工程作用
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是(shi)在洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域中游(you)建壩攔(lan)洪(hong),以灌溉(gai)為主,具有防洪(hong)、發電、養(yang)殖(zhi)等綜(zong)合效益(yi)的大型水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)程。庫(ku)(ku)區跨鄂湘(xiang)兩(liang)省的五峰(feng)、松滋、石門、澧(li)縣(xian)四縣(xian)市,總庫(ku)(ku)容5.93億(yi)立方米,灌溉(gai)湖(hu)北(bei)松滋、公安(an)和湖(hu)南澧(li)縣(xian)共52萬(wan)畝農田,發電裝(zhuang)機四臺,容量(liang)1.24萬(wan)千瓦(wa)。
修建歷程
一
洈水(shui)(shui)是洞(dong)庭湖四口水(shui)(shui)系松西(xi)(xi)河的(de)(de)支(zhi)流,位于(yu)湖北省西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)和湖南省西(xi)(xi)北部(bu)交界處(chu)。發(fa)(fa)源于(yu)五(wu)峰清水(shui)(shui)灣,處(chu)于(yu)暴雨(yu)區范圍(wei)內,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,多年(nian)平均來水(shui)(shui)9.42億立方米。建庫(ku)前每逢暴雨(yu),山(shan)洪洶涌,沿(yan)(yan)岸(an)(an)平川沖漫,下游近30萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)湖區洪澇成災(zai)。然而,洈水(shui)(shui)沿(yan)(yan)岸(an)(an)丘陵、崗地(di),年(nian)年(nian)又缺水(shui)(shui)干旱(han),人(ren)畜飲水(shui)(shui)十分(fen)困(kun)難。群眾中(zhong)(zhong)流傳著(zhu)這樣一(yi)首民謠:"一(yi)天大雨(yu)淹了(le)田,五(wu)日無雨(yu)旱(han)冒煙(yan),十年(nian)就有九不收,拖兒帶女逃荒年(nian)"。還因溪水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)漲(zhang)落頻繁(fan),使(shi)下游10萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)王家大湖雜草叢(cong)生,釘(ding)螺繁(fan)殖,血吸(xi)蟲(chong)病害(hai)十分(fen)嚴重。有時水(shui)(shui)、旱(han)、病三(san)災(zai)并發(fa)(fa),給沿(yan)(yan)流域數十萬(wan)人(ren)民帶來苦不堪言的(de)(de)災(zai)難和危害(hai),故人(ren)們稱此河流為(wei)危害(hai)人(ren)民的(de)(de)"危水(shui)(shui)"。無止境的(de)(de)災(zai)害(hai),舊中(zhong)(zhong)國無法根治,人(ren)民多少(shao)年(nian)夢寐以求治理(li)洈水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)夙愿無法實現。
新中(zhong)國成(cheng)立(li)后,黨和(he)(he)人民(min)政府十(shi)分(fen)關(guan)心洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)開發治理(li)(li),由(you)于當時條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)限制,僅采(cai)取(qu)局部(bu)引(yin)排(pai)(pai)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。1952年(nian)(nian)松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)紙廠河(he)(he)(he)下游(you)雷打坑至(zhi)廖家(jia)灣進行(xing)小改(gai)道(dao),可縮(suo)短河(he)(he)(he)線8公里,翌年(nian)(nian)冬(dong)成(cheng)立(li)洈(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)(he)改(gai)道(dao)指揮(hui)部(bu),動工(gong)(gong)(gong)后不久,因公安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大德(de)垸群眾(zhong)提出(chu)(chu)異議,后經(jing)荊州專署(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局出(chu)(chu)面調解(jie)無效而停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。1953年(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian)連續兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)旱澇成(cheng)災(zai),干部(bu)群眾(zhong)要求治理(li)(li)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)愿望(wang)更(geng)為迫切(qie),特(te)別是1954年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)造成(cheng)下游(you)十(shi)多個(ge)民(min)垸潰決(jue)(jue),堵(du)復工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)大,經(jing)松(song)、公兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)組織(zhi)有(you)關(guan)人員勘測(ce)提出(chu)(chu)方案,上報荊州專署(shu)批準(zhun)(zhun),決(jue)(jue)定從劉家(jia)小河(he)(he)(he)改(gai)道(dao)經(jing)青(qing)羊山(shan)到(dao)(dao)重陽樹至(zhi)公安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鄭家(jia)湖入老(lao)洈(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)(he)。專署(shu)成(cheng)立(li)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)指揮(hui)部(bu),饒民(min)太副(fu)(fu)專員兼指揮(hui)長(chang),于當年(nian)(nian)農(nong)歷冬(dong)月(yue)十(shi)五日(ri)(ri)組織(zhi)勞力(li)3萬人正式動工(gong)(gong)(gong),不久因大雪封凍,估計(ji)(ji)春節前不能解(jie)凍,又加之災(zai)后人力(li)、財力(li)困(kun)難,臘月(yue)二(er)十(shi)三日(ri)(ri)饒副(fu)(fu)專員親臨工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)通知停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)并作(zuo)善(shan)后處理(li)(li)。幾次(ci)改(gai)道(dao)均未(wei)成(cheng)功,引(yin)起省(sheng)、地(di)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)級領導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)重視,決(jue)(jue)心采(cai)取(qu)根治措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局于1956年(nian)(nian)組織(zhi)兩(liang)個(ge)測(ce)量(liang)隊,從本流域出(chu)(chu)口至(zhi)上游(you)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)支流進行(xing)全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)地(di)形測(ce)量(liang),搜集了大量(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)、地(di)質,及(ji)各(ge)種災(zai)害情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)資料,在(zai)吸取(qu)過去經(jing)驗(yan)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,提出(chu)(chu)了"上蓄(xu)下排(pai)(pai),根治洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"的(de)(de)(de)綜合方案。