具茨山(shan)古(gu)稱具茨山(shan),現在(zai)名為始祖山(shan),位于新鄭(zheng)市區西南(nan)15公里(li)處的辛店鎮境內,面積約(yue)12平方公里(li),山(shan)清水秀,風景(jing)如畫,黃帝文化遺跡遍布(bu)山(shan)野。2000年7月(yue),河南(nan)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府公布(bu)山(shan)頂的軒轅廟等(deng)景(jing)點(dian)為省(sheng)級重點(dian)文物保護(hu)單(dan)位,2001年,公布(bu)為全國僑聯愛國主義(yi)教育基(ji)地。2003年始祖山(shan)被河南(nan)省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業廳批準(zhun)為省(sheng)級森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公園,2005年被批準(zhun)國家級森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公園。
始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)主峰(feng)風后嶺海(hai)拔793米(mi),相對(dui)高(gao)度540米(mi),遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望(wang)去(qu),好(hao)似一(yi)尊軒轅黃帝像(xiang),偉(wei)岸挺拔,眉眼畢現,蔚(yu)蔚(yu)壯觀,令人肅然(ran)起敬。風后嶺南坡(po)和東坡(po)為數(shu)百(bai)米(mi)高(gao)的懸崖峭(qiao)(qiao)壁(bi),奇峰(feng)怪(guai)石林(lin)(lin)立,構(gou)成高(gao)峻雄偉(wei)的山(shan)岳風景。同(tong)時,山(shan)坡(po)上叢林(lin)(lin)密布(bu),果園飄香,山(shan)半腰的青(qing)崗廟水庫,水平(ping)如鏡(jing),清澈見(jian)底,西坡(po)的黑龍潭、玉女(nv)池,溪水潺(chan)(chan)潺(chan)(chan),波(bo)光瀲影,嫵媚動人,形成山(shan)、水、泉、林(lin)(lin)融為一(yi)體的秀麗景色。近年來,全市累計有(you)20余萬人次上山(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)樹,新(xin)植(zhi)(zhi)常青(qing)樹種20萬株,始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)達到48科252屬200多種,林(lin)(lin)地面積(ji)達4667公頃(qing),森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達90%以上,形成了(le)垂直分布(bu)的闊葉(xie)混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)帶,生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)態林(lin)(lin)帶、灌(guan)木植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)林(lin)(lin)帶等三個(ge)群落。站在(zai)山(shan)腳下的駝窯村,仰觀始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)東坡(po),數(shu)百(bai)米(mi)高(gao)的懸崖峭(qiao)(qiao)壁(bi)直插云霄,怪(guai)石林(lin)(lin)立,險峰(feng)突兀。走進(jin)山(shan)門,登上望(wang)祖(zu)亭,遙(yao)觀山(shan)頂(ding),依山(shan)勢而(er)成的炎黃二帝巨雕坐(zuo)像(xiang)清晰可見(jian),惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖,栩栩如生(sheng)。
由(you)望(wang)祖亭上行(xing)不遠,便是(shi)正在(zai)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)的(de)黃帝大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)高30米(mi),寬(kuan)27米(mi),為(wei)仿古建(jian)(jian)筑,投資1200萬(wan)元,是(shi)省“九五(wu)”期(qi)間重點(dian)建(jian)(jian)設旅游項(xiang)目。建(jian)(jian)成后(hou),將成為(wei)海(hai)內(nei)外炎黃子(zi)孫尋根拜祖的(de)“東(dong)方麥加(jia)”。從黃帝大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)拾級而(er)上,登(deng)408個臺階(jie),便到了嫘(lei)祖洞(古傳(chuan)為(wei)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao))。這是(shi)古時人(ren)們在(zai)懸崖絕壁上鑿挖(wa)的(de)大(da)石(shi)(shi)洞,內(nei)供(gong)有(you)嫘(lei)祖、嫫母塑像。扶石(shi)(shi)梯攀登(deng)到洞門口,可見(jian)洞內(nei)燒香拜祖的(de)游人(ren)成群結隊,煙霧(wu)繚繞。站在(zai)洞口,已是(shi)身居云(yun)霧(wu)中,眼望(wang)處叢林片片,綠海(hai)泛(fan)波,紫氣升(sheng)騰。嫘(lei)祖洞外左邊(bian)不遠的(de)懸崖上,有(you)一小(xiao)龕,叫做(zuo)“求子(zi)龕”。傳(chuan)說每次揀7個石(shi)(shi)子(zi)往(wang)上投,投進幾個石(shi)(shi)子(zi),娘(niang)娘(niang)送給你(ni)幾個兒子(zi)。由(you)嫘(lei)祖洞登(deng)高而(er)上,到達力(li)牧峰,可望(wang)見(jian)遠處高大(da)的(de)雄鷹(ying)石(shi)(shi),似(si)蒼勁的(de)雄鷹(ying)蹲在(zai)山巔,傲視蒼穹(qiong)。
