工程作用
洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫是在洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域中游建壩攔洪，以灌溉為主，具有防洪、發電、養(yang)殖等綜合(he)效益的(de)大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)。庫區跨鄂湘兩省(sheng)的(de)五峰(feng)、松滋(zi)、石門、澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)四縣(xian)(xian)市(shi)，總庫容5.93億立方米，灌溉湖北松滋(zi)、公安和湖南澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)共52萬畝(mu)農田，發電裝機四臺，容量1.24萬千(qian)瓦。
修建歷程
一
洈(wei)水是洞庭湖(hu)四口水系松西(xi)(xi)河的(de)(de)(de)(de)支流(liu)，位于湖(hu)北省西(xi)(xi)南部和湖(hu)南省西(xi)(xi)北部交界處。發(fa)源于五峰清水灣，處于暴雨(yu)區范圍內，雨(yu)量(liang)充沛，多年(nian)(nian)平均來水9.42億立方米(mi)。建庫(ku)前每逢暴雨(yu)，山洪洶(xiong)涌，沿岸(an)平川沖漫(man)，下(xia)游近(jin)30萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)區洪澇成災(zai)。然而，洈(wei)水沿岸(an)丘陵、崗地，年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)又缺(que)水干旱，人(ren)(ren)畜飲水十(shi)分困難。群眾中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)傳(chuan)著這樣一首民(min)謠(yao):"一天大雨(yu)淹了田，五日(ri)無雨(yu)旱冒煙，十(shi)年(nian)(nian)就有九(jiu)不收，拖兒帶女逃荒年(nian)(nian)"。還(huan)因溪水的(de)(de)(de)(de)漲落(luo)頻(pin)繁，使(shi)下(xia)游10萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)王家大湖(hu)雜草(cao)叢生，釘螺繁殖，血吸蟲病(bing)害十(shi)分嚴(yan)重。有時水、旱、病(bing)三災(zai)并發(fa)，給沿流(liu)域(yu)數(shu)十(shi)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)帶來苦不堪言的(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)難和危(wei)害，故人(ren)(ren)們稱此(ci)河流(liu)為(wei)危(wei)害人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"危(wei)水"。無止境的(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)害，舊中(zhong)(zhong)國無法(fa)根治，人(ren)(ren)民(min)多少(shao)年(nian)(nian)夢(meng)寐以求治理洈(wei)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)夙愿無法(fa)實現(xian)。
新中國成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)后(hou)，黨和(he)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府十(shi)(shi)(shi)分關心(xin)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發治(zhi)(zhi)理，由于當時(shi)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，僅采取局(ju)部引排(pai)措施。1952年松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)紙廠河(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游雷打坑至廖(liao)家(jia)灣進行小改道(dao)，可縮(suo)短(duan)河(he)(he)(he)線8公(gong)里，翌年冬(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)洈(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)(he)改道(dao)指揮部，動工后(hou)不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)，因公(gong)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大德垸群眾(zhong)提出異議，后(hou)經荊(jing)州(zhou)專署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)出面(mian)調解無效而停工。1953年、1954年連續(xu)兩(liang)(liang)年旱澇成(cheng)(cheng)災(zai)，干部群眾(zhong)要求治(zhi)(zhi)理洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望更為迫切，特別是1954年的(de)(de)(de)(de)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)游十(shi)(shi)(shi)多個(ge)民(min)垸潰決，堵復工程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大，經松(song)、公(gong)兩(liang)(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織有關人(ren)(ren)員勘測提出方案，上(shang)(shang)報(bao)荊(jing)州(zhou)專署(shu)(shu)批(pi)準，決定(ding)從(cong)劉家(jia)小河(he)(he)(he)改道(dao)經青羊山到重(zhong)陽樹至公(gong)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鄭(zheng)家(jia)湖入老洈(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)(he)。專署(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)施工指揮部，饒民(min)太(tai)副(fu)(fu)專員兼(jian)指揮長(chang)，于當年農(nong)歷冬(dong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五日(ri)組(zu)(zu)織勞(lao)力(li)3萬人(ren)(ren)正(zheng)(zheng)式動工，不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)因大雪封(feng)凍(dong)，估計(ji)春節前不(bu)(bu)能解凍(dong)，又加之災(zai)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)力(li)、財(cai)力(li)困難，臘月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)饒副(fu)(fu)專員親(qin)臨工地通知(zhi)停工并作(zuo)善后(hou)處理。幾(ji)次改道(dao)均未成(cheng)(cheng)功，引起省(sheng)、地、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)各級領(ling)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視，決心(xin)采取根治(zhi)(zhi)措施。