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地理位置

弦歌臺(tai)位于河南省淮(huai)陽區城(cheng)西南隅水靜如練的(de)南壇(tan)湖中，這里紅連映日(ri)，碧荷(he)接天，風景優美，景色宜人(ren)。

孔子與弦歌臺

圣人菜

東周時期(qi)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)曾三次來(lai)陳(chen)國講學(xue)(xue)，最(zui)后一次是(shi)(shi)公(gong)元前489年(nian)(nian)，楚(chu)(chu)昭王(wang)派人請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)講學(xue)(xue)，但孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)講的(de)(de)(de)大(da)道理是(shi)(shi)讓統治者如何(he)治國的(de)(de)(de)，讓統治者如何(he)如何(he)管理百姓的(de)(de)(de)，陳(chen)國的(de)(de)(de)老百姓不(bu)愿(yuan)意了(le)，沒等孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)到(dao)楚(chu)(chu)國見到(dao)楚(chu)(chu)昭王(wang)，老百姓就(jiu)把(ba)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)弟子(zi)們(men)(men)圍(wei)困(kun)在南壇湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)小島(dao)(dao)上，不(bu)給他(ta)們(men)(men)吃，不(bu)給他(ta)們(men)(men)喝，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)弟子(zi)們(men)(men)餓得頭(tou)暈眼(yan)花。沒辦法，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)弟子(zi)們(men)(men)分頭(tou)到(dao)湖(hu)邊(bian)找吃的(de)(de)(de)。魚是(shi)(shi)捉不(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)看湖(hu)里(li)(li)生長(chang)一種(zhong)現(xian)在叫蒲的(de)(de)(de)植物，就(jiu)拔(ba)出來(lai)，上邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)莖不(bu)能(neng)吃，而下(xia)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)蒲根細膩白(bai)嫩，脆甜可口，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)就(jiu)和(he)弟子(zi)們(men)(men)吃蒲根，一連七(qi)日，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)弟子(zi)們(men)(men)就(jiu)靠蒲根生活(huo)下(xia)來(lai)。現(xian)在，這種(zhong)蒲根叫“圣(sheng)人菜(cai)(cai)”，涼拌、紅燒味道都(dou)很美，成了(le)陳(chen)州城各大(da)餐館(guan)里(li)(li)一道特色菜(cai)(cai)，有客(ke)人從遠方(fang)來(lai)，這道菜(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)必不(bu)可少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)。陳(chen)國的(de)(de)(de)老百姓看到(dao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)七(qi)日不(bu)曾餓死(si)，還整日給弟子(zi)們(men)(men)誦史(shi)講學(xue)(xue)，便尊稱(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)為(wei)真“圣(sheng)人”。后來(lai)，陳(chen)國人就(jiu)在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)被圍(wei)困(kun)的(de)(de)(de)島(dao)(dao)上建了(le)一座(zuo)圣(sheng)人廟，學(xue)(xue)名(ming)叫“弦(xian)歌臺”，弦(xian)歌臺正(zheng)殿兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)柱上，鐫刻著(zhu)對聯(lian)一副(fu)，為(wei)“堂上弦(xian)歌七(qi)日不(bu)能(neng)容(rong)大(da)道，庭(ting)前俎豆千年(nian)(nian)猶(you)自仰(yang)高(gao)山”，以紀(ji)念這位老夫子(zi)三次來(lai)陳(chen)講學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)佳話。

