工程作用
洈水(shui)水(shui)庫是在洈水(shui)流域(yu)中游建壩攔洪，以灌溉為主，具有防洪、發電(dian)、養殖等綜(zong)合效益的大型水(shui)利工程。庫區跨鄂湘兩省的五(wu)峰、松滋(zi)、石(shi)門、澧縣四縣市，總庫容5.93億立(li)方米，灌溉湖北松滋(zi)、公安和湖南澧縣共52萬畝農田，發電(dian)裝機四臺，容量1.24萬千瓦(wa)。
修建歷程
一
洈水(shui)是洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)四(si)口水(shui)系(xi)松(song)西河(he)的(de)支流(liu)(liu)，位于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)北省西南部和湖(hu)(hu)南省西北部交界處(chu)。發源于(yu)五(wu)峰清水(shui)灣(wan)，處(chu)于(yu)暴雨(yu)(yu)區(qu)范圍內，雨(yu)(yu)量充沛，多年平(ping)均來水(shui)9.42億立方米。建庫(ku)前(qian)每(mei)逢暴雨(yu)(yu)，山洪洶涌，沿(yan)岸(an)平(ping)川沖漫，下游近30萬(wan)畝的(de)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)洪澇成災。然而，洈水(shui)沿(yan)岸(an)丘陵、崗地，年年又缺水(shui)干旱，人(ren)(ren)畜飲水(shui)十(shi)(shi)分困難(nan)。群眾中流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)著這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)首(shou)民(min)(min)謠:"一(yi)(yi)天大(da)雨(yu)(yu)淹了田，五(wu)日無(wu)雨(yu)(yu)旱冒煙，十(shi)(shi)年就(jiu)有九(jiu)不(bu)收，拖(tuo)兒(er)帶女(nv)逃荒年"。還因(yin)溪水(shui)的(de)漲(zhang)落頻繁(fan)，使(shi)下游10萬(wan)畝的(de)王家大(da)湖(hu)(hu)雜草叢生(sheng)，釘螺繁(fan)殖，血(xue)吸(xi)蟲病害十(shi)(shi)分嚴重。有時(shi)水(shui)、旱、病三災并發，給沿(yan)流(liu)(liu)域數十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)帶來苦不(bu)堪言的(de)災難(nan)和危(wei)(wei)害，故人(ren)(ren)們(men)稱(cheng)此河(he)流(liu)(liu)為危(wei)(wei)害人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)"危(wei)(wei)水(shui)"。無(wu)止境的(de)災害，舊中國無(wu)法根治，人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)多少年夢寐以求(qiu)治理(li)洈水(shui)的(de)夙愿(yuan)無(wu)法實現。
新中(zhong)國成(cheng)立(li)后，黨和人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)政府十分關(guan)心洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的開發治(zhi)理(li)，由(you)于(yu)當時條件的限(xian)制，僅采取(qu)局部(bu)(bu)引排(pai)措施。1952年(nian)松滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)紙廠河(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)雷(lei)打(da)坑(keng)至廖家灣進行(xing)(xing)小改道(dao)，可縮短(duan)河(he)(he)線8公(gong)里(li)，翌年(nian)冬(dong)成(cheng)立(li)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)改道(dao)指揮部(bu)(bu)，動工(gong)后不(bu)(bu)久，因公(gong)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大德垸群眾提(ti)(ti)出異議，后經(jing)荊(jing)州專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局出面調解(jie)無效(xiao)而停工(gong)。1953年(nian)、1954年(nian)連續兩年(nian)旱澇成(cheng)災(zai)(zai)，干部(bu)(bu)群眾要求治(zhi)理(li)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的愿望更為迫(po)切(qie)，特(te)別(bie)是1954年(nian)的洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)造成(cheng)下(xia)游(you)十多(duo)個民(min)垸潰決(jue)，堵復(fu)(fu)工(gong)程量(liang)大，經(jing)松、公(gong)兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織有關(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員勘測提(ti)(ti)出方案，上(shang)報荊(jing)州專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)，決(jue)定(ding)從劉家小河(he)(he)改道(dao)經(jing)青羊(yang)山到(dao)重陽樹至公(gong)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鄭(zheng)家湖入老洈(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)。專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)成(cheng)立(li)施工(gong)指揮部(bu)(bu)，饒民(min)太副(fu)專(zhuan)員兼指揮長，于(yu)當年(nian)農歷冬(dong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十五(wu)日組(zu)(zu)(zu)織勞(lao)(lao)力3萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)正式(shi)動工(gong)，不(bu)(bu)久因大雪(xue)封(feng)凍，估(gu)計(ji)春節(jie)前不(bu)(bu)能解(jie)凍，又(you)加之災(zai)(zai)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)力、財力困難，臘(la)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)十三日饒副(fu)專(zhuan)員親臨工(gong)地(di)通知停工(gong)并作善后處理(li)。幾次改道(dao)均(jun)未成(cheng)功，引起(qi)省、地(di)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)各級領(ling)導的重視，決(jue)心采取(qu)根治(zhi)措施。松滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局于(yu)1956年(nian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織兩個測量(liang)隊，從本(ben)流(liu)域(yu)出口(kou)至上(shang)游(you)的主支流(liu)進行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面的地(di)形測量(liang)，搜集了大量(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文、地(di)質(zhi)，及各種災(zai)(zai)害情況的資料，在(zai)(zai)吸取(qu)過(guo)去(qu)經(jing)驗教(jiao)訓的基礎上(shang)，提(ti)(ti)出了"上(shang)蓄下(xia)排(pai)，根治(zhi)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)"的綜合方案。1958年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)，專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局派韓明炎工(gong)程師(shi)率隊對洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)進行(xing)(xing)復(fu)(fu)勘，選定(ding)在(zai)(zai)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)游(you)大巖咀(ju)修水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，于(yu)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)26日編(bian)制洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程設計(ji)書，上(shang)報省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳和專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局。