松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)于1956年組(zu)(zu)織兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)隊(dui)，從(cong)本流域出口至上(shang)(shang)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)主支流進行全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地形測量(liang)(liang)(liang)，搜集了(le)大量(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文、地質，及各種災(zai)害情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)(de)資料，在(zai)吸取過去(qu)經驗(yan)教訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，提出了(le)"上(shang)(shang)蓄下(xia)排(pai)，根治(zhi)(zhi)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合方案。1958年3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，專署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)派韓明炎工程(cheng)師率隊(dui)對洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域進行復勘，選定(ding)在(zai)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中游大巖咀修水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，于5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)26日(ri)編制洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)設計(ji)書，上(shang)(shang)報(bao)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳和(he)專署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)。同(tong)年6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳組(zu)(zu)織省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校師生(sheng)30余人(ren)(ren)到洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)，歷時(shi)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)完成(cheng)(cheng)任務。同(tong)期松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委派副(fu)(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長(chang)貢福珍帶隊(dui)作(zuo)施工準備(bei)工作(zuo)。8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)經荊(jing)州(zhou)地委批(pi)準組(zu)(zu)建(jian)施工指揮部，由松(song)、公(gong)兩(liang)(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織1.5萬勞(lao)力(li)，于9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)在(zai)"根治(zhi)(zhi)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，造(zao)福人(ren)(ren)民(min)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)口號聲中，正(zheng)(zheng)式動工興(xing)建(jian)。
二
洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規模較大(da)，任務(wu)艱巨(ju)，樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由3壩(一(yi)主(zhu)二副(fu))、5閘、1電站組成，灌區(qu)渠道分為七級，各種建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物1293座。在(zai)1958年(nian)修建(jian)(jian)這樣大(da)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)確實困難很多(duo)(duo)，主(zhu)要表現(xian)在(zai):一(yi)是(shi)當時(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)財力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)有限，動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)僅給(gei)20萬(wan)元器材包干經(jing)費，完全實行"民辦公助";二是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術力(li)(li)量比(bi)(bi)較薄弱，參(can)戰(zhan)人(ren)(ren)員沒有實踐(jian)經(jing)驗;三是(shi)流域(yu)在(zai)暴雨中心，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間(jian)如(ru)何(he)排除洪水(shui)威脅，困難重(zhong)重(zhong)。面臨這樣嚴(yan)峻的(de)形勢，松、公兩縣人(ren)(ren)民憑著對(dui)"根治洈(wei)水(shui)"的(de)強(qiang)烈愿望，以(yi)高度(du)的(de)社會主(zhu)義建(jian)(jian)設(she)熱(re)情和自(zi)(zi)我犧牲精神，投(tou)入(ru)洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。他們爭(zheng)先恐后報名參(can)戰(zhan)，生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具自(zi)(zi)己帶，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚材料自(zi)(zi)己籌，生活物資自(zi)(zi)己備，不計報酬，不辭勞(lao)(lao)(lao)苦，日以(yi)繼夜(ye)戰(zhan)斗在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間(jian)最多(duo)(duo)上勞(lao)(lao)(lao)力(li)(li)近5萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，干部與(yu)群眾打(da)成一(yi)片，同(tong)吃、同(tong)住、同(tong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)，傳統(tong)的(de)春節，民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不回家(jia)過年(nian)，指(zhi)揮長查(cha)遠澄更(geng)是(shi)與(yu)民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)甘(gan)共(gong)苦，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地度(du)過除夕之夜(ye)，干群一(yi)心建(jian)(jian)洈(wei)水(shui)，炮聲(sheng)動(dong)地土遮(zhe)天，人(ren)(ren)山(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)海，氣壯山(shan)(shan)河。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地深(shen)入(ru)持(chi)久地開展了以(yi)三高八比(bi)(bi)為內容(rong)，以(yi)百(連)千(組)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(紅旗人(ren)(ren))的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)競賽運(yun)動(dong)，一(yi)浪高過一(yi)浪。
