(shang)及(ji)其(qi)周圍散布(bu)大量磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)、石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碎塊(kuai)(kuai),還有少量琉璃瓦(wa)(wa)和槽心瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)。東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)比西碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)略高,其(qi)他情況與西碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)類似(si)。東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)南側(ce)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有1座小碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting),堆(dui)積(ji)高約1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)形臺(tai)基(ji)(ji),邊(bian)長約8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)他殘(can)(can)(can)(can)骸與另兩(liang)座碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)類似(si)。在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)以(yi)北(bei)約110米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有一處月(yue)(yue)城遺(yi)址,神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)多(duo)已倒(dao)(dao)塌(ta),門(men)址兩(liang)側(ce)各殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存一段較高的墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)。月(yue)(yue)城的墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)為(wei)黃(huang)沙土(tu)夯(hang)筑,夯(hang)層厚8至13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等,月(yue)(yue)城內神(shen)道兩(liang)側(ce)各有兩(liang)列石(shi)像(xiang)生遺(yi)址,間距(ju)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),石(shi)像(xiang)生殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)已很難找到(dao)。

月(yue)城以北為(wei)(wei)內(nei)城遺(yi)址(zhi),該(gai)遺(yi)址(zhi)呈(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)115米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。四面(mian)(mian)以神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)環繞,南(nan)(nan)端(duan)(duan)距離(li)外(wai)(wai)(wai)城137米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)、西(xi)、北三面(mian)(mian)均(jun)相距22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃沙土(tu)分(fen)段夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu),殘存(cun)最高(gao)可達4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)余。南(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)遺(yi)址(zhi)寬(kuan)(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍(wei)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)量(liang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、瓦以及琉璃(li)(li)瓦、槽心(xin)瓦殘塊。門(men)(men)址(zhi)兩側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)加寬(kuan)(kuan),另外(wai)(wai)(wai)3面(mian)(mian)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)正中(zhong)亦辟(pi)門(men)(men),都散(san)見(jian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦,門(men)(men)道(dao)暢通。內(nei)城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四個(ge)轉角處(chu)(chu)夯(hang)土(tu)皆(jie)殘存(cun)較多,均(jun)有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦等(deng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao)散(san)布。在南(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)內(nei)偏(pian)西(xi)約(yue)(yue)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)獻(xian)殿遺(yi)址(zhi),殘存(cun)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)西(xi)向長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)上及周圍(wei)散(san)見(jian)大(da)(da)量(liang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、瓦、琉璃(li)(li)瓦、槽心(xin)瓦、脊飾等(deng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao)。從遺(yi)址(zhi)堆(dui)積分(fen)析(xi),獻(xian)殿的(de)(de)風格疑似為(wei)(wei)歇山式殿堂。在獻(xian)殿之后(hou)約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)墓(mu)道(dao)封土(tu),成(cheng)(cheng)魚脊形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀隆起,東(dong)南(nan)(nan)低西(xi)北高(gao),除砂礫填土(tu)外(wai)(wai)(wai),表面(mian)(mian)多較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)石塊,其(qi)末端(duan)(duan)已經被破壞。墓(mu)道(dao)封土(tu)北端(duan)(duan)東(dong)側約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)近(jin)距陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)地方有(you)(you)1處(chu)(chu)鐘虡遺(yi)址(zhi),僅剩高(gao)約(yue)(yue)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),底(di)面(mian)(mian)邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),其(qi)周圍(wei)散(san)見(jian)琉璃(li)(li)瓦等(deng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao)陵(ling)園內(nei)城西(xi)北有(you)(you)1處(chu)(chu)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),該(gai)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)距離(li)北墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),距離(li)西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)八角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),分(fen)七個(ge)層次,每層向內(nei)收分(fen),頂部趨(qu)尖。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)夯(hang)土(tu)周身有(you)(you)椽洞,洞孔(kong)隨收分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)層分(fen)布,其(qi)孔(kong)徑(jing)10至30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等(deng),陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)周圍(wei)數布大(da)(da)量(liang)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、灰瓦及琉璃(li)(li)瓦、糟心(xin)瓦等(deng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao)。在外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側有(you)(you)4處(chu)(chu)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai),外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)覆斗型,高(gao)約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。前角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)緊靠外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),其(qi)連線跨越(yue)月(yue)城中(zhong)央。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)體(ti)為(wei)(wei)底(di)邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)夯(hang)土(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng),均(jun)坍塌嚴重,周圍(wei)有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦等(deng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao),后(hou)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)在外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)轉角外(wai)(wai)(wai)側。

嘉陵

號陵。陵主李(li)(li)德(de)明,李(li)(li)繼遷之(zhi)長子,系西(xi)夏皇帝李(li)(li)元昊之(zhi)父(fu)。墓號嘉陵。二號陵位于(yu)一(yi)號陵西(xi)北部約(yue)30米的位置處(chu)。地面建筑基(ji)本全部變成廢墟。其除四周角臺殘存(cun)高度比(bi)一(yi)號陵略低(di)之(zhi)外,其余殘存(cun)情(qing)況(kuang)、整(zheng)體架(jia)構、建筑組(zu)成、地理朝向等均與一(yi)號陵類(lei)似。