同年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳組(zu)(zu)(zu)織省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校師(shi)生(sheng)30余人(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)測量(liang)，歷時兩個月(yue)(yue)(yue)完成(cheng)任(ren)務。同期松滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委派副(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長貢福珍帶隊作施工(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)作。8月(yue)(yue)(yue)經(jing)荊(jing)州地(di)委批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)組(zu)(zu)(zu)建(jian)施工(gong)指揮部(bu)(bu)，由(you)松、公(gong)兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織1.5萬勞(lao)(lao)力，于(yu)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)1日在(zai)(zai)"根治(zhi)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，造福人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)"的口(kou)號聲中(zhong)，正式(shi)動工(gong)興(xing)建(jian)。
二
洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程規模較(jiao)大(da)，任務艱巨，樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程由3壩(一(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)二副)、5閘、1電站組(zu)成，灌區渠道分為七(qi)級，各種建(jian)筑物(wu)1293座。在(zai)1958年修(xiu)建(jian)這(zhe)樣大(da)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程確實(shi)困(kun)難(nan)很多，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai):一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)當(dang)時國家(jia)財(cai)力、物(wu)力有(you)限，動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時僅給20萬元器(qi)材(cai)包干(gan)經費，完全實(shi)行"民辦公(gong)(gong)助";二是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)力量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)薄弱(ruo)，參(can)(can)戰人(ren)員沒有(you)實(shi)踐經驗(yan);三是(shi)流域在(zai)暴雨(yu)中心(xin)(xin)，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期間如(ru)何排除洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)威(wei)脅，困(kun)難(nan)重重。面臨這(zhe)樣嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)形勢，松(song)、公(gong)(gong)兩縣人(ren)民憑(ping)著對(dui)"根(gen)治洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"的(de)(de)強(qiang)烈愿望，以(yi)(yi)(yi)高度的(de)(de)社會主(zhu)(zhu)義建(jian)設熱情和自(zi)我犧(xi)牲(sheng)精神，投入(ru)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設。他們爭先恐后(hou)報名(ming)參(can)(can)戰，生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具自(zi)己(ji)帶(dai)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)材(cai)料自(zi)己(ji)籌，生(sheng)活(huo)物(wu)資自(zi)己(ji)備，不(bu)(bu)計(ji)報酬，不(bu)(bu)辭勞(lao)苦(ku)，日以(yi)(yi)(yi)繼(ji)夜戰斗在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期間最多上勞(lao)力近(jin)5萬人(ren)，干(gan)部與群眾打(da)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)，同(tong)吃、同(tong)住、同(tong)勞(lao)動(dong)，傳統的(de)(de)春節(jie)，民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)回家(jia)過(guo)年，指揮長查遠(yuan)澄(cheng)更是(shi)與民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)甘共苦(ku)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)度過(guo)除夕之夜，干(gan)群一(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)(xin)建(jian)洈(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，炮(pao)聲(sheng)動(dong)地(di)土遮天(tian)，人(ren)山(shan)人(ren)海(hai)，氣壯山(shan)河。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)深入(ru)持(chi)久地(di)開展(zhan)了以(yi)(yi)(yi)三高八比(bi)為內容，以(yi)(yi)(yi)百(連)千(組(zu))萬人(ren)(紅旗人(ren))的(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)競賽運動(dong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)浪高過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)浪。
在施工過程中，由(you)于(yu)多種原因，工程歷經初(chu)建、續(xu)建、加(jia)(jia)固(gu)三個階(jie)段，但干部、群眾始終(zhong)以飽滿的(de)政治熱(re)情，發(fa)揚"一不(bu)怕(pa)苦(ku)，二不(bu)怕(pa)死(si)"的(de)革命精神，戰天(tian)斗(dou)地，苦(ku)干加(jia)(jia)巧干，涌現出了(le)許多可(ke)歌可(ke)泣(qi)的(de)動人事跡(ji)和先(xian)進模范(fan)人物(wu)，有的(de)甚至(zhi)獻(xian)出了(le)寶(bao)貴的(de)生命，夙愿終(zhong)于(yu)實現，功績永垂(chui)史冊。
洈水(shui)水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設以(yi)主壩(ba)(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)最(zui)為緊張艱(jian)巨。圍(wei)堰導(dao)(dao)流(liu)是(shi)保證大(da)壩(ba)(ba)順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)處(chu)暴雨中心(xin)的(de)(de)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)來說，圍(wei)堰導(dao)(dao)流(liu)更有它(ta)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊重(zhong)要(yao)性。工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨(dang)委對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)十(shi)分重(zhong)視，為此(ci)，在(zai)壩(ba)(ba)址上游1000米(mi)處(chu)設圍(wei)堰引(yin)排，加(jia)大(da)流(liu)量(liang)300立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)每(mei)秒，組(zu)織2000人日夜施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。圍(wei)堰尚未竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，于(yu)10月(yue)13日一(yi)天降雨104.6毫米(mi)，產生流(liu)量(liang)904立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)每(mei)秒，工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)連(lian)夜組(zu)織6000人搶筑(zhu)，終因洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)過(guo)(guo)(guo)猛(meng)，搶筑(zhu)不(bu)及，漫堤(di)崩潰。