1958年(nian)(nian)3月(yue),專署(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局派(pai)韓明(ming)炎工(gong)(gong)(gong)程師(shi)率隊對洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域進行(xing)復勘,選定在(zai)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)游(you)大巖咀(ju)修水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),于5月(yue)26日(ri)(ri)編制洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設計(ji)(ji)書(shu),上報省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳(ting)(ting)和(he)(he)專署(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局。同年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳(ting)(ting)組織(zhi)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校師(shi)生30余人到(dao)(dao)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)測(ce)量(liang),歷時兩(liang)個(ge)月(yue)完成(cheng)任務。同期松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)派(pai)副(fu)(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長(chang)貢福珍帶隊作(zuo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。8月(yue)經(jing)荊州地(di)委(wei)批準(zhun)(zhun)組建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)指揮(hui)部(bu),由(you)松(song)、公兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)組織(zhi)1.5萬勞力(li),于9月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)在(zai)"根治洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui),造福人民(min)"的(de)(de)(de)口號聲中(zhong),正式動工(gong)(gong)(gong)興建(jian)(jian)。
二
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)模較(jiao)大,任務艱巨,樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由(you)3壩(一(yi)主二副)、5閘、1電站組成,灌區(qu)渠道分為七(qi)級,各種建(jian)筑(zhu)物1293座。在1958年修建(jian)這樣大的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)確實困難很多,主要表現在:一(yi)是(shi)當時國家財力(li)、物力(li)有限(xian),動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時僅給20萬(wan)元器材包(bao)干經(jing)費,完(wan)全實行"民(min)(min)辦公助";二是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)力(li)量(liang)比較(jiao)薄弱(ruo),參戰(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)員沒(mei)有實踐經(jing)驗;三是(shi)流域在暴雨中心(xin),施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間如何排(pai)除洪水(shui)(shui)威脅,困難重(zhong)重(zhong)。面(mian)臨(lin)這樣嚴峻的形勢,松(song)、公兩縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)(min)憑(ping)著對"根(gen)治洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)"的強(qiang)烈(lie)愿望,以(yi)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)的社(she)會主義建(jian)設熱情和(he)自(zi)我犧牲精神,投入洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設。他們爭先恐后報名參戰(zhan)(zhan),生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具自(zi)己(ji)帶,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚材料自(zi)己(ji)籌,生活物資自(zi)己(ji)備,不計報酬,不辭勞(lao)苦,日以(yi)繼夜(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間最(zui)多上勞(lao)力(li)近(jin)5萬(wan)人(ren),干部與(yu)群(qun)眾(zhong)打成一(yi)片,同(tong)吃、同(tong)住、同(tong)勞(lao)動,傳(chuan)統的春節,民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不回家過年,指揮(hui)長查遠澄更是(shi)與(yu)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)甘共(gong)苦,在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)度(du)(du)過除夕(xi)之(zhi)夜(ye),干群(qun)一(yi)心(xin)建(jian)洈(wei)水(shui)(shui),炮聲動地(di)(di)土(tu)遮(zhe)天,人(ren)山(shan)人(ren)海,氣壯山(shan)河。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)深(shen)入持久地(di)(di)開展了以(yi)三高(gao)(gao)八(ba)比為內容,以(yi)百(連(lian))千(組)萬(wan)人(ren)(紅旗人(ren))的勞(lao)動競賽運動,一(yi)浪(lang)高(gao)(gao)過一(yi)浪(lang)。
在(zai)施(shi)工過程(cheng)中,由于多種原(yuan)因(yin),工程(cheng)歷經初建(jian)、續建(jian)、加固三(san)個階段(duan),但干部(bu)、群眾始(shi)終以(yi)飽(bao)滿的(de)政治熱情,發(fa)揚"一不(bu)怕(pa)苦,二不(bu)怕(pa)死"的(de)革命(ming)精神(shen),戰天斗地,苦干加巧(qiao)干,涌現出了許多可歌可泣的(de)動人事跡和先進模范(fan)人物,有的(de)甚至獻出了寶貴的(de)生命(ming),夙愿終于實(shi)現,功績永(yong)垂史(shi)冊。
洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)以(yi)主壩(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)最(zui)為緊張(zhang)艱巨。圍堰(yan)導(dao)流(liu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證大(da)(da)壩(ba)順(shun)利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),對地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)暴雨中心的(de)(de)(de)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)來(lai)說(shuo),圍堰(yan)導(dao)流(liu)更有(you)它的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性。工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)對此十分重(zhong)視,為此,在壩(ba)址上(shang)(shang)游1000米處(chu)設(she)圍堰(yan)引排,加(jia)大(da)(da)流(liu)量300立方(fang)米每秒,組織2000人(ren)日(ri)夜施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。