地理位置
弦(xian)歌臺(tai)位于河南(nan)省淮陽(yang)區城西南(nan)隅水靜如練(lian)的南(nan)壇(tan)湖中(zhong),這里紅(hong)連映日,碧荷接天,風景優美(mei),景色宜(yi)人。
孔子與弦歌臺
圣人菜
東周(zhou)時期,孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)曾三次(ci)來(lai)陳(chen)國(guo)講(jiang)學(xue),最后(hou)(hou)一次(ci)是(shi)公元前489年,楚昭(zhao)王派(pai)人請孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)講(jiang)學(xue),但(dan)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)講(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)道理(li)是(shi)讓(rang)(rang)統治(zhi)者如(ru)何治(zhi)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),讓(rang)(rang)統治(zhi)者如(ru)何如(ru)何管理(li)百姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),陳(chen)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)百姓(xing)(xing)不愿意了,沒(mei)等(deng)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)到(dao)楚國(guo)見到(dao)楚昭(zhao)王,老(lao)(lao)百姓(xing)(xing)就(jiu)把孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)(he)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟子(zi)們圍(wei)(wei)困在(zai)(zai)(zai)南壇(tan)湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個小(xiao)島上(shang),不給(gei)他們吃,不給(gei)他們喝(he),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)們餓得(de)頭(tou)暈(yun)眼花。沒(mei)辦法(fa),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)們分頭(tou)到(dao)湖(hu)邊(bian)(bian)找吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。魚(yu)是(shi)捉不到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)看湖(hu)里生長一種現在(zai)(zai)(zai)叫蒲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物,就(jiu)拔出來(lai),上(shang)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠莖不能(neng)吃,而(er)下邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒲根(gen)細膩(ni)白嫩,脆(cui)甜可口,孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)就(jiu)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)們吃蒲根(gen),一連七日(ri)(ri),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)們就(jiu)靠蒲根(gen)生活下來(lai)。現在(zai)(zai)(zai),這(zhe)(zhe)種蒲根(gen)叫“圣(sheng)人菜”,涼拌、紅燒味道都很美,成了陳(chen)州城各大(da)餐(can)館里一道特色菜,有客人從遠方來(lai),這(zhe)(zhe)道菜是(shi)必不可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。陳(chen)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)百姓(xing)(xing)看到(dao)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)七日(ri)(ri)不曾餓死,還整(zheng)日(ri)(ri)給(gei)弟子(zi)們誦(song)史講(jiang)學(xue),便(bian)尊稱孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)為(wei)真“圣(sheng)人”。后(hou)(hou)來(lai),陳(chen)國(guo)人就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)被圍(wei)(wei)困的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)島上(shang)建(jian)了一座圣(sheng)人廟(miao),學(xue)名叫“弦歌(ge)臺(tai)”,弦歌(ge)臺(tai)正殿兩邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)柱上(shang),鐫刻著對(dui)聯一副,為(wei)“堂上(shang)弦歌(ge)七日(ri)(ri)不能(neng)容(rong)大(da)道,庭前俎豆(dou)千年猶自(zi)仰高山”,以(yi)紀(ji)念這(zhe)(zhe)位老(lao)(lao)夫子(zi)三次(ci)來(lai)陳(chen)講(jiang)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳話。
弩臺
弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),又(you)稱(cheng)厄臺(tai)(tai)、絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)祠,位于(yu)縣(xian)城西南(nan)隅的(de)(de)南(nan)壇湖中,臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)二(er)門(men)(men)(men)(men),正殿(dian)七(qi)間。正殿(dian)是(shi)主體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),飛檐(yan)斗拱,上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)綠色(se)琉璃瓦。周有(you)(you)青石(shi)(shi)方(fang)柱(zhu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)根。正門(men)(men)(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)鐫(juan)刻(ke)的(de)(de)對聯是(shi)“堂上(shang)(shang)弦歌(ge)(ge)七(qi)日不能容大(da)道(dao);庭前俎豆千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)猶自(zi)仰高山。”前門(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)清(qing)康熙(xi)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))立的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)匾,上(shang)(shang)書“弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”三個大(da)字。弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),原名“弩臺(tai)(tai)”,《元(yuan)(yuan)和志》說(shuo):“后漢陳(chen)王寵善(shan)射,嘗于(yu)此教弩”所以(yi)得名。漢靈帝時,爆發了(le)黃(huang)巾起義,革命軍浩浩蕩蕩,所向披靡,各郡縣(xian)守(shou)兵望(wang)風而逃。惟獨陳(chen)王劉寵占據陳(chen)城四(si)(si)面環水的(de)(de)地利,四(si)(si)面吊橋高懸(xuan),自(zi)帶強弩手(shou)數(shu)千(qian)固守(shou)此臺(tai)(tai),義軍久攻不下(xia),終于(yu)扼(e)住了(le)黃(huang)巾軍,所以(yi)又(you)稱(cheng)“扼(e)臺(tai)(tai)”。到了(le)唐開元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,孔(kong)子廟遷到這(zhe)里。明(ming)憲宗成代六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),知州(zhou)倪誥(gao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)孔(kong)廟并塑孔(kong)子和十(shi)(shi)賢(xian)像(xiang)。明(ming)世宗嘉(jia)靖(jing)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1528年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巡按御史(shi)譚纘增拓正殿(dian)七(qi)間,門(men)(men)(men)(men)二(er)座,題曰“絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)祠”。