造成(cheng)下(xia)游的(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)物質器(qi)材被洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)沖(chong)走(zou)，還沖(chong)走(zou)一(yi)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，下(xia)落不(bu)明。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)雖遭多次洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)襲擊(ji)，但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨(dang)委領導(dao)(dao)下(xia)，民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)毫不(bu)氣餒，連(lian)續(xu)作戰(zhan)，幾(ji)經(jing)堵復，終于(yu)初戰(zhan)告捷，圍(wei)堰導(dao)(dao)流(liu)成(cheng)功，使大(da)壩(ba)(ba)得以(yi)順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。堵口合(he)龍是(shi)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)最(zui)為關鍵又(you)最(zui)為緊張的(de)(de)時刻，由(you)于(yu)當時大(da)辦(ban)鋼(gang)鐵的(de)(de)需要(yao)，勞力(li)幾(ji)上幾(ji)下(xia)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度緩慢，而(er)省、地(di)(di)委要(yao)求(qiu)1960年(nian)冬必須完(wan)成(cheng)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)任務，爭取部分受(shou)益(yi)。在(zai)1959年(nian)冬，面對(dui)(dui)(dui)著(zhu)合(he)龍大(da)壩(ba)(ba)填筑(zhu)任務跟不(bu)上，不(bu)合(he)龍則已(yi)獲(huo)成(cheng)果(guo)保不(bu)住，會(hui)前(qian)功盡棄的(de)(de)情況，工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨(dang)委會(hui)同技術人員經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)反復研(yan)究，報經(jing)上級(ji)同意(yi)，采取如下(xia)措施(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)是(shi)降低高程(cheng)，縮小斷面，做至90米(mi)高程(cheng)，保百年(nian)一(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)渡過(guo)(guo)(guo)汛期;二(er)是(shi)保證土方(fang)(fang)(fang)進度，采取縮短(duan)土方(fang)(fang)(fang)運(yun)距，加(jia)強(qiang)勞力(li)組(zu)合(he)，改革運(yun)輸工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，確(que)(que)立(li)日升尺度，并同民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)的(de)(de)公社黨(dang)委書記簽訂任務合(he)同書，雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)明確(que)(que)職責，請縣委、縣政(zheng)府、檢察院監督實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，強(qiang)化(hua)責任，確(que)(que)保兌(dui)現;三(san)是(shi)做好合(he)龍前(qian)一(yi)切準(zhun)備，根據流(liu)域降水(shui)特(te)(te)點，決定1960年(nian)2月(yue)2日合(he)龍。
整個合(he)龍是一個與(yu)天斗與(yu)地斗的(de)艱巨緊張過程(cheng)，2月(yue)2日(ri)(ri)(ri)上午7時(shi)(shi)，圍堰(yan)截流，5日(ri)(ri)(ri)正式進土(tu)，7日(ri)(ri)(ri)工(gong)地召開合(he)龍慶典動員誓(shi)師大(da)(da)會，打響了馴服洈水(shui)(shui)、造福人民的(de)攻堅戰。經13個日(ri)(ri)(ri)夜(ye)苦戰，高程(cheng)筑至70米時(shi)(shi)，15至17日(ri)(ri)(ri)連降大(da)(da)雨，庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)迅漲至68米，而且還在(zai)繼續上漲，形(xing)勢非(fei)常(chang)險(xian)惡，施工(gong)萬(wan)分緊張，指揮(hui)部及時(shi)(shi)采取(qu)非(fei)常(chang)措施，在(zai)迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)面搶筑子埂(geng)擋住洪水(shui)(shui)，干群(qun)合(he)力投入(ru)戰斗，不顧泥滑(hua)雨淋，水(shui)(shui)漲堤高，終于戰勝洪水(shui)(shui)。經過3、4兩個月(yue)施工(gong)，大(da)(da)壩達到(dao)90米脫險(xian)高程(cheng)，為水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建設的(de)成(cheng)功(gong)作出(chu)了貢(gong)獻。
灌區(qu)渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程以北(bei)(bei)干渠(qu)(qu)施工(gong)(gong)為(wei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)難，主支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干渠(qu)(qu)101公里(li)(li)(li)，有90%是盤山(shan)開(kai)渠(qu)(qu)，劈開(kai)山(shan)埡79處，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高達21米(mi)(mi)，鑿穿隧道(dao)17處，總長達2769米(mi)(mi)，架(jia)設渡槽(cao)6座，總長1544米(mi)(mi)，填(tian)(tian)筑大(da)山(shan)沖44處。特別(bie)是打隧洞用(yong)土(tu)法施工(gong)(gong)，還遇到流(liu)砂層(ceng)、破碎(sui)帶等(deng)多(duo)處險段，依靠(kao)群(qun)眾(zhong)的智慧和(he)(he)力(li)(li)量，戰勝(sheng)了(le)(le)各種(zhong)困難，按計劃完(wan)成了(le)(le)任務。南干渠(qu)(qu)施工(gong)(gong)速(su)度最(zui)(zui)(zui)快(kuai)，全(quan)長94公里(li)(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)1965年(nian)樞紐續建(jian)時(shi)(shi)相繼開(kai)工(gong)(gong)，僅用(yong)一年(nian)半的時(shi)(shi)間完(wan)成土(tu)石方(fang)(fang)433萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，混(hun)凝土(tu)4054立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，砌石9700立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，還架(jia)設全(quan)灌區(qu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長(875米(mi)(mi))、最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(31米(mi)(mi))的渡槽(cao)一座，開(kai)通(tong)各類渠(qu)(qu)系(xi)262.5公里(li)(li)(li)，1966年(nian)5月建(jian)成通(tong)水。澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干渠(qu)(qu)挖填(tian)(tian)量最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da).南北(bei)(bei)干渠(qu)(qu)受(shou)益后，澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)因連續幾年(nian)干旱，涔(cen)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)又無其他水源(yuan)，群(qun)眾(zhong)迫切要求興建(jian)澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干渠(qu)(qu)。