在施工過程中，由于多種原因(yin)，工程歷經初建(jian)、續建(jian)、加固三個(ge)階段，但干(gan)部、群眾始終以飽(bao)滿(man)的(de)政(zheng)治熱情，發揚"一不怕苦(ku)，二不怕死"的(de)革命(ming)精神，戰天斗地，苦(ku)干(gan)加巧(qiao)干(gan)，涌現出了許多可歌可泣的(de)動人(ren)(ren)事(shi)跡和先(xian)進模范人(ren)(ren)物(wu)，有的(de)甚至獻出了寶貴的(de)生命(ming)，夙愿終于實現，功(gong)績永垂(chui)史冊。
洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)以主壩(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最為緊張(zhang)艱巨。圍(wei)堰導(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)證大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)順利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，對地(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)暴(bao)雨(yu)中心的(de)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來說，圍(wei)堰導(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)更有它的(de)特殊重要(yao)性(xing)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)對此十分(fen)重視(shi)，為此，在(zai)壩(ba)址上(shang)游1000米(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)設(she)圍(wei)堰引排，加大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)300立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每秒(miao)，組織(zhi)2000人日(ri)夜(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。圍(wei)堰尚未竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，于10月(yue)13日(ri)一天降雨(yu)104.6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，產(chan)生流(liu)量(liang)(liang)904立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每秒(miao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)連夜(ye)組織(zhi)6000人搶(qiang)筑，終因(yin)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)過猛，搶(qiang)筑不(bu)(bu)及，漫堤崩潰。造成(cheng)(cheng)下游的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)物質器(qi)材被洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)沖走，還沖走一民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，下落不(bu)(bu)明(ming)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)雖遭多次洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)襲擊，但(dan)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)下，民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)氣餒，連續作戰，幾經堵(du)復，終于初戰告捷(jie)，圍(wei)堰導(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)，使大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)得(de)以順利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。堵(du)口(kou)合(he)(he)龍(long)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)最為關鍵又(you)最為緊張(zhang)的(de)時(shi)刻，由于當時(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辦(ban)鋼鐵的(de)需要(yao)，勞力幾上(shang)幾下，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度緩慢，而省(sheng)、地(di)(di)委(wei)要(yao)求1960年冬必須完成(cheng)(cheng)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務，爭取(qu)部分(fen)受益。在(zai)1959年冬，面對著(zhu)合(he)(he)龍(long)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)填筑任(ren)(ren)(ren)務跟(gen)不(bu)(bu)上(shang)，不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)龍(long)則已獲(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)果保(bao)(bao)(bao)不(bu)(bu)住(zhu)，會前功(gong)盡棄的(de)情況，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)會同技(ji)術人員經過反(fan)復研究，報(bao)經上(shang)級同意(yi)，采取(qu)如(ru)下措施(shi)(shi)(shi):一是降低高程(cheng)(cheng)，縮小斷(duan)面，做(zuo)至90米(mi)(mi)高程(cheng)(cheng)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)百年一遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)渡過汛期;二是保(bao)(bao)(bao)證土(tu)(tu)方(fang)進度，采取(qu)縮短土(tu)(tu)方(fang)運距，加強(qiang)(qiang)勞力組合(he)(he)，改革運輸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，確(que)(que)立日(ri)升(sheng)尺度，并同民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位的(de)公社黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)書記(ji)簽訂(ding)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務合(he)(he)同書，雙方(fang)明(ming)確(que)(que)職責(ze)，請縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政(zheng)府、檢察(cha)院監督實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，強(qiang)(qiang)化責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)兌現;三是做(zuo)好(hao)合(he)(he)龍(long)前一切準備，根據流(liu)域降水(shui)(shui)特點，決定(ding)1960年2月(yue)2日(ri)合(he)(he)龍(long)。