圍堰(yan)尚未竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)時,于10月13日(ri)一(yi)天降(jiang)雨104.6毫米,產生流(liu)量904立方(fang)米每秒,工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)連(lian)(lian)夜組織6000人(ren)搶(qiang)筑,終(zhong)因洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)過猛(meng),搶(qiang)筑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及,漫堤崩潰。造成(cheng)下游的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量物質器材被洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)沖走,還沖走一(yi)民(min)工(gong)(gong),下落(luo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)雖遭多次洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)襲擊,但在工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)領導(dao)下,民(min)工(gong)(gong)毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)氣餒,連(lian)(lian)續(xu)作戰,幾(ji)經堵(du)復(fu),終(zhong)于初(chu)戰告捷,圍堰(yan)導(dao)流(liu)成(cheng)功,使大(da)(da)壩(ba)得以(yi)順(shun)利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。堵(du)口(kou)合龍(long)是(shi)大(da)(da)壩(ba)最(zui)為關鍵又最(zui)為緊張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)時刻,由于當時大(da)(da)辦(ban)鋼鐵的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao),勞力幾(ji)上(shang)(shang)幾(ji)下,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)緩(huan)慢(man),而省、地(di)(di)(di)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)求1960年(nian)冬必(bi)須完成(cheng)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)任務,爭取部分受益。在1959年(nian)冬,面對著合龍(long)大(da)(da)壩(ba)填筑任務跟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合龍(long)則已獲(huo)成(cheng)果保(bao)(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住,會前(qian)功盡棄的(de)(de)(de)情況,工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)會同技術(shu)人(ren)員經過反復(fu)研究,報經上(shang)(shang)級同意(yi),采取如下措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)是(shi)降(jiang)低(di)高程(cheng),縮小斷面,做至90米高程(cheng),保(bao)(bao)百年(nian)一(yi)遇洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)渡過汛(xun)期;二是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證土(tu)(tu)方(fang)進(jin)度(du),采取縮短土(tu)(tu)方(fang)運距,加(jia)強勞力組合,改革運輸工(gong)(gong)具,確(que)立日(ri)升尺度(du),并同民(min)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)公社黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)書記簽訂任務合同書,雙方(fang)明確(que)職責,請縣委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、縣政府(fu)、檢察院監督(du)實施(shi)(shi)(shi),強化(hua)責任,確(que)保(bao)(bao)兌現;三是(shi)做好合龍(long)前(qian)一(yi)切(qie)準(zhun)備,根(gen)據流(liu)域降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)特(te)點,決定1960年(nian)2月2日(ri)合龍(long)。
整個合龍是一個與天斗與地斗的艱巨緊張(zhang)過程(cheng)(cheng),2月(yue)(yue)2日(ri)上午(wu)7時,圍堰截流,5日(ri)正式進土,7日(ri)工(gong)地召開合龍慶典動員(yuan)誓師大會,打響了馴服洈水(shui)(shui)、造福人民的攻堅(jian)戰(zhan)。經13個日(ri)夜苦戰(zhan),高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)筑至(zhi)70米時,15至(zhi)17日(ri)連(lian)降大雨(yu),庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)迅(xun)漲至(zhi)68米,而且還在(zai)繼續上漲,形勢非(fei)常險惡,施(shi)工(gong)萬分緊張(zhang),指揮(hui)部及時采取非(fei)常措施(shi),在(zai)迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)面搶筑子(zi)埂擋住洪水(shui)(shui),干群(qun)合力投入戰(zhan)斗,不顧泥滑雨(yu)淋(lin),水(shui)(shui)漲堤高(gao),終于(yu)戰(zhan)勝洪水(shui)(shui)。經過3、4兩個月(yue)(yue)施(shi)工(gong),大壩達到90米脫險高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng),為水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建設的成功作出了貢獻。
灌區(qu)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)程以北干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)為最難,主支(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)101公(gong)里,有90%是盤(pan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)開渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),劈(pi)(pi)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)埡79處(chu),最高達(da)21米(mi)(mi)(mi),鑿穿隧(sui)道17處(chu),總長(chang)達(da)2769米(mi)(mi)(mi),架(jia)設渡槽6座,總長(chang)1544米(mi)(mi)(mi),填(tian)筑大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)沖44處(chu)。特別是打(da)隧(sui)洞用(yong)土法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),還(huan)遇到流砂層、破碎帶等(deng)多處(chu)險段(duan),依靠(kao)群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)智慧和力量,戰勝了各種困難,按計劃完成(cheng)了任務。南干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)速(su)度最快(kuai),全(quan)長(chang)94公(gong)里,在(zai)1965年(nian)(nian)樞紐續建時(shi)相繼(ji)開工(gong)(gong)(gong),僅(jin)用(yong)一年(nian)(nian)半的(de)(de)時(shi)間完成(cheng)土石方(fang)433萬立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),混凝(ning)土4054立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),砌石9700立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),還(huan)架(jia)設全(quan)灌區(qu)最長(chang)(875米(mi)(mi)(mi))、最高(31米(mi)(mi)(mi))的(de)(de)渡槽一座,開通各類渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)262.5公(gong)里,1966年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)建成(cheng)通水(shui)。