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基本介紹

沅水國家濕地(di)公(gong)園位于湖南省桃源縣境內，以(yi)保護(hu)中華秋沙鴨為(wei)主(zhu)的38種(zhong)鳥類越(yue)冬(dong)棲息(xi)地(di)為(wei)目(mu)標，是(shi)集(ji)濕地(di)保護(hu)與修復、文化展示、科普宣教(jiao)、科研監測(ce)、濕地(di)生態旅游為(wei)一體的綜合性(xing)濕地(di)公(gong)園，沅水濕地(di)公(gong)園上(shang)至(zhi)張家灣洞(dong)洲、下至(zhi)堯河渡口，規劃總面積一萬余畝(mu)、總投資8000多萬元。

前不(bu)久，國(guo)家(jia)林業(ye)局正式下發文件，同意開展(zhan)桃源沅水國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)試點工(gong)作，這是(shi)桃源縣縣第(di)一(yi)個國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)。

地理環境

周邊交通(tong)方(fang)便。沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)桃(tao)(tao)源(yuan)縣(xian)境有(you)港口(kou)3個，碼(ma)頭42座(zuo)；省道(dao)(dao)1848和1801線縱橫(heng)桃(tao)(tao)源(yuan)；319國道(dao)(dao)、杭(hang)瑞高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)緊鄰公(gong)(gong)(gong)園東側；桃(tao)(tao)花源(yuan)機場距公(gong)(gong)(gong)園15公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。內部交通(tong)，菱(ling)洲公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)在(zai)西側穿過濕地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園從桃(tao)(tao)源(yuan)縣(xian)城(cheng)通(tong)往(wang)剪(jian)市(shi)鎮，大部分(fen)區域目前暫(zan)未開(kai)發，無水(shui)(shui)泥路(lu)和碼(ma)頭等(deng)交通(tong)設(she)施，只有(you)當地村(cun)民自發形成(cheng)漁船航道(dao)(dao)。

濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)701.64公頃(qing)，占總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的93.33%。濕(shi)地(di)類型為：永久性河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)530.62公頃(qing)，洪泛濕(shi)地(di)171.02公頃(qing)。

榮譽及其他

旅游資源

人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)旅游(you)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富。優良的(de)水(shui)(shui)質、充沛的(de)水(shui)(shui)量和開闊的(de)水(shui)(shui)域空(kong)間(jian)，與兩岸綺麗的(de)風光(guang)，周邊層巒疊嶂的(de)山(shan)體(ti)、古(gu)(gu)老懷舊的(de)村屋(wu)組(zu)(zu)成良好(hao)的(de)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)風景(jing)(jing)。其(qi)自身景(jing)(jing)觀資源(yuan)(yuan)獨特，歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)悠(you)久(jiu)，又與桃花源(yuan)(yuan)風景(jing)(jing)區、武(wu)(wu)陵漁村、雙洲公園等(deng)多處景(jing)(jing)點交相輝映，共同組(zu)(zu)成一個以(yi)濕地(di)公園為核心(xin)(xin)，向沅(yuan)(yuan)江(jiang)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)輻射的(de)沅(yuan)(yuan)江(jiang)風光(guang)帶，為濕地(di)公園建設的(de)科普宣傳和生(sheng)態旅游(you)提供良好(hao)基礎。相傳中(zhong)原(yuan)隱(yin)(yin)士善(shan)卷歸(gui)隱(yin)(yin)德山(shan)，數次沿沅(yuan)(yuan)江(jiang)而(er)(er)上(shang)，教化(hua)(hua)萬(wan)民；兩千多年前，愛國(guo)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)屈原(yuan)曾溯沅(yuan)(yuan)江(jiang)南下(xia)(xia)(xia)，寫下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)朽詩篇《涉江(jiang)》。歷代文(wen)(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)墨客酈道(dao)(dao)(dao)元、李白、劉禹錫、陸游(you)、黃庭堅、朱熹(xi)、王陽(yang)明(ming)、袁宏道(dao)(dao)(dao)，無不(bu)(bu)流(liu)連其(qi)中(zhong)，暢抒胸臆(yi)。而(er)(er)今，訪古(gu)(gu)探幽(you)，問津賞景(jing)(jing)，亦然快(kuai)哉。沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)一帶，有(you)(you)桃源(yuan)(yuan)八景(jing)(jing)“桃川仙(xian)隱(yin)(yin)、潼舫古(gu)(gu)渡、漳(zhang)(zhang)江(jiang)夜月、梅溪煙雨、楚山(shan)春曉、綠蘿晴(qing)畫、潯陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)寺、白馬雪濤”；更有(you)(you)瀟(xiao)湘八景(jing)(jing)之一“漁村夕照”，還有(you)(you)三塔三閣(ge)“白佛閣(ge)，漳(zhang)(zhang)江(jiang)閣(ge)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)；楚望塔，文(wen)(wen)(wen)星塔，回風塔”。一條夷望溪，如(ru)青(qing)羅(luo)帶串連了(le)水(shui)(shui)心(xin)(xin)寨、鐘鼓山(shan)、月亮巖、象山(shan)和十萬(wan)畝(mu)竹海，可感“清溪滌塵，幽(you)篁(huang)長嘯(xiao)”。一處桃花源(yuan)(yuan)，歷經千年，沉淀了(le)德文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、陶文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、道(dao)(dao)(dao)教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、佛教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與隱(yin)(yin)逸文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，盡顯“桃花流(liu)水(shui)(shui)、福(fu)地(di)洞天”。每年3月28日桃花節，如(ru)織游(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，往來不(bu)(bu)絕。武(wu)(wu)陵漁村、桃源(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家屋(wu)舍儼然，良田(tian)美地(di)，桑梓竹林，回歸(gui)田(tian)園、體(ti)驗(yan)農趣(qu)；“三棒鼓”、“九子鞭”、“草把(ba)龍”等(deng)民間(jian)藝術，在此(ci)傳承(cheng)并發揚光(guang)大。擂茶歷史悠(you)久(jiu)、源(yuan)(yuan)遠流(liu)長，成為濃郁(yu)的(de)農家人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)飲食文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。臺灣詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)余光(guang)中(zhong)品過擂茶，留下(xia)(xia)(xia) “識得擂茶味(wei)，更羨武(wu)(wu)陵人(ren)(ren)(ren)” 的(de)詠嘆。