泰陵

落在一片開(kai)闊地(di)上,其西南約3公(gong)里遠處為一號(hao)、二號(hao)陵,其北(bei)約1.5公(gong)里為五號(hao)、六號(hao)陵,其西約2公(gong)里則為四號(hao)陵。三號(hao)陵園坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,方向南偏(pian)東55度。地(di)面建(jian)筑被嚴重(zhong)破壞。整(zheng)座陵園從南到北(bei)由角臺(tai)(tai)、闕臺(tai)(tai)、碑亭、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng)、獻殿、墓道封土(tu)、陵臺(tai)(tai)等(deng)共(gong)同組成。2000年10月至(zhi)11月、2001年4月至(zhi)6月以(yi)及2001年9月至(zhi)10月,考古(gu)(gu)人員對三號(hao)陵園建(jian)筑遺址進行了(le)三次(ci)大規模考古(gu)(gu)發掘,揭露面積2萬多平方米。

陵(ling)園南端左右兩(liang)(liang)側各有(you)(you)(you)1座闕臺(tai)(tai)遺(yi)址,兩(liang)(liang)座遺(yi)址東西相距約(yue)120米(mi)(mi),由(you)純凈(jing)黃(huang)土(tu)筑成(cheng)。東闕臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)約(yue)8米(mi)(mi),高(gao)約(yue)8米(mi)(mi),上部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)向內(nei)收,頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)較小的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和周(zhou)圍散落(luo)(luo)有(you)(you)(you)大量建(jian)(jian)筑殘(can)塊(kuai),經過細致發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)后發(fa)(fa)現(xian)根部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)經被掏(tao)空。西闕臺(tai)(tai)已(yi)剝(bo)落(luo)(luo)成(cheng)2層圓(yuan)(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)形(xing)(xing)狀,臺(tai)(tai)高(gao)6.8米(mi)(mi)。周(zhou)圍散落(luo)(luo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦殘(can)塊(kuai)等建(jian)(jian)筑材料。位于(yu)雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)以北約(yue)50米(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)2座碑(bei)亭遺(yi)址。碑(bei)亭東西相對(dui),間(jian)距120米(mi)(mi),已(yi)經全部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)被發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)東碑(bei)亭臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)21.5米(mi)(mi),夯筑土(tu)臺(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)四周(zhou)以扭繩紋長(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)成(cheng)三級逐漸收縮的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)階,高(gao)2.35米(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)而為圓(yuan)(yuan)角方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)15.5米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為一(yi)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)址,直徑13.4米(mi)(mi),室(shi)內(nei)直徑7.5米(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)外(wai)為寬2.85米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)墻基(ji)(ji),室(shi)內(nei)鋪方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殘(can)存3個人像石座。周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)(you)大量西夏(xia)文碑(bei)殘(can)塊(kuai)及(ji)銅(tong)鈴鐺、甲片等建(jian)(jian)筑材料。碑(bei)亭南面開門,門內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)25塊(kuai)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)花紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan)呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)排(pai)列,門外(wai)延(yan)伸出斜坡(po)式(shi)踏(ta)道。在西、北兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)側有(you)(you)(you)5座灶(zao)(zao)坑,灶(zao)(zao)坑鑿穿(chuan)了(le)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),內(nei)壁堅硬(ying),有(you)(you)(you)很重的(de)(de)(de)煙痕,坑內(nei)堆(dui)積與臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)上部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堆(dui)積的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)塊(kuai)種類相同。發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)物(wu)中(zhong)以建(jian)(jian)筑用磚(zhuan)(zhuan)最多(duo),數量驚人,卻極(ji)少見列瓦片。由(you)于(yu)破壞燒毀嚴重,屋頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑風格已(yi)無法(fa)推測。富有(you)(you)(you)物(wu)征的(de)(de)(de)花紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan),圖案達8種以上。粗繩紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)在凹(ao)槽內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)1漢(han)(han)字,如李、牛、言、五(wu)等漢(han)(han)字姓氏或(huo)記號(hao),表明了(le)營建(jian)(jian)陵(ling)園過程中(zhong)曾(ceng)有(you)(you)(you)漢(han)(han)族工匠(jiang)參與。

西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)碑亭堆積高(gao)約(yue)3米(mi)(mi),表面布滿殘磚塊(kuai),其間(jian)生有(you)(you)雜草(cao),堆積范(fan)圍(wei)在1000平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)左右。在發掘過后,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)碑亭上方(fang)(fang)加蓋了簡易(yi)保護棚,東(dong)碑亭已(yi)用砂土封蓋。碑亭北(bei)(bei)側(ce)有(you)(you)一處月城遺址(zhi),該遺址(zhi)呈(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)形,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)約(yue)130米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬約(yue)50米(mi)(mi)。月城筑于(yu)陵城南(nan)面,由東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)、南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)圍(wei)成,南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)中部(bu)辟門,月城東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)北(bei)(bei)接(jie)陵城的南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)。月城內東(dong)部(bu)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)各(ge)有(you)(you)兩列南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向的石像(xiang)生基址(zhi)殘跡(ji),兩列基址(zhi)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)間(jian)距8.8米(mi)(mi),神道兩側(ce)的基址(zhi)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)間(jian)距32米(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)垣夯土版筑,基寬2.45至2.55米(mi)(mi),夯層厚0.07至0.1米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)體殘高(gao)多(duo)不到1米(mi)(mi)。

