東張水庫簡介
1957年11月動工(gong)興建,1958年12月竣(jun)工(gong)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址位(wei)于(yu)石(shi)竹山下的龍江中游,集雨面積(ji)200平(ping)方公里(li)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)型(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)筋混凝土寬縫(feng)重(zhong)力(li)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)38米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)56米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(羅(luo)基零點),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長210米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)庫總面積(ji)15平(ping)方公里(li),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)54米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相應庫容1.85億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。以(yi)200年一遇校核,洪水(shui)(shui)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)54.94米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相應庫容1.99億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在(zai)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)中部(bu)設(she)(she)溢流(liu)(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段,堰頂高(gao)程(cheng)49米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),凈寬40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),安裝4扇(shan)弧形(xing)閘(zha)門,配(pei)手搖、電動兩(liang)用啟閉(bi)機4臺(tai)。水(shui)(shui)位(wei)在(zai)54.94米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時,溢洪量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)每(mei)秒1160立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),輸水(shui)(shui)道分左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)條(tiao):左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)徑1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的圓形(xing)壓力(li)鋼(gang)管,設(she)(she)計流(liu)(liu)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)每(mei)秒5立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進口高(gao)程(cheng)31米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)鋼(gang)筋混凝土事故門一道,配(pei)10噸卷揚機1臺(tai),鋼(gang)管末(mo)端分3條(tiao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)徑各70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的叉管,安裝3臺(tai)臥式水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電機組,裝機容量(liang)600千瓦,另設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)30時針(zhen)閥1臺(tai),以(yi)補充灌溉用水(shui)(shui);右(you)輸水(shui)(shui)道為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬度(du)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)程(cheng)1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的馬蹄形(xing)明(ming)流(liu)(liu)涵洞,設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)扇(shan)1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的鑄鐵平(ping)板(ban)閘(zha)門,鋼(gang)筋混凝土事故門2扇(shan),各安裝10噸螺桿啟閉(bi)機、20噸卷揚機2臺(tai)。輸水(shui)(shui)道進口高(gao)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)37.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),設(she)(she)計流(liu)(liu)量(liang)每(mei)秒20.7立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
灌溉渠道
干渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)兩條:高(gao)(gao)干渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經上逕、龍(long)田到(dao)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)鎮院西村,長(chang)82.34公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li);低(di)(di)干渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經城(cheng)關至海口鎮彌勒巖(yan),長(chang)32.91公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。高(gao)(gao)干渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)29條,總(zong)(zong)長(chang)達252.4公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),其中灌溉萬畝以上的(de)支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)9條,計(ji)長(chang)147.56公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),低(di)(di)干渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)12條,總(zong)(zong)長(chang)30.7公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。干支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)長(chang)計(ji)398.31公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)建(jian)有建(jian)筑物3388座,其中大的(de)建(jian)筑物有水閘65座,渡槽36座。由于龍(long)田機場的(de)需要,渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)在機場北的(de)西華村下跌5米,建(jian)西華水電(dian)站,裝機2臺,單機容量250千瓦。并在三山(shan)南(nan)倪(ni)村建(jian)電(dian)力灌溉站。渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)縱橫全(quan)縣12個鄉(xiang)鎮、220個行政村、4個農場,設計(ji)灌溉面積26.8萬畝。整(zheng)個工程土(tu)石(shi)方總(zong)(zong)計(ji)1000萬立方米左(zuo)右,總(zong)(zong)工程費用1869.8萬元。
