電站龍頭
洪(hong)家渡水庫壩址(zhi)(zhi)以上(shang)控(kong)制流域面積9900平方公里,占六沖河流域面積的91%。壩址(zhi)(zhi)多年平均流量(liang)155立(li)方米(mi)/秒,多年平均徑流量(liang)48.9億立(li)方米(mi)。水庫為(wei)山區峽谷和湖泊混合(he)型,正常蓄(xu)水位(wei)時(shi)回水長84.89km,
最寬處3.57km,水面面積(ji)80.5平方(fang)公里。淹沒(mei)耕地6.3萬畝(mu),需遷(qian)移人口4.5萬人。 水庫(ku)總(zong)庫(ku)容(rong)49.47億立方(fang)米,調(diao)節(jie)庫(ku)容(rong)33.61億立方(fang)米,是烏(wu)江11個(ge)梯級電站中(zhong)唯一對水量具有多年調(diao)節(jie)能力的“龍頭”電站。
由于(yu)水(shui)庫的(de)(de)調節作用,枯(ku)(ku)水(shui)期(qi)調節流量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia),汛期(qi)減(jian)少(shao)下(xia)游梯(ti)級(ji)調峰棄水(shui),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)大(da)幅度提(ti)(ti)高(gao)烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)干流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效益(yi)。近(jin)期(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)、烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)渡兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)保證出力(li)239MW,增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(水(shui)力(li)補(bu)償(chang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)補(bu)償(chang))11.79億(yi)kW.h,包括洪家渡本(ben)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)共計(ji)27.73億(yi)kW.h,其中(zhong)59%為枯(ku)(ku)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),45%為高(gao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)優良(liang)。遠期(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)全梯(ti)級(ji)保證出力(li)833MW,年增(zeng)(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)15.96億(yi)kW.h。烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)渡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和東(dong)(dong)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)適當增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)(liang)約520MW。還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)改善下(xia)游東(dong)(dong)風(feng)和烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)渡的(de)(de)運(yun)行條件,分(fen)別提(ti)(ti)高(gao)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)、烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)渡運(yun)行死水(shui)位14m和15m,減(jian)少(shao)烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)渡受阻容量(liang)(liang)210MW,避免水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組在震動區運(yun)行,對機組的(de)(de)安全十分(fen)有利。由此可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)對下(xia)游的(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)效益(yi)大(da)于(yu)本(ben)身效益(yi)。
電站建設
洪家(jia)渡工程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)是1997年(nian)開(kai)(kai)始電(dian)(dian)站籌建(jian)準備,2000年(nian)3月(yue)導流洞開(kai)(kai)工,2000年(nian)6月(yue)壩(ba)肩開(kai)(kai)挖,2000年(nian)11月(yue)8日(ri),作為國家(jia)“西電(dian)(dian)東送(song)”啟動項目(mu)(mu)正式工程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)工,2001年(nian)10月(yue)15日(ri)實(shi)現大江截流,2002年(nian)導流洞完(wan)成建(jian)設(she),2002年(nian)5月(yue)大壩(ba)工程(cheng)(cheng)達到100年(nian)一遇度汛狀態(tai)。根據(ju)烏江水電(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)公司調整后(hou)的工期目(mu)(mu)標,2004年(nian)7月(yue)洪家(jia)渡水電(dian)(dian)站首臺(tai)機組(zu)(zu)順(shun)利(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),10月(yue)第二臺(tai)機組(zu)(zu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),12月(yue)第三臺(tai)機組(zu)(zu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)主(zhu)體(ti)工程(cheng)(cheng)已進(jin)入(ru)收(shou)尾階(jie)段,其(qi)總(zong)工期較初步設(she)計(ji)提前(qian)(qian)兩年(nian),并創造了一年(nian)內三臺(tai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)投產發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的水電(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)奇跡(ji),目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)電(dian)(dian)廠累計(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量7億(yi)千瓦時。 總(zong)工期比初步設(she)計(ji)提前(qian)(qian)兩年(nian)。
電站意義
國(guo)家首(shou)批七個“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)”工(gong)程(cheng)主(zhu)會場均設在(zai)此(ci)地(di),時任國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)總理的(de)(de)朱鎔基在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)的(de)(de)賀電(dian)(dian)(dian)中說道:洪家渡(du)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)站“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)”工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)開(kai)工(gong),標(biao)志(zhi)著西(xi)(xi)部大(da)開(kai)發拉開(kai)序(xu)幕(mu)。 “西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)”工(gong)程(cheng)是中國(guo)西(xi)(xi)部大(da)開(kai)發的(de)(de)標(biao)志(zhi)性工(gong)程(cheng)之一。“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)”是指開(kai)發貴州、云南、廣西(xi)(xi)、四川、內蒙古、山西(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)等西(xi)(xi)部省區(qu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)資源,將其輸送(song)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)緊缺的(de)(de)廣東、上(shang)海、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)和京、津、唐(tang)地(di)區(qu)。
該電站在貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)電網(wang)中(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)承擔調峰、調頻(pin)和備用,改善(shan)電網(wang)運(yun)(yun)行條件,并(bing)具有(you)防洪、工(gong)農業供水(shui)、改善(shan)生態環境、旅游、水(shui)產養殖、改善(shan)航運(yun)(yun)等綜合效益(yi)。該電站的(de)(de)興建,無論對烏(wu)江梯級的(de)(de)"流域、梯級、滾動(dong)、綜合"開發,還是(shi)對貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)電力結構的(de)(de)優化,以(yi)及對貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)經濟的(de)(de)振興,都有(you)著重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用。
洪家渡電站提前(qian)建成(cheng)投產,對增(zeng)強烏(wu)江下游(you)各梯級電站的(de)發電出(chu)力以及(ji)貴(gui)州電網(wang)的(de)調峰調頻能力將(jiang)發揮(hui)重要作用,有助于加(jia)快貴(gui)州“西(xi)電東送”步(bu)伐。近期(qi)通(tong)過(guo)對水量(liang)(liang)的(de)調節,烏(wu)江下游(you)已建成(cheng)的(de)東風和烏(wu)江渡水電站,年發電量(liang)(liang)將(jiang)可增(zeng)加(jia)15億千瓦時以上。
水土保持
按照水(shui)利部批復(fu)的《烏江洪(hong)家(jia)渡(du)水(shui)電站水(shui)土(tu)保持方案》,貴州烏江水(shui)電開發(fa)有限責任公司(si)組織實施了(le)壩(ba)體(ti)邊坡(po)防護、棄渣場整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、料(liao)場整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、施工(gong)場地及營地整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)和綠化、下游(you)河道整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)及對外道路防護等水(shui)土(tu)保持措施,完成土(tu)石方工(gong)程124.1萬(wan)立方米,栽植林木32.1萬(wan)株,種草(cao)(cao)28.0公頃。項目區擾動土(tu)地治(zhi)理率為(wei)91.4%,水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)治(zhi)理程度為(wei)84.9%,水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)比為(wei)1.5,植被恢復(fu)系數為(wei)達到(dao)93.1%,林草(cao)(cao)覆蓋率為(wei)64.6%,攔渣率為(wei)95.4%。