常德地(di)(di)委(wei)、澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)十分(fen)重視，在(zai)(zai)財力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)極端困難的情況下，依靠(kao)群(qun)眾(zhong)的力(li)(li)量，以土(tu)為(wei)主，采取"臺渠(qu)(qu)代渡槽(cao)，大(da)挖代隧洞"，劈山(shan)、填(tian)(tian)沖、筑嶺，僅用(yong)一年(nian)的時(shi)(shi)間開(kai)通(tong)了(le)(le)65公里(li)(li)(li)渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)，使(shi)灌區(qu)及(ji)(ji)早(zao)受(shou)益。該干渠(qu)(qu)能夠快(kuai)速(su)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)，與松(song)(song)(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)和(he)(he)當地(di)(di)政府的大(da)力(li)(li)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持是分(fen)不(bu)開(kai)的，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)庫時(shi)(shi)澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)(min)顧全(quan)大(da)局，承擔了(le)(le)淹沒及(ji)(ji)移(yi)民(min)(min)損失，所以在(zai)(zai)修干渠(qu)(qu)時(shi)(shi)，松(song)(song)(song)滋(zi)人(ren)民(min)(min)積極支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干渠(qu)(qu)，盡早(zao)受(shou)益，無論在(zai)(zai)占壓良田、挖填(tian)(tian)山(shan)地(di)(di)、搬遷農(nong)戶和(he)(he)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)住房等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面都作(zuo)了(le)(le)大(da)量的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)程順利實施，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)松(song)(song)(song)澧(li)(li)人(ren)民(min)(min)相互支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持、團結(jie)治水的好風尚。
洈水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)能在困難(nan)的(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)進行施工(gong)(gong)，主(zhu)要是在地(di)(di)、縣委的(de)領導下(xia)，工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨委依靠(kao)干部、技術人(ren)員、群眾三(san)結合(he)，遵循科(ke)學規律，發揚(yang)艱苦奮斗、自(zi)力(li)更生的(de)精神，發揮了集體智慧和(he)(he)力(li)量(liang)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)從l958年(nian)初(chu)步設計(ji)到(dao)1965年(nian)續建修(xiu)(xiu)改設計(ji)和(he)(he)1974年(nian)整險加固設計(ji)，經過反復(fu)多次多處修(xiu)(xiu)改補充，逐步趨向完(wan)善合(he)理。如(ru)主(zhu)壩原設計(ji)為粘土(tu)均(jun)質壩，在續建時(shi)考慮(lv)到(dao)北端土(tu)源(yuan)缺乏，改為粘土(tu)代料組合(he)壩，縮短運距，節省(sheng)土(tu)方(fang)量(liang)，加快了施工(gong)(gong)速度。溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)原址定在野雞(ji)凹，在續建時(shi)因(yin)孫(sun)家溪臨時(shi)泄洪(hong)沖深沖寬，巖石(shi)裸露，便(bian)因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜將溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)址改在孫(sun)家溪，既減(jian)少新的(de)開挖量(liang)，又(you)減(jian)少孫(sun)家溪的(de)填筑量(liang)，符合(he)客(ke)觀(guan)實際。特別是灌區續建時(shi)，經指揮長(chang)涂一元帶(dai)領技術人(ren)員反復(fu)勘測(ce)，決定抬高渠底1米，既可(ke)將灌溉面積(ji)增加8萬畝，又(you)可(ke)減(jian)少渠道(dao)的(de)挖填量(liang)，這次修(xiu)(xiu)改符合(he)長(chang)遠利益，深得灌區人(ren)民的(de)贊(zan)揚(yang)。
在(zai)大施(shi)工期間，工地(di)黨委發(fa)動群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)，依靠群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)，開(kai)展(zhan)了大規模(mo)的工具改革(ge)，利用庫內、灌區的樹木(mu)作原料(liao)，曾進(jin)行過斗(dou)車(che)化(hua)(hua)、軌道化(hua)(hua)、板車(che)化(hua)(hua)等項改革(ge)。但因行程遠、坡陡、卸(xie)料(liao)困(kun)難以及勞力(li)擁擠(ji)諸多矛(mao)盾，未能(neng)廣泛使用。后來因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)，使用木(mu)制(zhi)手推獨輪(lun)車(che)，在(zai)大壩推土(tu)效果(guo)良好，小巧玲瓏，一人操作，裝卸(xie)方便(bian)，不擇(ze)道路，坡陡可(ke)繞"之"字路而行，載重250公斤，大大減輕(qing)了勞動強(qiang)度(du)，提高了工效。
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫的建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，黨和各(ge)級政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)給(gei)予極(ji)大的支持和關(guan)懷。在(zai)初建(jian)(jian)(jian)、續建(jian)(jian)(jian)、加固三個(ge)階(jie)段中，水(shui)(shui)利(li)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)長(chang)錢正英、副部(bu)(bu)長(chang)李伯寧(ning)，湖(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)張體(ti)學、副省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)夏世厚和湖(hu)南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)領(ling)導(dao)都曾(ceng)親臨工地(di)(di)(di)(di)指導(dao)，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)廳和地(di)(di)(di)(di)、縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)領(ling)導(dao)多次到工地(di)(di)(di)(di)檢查(cha)指導(dao)、慰問(wen)和幫助解決具(ju)體(ti)問(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)續建(jian)(jian)(jian)時荊州(zhou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)委(wei)(wei)派地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)水(shui)(shui)利(li)局局長(chang)任指揮長(chang)，并組織有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)的領(ling)導(dao)和大批技術人員參加洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)施工。松滋縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)、政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)更(geng)是要人上人、要物給(gei)物，保(bao)證了(le)工程的順利(li)施工。公安、澧縣(xian)縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)同樣對水(shui)(shui)庫建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)十分關(guan)心，給(gei)予了(le)極(ji)大的支持，形(xing)成了(le)"湘鄂人民(min)心連(lian)心，團結(jie)治水(shui)(shui)情誼深"的良(liang)好(hao)風范(fan)，在(zai)管理中更(geng)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)發揚治水(shui)(shui)、用水(shui)(shui)一(yi)盤棋的好(hao)傳統，受到部(bu)(bu)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)多次好(hao)評。