澧(li)(li)(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)挖(wa)填(tian)量最大(da).南北干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)受益后(hou),澧(li)(li)(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)連續幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)干(gan)(gan)旱,涔北地(di)區(qu)又無(wu)(wu)其他水(shui)源,群(qun)眾(zhong)迫切要求興建澧(li)(li)(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。常德(de)地(di)委、澧(li)(li)(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委十分(fen)重(zhong)視,在(zai)財(cai)力、物力極端困難的(de)(de)情況下(xia),依靠(kao)群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)力量,以土為主,采(cai)取"臺渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)代渡槽,大(da)挖(wa)代隧(sui)洞",劈(pi)(pi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、填(tian)沖、筑嶺,僅(jin)用(yong)一年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)時(shi)間開通了65公(gong)里渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道,使(shi)灌區(qu)及早受益。該(gai)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)能夠快(kuai)速(su)完工(gong)(gong)(gong),與松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委和當地(di)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)大(da)力支(zhi)(zhi)持是分(fen)不(bu)開的(de)(de),在(zai)建庫時(shi)澧(li)(li)(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民(min)(min)顧全(quan)大(da)局,承擔了淹(yan)沒及移(yi)民(min)(min)損(sun)失,所以在(zai)修干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi),松(song)滋人民(min)(min)積極支(zhi)(zhi)持澧(li)(li)(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),盡早受益,無(wu)(wu)論在(zai)占壓良田、挖(wa)填(tian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)、搬遷農戶和民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)住房等(deng)方(fang)面都作了大(da)量的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程順利實施(shi),體現了松(song)澧(li)(li)(li)(li)人民(min)(min)相互(hu)支(zhi)(zhi)持、團結治水(shui)的(de)(de)好風尚。
洈水工(gong)程能在(zai)(zai)困(kun)難的條件下進行施工(gong),主(zhu)要是在(zai)(zai)地、縣委(wei)的領導下,工(gong)地黨委(wei)依靠(kao)干(gan)部、技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員、群眾三(san)結合,遵循科(ke)學規(gui)律,發(fa)揚艱苦奮斗、自力更生的精神,發(fa)揮(hui)了集體(ti)智慧(hui)和(he)力量。工(gong)程從l958年(nian)初(chu)步設(she)計到(dao)1965年(nian)續(xu)建修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)設(she)計和(he)1974年(nian)整險加(jia)固(gu)設(she)計,經過反復(fu)(fu)多次多處修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)補充,逐(zhu)步趨向完善(shan)合理(li)。如主(zhu)壩原設(she)計為粘(zhan)土(tu)均質壩,在(zai)(zai)續(xu)建時考(kao)慮到(dao)北端土(tu)源(yuan)缺乏,改(gai)(gai)為粘(zhan)土(tu)代料(liao)組合壩,縮短運距,節省土(tu)方(fang)量,加(jia)快了施工(gong)速度。溢洪道(dao)原址(zhi)定在(zai)(zai)野雞(ji)凹(ao),在(zai)(zai)續(xu)建時因(yin)孫(sun)家溪(xi)臨時泄洪沖深沖寬,巖(yan)石裸露(lu),便因(yin)地制宜將溢洪道(dao)址(zhi)改(gai)(gai)在(zai)(zai)孫(sun)家溪(xi),既(ji)減少新的開(kai)挖量,又減少孫(sun)家溪(xi)的填筑(zhu)量,符合客(ke)觀實際。特(te)別是灌區續(xu)建時,經指(zhi)揮(hui)長涂一(yi)元帶(dai)領技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員反復(fu)(fu)勘測,決(jue)定抬高渠(qu)(qu)底1米(mi),既(ji)可將灌溉(gai)面積(ji)增加(jia)8萬畝(mu),又可減少渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)的挖填量,這次修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)符合長遠利益,深得灌區人(ren)民的贊(zan)揚。
在(zai)大(da)(da)施工期(qi)間,工地黨(dang)委發動群眾,依靠群眾,開(kai)展了大(da)(da)規(gui)模的(de)工具改革(ge),利用庫內、灌區的(de)樹木(mu)作原料,曾進行(xing)過斗車化、軌道(dao)化、板車化等項改革(ge)。但因行(xing)程(cheng)遠、坡(po)陡、卸料困(kun)難以及(ji)勞(lao)力(li)擁擠諸多矛(mao)盾(dun),未能(neng)廣(guang)泛使(shi)用。后來因地制宜(yi),使(shi)用木(mu)制手推(tui)獨輪(lun)車,在(zai)大(da)(da)壩推(tui)土效果良好,小巧玲(ling)瓏(long),一人操(cao)作,裝卸方便,不擇道(dao)路,坡(po)陡可繞(rao)"之"字路而行(xing),載重250公(gong)斤,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減輕了勞(lao)動強度,提高了工效。
洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she),黨和各級政府(fu)給(gei)予(yu)極(ji)大的(de)支(zhi)持和關(guan)懷。在(zai)初建(jian)(jian)、續(xu)建(jian)(jian)、加(jia)固(gu)三個階段中,水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)錢(qian)正英、副(fu)部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)李(li)伯寧,湖(hu)北省省長(chang)(chang)張體學、副(fu)省長(chang)(chang)夏(xia)世厚和湖(hu)南省政府(fu)領導都曾親(qin)臨工(gong)(gong)地指(zhi)導,省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳和地、縣委(wei)領導多次到(dao)工(gong)(gong)地檢查指(zhi)導、慰問(wen)和幫助(zhu)解決具體問(wen)題。在(zai)續(xu)建(jian)(jian)時(shi)荊州地委(wei)派地區水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)局局長(chang)(chang)任指(zhi)揮(hui)長(chang)(chang),并(bing)組織有關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門的(de)領導和大批技術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)參(can)加(jia)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)施工(gong)(gong)。松滋縣委(wei)、政府(fu)更(geng)是(shi)要人(ren)(ren)上人(ren)(ren)、要物(wu)給(gei)物(wu),保證了工(gong)(gong)程的(de)順利(li)施工(gong)(gong)。公安、澧縣縣委(wei)同(tong)樣(yang)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建(jian)(jian)設(she)十分關(guan)心(xin),給(gei)予(yu)了極(ji)大的(de)支(zhi)持,形成(cheng)了"湘鄂人(ren)(ren)民心(xin)連心(xin),團結治水(shui)(shui)(shui)情誼深"的(de)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)風范,在(zai)管(guan)理中更(geng)好(hao)(hao)(hao)地發(fa)揚治水(shui)(shui)(shui)、用水(shui)(shui)(shui)一盤棋(qi)的(de)好(hao)(hao)(hao)傳(chuan)統,受到(dao)部(bu)(bu)、省多次好(hao)(hao)(hao)評。