登(deng)上(shang)(shang)山頂,便(bian)到(dao)了黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)祠中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)門(men)外。中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)門(men)是(shi)仿漢(han)代建筑,赤柱畫棟,飛(fei)檐挑(tiao)角。紅磚綠瓦,雄偉壯觀。中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)門(men)里有中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)閣。中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)閣下是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)迎(ying)(ying)日(ri)推(tui)策峰(feng),峰(feng)上(shang)(shang)有四(si)臺(tai):黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)推(tui)策臺(tai),群(qun)臣盟誓(shi)臺(tai),智慧臺(tai),鴛鴦(yang)臺(tai)。傳(chuan)說是(shi)“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)獲寶鼎,迎(ying)(ying)日(ri)推(tui)策,舉風后、力牧、常先、大鴻(hong)治民”的遺址。推(tui)策臺(tai)上(shang)(shang),至今還有黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)的腳印(yin)和黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)與(yu)嫘祖的座印(yin)。站在(zai)迎(ying)(ying)日(ri)推(tui)策峰(feng)上(shang)(shang)拍手(shou)(shou),中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)門(men)前便(bian)會出(chu)現彈琴似(si)的回(hui)音。回(hui)音形成一(yi)線,可傳(chuan)數(shu)十米遠。出(chu)名院士傅(fu)喜年先生(sheng)曾在(zai)此拍手(shou)(shou)親(qin)試,說,“這里的琴聲回(hui)音出(chu)現在(zai)山峰(feng)上(shang)(shang),確(que)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華一(yi)絕。”
回(hui)首(shou)進中天門,迎面便是(shi)始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)軒(xuan)轅閣(ge)(ge)(ge)前(qian)的(de)石(shi)碑(bei)(bei) 始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)景觀 ,上(shang)刻李德生題(ti)寫的(de)碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)“巍巍具茨山(shan)(shan),文(wen)明(ming)八(ba)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”。始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)軒(xuan)轅閣(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)四層(ceng)樓閣(ge)(ge)(ge),紅(hong)墻(qiang)綠瓦,雕梁畫棟(dong),挑(tiao)角飛檐,雄(xiong)偉肅穆。登上(shang)樓閣(ge)(ge)(ge),極目四望,頓覺心曠神怡。往(wang)西看(kan)(kan),峰(feng)峰(feng)嶺(ling)嶺(ling)起波瀾,重(zhong)巒(luan)疊嶂山(shan)(shan)連山(shan)(shan);往(wang)北看(kan)(kan),綠野無垠大(da)平原,九曲黃河(he)(he)入青(qing)天;往(wang)東看(kan)(kan),水庫(ku)似鏡銀光閃(shan),溪水淙(cong)(cong)淙(cong)(cong)流(liu)深潭。由軒(xuan)轅閣(ge)(ge)(ge)往(wang)西走,山(shan)(shan)頂是(shi)保存數(shu)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)古(gu)建筑——軒(xuan)轅廟。大(da)殿全(quan)是(shi)青(qing)石(shi)板砌成,石(shi)墻(qiang)、石(shi)架、石(shi)頂、石(shi)門、石(shi)窗,內供軒(xuan)轅黃帝(di)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)坐(zuo)像。門上(shang)方懸掛全(quan)國政協副主席程思遠題(ti)寫的(de)“人文(wen)初祖(zu)”匾(bian)額。門外立一(yi)石(shi)碑(bei)(bei),有前(qian)文(wen)化部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)長賀敬(jing)之題(ti)寫的(de)“中華文(wen)明(ming)始(shi)祖(zu)”碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)。此(ci)廟于2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)被河(he)(he)南省人民政府(fu)公布為河(he)(he)南省重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。
在(zai)軒(xuan)轅廟北(bei)邊,是(shi)歷代名(ming)(ming)人登(deng)山(shan)(shan)拜(bai)祖(zu)頌(song)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)的石(shi)刻碑群。傳說,歷代名(ming)(ming)人和百姓每(mei)年三月(yue)三登(deng)山(shan)(shan)拜(bai)祖(zu),延續至今。近年來(lai)有韓國(guo)、印(yin)度尼(ni)西亞、新加(jia)坡等地華人組團登(deng)山(shan)(shan)拜(bai)祖(zu)。 現在(zai),盤山(shan)(shan)公(gong)路(lu)直達山(shan)(shan)頂。遍山(shan)(shan)野的黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)文化遺(yi)址(zhi),如軒(xuan)轅宮、南崖(ya)宮、黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)避暑宮、黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)御花園、大鴻屯(tun)兵處以及少典祠(ci)、黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)自然(ran)山(shan)(shan)飲馬(ma)泉(quan)、嫘祖(zu)廟、黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)三女冢等正(zheng)在(zai)開發(fa),迎接海內外人士觀(guan)光拜(bai)祖(zu)。