桃源(yuan)沅水濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)分(fen)為(wei)四(si)大功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)：濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保育區(qu)(qu)，是濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的主(zhu)體和生態基質(zhi)，也(ye)是濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的景觀載體，主(zhu)要為(wei)范圍內沅江水域(yu)，面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)530.62公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的70.58%。恢(hui)復重建區(qu)(qu)，是濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)恢(hui)復和重建濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)系統的典型示范區(qu)(qu)，主(zhu)要包括沙洲(zhou)、吳(wu)家(jia)洲(zhou)北部(bu)和沅江西(xi)岸張(zhang)家(jia)堰護(hu)堤(di)灘林帶。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)131.39公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的17.48%。管理宣(xuan)(xuan)教區(qu)(qu)，主(zhu)要包括濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的管理服務機構設施(shi)和科普(pu)宣(xuan)(xuan)教館。面(mian)積(ji)(ji)14.8公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的1.97%。生態旅游區(qu)(qu)，是濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)開展濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)休閑和游憩體驗的場所，主(zhu)要包括洞(dong)洲(zhou)和吳(wu)家(jia)洲(zhou)南部(bu)，面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)74.98公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的9.97%。

其結構布局為(wei) “一(yi)核、兩軸(zhou)(zhou)、四片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”。 “一(yi)核”：是(shi)(shi)(shi)指以(yi)(yi)洞洲和(he)(he)(he)吳家洲南(nan)部濕(shi)地(di)生態系統良好、濕(shi)地(di)景觀(guan)(guan)資源較為(wei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)作為(wei)核心(xin)(xin)依托，在(zai)陸(lu)地(di)上聯系外部城市(shi)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內部各(ge)個功能片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接紐帶和(he)(he)(he)輻射(she)平臺(tai)。“兩軸(zhou)(zhou)”：主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)(he)(he)輔(fu)軸(zhou)(zhou)，主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)：以(yi)(yi)“一(yi)核”為(wei)軸(zhou)(zhou)心(xin)(xin)，在(zai)主(zhu)河道向南(nan)北(bei)方向延伸，串聯起(qi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)各(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)進行日常管理巡護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要軸(zhou)(zhou)線。輔(fu)軸(zhou)(zhou)：該軸(zhou)(zhou)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)“一(yi)核”為(wei)輻射(she)平臺(tai)，在(zai)輔(fu)河道向北(bei)延伸，是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內部開展(zhan)生態旅(lv)游和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)普(pu)宣傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接紐帶。“四片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”：分別為(wei)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、洲灘(tan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、林地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)河堤(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。水(shui)域(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內分布廣，是(shi)(shi)(shi)整個濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)載體(ti)(ti)；洲灘(tan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植被茂盛(sheng)，生物多樣性高，是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)生態系統的(de)(de)(de)“營養供體(ti)(ti)”；林地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)陸(lu)路上與外界連(lian)(lian)通的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)，該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)地(di)勢(shi)較高，視(shi)野開闊，濕(shi)地(di)景觀(guan)(guan)豐富(fu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)管理核心(xin)(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)；河堤(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)邊緣山體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)人工護(hu)堤(di)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)“保(bao)護(hu)傘(san)”。