水(shui)庫(ku)建設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中,曾遇到過(guo)許多矛盾和(he)問題。1958年(nian)水(shui)庫(ku)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)不久(jiu),正(zheng)值全(quan)國開展大(da)(da)(da)辦鋼鐵(tie),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)只(zhi)好讓路,已經(jing)(jing)上(shang)來(lai)的勞力(li)(li)抽(chou)調大(da)(da)(da)批支(zhi)援(yuan)辦鋼鐵(tie),使原計(ji)劃(hua)上(shang)8萬人(ren)減到只(zhi)上(shang)1.5萬人(ren),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不能(neng)按計(ji)劃(hua)進(jin)(jin)行。同時(shi)因勞力(li)(li)不足,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)展緩(huan)慢,到1959年(nian)初大(da)(da)(da)壩合(he)龍(long)(long)還(huan)是不合(he)龍(long)(long)面(mian)臨(lin)兩種選擇。在這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)關鍵(jian)時(shi)刻(ke),工(gong)(gong)(gong)地黨委一(yi)班人(ren)以對黨對人(ren)民(min)高度負責的精(jing)神和(he)求(qiu)實的態(tai)度,同技(ji)術人(ren)員一(yi)起根據洈(wei)水(shui)上(shang)游降水(shui)規(gui)律(lv),分析合(he)龍(long)(long)的必要性。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中采取縮窄斷面(mian)、縮短運距等多種措(cuo)施(shi),論證合(he)龍(long)(long)的可(ke)行性。前后(hou)方(fang)黨委研究決(jue)定(ding)全(quan)黨動(dong)(dong)員、全(quan)民(min)動(dong)(dong)員,組織(zhi)一(yi)定(ding)的人(ren)力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)為合(he)龍(long)(long)提供可(ke)靠保證,報經(jing)(jing)上(shang)級(ji)黨委批準(zhun),實施(shi)了(le)合(he)龍(long)(long)保成果(guo)的方(fang)案(an)。實踐(jian)證明這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)決(jue)策是正(zheng)確(que)的,它(ta)充分體現了(le)尊重(zhong)科學(xue)和(he)依靠人(ren)民(min)群眾(zhong)的重(zhong)要性,是領導科學(xue)指導實踐(jian)成功的范例。在續(xu)建中正(zheng)值全(quan)國開展設計(ji)革命,由于認識有(you)些不一(yi)致,在設計(ji)中出現了(le)片面(mian)求(qiu)省,使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)標準(zhun)偏低。1970年(nian)基本建成運用以后(hou),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量出現不同程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的問題,被(bei)列為全(quan)國病險(xian)庫(ku)之一(yi)。后(hou)來(lai)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)五年(nian)整險(xian)加固,才使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完全(quan)符合(he)安(an)全(quan)標準(zhun)。
經過(guo)近15年的(de)(de)艱苦奮斗,國家總投(tou)資2915.44萬元,地(di)方(fang)(fang)自籌403.4萬元。群眾投(tou)工3220.11萬個,完成土石方(fang)(fang)2528.52萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。壩體總量532萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米、長(chang)度1640米的(de)(de)主壩巍(wei)巍(wei)屹(yi)立(li)于洈(wei)水河(he)谷之(zhi)上,7公里(li)(li)多的(de)(de)副壩蜿蜒在(zai)山(shan)嶺之(zhi)中(zhong),使洈(wei)水這條"孽龍"從此聽(ting)憑調遣(qian)。三(san)條總長(chang)263公里(li)(li)的(de)(de)干渠似(si)(si)長(chang)龍伸延于鄂湘兩省(sheng)交界的(de)(de)山(shan)地(di)間(jian),滋潤著萬頃農(nong)田。發(fa)電(dian)站輸出巨(ju)大的(de)(de)電(dian)能,似(si)(si)閃耀明(ming)珠普(pu)照山(shan)鄉,人民齊頌(song)共產(chan)黨,載(zai)歌(ge)載(zai)舞慶(qing)豐年。
三
地委、縣(xian)(xian)委對(dui)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)十分重視。早在(zai)(zai)建(jian)庫初(chu)期,就(jiu)由松(song)滋(zi)(zi)縣(xian)(xian)建(jian)立了(le)松(song)滋(zi)(zi)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)巖(yan)咀水(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu),人員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)指揮部(bu)內工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),經費由縣(xian)(xian)財政開支(zhi)。1959年(nian)(nian)12月19日接收勝(sheng)利(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)社為(wei)水(shui)庫所(suo)轄(xia),建(jian)立畜牧(mu)場(chang)、林場(chang)。1960年(nian)(nian)大(da)壩合龍以后,庫內蓄水(shui),南、北閘及發電引水(shui)管(guan)(guan)已建(jian)成,地委委托松(song)滋(zi)(zi)縣(xian)(xian)正(zheng)式成立洈水(shui)水(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu),并(bing)將(jiang)(jiang)勝(sheng)利(li)(li)、建(jian)設公(gong)(gong)社劃歸(gui)水(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),1961年(nian)(nian)9月又將(jiang)(jiang)庫周大(da)巖(yan)咀公(gong)(gong)社、坪(ping)山公(gong)(gong)社劃歸(gui)水(shui)庫一(yi)并(bing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。1962年(nian)(nian)因受自然災害影(ying)響,無(wu)法繼續施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)程下馬(ma),水(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)縮減,所(suo)轄(xia)公(gong)(gong)社交(jiao)給西齋區(qu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),保留(liu)一(yi)個(ge)林場(chang)。