月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)側(ce)(ce)為(wei)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi),四(si)(si)(si)面用神墻(qiang)環(huan)繞(rao),呈(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)160米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。占地(di)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)40畝。神墻(qiang)中(zhong)部(bu)較窄,靠(kao)近轉角(jiao)漸寬(kuan)大(da)(da)(da),純凈(jing)(jing)黃土(tu)分段(duan)夯(hang)筑而(er)成,中(zhong)部(bu)每段(duan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),比較平齊,各(ge)段(duan)如須彌(mi)座形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀。神墻(qiang)四(si)(si)(si)處(chu)(chu)轉角(jiao)皆(jie)很高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da),類圓柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),從(cong)各(ge)轉角(jiao)往神墻(qiang)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce),連體圓柱愈來(lai)愈矮小,各(ge)有(you)(you)5個(ge)(ge),共40個(ge)(ge)。其(qi)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)最高(gao)(gao)達6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上,最低的(de)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),發現在(zai)(zai)轉角(jiao)處(chu)(chu)5個(ge)(ge)連體圓柱夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)皆(jie)有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)(si)(si)面神墻(qiang)皆(jie)正中(zhong)辟門(men)(men),門(men)(men)址(zhi)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)面散布瓦(wa)片(pian)、脊飾(shi)殘(can)塊等。根(gen)據(ju)統(tong)計,內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坍(tan)塌墻(qiang)體在(zai)(zai)2002年時已(yi)達189.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占墻(qiang)體總長度的(de)27.8%。南(nan)(nan)神門(men)(men)內(nei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏(pian)西處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)獻(xian)殿(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)。根(gen)據(ju)考古發掘情(qing)況(kuang)看,可(ke)能原(yuan)為(wei)一正方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面周(zhou)長65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堆(dui)積(ji)厚約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)以(yi)純凈(jing)(jing)黃土(tu)墊起,其(qi)上及周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)(da)量青磚(zhuan)灰瓦(wa)及琉璃構件。獻(xian)殿(dian)之(zhi)后約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)墓道(dao)封土(tu),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)42米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),呈(cheng)東南(nan)(nan)——西北(bei)走向(xiang)(xiang),形(xing)(xing)(xing)似魚脊,以(yi)砂(sha)石填充。其(qi)末端為(wei)盜坑(keng),盜坑(keng)直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。坑(keng)內(nei)長有(you)(you)若(ruo)干(gan)小樹,兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)土(tu)堆(dui)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)隅有(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai),八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分7級,每級向(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)收分。陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)收分處(chu)(chu)及周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)地(di)面散布大(da)(da)(da)量瓦(wa)片(pian)、瓦(wa)當、滴水(shui)(shui)等建筑材(cai)料。夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)整體形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀為(wei)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)上露出(chu)一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)椽(chuan)洞,有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)平方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de),還有(you)(you)豎斜方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de),證(zheng)明原(yuan)來(lai)有(you)(you)椽(chuan)出(chu)頭。距離陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)較遠的(de)四(si)(si)(si)角(jiao)各(ge)有(you)(you)一座角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),其(qi)中(zhong)東南(nan)(nan)、西南(nan)(nan)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)座角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)已(yi)坍(tan)塌,西南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)尚可(ke)分辨認出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji),相(xiang)距約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)520米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)連線(xian)在(zai)(zai)雙闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)前,北(bei)面的(de)2座角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距290米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東北(bei)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)高(gao)(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,坍(tan)塌嚴重(zhong),只有(you)(you)西北(bei)處(chu)(chu)的(de)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)保存(cun)(cun)比較完好,殘(can)高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),但嚴重(zhong)風化。北(bei)邊兩(liang)(liang)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距272米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)聯(lian)線(xian)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)460米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。夯(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)因剝蝕已(yi)趨(qu)圓柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),底面周(zhou)長20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。純凈(jing)(jing)黃土(tu)夯(hang)筑,周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)散落著大(da)(da)(da)量紅褐(he)色板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)殘(can)片(pian)。