水庫建(jian)設過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，曾(ceng)遇(yu)到(dao)過許多矛盾(dun)和(he)問題(ti)。1958年(nian)水庫開工(gong)后不(bu)久，正值(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國開展大辦鋼(gang)鐵，施工(gong)只(zhi)(zhi)好讓路，已經(jing)上來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)力(li)抽調大批支援(yuan)辦鋼(gang)鐵，使原計劃上8萬人(ren)減(jian)到(dao)只(zhi)(zhi)上1.5萬人(ren)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)能按計劃進(jin)行(xing)。同(tong)時因勞(lao)(lao)力(li)不(bu)足，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)展緩慢，到(dao)1959年(nian)初大壩(ba)合龍(long)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)合龍(long)面臨(lin)兩種(zhong)選擇。在(zai)這一(yi)(yi)關(guan)鍵時刻(ke)，工(gong)地黨(dang)委(wei)一(yi)(yi)班人(ren)以(yi)對黨(dang)對人(ren)民(min)(min)高度負責(ze)的(de)(de)精神和(he)求(qiu)實的(de)(de)態度，同(tong)技(ji)術人(ren)員一(yi)(yi)起(qi)根(gen)據(ju)洈水上游降水規(gui)律(lv)，分析合龍(long)的(de)(de)必要性。在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)中(zhong)采取縮窄斷面、縮短(duan)運(yun)(yun)距(ju)等多種(zhong)措施，論證(zheng)合龍(long)的(de)(de)可行(xing)性。前后方黨(dang)委(wei)研究(jiu)決定(ding)全(quan)(quan)(quan)黨(dang)動員、全(quan)(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)動員，組織一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)人(ren)力(li)、物力(li)為(wei)(wei)合龍(long)提供(gong)可靠(kao)保證(zheng)，報經(jing)上級黨(dang)委(wei)批準(zhun)，實施了合龍(long)保成果的(de)(de)方案。實踐(jian)證(zheng)明這一(yi)(yi)決策是(shi)(shi)正確(que)的(de)(de)，它(ta)充(chong)分體(ti)現了尊重科學和(he)依靠(kao)人(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)重要性，是(shi)(shi)領導科學指導實踐(jian)成功的(de)(de)范(fan)例。在(zai)續建(jian)中(zhong)正值(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國開展設計革命，由(you)于認(ren)識有些不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，在(zai)設計中(zhong)出現了片面求(qiu)省，使工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)偏低。1970年(nian)基本建(jian)成運(yun)(yun)用以(yi)后，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量出現不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)問題(ti)，被列為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國病險(xian)庫之一(yi)(yi)。后來(lai)(lai)經(jing)過五年(nian)整險(xian)加固，才使工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完全(quan)(quan)(quan)符合安全(quan)(quan)(quan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。
經過近15年的(de)艱苦奮(fen)斗，國家總(zong)投資2915.44萬(wan)元，地(di)方(fang)(fang)自籌403.4萬(wan)元。群眾投工3220.11萬(wan)個，完成(cheng)土石方(fang)(fang)2528.52萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。壩(ba)體(ti)總(zong)量532萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)、長度1640米(mi)的(de)主壩(ba)巍巍屹立(li)于(yu)洈水(shui)河谷之上，7公里多的(de)副壩(ba)蜿蜒在山(shan)(shan)嶺之中(zhong)，使洈水(shui)這條"孽龍(long)"從此聽憑調遣。三條總(zong)長263公里的(de)干渠(qu)似(si)長龍(long)伸延于(yu)鄂湘兩省交界的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)間，滋潤(run)著萬(wan)頃農田。發(fa)電(dian)站輸(shu)出巨(ju)大的(de)電(dian)能(neng)，似(si)閃耀明珠普照山(shan)(shan)鄉，人民(min)齊頌共產黨(dang)，載歌載舞慶(qing)豐年。
三
地委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作十分(fen)重(zhong)視。早(zao)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)初期，就(jiu)由松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立了松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)巖(yan)(yan)咀水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處，人員在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)指(zhi)揮部內工(gong)(gong)作，經(jing)費(fei)由縣(xian)(xian)(xian)財政開支。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月19日接(jie)收勝(sheng)利(li)公(gong)社(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)所轄，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立畜(chu)牧場、林場。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)壩合龍(long)以后，庫(ku)(ku)(ku)內蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)，南(nan)、北閘及(ji)(ji)發電引水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)成，地委(wei)(wei)委(wei)(wei)托松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)正式成立洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處，并將勝(sheng)利(li)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設公(gong)社(she)(she)劃(hua)歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月又(you)將庫(ku)(ku)(ku)周大(da)巖(yan)(yan)咀公(gong)社(she)(she)、坪山公(gong)社(she)(she)劃(hua)歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)(yi)(yi)并管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)因受(shou)(shou)(shou)自然(ran)災害影響，無(wu)法繼續(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)下(xia)馬，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員縮減，所轄公(gong)社(she)(she)交(jiao)給西齋區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，保(bao)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)林場。