地理位置
弦歌(ge)臺位于河(he)南省淮(huai)陽區城西南隅水靜如練的南壇湖中,這(zhe)里紅連映日,碧荷接天,風景優美(mei),景色宜人。
孔子與弦歌臺
圣人菜
東周時(shi)期,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曾三次來(lai)(lai)陳(chen)國(guo)(guo)講學,最后(hou)一(yi)次是(shi)公元(yuan)前(qian)489年(nian),楚(chu)昭(zhao)王派人(ren)請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)講學,但孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)講的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)道(dao)理(li)是(shi)讓統治(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)如何(he)(he)治(zhi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),讓統治(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)如何(he)(he)如何(he)(he)管理(li)百(bai)姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),陳(chen)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)不(bu)愿意了(le),沒等孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)到楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)見到楚(chu)昭(zhao)王,老(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)把孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)(men)圍困(kun)在南壇湖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個小島(dao)上(shang),不(bu)給他們(men)(men)(men)吃,不(bu)給他們(men)(men)(men)喝(he),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)(men)餓得頭(tou)暈(yun)眼花(hua)。沒辦法,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)(men)分頭(tou)到湖邊找吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。魚(yu)是(shi)捉不(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)看(kan)湖里生長一(yi)種現在叫(jiao)(jiao)蒲(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物,就(jiu)(jiu)拔出來(lai)(lai),上(shang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠莖不(bu)能吃,而(er)下邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒲(pu)(pu)根細膩白(bai)嫩(nen),脆(cui)甜可口,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)(men)吃蒲(pu)(pu)根,一(yi)連七日,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)靠蒲(pu)(pu)根生活下來(lai)(lai)。現在,這(zhe)種蒲(pu)(pu)根叫(jiao)(jiao)“圣人(ren)菜(cai)(cai)”,涼(liang)拌(ban)、紅燒味道(dao)都很美,成了(le)陳(chen)州城(cheng)各大(da)餐館里一(yi)道(dao)特色菜(cai)(cai),有客人(ren)從(cong)遠方來(lai)(lai),這(zhe)道(dao)菜(cai)(cai)是(shi)必不(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。陳(chen)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)看(kan)到孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)七日不(bu)曾餓死,還整日給弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)(men)(men)誦史講學,便尊稱孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為真“圣人(ren)”。后(hou)來(lai)(lai),陳(chen)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)被圍困(kun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)島(dao)上(shang)建了(le)一(yi)座圣人(ren)廟,學名叫(jiao)(jiao)“弦歌(ge)(ge)臺”,弦歌(ge)(ge)臺正殿兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石柱上(shang),鐫(juan)刻(ke)著對聯一(yi)副,為“堂上(shang)弦歌(ge)(ge)七日不(bu)能容大(da)道(dao),庭前(qian)俎豆千年(nian)猶自仰高山”,以紀念這(zhe)位老(lao)(lao)夫子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三次來(lai)(lai)陳(chen)講學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳話。
弩臺
弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),又(you)稱厄(e)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、絕糧祠(ci),位于(yu)縣城西南(nan)隅的(de)(de)南(nan)壇湖中(zhong),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)現(xian)存建筑(zhu)有二門(men)(men)(men),正殿(dian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)間。正殿(dian)是(shi)主體建筑(zhu),飛檐斗拱(gong),上(shang)(shang)蓋綠色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)。周有青石(shi)方(fang)柱二十(shi)四根。正門(men)(men)(men)石(shi)柱上(shang)(shang)鐫(juan)刻的(de)(de)對聯是(shi)“堂(tang)上(shang)(shang)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)不能(neng)容大(da)(da)道;庭前(qian)俎豆千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)猶自仰(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山。”前(qian)門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)有清(qing)(qing)康熙五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))立的(de)(de)石(shi)匾(bian),上(shang)(shang)書“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”三(san)(san)個大(da)(da)字。弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),原名“弩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”,《元(yuan)和(he)志》說:“后漢陳(chen)王寵(chong)善射,嘗于(yu)此教弩”所(suo)以得名。漢靈帝時,爆發了(le)(le)黃巾起義,革命(ming)軍(jun)浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩(dang)蕩(dang),所(suo)向披靡,各郡縣守兵(bing)望風而逃。惟(wei)獨陳(chen)王劉(liu)寵(chong)占據陳(chen)城四面(mian)(mian)(mian)環水的(de)(de)地利,四面(mian)(mian)(mian)吊橋高(gao)(gao)(gao)懸,自帶(dai)強弩手數(shu)千固守此臺(tai)(tai)(tai),義軍(jun)久攻不下,終于(yu)扼(e)住了(le)(le)黃巾軍(jun),所(suo)以又(you)稱“扼(e)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”。到了(le)(le)唐開元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廟遷到這里(li)。明(ming)(ming)憲宗(zong)成代六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),知州(zhou)倪誥重建孔(kong)(kong)(kong)廟并塑孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)十(shi)賢像(xiang)。明(ming)(ming)世宗(zong)嘉(jia)靖七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1528年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巡(xun)(xun)按(an)御(yu)史譚纘增拓正殿(dian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)間,門(men)(men)(men)二座,題曰“絕糧祠(ci)”。二十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1542年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡(xun)(xun)按(an)御(yu)史趙繼本(ben)改名為“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”。