安陵

位于(yu)泰陵西(xi)(xi)約(yue)(yue)2公里的(de)賀蘭山山腳(jiao)下(xia),陵園(yuan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、北三面環山,面積(ji)約(yue)(yue)10萬平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南。陵臺(tai)(tai)八面五級,高15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。陵園(yuan)布(bu)(bu)局與(yu)泰陵相(xiang)同,由(you)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)、碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)、月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)、獻(xian)殿、陵臺(tai)(tai)、墓道(dao)等部分組成(cheng)。嫌遺存(cun)(cun)(cun)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)一座。陵園(yuan)南端有(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)2座闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai),相(xiang)距70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)黃(huang)沙土夯(hang)筑(zhu)而成(cheng),基(ji)(ji)(ji)底呈方(fang)形,邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)余。夯(hang)土臺(tai)(tai)個別部位發(fa)生坍(tan)塌,闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)下(xia)都有(you)(you)所收縮,頂部有(you)(you)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji),周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落著磚、瓦(wa)等建筑(zhu)材料。在(zai)西(xi)(xi)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)之后(hou)約(yue)(yue)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)略偏西(xi)(xi)、在(zai)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)之南50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)略偏西(xi)(xi)的(de)位置有(you)(you)該陵園(yuan)內唯一一處(chu)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)遺址,堆積(ji)高約(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎積(ji)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)68米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)部為方(fang)形臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji),邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)平面夯(hang)土中(zhong)有(you)(you)大(da)青(qing)石板、臺(tai)(tai)簽,周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落大(da)量磚瓦(wa)、碑(bei)(bei)石殘塊。該闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)東(dong)側相(xiang)應位置已(yi)經變成(cheng)廣(guang)場,無法確(que)認是(shi)否曾經存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)。碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)北側為月(yue)(yue)城(cheng),曾長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期被(bei)當(dang)地放(fang)羊人占用,破(po)壞嚴重。現(xian)存(cun)(cun)(cun)墻基(ji)(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南北寬(kuan)40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南墻正中(zhong)留門,門址兩側各殘存(cun)(cun)(cun)加寬(kuan)的(de)斷墻,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、高約(yue)(yue)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)沙土夯(hang)筑(zhu)。月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)內石像生基(ji)(ji)(ji)址已(yi)看不(bu)(bu)清楚,在(zai)二(er)十世紀九十年代初,此處(chu)地面布(bu)(bu)滿羊糞(fen),旁邊(bian)(bian)不(bu)(bu)遠處(chu)圍(wei)有(you)(you)羊圈,神道(dao)正上(shang)方(fang)還蓋(gai)有(you)(you)放(fang)羊人居(ju)住(zhu)的(de)房子,后(hou)已(yi)由(you)當(dang)地政府(fu)出面,借旅游開發(fa)之機全部整頓拆除。

獻陵

考古調查稱5號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)。五號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)位于(yu)六(liu)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)東(dong)約500米(mi),整(zheng)體朝(chao)向(xiang)為南偏東(dong)15度。整(zheng)個(ge)陵(ling)(ling)園布(bu)局和(he)建筑(zhu)構成與六(liu)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)相似(si),由闕臺、碑亭、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng)、獻殿、陵(ling)(ling)臺、角臺、開口式(shi)外神墻等(deng)部(bu)分組成。

陵(ling)園最南(nan)端有(you)2座闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),東西(xi)相對,間(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)夯筑而成(cheng)。基底呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,夯土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)數層(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)塊(kuai)、椽(chuan)洞共(gong)有(you)3層(ceng)(ceng),間(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔徑10-15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)洞孔由二根椽(chuan)洞組成(cheng)。以1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)分界(jie),夯土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上、下皆向內收縮,周圍(wei)(wei)皆散(san)布有(you)磚(zhuan)塊(kuai)、板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、琉璃構件(jian)等建筑材料。雙闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)北側有(you)3座碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)邊(bian)(bian)1座,東邊(bian)(bian)2座南(nan)小北大。兩(liang)座較大的(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)各(ge)距(ju)(ju)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),二者相距(ju)(ju)55米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),已經(jing)(jing)全部(bu)清(qing)理完畢。碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)沿豎宜,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基邊(bian)(bian)長14.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)夯筑,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夾有(you)石(shi)塊(kuai),夯層(ceng)(ceng)7至10厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基皆在內側有(you)一踏步(bu),斜長3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分作(zuo)9級臺(tai)(tai)(tai)階(jie),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基之上以方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)砌出方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)線已不清(qing),共(gong)殘(can)存邊(bian)(bian)長為(wei)(wei)(wei)36厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)5塊(kuai)。西(xi)亭(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)見(jian)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)內沒有(you)磚(zhuan),可能原(yuan)放有(you)石(shi)像(xiang)座。從旁邊(bian)(bian)清(qing)理后的(de)(de)(de)堆(dui)積(ji)物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)(xian)有(you):陶質板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、獸面(mian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)當(dang)、花卉滴水,琉璃筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、脊(ji)飾及灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、碎(sui)殘(can)塊(kuai)、人像(xiang)石(shi)座殘(can)塊(kuai)等。東碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)之前約10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)1個小碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting),未經(jing)(jing)清(qing)理,方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基邊(bian)(bian)長約8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍(wei)(wei)堆(dui)積(ji)物基本上類(lei)似(si)已經(jing)(jing)清(qing)理的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)座碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)。在碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)以北約28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)一月臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),整體形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀為(wei)(wei)(wei)東西(xi)長方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長130米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)基寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月城(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開門,門址(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)側各(ge)有(you)1個方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),已坍塌,范圍(wei)(wei)不清(qing),可能是門闕(que),在夯層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夾雜著大量(liang)石(shi)塊(kuai)。沿月城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)基散(san)見(jian)板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、簡瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、磚(zhuan)、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、滴水等殘(can)塊(kuai),在月城(cheng)(cheng)東南(nan)部(bu)墻(qiang)基內側發現(xian)(xian)有(you)成(cheng)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)色堆(dui)積(ji)層(ceng)(ceng),可能是原(yuan)墻(qiang)面(mian)涂(tu)抹的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)色墻(qiang)皮。靠(kao)南(nan)墻(qiang)內側約有(you)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長一段(duan),沿墻(qiang)基底有(you)豎直嵌入的(de)(de)(de)板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),可能是原(yuan)來作(zuo)排(pai)水用的(de)(de)(de)。月城(cheng)(cheng)神道兩(liang)側各(ge)有(you)3列石(shi)像(xiang)生基址(zhi)(zhi),殘(can)存大量(liang)紅(hong)砂(sha)巖(yan)石(shi)像(xiang)生殘(can)塊(kuai),大多風化成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小碎(sui)塊(kuai),基寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),間(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。