二(er)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1542年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡按御史(shi)趙繼本改名為“弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”。明(ming)神(shen)(shen)宗萬歷(li)二(er)十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),睢陳(chen)道(dao)徐即登增建(jian)(jian)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men),曰“美富之門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。清(qing)康熙(xi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1628年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知州(zhou)蕭國弼重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修殿(dian)內(nei)塑像(xiang),五(wu)十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1713年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),都(dou)御史(shi)揆敘(xu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修大(da)殿(dian)七(qi)楹,改為方(fang)形石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),上(shang)(shang)復綠琉璃瓦,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修孔(kong)子及十(shi)(shi)賢(xian)像(xiang)。乾隆、嘉(jia)慶、咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間又(you)多次修葺(qi),現(xian)(xian)存(cun)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是(shi)清(qing)乾隆四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de),由于(yu)諸多的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)原因,這(zhe)座被歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)人(ren)墨客稱(cheng)之為陳(chen)州(zhou)“八(ba)景”之一的(de)(de)弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),已(yi)失去(qu)了(le)昔日的(de)(de)輝煌,顯得破舊。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di),在縣(xian)委、政(zheng)府的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視下(xia),弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)得以(yi)整修,修繕(shan)了(le)一進院(yuan)落圍墻和正門(men)(men)(men)(men),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塑了(le)孔(kong)子像(xiang),使弦歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)正門(men)(men)(men)(men)量現(xian)(xian)一派巍峨(e)氣(qi)勢(shi)。殿(dian)內(nei),一尊身高三米,面目慈祥,服飾飄逸(yi)的(de)(de)孔(kong)子像(xiang),端(duan)坐在一米五(wu)高的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)雕像(xiang)基上(shang)(shang)。《史(shi)記·孔(kong)子世家》、《韓詩外傳》、《孔(kong)子家語(yu)》、《孔(kong)子集注》、《搜神(shen)(shen)記》等書都(dou)有(you)(you)關于(yu)孔(kong)子在陳(chen)絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)記載。孔(kong)子在陳(chen)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),還做過(guo)陳(chen)國的(de)(de)官。
厄臺碑
一(yi)(yi)代儒師、教(jiao)育家(jia)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi),其杰(jie)出的(de)(de)思(si)想集中(zhong)(zhong)在這(zhe)些著(zhu)作中(zhong)(zhong),不僅對中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo),乃至世界都產生了巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)影響。歷(li)史文(wen)人(ren)(ren)都對他推(tui)崇備至,甚至連孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)游(you)(you)(you)說于陳(chen)(chen)蔡,在陳(chen)(chen)蔡絕(jue)糧(liang)這(zhe)件不大(da)(da)光彩(cai)的(de)(de)歷(li)史,也被儒家(jia)贊為孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)偉績(ji),一(yi)(yi)代文(wen)學(xue)家(jia)王禹(yu)(yu)在陳(chen)(chen)州(zhou)《厄(e)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)碑》中(zhong)(zhong),把孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)厄(e)于陳(chen)(chen)蔡與“天地厄(e)于晦月,日月厄(e)于薄(bo)蝕,帝舜厄(e)于歷(li)山,大(da)(da)禹(yu)(yu)厄(e)于洪水,成湯(tang)厄(e)于夏臺(tai)(tai)(tai),文(wen)王厄(e)于里”相提并論(lun)。“唐八大(da)(da)家(jia)”之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)曾(ceng)鞏(gong)也吹(chui)捧孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)陳(chen)(chen)蔡絕(jue)糧(liang)是“圣人(ren)(ren)齊日月之時,不能(neng)違日月之道”。淮陽是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)教(jiao)澤所及(ji)之地,他的(de)(de)七(qi)十二個得意弟子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong),淮陽人(ren)(ren)就占4個,加之孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)在陳(chen)(chen)絕(jue)糧(liang),數千年(nian)來,世人(ren)(ren)共(gong)知。所以歷(li)代陳(chen)(chen)人(ren)(ren)建祠紀念,教(jiao)化后人(ren)(ren)不忘儒家(jia)老祖宗(zong)的(de)(de)困苦(ku)與艱(jian)辛。一(yi)(yi)九九六(liu)年(nian)五月一(yi)(yi)日,香(xiang)港企業家(jia),香(xiang)港孔(kong)(kong)教(jiao)學(xue)院(yuan)院(yuan)長湯(tang)恩佳先后為河南這(zhe)座唯一(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)廟捐贈的(de)(de)三米孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)銅(tong)像在陳(chen)(chen)州(zhou)落(luo)成揭幕(mu);臺(tai)(tai)(tai)內(nei)主(zhu)要建筑大(da)(da)成殿已修(xiu)葺一(yi)(yi)新(xin)。目前(qian),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)局將這(zhe)座名勝(sheng)列入“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)周游(you)(you)(you)列國(guo)(guo)”國(guo)(guo)家(jia)旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)專(zhuan)線必至景(jing)點,弦歌(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)這(zhe)座歷(li)史名勝(sheng),不久將成為人(ren)(ren)們尋古探幽的(de)(de)勝(sheng)地之一(yi)(yi)。
保護
1962年(nian)(nian)4月被淮(huai)陽區人民委員會公布(bu)為第一批重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),2006年(nian)(nian)7月被河南省人民政府公布(bu)為重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。