明(ming)(ming)神宗(zong)萬歷(li)二十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),睢陳(chen)道徐即登增建大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men),曰“美富之門(men)(men)(men)”。清(qing)(qing)康熙二十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1628年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知州(zhou)蕭國(guo)弼重修(xiu)殿(dian)內(nei)塑像(xiang),五(wu)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1713年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),都御(yu)史揆(kui)敘重修(xiu)大(da)(da)殿(dian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)楹,改為方(fang)形石(shi)柱,上(shang)(shang)復綠琉(liu)璃瓦(wa),重修(xiu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)及十(shi)賢像(xiang)。乾隆、嘉(jia)慶、咸豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間又(you)多(duo)次修(xiu)葺(qi),現(xian)存的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)是(shi)清(qing)(qing)乾隆四十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重建的(de)(de),由(you)于(yu)諸多(duo)的(de)(de)歷(li)史原因(yin),這座被(bei)歷(li)史文人墨客稱之為陳(chen)州(zhou)“八景”之一(yi)的(de)(de)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),已失去了(le)(le)昔日(ri)的(de)(de)輝煌,顯得破舊。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,在(zai)(zai)(zai)縣委、政府的(de)(de)重視下,弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)得以整修(xiu),修(xiu)繕了(le)(le)一(yi)進院落(luo)圍墻和(he)正門(men)(men)(men),重塑了(le)(le)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)像(xiang),使(shi)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)正門(men)(men)(men)量現(xian)一(yi)派巍峨氣勢。殿(dian)內(nei),一(yi)尊身高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)米,面(mian)(mian)(mian)目慈(ci)祥,服飾飄逸的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)像(xiang),端坐在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)米五(wu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)石(shi)雕像(xiang)基上(shang)(shang)。《史記(ji)·孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)世家(jia)》、《韓詩外傳》、《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)語》、《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)集注》、《搜神記(ji)》等(deng)書都有關(guan)于(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)陳(chen)絕糧的(de)(de)記(ji)載。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)陳(chen)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),還做(zuo)過陳(chen)國(guo)的(de)(de)官。
厄臺碑
一(yi)代(dai)(dai)儒(ru)師、教育(yu)家(jia)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi),其杰出的(de)(de)思想(xiang)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)這些著作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不僅對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國,乃(nai)至世(shi)界都(dou)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)巨大(da)的(de)(de)影響。歷(li)(li)史文人都(dou)對他推崇備(bei)至,甚(shen)至連孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)游(you)說于(yu)(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)蔡,在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)蔡絕糧這件不大(da)光彩的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史,也被(bei)儒(ru)家(jia)贊為孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)偉績,一(yi)代(dai)(dai)文學(xue)家(jia)王(wang)(wang)禹在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)州《厄(e)(e)臺碑》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),把孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)蔡與“天地厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)晦(hui)月(yue)(yue),日(ri)月(yue)(yue)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)薄蝕,帝(di)舜厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)歷(li)(li)山,大(da)禹厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)洪水,成湯(tang)(tang)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)夏臺,文王(wang)(wang)厄(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)里”相提并論(lun)。“唐八大(da)家(jia)”之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)曾鞏也吹(chui)捧孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)蔡絕糧是“圣人齊日(ri)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)時,不能違日(ri)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)道”。淮陽(yang)(yang)是孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)教澤所及之(zhi)地,他的(de)(de)七十二個得意(yi)弟子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),淮陽(yang)(yang)人就占4個,加之(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)絕糧,數千年(nian)來,世(shi)人共知。所以(yi)歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)人建(jian)祠紀念,教化后(hou)人不忘(wang)儒(ru)家(jia)老祖宗(zong)的(de)(de)困苦(ku)與艱辛。一(yi)九九六年(nian)五月(yue)(yue)一(yi)日(ri),香(xiang)(xiang)港企業家(jia),香(xiang)(xiang)港孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)教學(xue)院(yuan)院(yuan)長湯(tang)(tang)恩佳先后(hou)為河南(nan)這座(zuo)唯一(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)廟捐贈(zeng)的(de)(de)三米孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)銅像在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)州落成揭幕;臺內(nei)主(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)筑大(da)成殿已修葺一(yi)新(xin)。目前(qian),國家(jia)旅游(you)局將這座(zuo)名(ming)勝(sheng)列(lie)入“孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)周游(you)列(lie)國”國家(jia)旅游(you)專線必至景點,弦歌臺這座(zuo)歷(li)(li)史名(ming)勝(sheng),不久將成為人們尋古(gu)探幽的(de)(de)勝(sheng)地之(zhi)一(yi)。
保護
1962年4月被(bei)淮陽(yang)區人民委員會公布為(wei)第一批重點文物保護單位,2006年7月被(bei)河南省人民政府公布為(wei)重點文物保護單位。