月城

北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce)為(wei)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng),四面(mian)(mian)環繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)補墻(qiang)(qiang)多已(yi)坍(tan)塌(ta),從(cong)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)上看近(jin)似(si)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)正(zheng)中(zhong)各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men),南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)址(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)地(di)面(mian)(mian)半米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),門(men)(men)址(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)比其(qi)他地(di)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更寬(kuan),周圍(wei)散落著大(da)(da)量建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao),其(qi)它(ta)各(ge)(ge)門(men)(men)址(zhi)(zhi)周圍(wei)亦(yi)散見磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)等(deng)建筑(zhu)用(yong)材(cai)。各(ge)(ge)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)(chu)略(lve)顯高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da),可(ke)能原來建有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓。南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)中(zhong)軸線(xian)40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西約(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)獻(xian)殿(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),已(yi)清(qing)(qing)理(li),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)為(wei)東西長(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)20.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)70厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)邊(bian)(bian)緣向(xiang)(xiang)上略(lve)有(you)(you)(you)(you)收分,上部(bu)為(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),下(xia)部(bu)為(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層與砂(sha)石層相間夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)踏道(dao),斜長(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)踏道(dao)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce),各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一列基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi).地(di)面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)石像生殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai),基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)縱側(ce)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)。獻(xian)殿(dian)清(qing)(qing)理(li)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堆(dui)積物主要有(you)(you)(you)(you):長(chang)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)、方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)和(he)板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)、灰槽瓦(wa)及瓦(wa)當、滴水(shui)等(deng)遺(yi)物殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai),以筒瓦(wa)最多。距(ju)獻(xian)殿(dian)約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)墓道(dao)封土(tu)(tu)(tu),呈東南(nan)(nan)(nan)-西北(bei)(bei)(bei)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang),但方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)擺動不(bu)大(da)(da)。寬(kuan)6至(zhi)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西北(bei)(bei)(bei)端高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da),整個墓道(dao)封土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)度介于0.5至(zhi)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)似(si)魚脊(ji),主要為(wei)砂(sha)石土(tu)(tu)(tu)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)端靠近(jin)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)盜坑(keng)(keng),直(zhi)徑約(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),破(po)壞了陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)底(di)邊(bian)(bian)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),四面(mian)(mian)坍(tan)塌(ta)嚴重,殘(can)(can)高(gao)(gao)約(yue)為(wei)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),各(ge)(ge)層夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之間夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)層石塊(kuai)(kuai),椽洞分布不(bu)勻(yun),夯(hang)(hang)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度在8至(zhi)13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)。西側(ce)清(qing)(qing)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堆(dui)積中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)等(deng)建筑(zhu)用(yong)材(cai)。從(cong)盜坑(keng)(keng)斷面(mian)(mian)來看,陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)似(si)乎是平(ping)地(di)起(qi)建的(de)(de)(de)(de),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)打地(di)基(ji)(ji)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)底(di)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)表覆(fu)蓋有(you)(you)(you)(you)紅泥皮。位于內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)準礫石,最終連通(tong)至(zhi)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)到(dao)達(da)東、西、北(bei)(bei)(bei)三神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)處(chu)(chu),皆向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)凸出(chu)一個長(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)間,長(chang)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you),寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you),空(kong)地(di)內(nei)(nei)地(di)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)整,沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)它(ta)遺(yi)跡現(xian)象。外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),已(yi)經全(quan)部(bu)坍(tan)塌(ta),北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)(liang)座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)相距(ju)340米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)(liang)座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)相距(ju)365米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東南(nan)(nan)(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)還殘(can)(can)存大(da)(da)約(yue)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分,方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)央有(you)(you)(you)(you)石塊(kuai)(kuai),周圍(wei)散落部(bu)分建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao),其(qi)余(yu)三座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)(can)存均不(bu)超(chao)過1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。

顯陵

考古調查稱6號(hao)陵(ling)。六號(hao)陵(ling)是西(xi)夏王陵(ling)當中截至2014年(nian)唯一(yi)一(yi)個打(da)開地宮(gong)進行發(fa)掘(jue)的遺址,在(zai)發(fa)掘(jue)的時候該陵(ling)址的編號(hao)為(wei)八號(hao)陵(ling)。六號(hao)陵(ling)位于陵(ling)區(qu)中部偏(pian)西(xi),依(yi)賀蘭山(shan)而建,整(zheng)體朝向為(wei)南偏(pian)東15度,整(zheng)個陵(ling)園由闕(que)臺、碑亭(ting)、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng)、獻殿(dian)、墓道、陵(ling)臺、角臺等部分(fen)組成。

