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黃石水庫歷史文化

黃石水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)位(wei)于沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一級支流(liu)(liu)(liu)白洋(yang)河(he)上游、桃源縣黃石鎮上2公里處,控制集雨面積552平(ping)方公里,流(liu)(liu)(liu)域多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)1465毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)5.59億(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)17.7秒(miao)(miao)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),實(shi)(shi)測最(zui)大(da)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)1920秒(miao)(miao)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(1958年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)21日(ri)),實(shi)(shi)測最(zui)小流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)0.46 秒(miao)(miao)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(1959年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)17日(ri))。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)總庫(ku)容6.02億(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正(zheng)常(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相(xiang)應庫(ku)容4.58億(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有效庫(ku)容3.38億(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),庫(ku)容系數0.6,屬(shu)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)調節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。 樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)由(you)主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢洪道(dao)(dao)、發電引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)及廠房、灌溉(gai)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)組成。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)心墻混合壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)為40.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)94.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長219米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為均(jun)質粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)18.98米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長291米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；溢洪道(dao)(dao)為特矮實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),堰頂高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)81米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堰頂凈寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),安設2扇(10×9.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))鋼弧(hu)形門,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鼻坎(kan)挑(tiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu),最(zui)大(da)泄量(liang)1700秒(miao)(miao)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；發電引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)長196米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)徑2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進(jin)口(kou)底高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),設計(ji)引(yin)用(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)2×11.8秒(miao)(miao)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后式廠房裝機2臺(tai)3000千(qian)瓦(wa)機組；灌溉(gai)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)于大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)左(zuo)側,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身埋管長63米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)長213米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)徑3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進(jin)口(kou)底板高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)77米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)引(yin)用(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)23.4秒(miao)(miao)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),隧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)出口(kou)裝2臺(tai)×650千(qian)瓦(wa)機組,尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)入(ru)總干渠(qu)。

水庫作用

水庫(ku)以灌溉為主,兼有發電、防洪、養殖等效益。設計灌田37.5萬畝,實灌31萬畝；總裝機容(rong)量7300千(qian)瓦,年發電量1800萬千(qian)瓦小(xiao)時(shi)；下游(you)保護耕地8萬畝,防洪標(biao)準(zhun)提高到10-20年一(yi)遇(yu)；庫(ku)內養殖水面4.26萬畝。

樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)1958年(nian)9月(yue)動工(gong)(gong)興建,1968年(nian)4月(yue)基(ji)本竣工(gong)(gong),同年(nian)開始放水灌溉(gai),1970年(nian)7月(yue)壩后電站發電受益。