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處行(xing)(xing)使建(jian)(jian)(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)守和(he)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)續(xu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處歸(gui)并指(zhi)揮部，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)齊(qi)抓。1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處才(cai)充實人員，獨立行(xing)(xing)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)職責(ze)和(he)承擔遺留(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規模及(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)需要，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處改屬地區(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)局(ju)直(zhi)接(jie)領導(dao)，為(wei)(wei)地區(qu)(qu)二級(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處改為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)，定(ding)為(wei)(wei)正縣(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位，荊沙(sha)市合并后更名為(wei)(wei)"洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)"。在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體制上(shang)，本(ben)(ben)著誰(shui)受(shou)(shou)(shou)益誰(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)領導(dao)，分(fen)級(ji)(ji)負責(ze)的(de)(de)原則，逐步趨向完善。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)對(dui)樞紐灌區(qu)(qu)以及(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、電、漁等實行(xing)(xing)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)領導(dao)和(he)經(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。但對(dui)灌區(qu)(qu)干(gan)渠屬于一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)受(shou)(shou)(shou)益的(de)(de)部分(fen)劃(hua)歸(gui)該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)直(zhi)接(jie)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)在(zai)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)指(zhi)導(dao)，這樣有利(li)于調動地方修(xiu)渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)積極性(xing)。 -
水(shui)庫從初(chu)建(jian)、續建(jian)到1970年基本竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)，遺(yi)留(liu)下的(de)尾巴(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)很大，"北干"尚未通水(shui)，"南干"配套不全(quan)，"澧干"沒有開工(gong)(gong)(gong)，大壩(ba)觀測設施未建(jian)，因此二(er)十(shi)多年的(de)運用過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)個邊(bian)(bian)管(guan)理、邊(bian)(bian)配套、邊(bian)(bian)建(jian)設、邊(bian)(bian)發揮(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效益的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。為(wei)(wei)提高防洪標準和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量，更好地發揮(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效益.在管(guan)理期間進行了整險加固設計與施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禁腳和保護范圍，地方政府也十(shi)分關心和支持，分別以松(song)會(hui)水(shui)字[1966]144號(hao)和松(song)革水(shui)字[1971]113號(hao)文作了明確規定，為(wei)(wei)管(guan)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)創造了有利條件。
管理局對(dui)工程的(de)監測(ce)(ce)十分重視，在接受(shou)管理任務(wu)后(hou)及時建起(qi)了(le)大(da)(da)壩(ba)的(de)沉陷(xian)、位移、滲漏等觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)設(she)施，并建立專(zhuan)班(ban)進行觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)，編寫(xie)了(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)資料，為(wei)整(zheng)險加固(gu)設(she)計提供了(le)可靠的(de)依(yi)據(ju)。在加固(gu)中又(you)建起(qi)了(le)浸(jin)潤(run)線和壩(ba)基(ji)滲漏等觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)設(she)施，這些監測(ce)(ce)設(she)施的(de)建立與(yu)操作(zuo)，對(dui)工程管理發(fa)揮了(le)極為(wei)有效的(de)作(zuo)用。同時，為(wei)清除(chu)壩(ba)身隱(yin)患，組織專(zhuan)班(ban)開展(zhan)了(le)防治(zhi)白(bai)蟻的(de)工作(zuo)。
洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫汛期調(diao)度(du)權限(xian)由(you)(you)(you)地區防汛指揮(hui)部統一掌握，為(wei)加強防汛工作的(de)領導，地委每年(nian)委托松滋縣委的(de)主要(yao)負(fu)責人擔任指揮(hui)長。在(zai)運用(yong)初期，由(you)(you)(you)于多種原因，規定汛限(xian)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)90米(mi)(設(she)計92米(mi))，1980年(nian)加固竣工后，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高到93米(mi)，經1983年(nian)大洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)和(he)93米(mi)以上(shang)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)43天的(de)考(kao)驗，工程是安全的(de)，但對下游(you)防洪(hong)的(de)調(diao)度(du)余地小(xiao)，因此正式確定按(an)92米(mi)運行。近年(nian)由(you)(you)(you)于通訊監(jian)(jian)測(ce)手段的(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高，視天氣情況，允許浮動0.5米(mi)。為(wei)做好調(diao)度(du)運用(yong)工作，管理(li)局從擔負(fu)管理(li)職責開始，即著(zhu)手開展洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)預報，編制(zhi)調(diao)度(du)方(fang)案，先后在(zai)庫區上(shang)游(you)建立(li)了觀測(ce)站(zhan)網和(he)通訊聯(lian)系網絡，近年(nian)又(you)將無線電傳(chuan)遞(di)改為(wei)自動遙測(ce)系統，大大提(ti)(ti)(ti)高了監(jian)(jian)控功能。并(bing)根(gen)據多年(nian)探索本流域的(de)降水(shui)(shui)規律，總結(jie)出了"低水(shui)(shui)迎(ying)汛，中水(shui)(shui)保(bao)灌(guan)(guan)，高水(shui)(shui)越冬"的(de)調(diao)度(du)原則(ze)，極大地提(ti)(ti)(ti)高了灌(guan)(guan)溉和(he)發電的(de)保(bao)證率，以及防洪(hong)錯峰的(de)綜合效益。