陵(ling)園南(nan)端有(you)(you)(you)2座闕(que)臺遺(yi)址(zhi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)相對(dui),間距為(wei)65米(mi)(mi),由夯(hang)土筑(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng),基(ji)部呈(cheng)方形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)長9米(mi)(mi),高(gao)7.1米(mi)(mi),頂部有(you)(you)(you)臺基(ji),以土坯砌(qi)(qi)成(cheng),殘(can)高(gao)1.3米(mi)(mi),臺基(ji)上及四(si)周(zhou)散落著大(da)量磚瓦等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料。闕(que)臺北側有(you)(you)(you)2座碑亭(ting)遺(yi)址(zhi),這2處遺(yi)址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)相對(dui),東(dong)(dong)碑亭(ting)臺基(ji)近方形(xing)(xing),長22米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)21米(mi)(mi),臺基(ji)四(si)周(zhou)以條磚砌(qi)(qi)成(cheng)5級逐漸收縮的臺階,高(gao)2.4米(mi)(mi),臺面長19米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)18米(mi)(mi),臺面上有(you)(you)(you)1個圓形(xing)(xing)基(ji)址(zhi),地面鋪方磚,西(xi)側有(you)(you)(you)斜(xie)坡踏步。在(zai)東(dong)(dong)側碑亭(ting)周(zhou)圍發現(xian)大(da)量西(xi)夏文(wen)、漢文(wen)碑殘(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)及磚塊(kuai)(kuai),但卻沒有(you)(you)(you)瓦片(pian)。西(xi)碑亭(ting)臺基(ji)也(ye)近似方形(xing)(xing),長16米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi),臺基(ji)四(si)面外壁用碎石(shi)縱向砌(qi)(qi)成(cheng),臺面鋪方磚,以自然扁平(ping)石(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)為(wei)柱礎。堆(dui)積中有(you)(you)(you)大(da)量磚、瓦、鴟吻等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩側正(zheng)(zheng)中均有(you)(you)(you)斜(xie)坡踏道(dao),堆(dui)積巾發現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)量西(xi)夏文(wen)碑殘(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)。碑亭(ting)北側為(wei)月城遺(yi)址(zhi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長100米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬(kuan)45米(mi)(mi),正(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)門,月城內神道(dao)兩側各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)兩列(lie)石(shi)像生(sheng)基(ji)址(zhi)。

月城北側(ce)為內(nei)(nei)城,呈(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)183米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬(kuan)134米(mi)(mi),神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi),分段(duan)夯筑(zhu),殘(can)高(gao)(gao)5米(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)門(men)(men)正(zheng)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao),寬(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)、門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)外均有(you)(you)(you)3條斜坡式踏道(dao)(dao)(dao),每條寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi),用(yong)(yong)磚鑲砌(qi),門(men)(men)址內(nei)(nei)外散(san)落著大量磚瓦、鴟吻等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)用(yong)(yong)材。另(ling)外三面(mian)神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)正(zheng)中(zhong)也有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao),但(dan)(dan)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)用(yong)(yong)土(tu)坯砌(qi)成高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)多的一(yi)(yi)堵(du)墻(qiang)(qiang),看起來(lai)無法(fa)通(tong)行。位于南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)偏西位置(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處獻殿遺址,臺基(ji)為東(dong)西長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)90厘米(mi)(mi),地面(mian)以(yi)(yi)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)花紋磚砌(qi)之(zhi),殘(can)缺(que)不全(quan),底端可見柱礎(chu)。內(nei)(nei)城西北處有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座陵(ling)(ling)臺,用(yong)(yong)黃沙土(tu)夯筑(zhu),八角形(xing)(xing),底面(mian)邊長(chang)(chang)12米(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi),分成7級,從(cong)下(xia)至上(shang)逐級收縮,原建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)底部(bu)(bu)外有(you)(you)(you)包磚,其中(zhong)幾層(ceng)(ceng)涂有(you)(you)(you)紅泥(ni)。陡(dou)臺每層(ceng)(ceng)出槽,形(xing)(xing)狀看起來(lai)像是(shi)浮圖。陵(ling)(ling)臺在墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)部(bu)(bu)約(yue)(yue)10米(mi)(mi)處。該(gai)陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)的墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)呈(cheng)30度斜坡,水(shui)平長(chang)(chang)度49米(mi)(mi),墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)西兩壁(bi)(bi)各有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)下(xia)二(er)列與墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)相(xiang)平行的椽洞,相(xiang)距(ju)(ju)2米(mi)(mi),甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的基(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)表面(mian)做有(you)(you)(you)草(cao)拌泥(ni),但(dan)(dan)不甚光整(zheng),但(dan)(dan)多已剝(bo)蝕,并沒有(you)(you)(you)繪制壁(bi)(bi)畫。甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)前發(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)散(san)亂的圓木和(he)朽木板,可能是(shi)用(yong)(yong)于封(feng)閉甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口的。南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)兩壁(bi)(bi)繪有(you)(you)(you)武士修(xiu)番(fan)一(yi)(yi)幅,但(dan)(dan)大部(bu)(bu)分已遭破(po)(po)壞。武士像臉面(mian)朝(chao)甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口,南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)以(yi)(yi)北直到墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)被盜坑破(po)(po)壞。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)距(ju)(ju)地表將近25米(mi)(mi),墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分主室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)左(zuo)右配室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前寬(kuan)6.8米(mi)(mi),后(hou)寬(kuan)7.8米(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)5.6米(mi)(mi),墓(mu)壁(bi)(bi)和(he)頂部(bu)(bu)已經(jing)被破(po)(po)壞,左(zuo)右配室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi),過道(dao)(dao)(dao)為窿(long)夸頂,墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)壁(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)(you)護地板痕跡,空間較小。中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充滿淤泥(ni)及回(hui)填盜坑時的大石塊和(he)陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)地面(mian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)石雕(diao),室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現葬(zang)具。該(gai)陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)的外神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)距(ju)(ju)離內(nei)(nei)神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi),其南(nan)(nan)(nan)端通(tong)到碑亭,以(yi)(yi)石塊壘成。此外陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)4座角臺,總共(gong)4座,是(shi)兆域的標界,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),邊長(chang)(chang)6米(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)7米(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍散(san)落著建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料。

