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電站龍頭

洪家渡水庫(ku)壩址以(yi)上控制流域面積9900平方公(gong)里，占六沖河流域面積的91%。壩址多年平均流量155立方米/秒，多年平均徑(jing)流量48.9億(yi)立方米。水庫(ku)為(wei)山區峽谷和(he)湖泊(bo)混合型(xing)，正(zheng)常(chang)蓄水位時回(hui)水長84.89km，

最(zui)寬(kuan)處3.57km，水(shui)(shui)面面積80.5平(ping)方(fang)公里。淹沒(mei)耕地6.3萬畝，需遷移人口4.5萬人。 水(shui)(shui)庫總(zong)庫容49.47億立方(fang)米(mi)，調節庫容33.61億立方(fang)米(mi)，是烏江11個(ge)梯級(ji)電(dian)站中(zhong)唯一對水(shui)(shui)量具有多年調節能力(li)的“龍頭”電(dian)站。

由(you)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)庫的(de)調(diao)節作(zuo)用，枯水(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)調(diao)節流量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加，汛期(qi)(qi)減少下游梯(ti)級(ji)調(diao)峰棄水(shui)(shui)，可(ke)大(da)幅度提高(gao)烏(wu)江(jiang)干流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。近(jin)期(qi)(qi)可(ke)提高(gao)東風(feng)、烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)兩電(dian)(dian)站保(bao)證出(chu)(chu)力(li)239MW，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)量(liang)（水(shui)(shui)力(li)補償(chang)(chang)(chang)加電(dian)(dian)力(li)補償(chang)(chang)(chang)）11.79億(yi)kW.h，包(bao)括洪(hong)家渡(du)本身電(dian)(dian)量(liang)共計27.73億(yi)kW.h，其中59%為枯期(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，45%為高(gao)峰電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，電(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)優良。遠期(qi)(qi)可(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加全梯(ti)級(ji)保(bao)證出(chu)(chu)力(li)833MW，年增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)15.96億(yi)kW.h。烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)電(dian)(dian)站和(he)東風(feng)電(dian)(dian)站也可(ke)適當增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加裝機容(rong)量(liang)約520MW。還可(ke)改善下游東風(feng)和(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)條件，分別提高(gao)東風(feng)、烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)運(yun)行(xing)死水(shui)(shui)位14m和(he)15m，減少烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)受阻容(rong)量(liang)210MW，避免水(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)在(zai)震動區(qu)運(yun)行(xing)，對機組(zu)(zu)的(de)安全十分有(you)利。由(you)此可(ke)見，電(dian)(dian)站對下游的(de)補償(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)大(da)于(yu)本身效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。

電站建設

洪(hong)家渡(du)工(gong)程(cheng)實際進(jin)程(cheng)是1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)籌建準備，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)導流洞開(kai)(kai)工(gong)，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)壩肩開(kai)(kai)挖，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)8日，作為國(guo)家“西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送”啟動項(xiang)目正式(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)(kai)工(gong)，2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)15日實現大江截(jie)流，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)導流洞完成建設，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)大壩工(gong)程(cheng)達(da)到100年(nian)(nian)(nian)一遇度汛狀態。根據烏江水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)公司調(diao)整后的工(gong)期(qi)目標，2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)洪(hong)家渡(du)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)首(shou)臺(tai)機(ji)組順利發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，10月(yue)第二臺(tai)機(ji)組發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，12月(yue)第三臺(tai)機(ji)組發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，目前主體工(gong)程(cheng)已進(jin)入收尾階(jie)段，其(qi)總(zong)工(gong)期(qi)較初步(bu)設計(ji)提前兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)，并創造了一年(nian)(nian)(nian)內三臺(tai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組投產(chan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建設奇跡，目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠累計(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量7億千瓦時。 總(zong)工(gong)期(qi)比初步(bu)設計(ji)提前兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)。

電站意義

國(guo)(guo)家首批七個“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)(song)”工(gong)(gong)程主會場均設在(zai)此(ci)地，時任國(guo)(guo)務院總理的(de)朱鎔基在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程開(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)的(de)賀電(dian)(dian)中說道(dao)：洪家渡水電(dian)(dian)站“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)(song)”工(gong)(gong)程的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)，標志著西(xi)(xi)部(bu)大開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)拉(la)開(kai)(kai)(kai)序幕。 “西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)(song)”工(gong)(gong)程是中國(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)大開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)的(de)標志性工(gong)(gong)程之一。“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)(song)”是指開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)貴州、云南、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)、四(si)川、內蒙古、山(shan)西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)等西(xi)(xi)部(bu)省區的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)資源，將其(qi)輸送(song)(song)到電(dian)(dian)力(li)緊缺的(de)廣(guang)東(dong)、上(shang)海、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)和京、津、唐地區。

該電(dian)(dian)站在貴州電(dian)(dian)網中主(zhu)要承擔調峰、調頻和備用(yong)，改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)網運(yun)行條件，并具有(you)防(fang)洪、工(gong)農業供水、改善(shan)生態(tai)環境、旅(lv)游(you)、水產(chan)養殖、改善(shan)航運(yun)等綜(zong)合(he)效益。該電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)興建(jian)，無論對烏江(jiang)梯級的(de)(de)"流域、梯級、滾動、綜(zong)合(he)"開發，還是對貴州電(dian)(dian)力結(jie)構的(de)(de)優(you)化，以及對貴州經(jing)濟的(de)(de)振興，都有(you)著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用(yong)。

洪家渡(du)電(dian)(dian)站提前建(jian)成投產，對增強烏(wu)江下(xia)游各梯級電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)以(yi)及貴州電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)調峰調頻(pin)能力(li)將發揮重要作(zuo)用，有助于加(jia)(jia)快貴州“西(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)”步伐。近(jin)期通過對水量的(de)(de)調節，烏(wu)江下(xia)游已建(jian)成的(de)(de)東(dong)風和烏(wu)江渡(du)水電(dian)(dian)站，年發電(dian)(dian)量將可增加(jia)(jia)15億千瓦(wa)時以(yi)上。

水土保持

按照(zhao)水(shui)利部批(pi)復(fu)(fu)的《烏(wu)江(jiang)洪(hong)家渡水(shui)電站水(shui)土(tu)保持(chi)(chi)方案》，貴(gui)州烏(wu)江(jiang)水(shui)電開(kai)發有限責任公司組織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)了壩體邊坡防護、棄(qi)渣場整(zheng)治(zhi)、料(liao)場整(zheng)治(zhi)、施(shi)工(gong)場地及營地整(zheng)治(zhi)和綠化、下游河道(dao)整(zheng)治(zhi)及對外道(dao)路防護等水(shui)土(tu)保持(chi)(chi)措施(shi)，完成(cheng)土(tu)石方工(gong)程(cheng)124.1萬立(li)方米(mi)，栽(zai)植林(lin)木32.1萬株，種草28.0公頃(qing)。項目(mu)區擾(rao)動土(tu)地治(zhi)理(li)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)91.4%，水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)(liu)失治(zhi)理(li)程(cheng)度(du)為(wei)(wei)84.9%，水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)(liu)失控制比為(wei)(wei)1.5，植被恢復(fu)(fu)系數(shu)為(wei)(wei)達(da)到93.1%，林(lin)草覆蓋率(lv)為(wei)(wei)64.6%，攔(lan)渣率(lv)為(wei)(wei)95.4%。