農田灌(guan)(guan)溉是洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的主(zhu)要(yao)任務(wu)，受益(yi)初期(qi)，因工程(cheng)配(pei)套(tao)不全，加之"吃大(da)鍋(guo)飯，喝大(da)鍋(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"，從育秧開始到晚稻收(shou)(shou)割，年(nian)(nian)(nian)放水(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)135天以上(shang)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)2.5億立(li)(li)方米左(zuo)右，最高(gao)達3.36億立(li)(li)方米。這(zhe)樣無節制地放水(shui)(shui)(shui)，不僅浪費大(da)量水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，也(ye)使部分農田冷浸(jin)受害，還出(chu)現1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)庫內(nei)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)，耗資40萬元的情況。為此(ci)，管(guan)理單位(wei)在(zai)(zai)灌(guan)(guan)區進(jin)行了(le)大(da)量工程(cheng)配(pei)套(tao)，并借鑒(jian)外地計量收(shou)(shou)費經(jing)驗，結合(he)洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)際，制訂了(le)各項管(guan)理規章(zhang)，從1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始全灌(guan)(guan)區實(shi)行"按田配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、計量收(shou)(shou)費"。隨著用水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)費制度改革和渠道配(pei)套(tao)不斷(duan)完善提高(gao)，使用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量大(da)大(da)減少，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)1.5億立(li)(li)方米以下(xia)，這(zhe)樣每年(nian)(nian)(nian)可增加發電量1000千(qian)瓦時以上(shang)，既提高(gao)了(le)灌(guan)(guan)溉保證率，又增加了(le)管(guan)理單位(wei)的經(jing)濟收(shou)(shou)入。
為(wei)保證工程的完(wan)整(zheng)與常新，本著"功在平日，貴(gui)在堅持(chi)"的原則，管理(li)局對工程進行(xing)了(le)精心管理(li)，采取年歲修(xiu)、季小修(xiu)、月維修(xiu)以及隨壞隨修(xiu)的方式，不斷(duan)進行(xing)整(zheng)治保養提高。并規定達到(dao)壩面(mian)無(wu)坑洼(wa)，背坡無(wu)雜草(cao)，護坡無(wu)散石，溝道無(wu)阻塞，設備完(wan)好，運用靈活，面(mian)貌常新等(deng)多種(zhong)目標(biao)要(yao)求，進而完(wan)善提高為(wei)全面(mian)目標(biao)管理(li)責任(ren)制，有效地提高了(le)管理(li)工作水平。
水(shui)(shui)力(li)發電(dian)是水(shui)(shui)庫功能的(de)(de)重要組成部分，施工期間僅(jin)裝機(ji)(ji)3臺，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)9200千瓦(wa)，于1970年4月(yue)相繼投入(ru)運(yun)行，1976年自籌資金110萬元，安裝了(le)第4臺機(ji)(ji)組，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)3200千瓦(wa)。水(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)理局依據保安全(quan)、保農灌、兼顧防洪，爭取(qu)多發電(dian)和效益服從安全(quan)的(de)(de)原則(ze)，精心調度。現(xian)年均發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)已近4000千瓦(wa)時。為照顧地方用電(dian)，早在1971年電(dian)站運(yun)行不久，經(jing)(jing)省(sheng)電(dian)力(li)廳趙墨(mo)軒副廳長(chang)同意，為解決西(xi)(xi)齋、大(da)巖(yan)咀兩(liang)鄉鎮的(de)(de)用電(dian)問(wen)題，開始架臨時線路，并用200千瓦(wa)的(de)(de)變(bian)壓器，解決照明，逐步發展為西(xi)(xi)齋供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)所，現(xian)有(you)35千伏變(bian)電(dian)站一座，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)8000千伏安，還有(you)大(da)巖(yan)咀、豹子嶺(ling)兩(liang)處開關站，年供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)3000萬千瓦(wa)時以上(shang)，占發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80%，形成了(le)發供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)一條龍，有(you)力(li)地支持了(le)地方經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)發展，也增強了(le)自身(shen)經(jing)(jing)濟活力(li)。
在搞好工程管理，確保工程安全的(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，充分利用水、土(tu)、電(dian)的(de)資源優勢(shi)，堅持以發展(zhan)經濟(ji)為中心(xin)，本著鞏固發供(gong)電(dian)支柱，增(zeng)強種(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)業基礎，加(jia)快第三產(chan)業發展(zhan)的(de)指導思(si)想，開發了農供(gong)水、發供(gong)電(dian)、工加(jia)建、種(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)飲(yin)、商貿游(you)等多門路(lu)的(de)經營生產(chan)，使自身效益不斷(duan)提(ti)高，由1980年的(de)年產(chan)值344萬(wan)(wan)元逐步增(zeng)加(jia)到1995年的(de)2380萬(wan)(wan)元。
在抓物質文明建(jian)設的同時，始終(zhong)堅持抓精神文明建(jian)設，加強(qiang)和完善黨的領(ling)導，注重領(ling)導班子自身(shen)建(jian)設，注意加強(qiang)思想政(zheng)治(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)。不斷深化內部經(jing)營機制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)，建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)各(ge)項行為(wei)規范，增強(qiang)凝(ning)聚力和責任(ren)感，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)全(quan)(quan)面進(jin)(jin)(jin)步。由于(yu)出色的管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，《中國水(shui)(shui)利報》曾以"凝(ning)聚力、責任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)、好氛圍(wei)"為(wei)題報道了洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫。管理(li)局先(xian)(xian)后(hou)被(bei)水(shui)(shui)利部評(ping)為(wei)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)管理(li)單位、部一級管理(li)單位和全(quan)(quan)國先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)灌區、先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)集體、省農業先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)單位、省綠化先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)單位、省農口系(xi)統(tong)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)和地區綜(zong)合(he)經(jing)營先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)單位、文明單位等(deng)，1986~1995年全(quan)(quan)省大型水(shui)(shui)庫千分制(zhi)(zhi)四屆(jie)考評(ping)中連續四次評(ping)為(wei)第一名。