壽陵

考古調(diao)查稱7號陵。七號陵在陵區北部,距離五(wu)號陵約1.5公里,在柏油馬(ma)路以南約200米。陵園大部分(fen)為現代住(zhu)房和(he)場院侵(qin)占,破壞嚴重,陵園建筑僅剩(sheng)下雙闕(que)臺、雙碑亭、月城、內城的南神墻和(he)西神墻、陵臺及西南角臺、外神墻的一部分(fen)。

位(wei)于陵園(yuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)端有(you)(you)2座(zuo)(zuo)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)遺址,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)相對,距(ju)(ju)離70米(mi)形(xing)(xing)、雙(shuang)闕(que)周圍皆已(yi)坍塌,邊(bian)長難以測量,高(gao)約(yue)7米(mi),平頂(ding)處(chu)攀(pan)上(shang)頂(ding)部,煙臺(tai)(tai)周圍散見(jian)磚(zhuan)瓦建(jian)筑(zhu)材料。位(wei)于雙(shuang)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)以北(bei)約(yue)50米(mi),月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以南(nan)(nan)(nan)50米(mi)的(de)(de)位(wei)置有(you)(you)2處(chu)碑(bei)亭(ting)遺址,皆已(yi)經(jing)過清理(li),高(gao)2米(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)呈(cheng)正方形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)長10米(mi),周圍殘(can)(can)存(cun)大(da)量磚(zhuan)、瓦、石(shi)碑(bei)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai),在清理(li)后發現(xian)西(xi)(xi)夏文(wen)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)1265塊(kuai)(kuai),漢文(wen)碑(bei)殘(can)(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)51塊(kuai)(kuai)。月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于碑(bei)亭(ting)北(bei)側(ce),呈(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長方形(xing)(xing),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長125米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)45米(mi),月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)全(quan)部被(bei)破(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai),依(yi)稀可辯神(shen)(shen)道兩側(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)2列(lie)石(shi)像生基(ji)(ji)址,相距(ju)(ju)20米(mi)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)側(ce),近似方形(xing)(xing),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長190米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)180米(mi),內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)除南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)殘(can)(can)存(cun)一(yi)部分外(wai)(wai)(wai),其余基(ji)(ji)本都被(bei)破(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai),墻(qiang)寬(kuan)3米(mi),黃土(tu)夯筑(zhu)而(er)成,夯層厚度(du)(du)為(wei)10-12厘米(mi)不(bu)(bu)等。獻殿和墓(mu)道封土(tu)皆己(ji)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在,地(di)面(mian)已(yi)經(jing)成為(wei)一(yi)片場地(di)。位(wei)于內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏西(xi)(xi)處(chu)有(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)陵臺(tai)(tai),八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),分作7級(ji),從下(xia)至上(shang)逐級(ji)收縮(suo),出(chu)檐結構(gou)明顯。陵臺(tai)(tai)周圍在二十世紀九十年代時被(bei)改建(jian)為(wei)場地(di)和庫房(fang)。從陵園(yuan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部殘(can)(can)存(cun)有(you)(you)部分外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang),從其走(zou)向看大(da)致為(wei)封閉(bi)式。殘(can)(can)存(cun)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)寬(kuan)約(yue)1.8米(mi),黃土(tu)夯筑(zhu),但因(yin)破(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)嚴重,總(zong)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)皆不(bu)(bu)已(yi)經(jing)無(wu)法看出(chu),內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)相距(ju)(ju)22米(mi)。在陵園(yuan)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao),緊挨外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)邊(bian)側(ce)有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)已(yi)經(jing)坍塌的(de)(de)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai),該角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)位(wei)置在月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中部連(lian)線的(de)(de)延長線上(shang),由黃土(tu)夯筑(zhu)而(er)成。

在清理(li)東、西(xi)(xi)碑亭時,共發現(xian)西(xi)(xi)夏(xia)文碑殘塊(kuai)1265塊(kuai)。其(qi)中部(bu)分(fen)殘塊(kuai)經過整理(li),其(qi)上的西(xi)(xi)夏(xia)文可譯為:“大白高國護城圣德至繳皇(huang)帝(di)壽(shou)陵(ling)志銘”,史籍記載壽(shou)陵(ling)為西(xi)(xi)夏(xia)第五代皇(huang)帝(di)仁宗仁孝(xiao)之陵(ling)號,可以確定該陵(ling)為壽(shou)陵(ling)。

莊陵

考古(gu)調(diao)查稱8號陵,墓主李純祐(you)(1177年(nian)~1206年(nian))為仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝長子。八號陵位(wei)于(yu)陵區北部,僅存1座陵臺。在九號陵場塌(ta)裂(lie)的陵臺之(zhi)西約(yue)300米,在七(qi)號陵臺西北約(yue)300米,陵園其(qi)它建筑已(yi)經(jing)全(quan)部被破壞,二十世(shi)紀九十年(nian)代(dai)初,陵園被現代(dai)住房、道路、廣(guang)場侵占,當(dang)時陵臺就(jiu)在一(yi)排住房之(zhi)后(hou)的一(yi)片樹(shu)林中、陵臺頂部修有水塔(ta)(ta),水塔(ta)(ta)后(hou)被拆除。