水(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)行(xing)使(shi)建(jian)設施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)留(liu)守和(he)已建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)任(ren)務(wu)。1965年(nian)(nian)水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)程進行(xing)續建(jian),管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)歸(gui)并(bing)指揮部(bu),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)一(yi)齊(qi)抓。1970年(nian)(nian)水(shui)庫基(ji)本建(jian)成,管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)才充實人員(yuan),獨(du)立行(xing)使(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職責和(he)承(cheng)擔遺留(liu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設。1972年(nian)(nian),根據工(gong)(gong)程規(gui)模及管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)任(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)需要,管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)改屬(shu)地區(qu)水(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)直(zhi)接領導(dao)(dao)(dao),為(wei)地區(qu)二級(ji)(ji)單位(wei)。1992年(nian)(nian),管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)改為(wei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju),定(ding)為(wei)正(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji)單位(wei),荊沙市合并(bing)后更名為(wei)"洈水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)"。在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體制上,本著誰受益誰管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),統一(yi)領導(dao)(dao)(dao),分級(ji)(ji)負責的(de)(de)(de)原則,逐步趨向完善。管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)對(dui)樞(shu)紐(niu)灌區(qu)以及水(shui)、電、漁等實行(xing)統一(yi)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)經營管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。但(dan)對(dui)灌區(qu)干(gan)渠屬(shu)于(yu)一(yi)個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)受益的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分劃歸(gui)該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)直(zhi)接主(zhu)管(guan)(guan),管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)在(zai)(zai)業務(wu)上進行(xing)指導(dao)(dao)(dao),這樣有利(li)(li)于(yu)調動地方修渠、管(guan)(guan)渠、管(guan)(guan)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)積極性。 -
水(shui)庫從初建(jian)(jian)、續建(jian)(jian)到1970年基(ji)本竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),遺留(liu)下的(de)尾(wei)巴工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)很大,"北干(gan)"尚(shang)未通水(shui),"南干(gan)"配套不全,"澧干(gan)"沒有(you)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),大壩觀測設(she)施未建(jian)(jian),因此二十(shi)多年的(de)運用(yong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是個邊(bian)管理、邊(bian)配套、邊(bian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)、邊(bian)發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。為提高防洪標準和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量,更(geng)好地(di)發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益.在管理期(qi)間進(jin)行了整險(xian)加固(gu)設(she)計與施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禁腳和(he)(he)保護范(fan)圍,地(di)方政府也十(shi)分關心(xin)和(he)(he)支持,分別(bie)以松(song)會水(shui)字[1966]144號和(he)(he)松(song)革水(shui)字[1971]113號文(wen)作(zuo)了明確規定,為管好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)創造了有(you)利條(tiao)件(jian)。
管(guan)理(li)局(ju)對工(gong)(gong)程的(de)監測(ce)十(shi)分(fen)重視(shi),在接受管(guan)理(li)任務后及(ji)時建起(qi)了(le)(le)大壩(ba)(ba)的(de)沉陷、位移、滲(shen)漏(lou)等觀測(ce)設施(shi),并(bing)建立專班進行(xing)觀測(ce),編(bian)寫(xie)了(le)(le)大量資(zi)料,為(wei)整險加固設計提供了(le)(le)可靠的(de)依據。在加固中(zhong)又(you)建起(qi)了(le)(le)浸(jin)潤線和壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)滲(shen)漏(lou)等觀測(ce)設施(shi),這些(xie)監測(ce)設施(shi)的(de)建立與操作,對工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)理(li)發(fa)揮了(le)(le)極為(wei)有(you)效的(de)作用。同時,為(wei)清(qing)除(chu)壩(ba)(ba)身隱(yin)患,組織專班開展了(le)(le)防(fang)治白(bai)蟻的(de)工(gong)(gong)作。
洈(wei)水水庫(ku)汛(xun)期(qi)調(diao)(diao)度(du)權限由(you)地區防(fang)(fang)汛(xun)指揮部統一掌握,為(wei)加強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)汛(xun)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)領導(dao),地委每年委托松滋(zi)縣委的(de)(de)(de)主要負(fu)責人(ren)擔任指揮長。在運(yun)(yun)用初期(qi),由(you)于(yu)多(duo)種原因,規(gui)定汛(xun)限水位為(wei)90米(設計92米),1980年加固竣工(gong)(gong)后,提(ti)高到93米,經1983年大洪水和(he)93米以上(shang)水位43天的(de)(de)(de)考驗(yan),工(gong)(gong)程是安全的(de)(de)(de),但對(dui)下游(you)防(fang)(fang)洪的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)度(du)余地小,因此正式確定按92米運(yun)(yun)行。近年由(you)于(yu)通訊監測(ce)手段的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高,視天氣(qi)情況,允許浮動(dong)0.5米。為(wei)做好(hao)調(diao)(diao)度(du)運(yun)(yun)用工(gong)(gong)作,管(guan)(guan)理局從擔負(fu)管(guan)(guan)理職責開始,即著手開展洪水預報(bao),編制調(diao)(diao)度(du)方案,先后在庫(ku)區上(shang)游(you)建立了觀測(ce)站網和(he)通訊聯系(xi)(xi)網絡,近年又(you)將無(wu)線(xian)電傳遞改為(wei)自動(dong)遙測(ce)系(xi)(xi)統,大大提(ti)高了監控(kong)功能。并根據多(duo)年探索本流(liu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)降水規(gui)律,總結出(chu)了"低(di)水迎汛(xun),中水保(bao)灌,高水越冬"的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)度(du)原則,極大地提(ti)高了灌溉(gai)和(he)發(fa)電的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證率,以及(ji)防(fang)(fang)洪錯峰的(de)(de)(de)綜合效益。