四
洈水水庫(ku)的(de)(de)經營在(zai)經費(fei)由(you)補差、自給到逐步走向良性循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，特別(bie)注(zhu)重(zhong)發揮水庫(ku)的(de)(de)工程(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)益和社會綜合(he)效(xiao)(xiao)益。
水庫自(zi)1966年開灌(guan)近10萬(wan)畝(mu)農(nong)田受益以(yi)(yi)來，隨著(zhu)工(gong)程的完(wan)善以(yi)(yi)及山荒(huang)面積的墾殖擴大(da)，現灌(guan)溉農(nong)田已達(da)50萬(wan)畝(mu)，截(jie)至1994年底，共為(wei)灌(guan)區供水45.6億(yi)立方(fang)米，以(yi)(yi)起灌(guan)為(wei)基(ji)數，累計因水利作用增產(chan)糧(liang)食23億(yi)公斤。
水庫(ku)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)汛期發揮了(le)應有防洪(hong)作用，自1970年至今共為下(xia)(xia)游調蓄(xu)流量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1000立(li)方米每秒以上的(de)(de)洪(hong)峰(feng)18次(ci)，其中(zhong)(zhong)超(chao)過(guo)2000立(li)方米每秒流量(liang)5次(ci)，保護了(le)下(xia)(xia)游松(song)滋、公(gong)安(an)兩縣25萬人口(kou)和近(jin)30萬畝(mu)農田的(de)(de)安(an)全，特別是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1983年、1991~1995年三次(ci)大(da)的(de)(de)洪(hong)水中(zhong)(zhong)，為下(xia)(xia)游減少直接經濟損失在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2億(yi)元以上，并減輕了(le)對松(song)西(xi)河的(de)(de)洪(hong)水威(wei)脅(xie)。
水庫電(dian)(dian)站自1970年投入(ru)運行以來(lai)，累計發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)8.8億千瓦(wa)時(shi)，年均發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)在3500萬(wan)千瓦(wa)時(shi)左右，為工農業生產提(ti)供(gong)了(le)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能，創造(zao)了(le)良(liang)好的(de)社(she)會效(xiao)益。同時(shi)，還利用發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)尾水在七(qi)里廟、芭芒灘建了(le)兩座總裝(zhuang)機6臺、容量(liang)(liang)3900千瓦(wa)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)站。
水庫(ku)的水面(mian)和荒山禿嶺，自建(jian)庫(ku)以(yi)來也在逐漸被開發利用，庫(ku)區(qu)已(yi)栽植用材林4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)多畝，其中(zhong)柑桔面(mian)積9000畝。90%以(yi)上面(mian)積已(yi)披上綠裝，水庫(ku)管理(li)面(mian)積造林已(yi)達(da)l00%。年產柑桔可達(da)200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上(水庫(ku)40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)(jin))，其他水果50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)(jin)左右，捕撈(lao)成魚30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上。不僅(jin)創造了(le)良好的經濟(ji)效益，也改(gai)善了(le)生態環境。
庫區山青(qing)水(shui)秀(xiu)，氣(qi)候宜人(ren)，優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小氣(qi)候，恬靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境和遼闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)面、奇(qi)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶洞群，以及其(qi)他人(ren)文景(jing)觀，融(rong)為一(yi)體，吸引了(le)(le)不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中外(wai)游(you)客前來(lai)洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫考(kao)察、參觀旅游(you)。水(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然景(jing)色只(zhi)要進行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妝點，將(jiang)更添風采。目前，一(yi)個洈(wei)水(shui)旅游(you)熱點正在(zai)逐(zhu)步形成。灌區人(ren)民在(zai)各級黨委和政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導和關懷下(xia)，經(jing)過自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力，使(shi)過去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"水(shui)袋子(zi)、旱(han)包子(zi)、蟲(chong)窩子(zi)(血吸蟲(chong))"貧困落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面貌發生了(le)(le)根本變(bian)化(hua)，正在(zai)奔向小康之(zhi)路。廣大群眾(zhong)說:我(wo)們現在(zai)是(shi)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)，吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洈(wei)水(shui)糧，過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)日子(zi)，享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福。
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)還存(cun)在(zai)若干需(xu)要解決的問(wen)題:一(yi)是樞紐上游(you)的植被雖然有所改善(shan)，但淤積(ji)仍很嚴重，影(ying)響了有效水(shui)(shui)量(liang)，需(xu)要進一(yi)步做好上游(you)的水(shui)(shui)土保持工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo);二是上下(xia)游(you)防洪標準(zhun)(zhun)的差距很大(da)(da)，下(xia)游(you)河道堤防很不適應水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)防洪要求，需(xu)要加(jia)做工(gong)(gong)(gong)程提高標準(zhun)(zhun);三(san)是灌區(qu)配(pei)套(tao)還不十分完善(shan)，已配(pei)套(tao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程標準(zhun)(zhun)偏(pian)低，老(lao)化程度(du)日(ri)趨嚴重，勢(shi)必影(ying)響農灌效益，還有大(da)(da)量(liang)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)要做;四(si)是隨(sui)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)農業(ye)生產發(fa)展(zhan)，上游(you)各(ge)個地方(fang)的開發(fa)與防止水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)污染(ran)的矛(mao)盾將有發(fa)展(zhan)，保護水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會更加(jia)艱巨。
縱觀洈水水庫(ku)的發(fa)展，潛力很大，前(qian)景廣闊.只(zhi)要(yao)繼(ji)續發(fa)揚"團結奮進(jin)、改革創新、科(ke)學管理、實干興庫(ku)"的洈水精神，沿著水、農、工、商、游(you)的格局奮力拼搏，闊步前(qian)進(jin)，水庫(ku)必將發(fa)揮更好(hao)的綜合效益，為(wei)社會主義現代化建設作出更大的貢獻。
歲月靜好 