康陵

考古調查稱9號陵(ling)(ling)。九(jiu)號陵(ling)(ling)在陵(ling)(ling)邑宗廟遺址(zhi)以西約500米,七號陵(ling)(ling)以北約300米,陵(ling)(ling)園遭(zao)到現代建筑的徹底毀壞(huai),地面(mian)建筑僅(jin)剩一座毀壞(huai)的陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai),夯土僅(jin)剩三分之(zhi)一。

康(kang)陵墓主李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),為(wei)(wei)仁(ren)宗(zong)仁(ren)孝(xiao)弟越王(wang)仁(ren)友(you)之子,崇宗(zong)乾順之孫(sun)。西夏(xia)(xia)桓(huan)宗(zong)天慶十二年(1205年),與桓(huan)宗(zong)母羅氏合謀廢桓(huan)宗(zong)自立,改(gai)元應天。六(liu)月,羅氏為(wei)(wei)子請封冊于(yu)金,金冊封為(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)國王(wang)。蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)多次用兵(bing)西夏(xia)(xia),并破克夷(yi)門,進(jin)圍中(zhong)(zhong)興府。李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)親(qin)自登城激勵將士(shi)守(shou)御。蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)兵(bing)引黃河水灌城,城中(zhong)(zhong)居民淹(yan)死極(ji)多。李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)遣使(shi)乞援于(yu)金,金拒絕出兵(bing)。李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)只得(de)向蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)納女請和,夏(xia)(xia)金關系趨(qu)于(yu)破裂。西夏(xia)(xia)光定元年(1211年)夏(xia)(xia)齊王(wang)遵環廢安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)自立。同年8月安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)死,年42歲,謚靜(jing)穆皇帝(di),廟號襄宗(zong),墓號康(kang)陵。

交通

1.市區可以先乘2路、4路、18路公交車(che)(che)(che)到新市區,然后(hou)包車(che)(che)(che)前去(qu)。包車(che)(che)(che)價格為(wei)面的30元(yuan)。銀川旅游汽車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(北(bei)門汽車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan))每天有車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)往西夏王陵(冬季、夏季無班車(che)(che)(che)),發(fa)車(che)(che)(che)時間為(wei)8:30、9:30,返回(hui)時間為(wei)13:30、15:30,票價9元(yuan)/人,行程約70分(fen)鐘。

2.銀川市(shi)區南門(men)(men)汽車(che)站(zhan)、北門(men)(men)旅(lv)(lv)游汽車(che)站(zhan)及南關清真(zhen)寺均(jun)有發往西(xi)夏王陵的(de)旅(lv)(lv)游班車(che),票價(jia)8元(yuan)左右(you),但(dan)間隔(ge)較長(chang),視客(ke)流而(er)定(ding),在1至2小時(shi)之間。

3.自(zi)駕(jia)車(che)較(jiao)為方便,由市(shi)區(qu)內北京路(lu)向西到頭,丁字路(lu)口向南拐上110國道,直行(xing)10公里路(lu)西即到,景區(qu)設有面積很大(da)的停車(che)場。

地圖(tu)坐標+
本百科詞條由網站注冊用戶【 給生活一把琴 】編輯上傳提供,詞條屬于開放詞條,當前頁面所展示的詞條介紹涉及宣傳內容屬于注冊用戶個人編輯行為,與【西夏陵】的所屬企業/所有人/主體無關,網站不完全保證內容信息的準確性、真實性,也不代表本站立場,各項數據信息存在更新不及時的情況,僅供參考,請以官方發布為準。如果頁面內容與實際情況不符,可點擊“反饋”在線向網站提出修改,網站將核實后進行更正。 反饋
發表評論
您還未登錄,依《網絡安全法》相關要求,請您登錄賬戶后再提交發布信息。點擊登錄>>如您還未注冊,可,感謝您的理解及支持!
最新評論
暫無評論
網站提醒和聲明
本(ben)(ben)站為(wei)注冊(ce)用戶(hu)(hu)提(ti)供信(xin)息存儲空間服務,非(fei)“MAIGOO編輯上傳提(ti)供”的文章/文字均(jun)是注冊(ce)用戶(hu)(hu)自(zi)主發布上傳,不代表本(ben)(ben)站觀點,版權(quan)歸(gui)原作者所有,如(ru)有侵權(quan)、虛假信(xin)息、錯誤信(xin)息或(huo)任何問題,請(qing)及時聯(lian)系我們,我們將在第一時間刪除或(huo)更正(zheng)。 申請刪除>> 糾錯>> 投訴侵權>> 網頁(ye)上(shang)相關信(xin)息的(de)知識產權(quan)歸網站方所有(you)(包括但(dan)不限于文(wen)字、圖片、圖表、著作權(quan)、商(shang)標(biao)權(quan)、為用戶提(ti)供的(de)商(shang)業(ye)信(xin)息等(deng)),非經許可不得抄襲(xi)或使用。
提交說明: 查看提交幫助>> 注冊登錄>>
頁面相關分類
熱門模塊
已有4078378個品牌入駐 更新519309個招商信息 已發布1591854個代理需求 已有1359199條品牌點贊