農田(tian)灌溉是(shi)洈水(shui)水(shui)庫(ku)的主要任務(wu),受(shou)益初期,因工(gong)程配(pei)套不(bu)全,加(jia)之"吃大(da)(da)鍋飯,喝大(da)(da)鍋水(shui)",從育秧開(kai)始到晚稻(dao)收(shou)割,年放水(shui)在135天以上,年均耗(hao)水(shui)2.5億(yi)立方米左右,最高(gao)達3.36億(yi)立方米。這(zhe)樣(yang)無節制(zhi)地放水(shui),不(bu)僅浪費大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)源,也使(shi)部分(fen)農田(tian)冷浸受(shou)害(hai),還出現1972年、1974年在庫(ku)內抽(chou)水(shui),耗(hao)資40萬元的情(qing)況(kuang)。為此,管(guan)理單位(wei)在灌區進行了大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)程配(pei)套,并借鑒外地計量(liang)(liang)(liang)收(shou)費經(jing)驗(yan),結合(he)洈水(shui)實際(ji),制(zhi)訂(ding)了各項管(guan)理規章(zhang),從1982年開(kai)始全灌區實行"按田(tian)配(pei)水(shui)、計量(liang)(liang)(liang)收(shou)費"。隨(sui)著用水(shui)收(shou)費制(zhi)度(du)改革和(he)渠道配(pei)套不(bu)斷完善提(ti)高(gao),使(shi)用水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)少,年均在1.5億(yi)立方米以下,這(zhe)樣(yang)每年可增(zeng)加(jia)發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1000千瓦時以上,既提(ti)高(gao)了灌溉保證率(lv),又(you)增(zeng)加(jia)了管(guan)理單位(wei)的經(jing)濟收(shou)入(ru)。
為保(bao)證工程(cheng)的(de)(de)完(wan)整與常新,本(ben)著"功在(zai)平日,貴(gui)在(zai)堅持"的(de)(de)原則,管(guan)理(li)局對(dui)工程(cheng)進(jin)行了(le)精心管(guan)理(li),采取年歲修(xiu)、季小修(xiu)、月維修(xiu)以及(ji)隨壞隨修(xiu)的(de)(de)方式,不斷(duan)進(jin)行整治保(bao)養提(ti)高(gao)。并(bing)規(gui)定達(da)到壩面無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)坑洼,背(bei)坡無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雜草(cao),護坡無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)散石,溝道(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)阻塞,設(she)備(bei)完(wan)好,運用靈(ling)活,面貌(mao)常新等多種目標要求,進(jin)而(er)完(wan)善提(ti)高(gao)為全面目標管(guan)理(li)責任制(zhi),有效地(di)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)管(guan)理(li)工作水平。
水(shui)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)是水(shui)庫功能(neng)的(de)重要組(zu)(zu)成部分,施工(gong)期(qi)間僅裝機3臺,容量(liang)9200千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),于1970年(nian)(nian)4月相繼投入(ru)運行(xing),1976年(nian)(nian)自籌(chou)資(zi)金110萬(wan)元,安(an)裝了(le)第(di)4臺機組(zu)(zu),容量(liang)3200千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。水(shui)庫管理局依(yi)據保安(an)全、保農灌(guan)、兼顧防洪,爭取多發(fa)電(dian)(dian)和效益服(fu)從安(an)全的(de)原(yuan)則,精心調度。現年(nian)(nian)均發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)已近4000千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時。為照顧地方用電(dian)(dian),早(zao)在1971年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)站運行(xing)不久,經(jing)省電(dian)(dian)力廳(ting)趙(zhao)墨軒副廳(ting)長同意(yi),為解決(jue)西(xi)齋、大巖(yan)咀兩鄉鎮的(de)用電(dian)(dian)問題,開始架臨時線(xian)路,并用200千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)變(bian)壓器,解決(jue)照明,逐步發(fa)展為西(xi)齋供電(dian)(dian)所,現有(you)35千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站一(yi)座,容量(liang)8000千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)安(an),還有(you)大巖(yan)咀、豹子(zi)嶺兩處開關站,年(nian)(nian)供電(dian)(dian)量(liang)3000萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時以(yi)上(shang),占發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)80%,形成了(le)發(fa)供電(dian)(dian)一(yi)條龍,有(you)力地支持了(le)地方經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展,也(ye)增強了(le)自身經(jing)濟(ji)活(huo)力。
在(zai)搞好(hao)工程(cheng)管理,確保工程(cheng)安全(quan)的前提(ti)下,充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)水、土、電(dian)的資源優勢(shi),堅(jian)持以發(fa)展經(jing)濟為(wei)中心,本著鞏固(gu)發(fa)供電(dian)支柱(zhu),增(zeng)(zeng)強種養業(ye)基礎,加快(kuai)第(di)三產業(ye)發(fa)展的指導思想,開發(fa)了農供水、發(fa)供電(dian)、工加建(jian)、種養飲、商貿游等多(duo)門路的經(jing)營(ying)生產,使自(zi)身效益不斷提(ti)高,由1980年的年產值(zhi)344萬元逐步增(zeng)(zeng)加到1995年的2380萬元。
在抓物質(zhi)文(wen)明建(jian)設的(de)同時,始終堅持抓精神文(wen)明建(jian)設,加強和(he)完善(shan)黨(dang)的(de)領導,注重領導班子自(zi)身建(jian)設,注意加強思想政治工作。不斷深化內部(bu)經營(ying)機制改(gai)革,建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)各項(xiang)行為規范(fan),增強凝(ning)聚力(li)和(he)責(ze)任感,促進(jin)(jin)全(quan)(quan)面進(jin)(jin)步(bu)。由于出色的(de)管理(li)工作,《中國水(shui)(shui)(shui)利報(bao)》曾以"凝(ning)聚力(li)、責(ze)任制、好氛圍"為題報(bao)道了洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。管理(li)局先(xian)后被水(shui)(shui)(shui)利部(bu)評(ping)為先(xian)進(jin)(jin)管理(li)單位(wei)、部(bu)一級管理(li)單位(wei)和(he)全(quan)(quan)國先(xian)進(jin)(jin)灌區、先(xian)進(jin)(jin)集體(ti)、省農業先(xian)進(jin)(jin)單位(wei)、省綠化先(xian)進(jin)(jin)單位(wei)、省農口(kou)系(xi)統先(xian)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站和(he)地區綜(zong)合(he)經營(ying)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)單位(wei)、文(wen)明單位(wei)等(deng),1986~1995年全(quan)(quan)省大型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)千(qian)分制四屆考(kao)評(ping)中連續四次評(ping)為第一名。