建設歷史
工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的興(xing)建(jian)(jian),遷移1個鎮、2個鄉、54個自然村(cun),計2804戶(hu),1.21萬人;拆(chai)遷房屋(wu)1.23萬間,淹沒耕地1.48萬畝(mu),共(gong)花移民費459.38萬元。 東張水(shui)庫投產后,1960年第八號(hao)臺風(feng)期間,大(da)壩曾出現(xian)險(xian)情(qing),8號(hao)壩段位(wei)移量較大(da),其后又發(fa)現(xian)揚壓力異常(chang),灌區個別渠段及(ji)建(jian)(jian)筑物通(tong)不過設計流量,且眾(zhong)多的木質結構輸水(shui)渡槽常(chang)被洪水(shui)沖毀。渠系建(jian)(jian)筑物的閘(zha)門(men)都(dou)是木質疊(die)梁式,管理不便。渠道深(shen)挖(wa)方(fang)及(ji)傍山懸(xuan)劈(pi)坡,雨季(ji)常(chang)塌方(fang)。在省水(shui)電(dian)廳(ting)支持下,逐步進行配套,并(bing)于(yu)1963~1966年,大(da)規模實施(shi)加固、擴建(jian)(jian)配套工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。
1961~1966年完成的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)項目有:(一(yi))大(da)(da)壩(ba)帷幕灌漿;(二(er))大(da)(da)壩(ba)加固(gu)工(gong)程(cheng);(三(san))位于南(nan)山、北坪(ping)埔、院西(xi)的(de)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)深(shen)挖(wa)方(fang)(fang)塌方(fang)(fang)的(de)處理;(四)高(gao)、低干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)及萬(wan)畝(mu)以上9條支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渠(qu)(高(gao)二(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、高(gao)三(san)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、十(shi)一(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、十(shi)四支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、十(shi)五支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、十(shi)九支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、廿(nian)一(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、廿(nian)四支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、廿(nian)八支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))的(de)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)配(pei)(pei)套工(gong)程(cheng),改建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)型渡槽13座及大(da)(da)量渠(qu)系建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)配(pei)(pei)套,處理塌方(fang)(fang)及漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)險段(duan)等(deng),高(gao)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)首段(duan)設計(ji)流量由(you)每(mei)秒(miao)(miao)18立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米增到每(mei)秒(miao)(miao)20.7立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米,低干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)首段(duan)設計(ji)流量由(you)每(mei)秒(miao)(miao)4立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米增加到每(mei)秒(miao)(miao)5立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米;(五)增建(jian)(jian)南(nan)西(xi)亭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站,裝機3臺。675千瓦(wa)。改建(jian)(jian)西(xi)華水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站并擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)南(nan)倪電灌站,同(tong)時(shi)對其(qi)他(ta)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渠(qu)進行整修配(pei)(pei)套。這些工(gong)程(cheng)完成后,東(dong)張水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位由(you)50.5米增高(gao)到54米,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量增加2779萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米。灌溉面(mian)積由(you)19萬(wan)畝(mu)增加到26萬(wan)畝(mu)。國家投(tou)資469.84萬(wan)元,共花勞力(li)49.8萬(wan)工(gong)日。
1971年為增送東張(zhang)水(shui)庫的水(shui)到高山地(di)區,對從龍田(tian)西華至(zhi)高山陳厝尾的渡槽和長26.2公里(li)的高干渠,進行(xing)擴建(jian)和改造,使(shi)南倪電灌站(zhan)有足夠的水(shui)源(yuan),并進一步擴建(jian)南倪電灌站(zhan)。
東方紅、建(jian)新兩座中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建(jian)成后,東張水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)不(bu)再向“高三支”送水(shui)(shui)。為解決南山至(zhi)(zhi)玻璃嶺(ling)長(chang)達9公(gong)里的(de)傍山險段(duan)輸水(shui)(shui)的(de)困(kun)難(nan),于1980年(nian)4月動工(gong)開(kai)挖隧洞,至(zhi)(zhi)1982年(nian)10月竣(jun)工(gong)通水(shui)(shui)。使(shi)高干(gan)渠道縮短(duan)渠線(xian)9.28公(gong)里。
1979年,為實(shi)現干支渠(qu)石(shi)(shi)渠(qu)化,第一期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)由(you)(you)城(cheng)關、宏路、海口、音西、江(jiang)鏡(jing)、港頭、高山、三山、東瀚等(deng)9個(ge)公社負(fu)責砌建(jian),總長達114.13公里,完成(cheng)土石(shi)(shi)方46.76萬(wan)(wan)立方米;共花勞力193.63萬(wan)(wan)工(gong)日(ri),其(qi)中撥工(gong)14.64萬(wan)(wan)工(gong)日(ri);總造價350多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)元,其(qi)中國(guo)家撥款65.82萬(wan)(wan)元,其(qi)余為社隊自籌。石(shi)(shi)渠(qu)化工(gong)程(cheng)原(yuan)定分3期(qi)進行,由(you)(you)于投資大,花工(gong)多(duo),且未(wei)(wei)能根本(ben)解決滲漏問題,因此(ci)第二、三期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)未(wei)(wei)再動(dong)工(gong)。