弩臺

弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)，又(you)稱厄臺(tai)、絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)祠，位(wei)于縣(xian)城西南(nan)隅的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)壇湖中，臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)現(xian)存建(jian)筑有(you)(you)二(er)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，正殿(dian)七間(jian)。正殿(dian)是主體(ti)建(jian)筑，飛(fei)檐斗拱，上(shang)(shang)蓋綠色琉璃瓦。周(zhou)有(you)(you)青石(shi)(shi)方柱(zhu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四根(gen)。正門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)鐫刻的(de)(de)(de)對聯是“堂上(shang)(shang)弦(xian)歌(ge)七日不能容大(da)(da)道；庭前俎豆千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)猶自仰高(gao)山(shan)。”前門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)清(qing)康熙(xi)五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）立的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)匾(bian)，上(shang)(shang)書“弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)”三(san)個大(da)(da)字。弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)，原名(ming)“弩(nu)臺(tai)”，《元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)志(zhi)》說(shuo)：“后漢(han)陳(chen)王寵善射，嘗于此(ci)教(jiao)弩(nu)”所以得名(ming)。漢(han)靈(ling)帝時(shi)，爆發了(le)黃(huang)巾起義，革命軍(jun)浩浩蕩(dang)蕩(dang)，所向披靡，各(ge)郡縣(xian)守兵望風而(er)逃。惟獨陳(chen)王劉寵占(zhan)據陳(chen)城四面(mian)環水的(de)(de)(de)地利，四面(mian)吊橋高(gao)懸，自帶強(qiang)弩(nu)手數千(qian)固(gu)守此(ci)臺(tai)，義軍(jun)久攻(gong)不下，終(zhong)于扼住了(le)黃(huang)巾軍(jun)，所以又(you)稱“扼臺(tai)”。到了(le)唐開元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)廟遷(qian)到這里(li)。明憲宗成代六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，知(zhi)州倪誥(gao)重建(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)廟并塑孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)十(shi)(shi)賢像。明世宗嘉靖七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1528年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），巡按御史譚(tan)纘增拓正殿(dian)七間(jian)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)二(er)座，題曰(yue)(yue)“絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)祠”。二(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1542年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）巡按御史趙繼本改名(ming)為“弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)”。明神宗萬歷(li)二(er)十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），睢陳(chen)道徐(xu)即登增建(jian)大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，曰(yue)(yue)“美富之門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”。清(qing)康熙(xi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1628年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），知(zhi)州蕭(xiao)國弼重修(xiu)殿(dian)內塑像，五十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1713年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），都御史揆敘重修(xiu)大(da)(da)殿(dian)七楹，改為方形石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)，上(shang)(shang)復綠琉璃瓦，重修(xiu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)及十(shi)(shi)賢像。乾(qian)隆(long)、嘉慶、咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)又(you)多次修(xiu)葺，現(xian)存的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑是清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)四十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，由(you)于諸多的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史原因，這座被歷(li)史文人墨客稱之為陳(chen)州“八(ba)景”之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)，已失去了(le)昔日的(de)(de)(de)輝煌(huang)，顯得破舊。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，在(zai)縣(xian)委、政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)重視下，弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)得以整(zheng)修(xiu)，修(xiu)繕了(le)一(yi)進(jin)院落圍墻(qiang)和(he)正門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，重塑了(le)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)像，使弦(xian)歌(ge)臺(tai)正門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)量現(xian)一(yi)派巍峨氣勢。殿(dian)內，一(yi)尊身高(gao)三(san)米，面(mian)目慈祥，服飾飄逸的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)像，端坐在(zai)一(yi)米五高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)雕像基上(shang)(shang)。《史記·孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)世家》、《韓詩外傳(chuan)》、《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)家語》、《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)集注》、《搜神記》等書都有(you)(you)關于孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)記載。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，還做過陳(chen)國的(de)(de)(de)官。

厄臺碑

一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)儒師、教育(yu)家(jia)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)，其杰出的(de)思想(xiang)集中(zhong)在(zai)這些著作中(zhong)，不(bu)僅對(dui)中(zhong)國，乃至(zhi)世界(jie)都產(chan)生了(le)巨(ju)大的(de)影響。歷(li)(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)人都對(dui)他(ta)推崇(chong)備至(zhi)，甚至(zhi)連(lian)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)游說(shuo)于(yu)陳(chen)蔡(cai)，在(zai)陳(chen)蔡(cai)絕糧(liang)這件不(bu)大光彩的(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)，也(ye)被儒家(jia)贊為(wei)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)偉(wei)績，一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)學(xue)家(jia)王禹在(zai)陳(chen)州(zhou)(zhou)《厄臺碑》中(zhong)，把孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)厄于(yu)陳(chen)蔡(cai)與“天地(di)厄于(yu)晦(hui)月(yue)，日(ri)月(yue)厄于(yu)薄(bo)蝕(shi)，帝(di)舜厄于(yu)歷(li)(li)山，大禹厄于(yu)洪水，成(cheng)(cheng)湯厄于(yu)夏(xia)臺，文(wen)(wen)王厄于(yu)里”相(xiang)提并(bing)論。“唐八大家(jia)”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)曾(ceng)鞏也(ye)吹(chui)捧孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)陳(chen)蔡(cai)絕糧(liang)是“圣人齊(qi)日(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)時(shi)，不(bu)能違日(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)道(dao)”。淮陽(yang)是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)教澤所及之(zhi)地(di)，他(ta)的(de)七十二(er)個得意(yi)弟子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)，淮陽(yang)人就(jiu)占4個，加之(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)絕糧(liang)，數千年來，世人共知。所以歷(li)(li)代(dai)陳(chen)人建祠紀念，教化(hua)后人不(bu)忘儒家(jia)老(lao)祖宗的(de)困(kun)苦(ku)與艱辛(xin)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)九九六年五(wu)月(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)，香港(gang)企業家(jia)，香港(gang)孔(kong)(kong)教學(xue)院(yuan)院(yuan)長湯恩佳(jia)先后為(wei)河南這座唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)廟捐贈的(de)三(san)米(mi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)銅像在(zai)陳(chen)州(zhou)(zhou)落成(cheng)(cheng)揭幕；臺內主(zhu)要建筑大成(cheng)(cheng)殿已修葺(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)新。目前，國家(jia)旅(lv)游局將(jiang)(jiang)這座名勝列(lie)入“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)周游列(lie)國”國家(jia)旅(lv)游專線必至(zhi)景點，弦歌臺這座歷(li)(li)史(shi)名勝，不(bu)久將(jiang)(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)人們(men)尋古探(tan)幽的(de)勝地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。

保護

1962年(nian)4月被(bei)淮陽區人民委員會(hui)公布為第(di)一批重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單位(wei)，2006年(nian)7月被(bei)河(he)南省人民政府(fu)公布為重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單位(wei)。