四
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的經營(ying)在經費由補差、自給到逐步走向(xiang)良性循(xun)環(huan)的過程中,特別注重發揮水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的工程效(xiao)益和社會綜合效(xiao)益。
水(shui)庫自1966年開灌近10萬畝(mu)農田受益以來,隨(sui)著工程的(de)完善(shan)以及山荒面積(ji)的(de)墾殖擴大,現(xian)灌溉(gai)農田已(yi)達50萬畝(mu),截至(zhi)1994年底,共(gong)為(wei)灌區供水(shui)45.6億立方米,以起(qi)灌為(wei)基數,累計因水(shui)利(li)作用增產糧食23億公斤。
水庫在汛期發(fa)揮了應有防洪(hong)(hong)作(zuo)用,自1970年至今(jin)共(gong)為下游(you)(you)調蓄(xu)流量(liang)在1000立方米每(mei)秒(miao)以(yi)上的(de)洪(hong)(hong)峰18次(ci),其中(zhong)超(chao)過2000立方米每(mei)秒(miao)流量(liang)5次(ci),保護了下游(you)(you)松滋、公安兩縣25萬人口和近30萬畝(mu)農(nong)田的(de)安全,特(te)別是在1983年、1991~1995年三次(ci)大的(de)洪(hong)(hong)水中(zhong),為下游(you)(you)減少直接經濟損失在2億(yi)元(yuan)以(yi)上,并減輕了對松西河的(de)洪(hong)(hong)水威脅(xie)。
水庫電(dian)站自1970年投入運行(xing)以來(lai),累(lei)計發電(dian)量(liang)8.8億千(qian)瓦(wa)時,年均發電(dian)量(liang)在3500萬千(qian)瓦(wa)時左右,為工農業生產提供了(le)(le)有效的電(dian)能,創造了(le)(le)良好的社(she)會效益(yi)。同時,還利(li)用發電(dian)尾水在七里廟、芭芒灘建了(le)(le)兩座總裝(zhuang)機6臺(tai)、容量(liang)3900千(qian)瓦(wa)的發電(dian)站。
水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的水(shui)(shui)面和荒(huang)山禿嶺,自建(jian)庫(ku)(ku)以(yi)來(lai)也在逐漸被開發利用,庫(ku)(ku)區已(yi)栽植用材(cai)林(lin)4萬多畝,其(qi)中柑(gan)桔面積(ji)9000畝。90%以(yi)上面積(ji)已(yi)披上綠裝(zhuang),水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)管理面積(ji)造(zao)林(lin)已(yi)達l00%。年產柑(gan)桔可達200萬公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)上(水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)40萬公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)),其(qi)他(ta)水(shui)(shui)果50萬公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左右,捕撈成魚30萬公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)上。不僅創造(zao)了良好的經濟效益,也改善了生(sheng)態環(huan)境。
庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)山青(qing)水(shui)秀,氣候(hou)宜人,優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)氣候(hou),恬靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)和(he)遼闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)面、奇(qi)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)洞群(qun),以及其他人文景觀,融為一(yi)體,吸(xi)引了不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)中外游客前(qian)來洈水(shui)水(shui)庫(ku)考察(cha)、參觀旅游。水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然景色只要進行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)妝點,將更添風采。目前(qian),一(yi)個洈水(shui)旅游熱點正在逐步形(xing)成(cheng)。灌區(qu)(qu)人民(min)在各級黨委和(he)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導和(he)關懷下,經過自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力(li),使過去的(de)(de)(de)(de)"水(shui)袋子、旱包子、蟲(chong)窩子(血吸(xi)蟲(chong))"貧(pin)困落(luo)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)面貌發生了根本變化(hua),正在奔向小(xiao)康(kang)之路(lu)。廣(guang)大群(qun)眾說:我們現在是喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)洈水(shui)水(shui),吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洈水(shui)糧,過的(de)(de)(de)(de)好日子,享的(de)(de)(de)(de)共產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)福。
洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫還存在若干需要(yao)(yao)解決(jue)的(de)(de)問題:一是樞紐上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)植被雖然有(you)所改善,但淤(yu)積(ji)仍很(hen)嚴重,影響了(le)有(you)效水(shui)(shui)(shui)量,需要(yao)(yao)進一步做好上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)保持工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo);二是上(shang)下(xia)游(you)防(fang)洪(hong)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)差距很(hen)大,下(xia)游(you)河道堤防(fang)很(hen)不適(shi)應水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫防(fang)洪(hong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),需要(yao)(yao)加(jia)做工(gong)程提(ti)高標(biao)準(zhun);三是灌區配套還不十分完(wan)善,已配套工(gong)程標(biao)準(zhun)偏低,老化程度日趨(qu)嚴重,勢(shi)必(bi)影響農灌效益,還有(you)大量的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)要(yao)(yao)做;四是隨著工(gong)農業生產發(fa)展(zhan),上(shang)游(you)各個地方的(de)(de)開發(fa)與防(fang)止水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源污染(ran)的(de)(de)矛盾將有(you)發(fa)展(zhan),保護水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會更加(jia)艱(jian)巨。
縱觀洈水水庫的(de)發(fa)展,潛力很大,前景廣闊.只要繼續發(fa)揚"團結奮(fen)(fen)進(jin)、改革創(chuang)新(xin)、科學管理、實干興庫"的(de)洈水精神,沿(yan)著水、農(nong)、工、商、游的(de)格局奮(fen)(fen)力拼搏,闊步前進(jin),水庫必將發(fa)揮更好的(de)綜合(he)效益,為社(she)會主義(yi)現代化(hua)建設作(zuo)出更大的(de)貢獻。