整個合(he)龍(long)是一(yi)個與天(tian)斗與地斗的(de)艱巨緊張(zhang)過程，2月2日上午7時(shi)，圍堰截流，5日正式進土，7日工(gong)(gong)地召開合(he)龍(long)慶典動員誓師大會，打響了馴(xun)服洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、造福人(ren)民的(de)攻堅戰(zhan)。經13個日夜苦(ku)戰(zhan)，高(gao)(gao)程筑(zhu)至(zhi)70米時(shi)，15至(zhi)17日連(lian)降大雨，庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)迅(xun)漲至(zhi)68米，而且(qie)還在繼續上漲，形勢非常險(xian)惡，施工(gong)(gong)萬分緊張(zhang)，指揮部及(ji)時(shi)采取非常措施，在迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面搶(qiang)筑(zhu)子(zi)埂(geng)擋住洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，干群合(he)力投入(ru)戰(zhan)斗，不顧(gu)泥滑雨淋，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漲堤(di)高(gao)(gao)，終(zhong)于(yu)戰(zhan)勝洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。經過3、4兩個月施工(gong)(gong)，大壩達到90米脫險(xian)高(gao)(gao)程，為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建設的(de)成功作出了貢獻(xian)。
灌(guan)區(qu)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)工(gong)程以(yi)(yi)北(bei)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)施(shi)工(gong)為最(zui)難(nan)，主(zhu)支(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)101公(gong)里，有90%是盤山開渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，劈開山埡79處，最(zui)高達21米(mi)，鑿(zao)穿隧(sui)道(dao)17處，總(zong)長(chang)(chang)達2769米(mi)，架(jia)設渡槽6座(zuo)，總(zong)長(chang)(chang)1544米(mi)，填筑(zhu)大(da)山沖(chong)(chong)44處。特別是打隧(sui)洞(dong)用(yong)土(tu)(tu)法施(shi)工(gong)，還遇到流砂層、破碎帶等多處險(xian)段，依靠群眾(zhong)的(de)智慧(hui)和(he)力(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)，戰(zhan)勝了各種困難(nan)，按(an)計劃完(wan)成(cheng)了任務(wu)。南干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)施(shi)工(gong)速度最(zui)快，全長(chang)(chang)94公(gong)里，在(zai)(zai)1965年(nian)(nian)樞紐續建時(shi)相繼開工(gong)，僅(jin)用(yong)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)半的(de)時(shi)間完(wan)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)433萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，混凝土(tu)(tu)4054立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，砌(qi)石(shi)9700立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，還架(jia)設全灌(guan)區(qu)最(zui)長(chang)(chang)(875米(mi))、最(zui)高(31米(mi))的(de)渡槽一(yi)座(zuo)，開通各類渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系262.5公(gong)里，1966年(nian)(nian)5月建成(cheng)通水(shui)。澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)挖填量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大(da).南北(bei)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)受益(yi)(yi)后，澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)因連(lian)續幾年(nian)(nian)干(gan)旱(han)，涔北(bei)地(di)區(qu)又(you)無其他水(shui)源，群眾(zhong)迫(po)切要求興建澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。常德地(di)委、澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)委十(shi)分重視(shi)，在(zai)(zai)財力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)極(ji)端困難(nan)的(de)情況下，依靠群眾(zhong)的(de)力(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)，以(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)為主(zhu)，采取"臺渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)代渡槽，大(da)挖代隧(sui)洞(dong)"，劈山、填沖(chong)(chong)、筑(zhu)嶺，僅(jin)用(yong)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)的(de)時(shi)間開通了65公(gong)里渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道(dao)，使灌(guan)區(qu)及早(zao)受益(yi)(yi)。該干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)能夠快速完(wan)工(gong)，與松滋(zi)(zi)縣(xian)(xian)委和(he)當(dang)地(di)政(zheng)府的(de)大(da)力(li)(li)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)是分不開的(de)，在(zai)(zai)建庫時(shi)澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)(min)顧(gu)全大(da)局(ju)，承擔了淹沒(mei)及移民(min)(min)損失，所以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)修干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)，松滋(zi)(zi)人(ren)民(min)(min)積極(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，盡早(zao)受益(yi)(yi)，無論在(zai)(zai)占壓(ya)良田、挖填山地(di)、搬遷農(nong)戶和(he)民(min)(min)工(gong)住房等方(fang)(fang)面都作了大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)工(gong)作，使工(gong)程順利實施(shi)，體現(xian)了松澧(li)人(ren)民(min)(min)相互支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)、團結治水(shui)的(de)好風尚。
洈水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)能在(zai)困難(nan)的(de)(de)條件下(xia)(xia)進行施工(gong)，主要(yao)是在(zai)地、縣委(wei)的(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)下(xia)(xia)，工(gong)地黨(dang)委(wei)依靠干(gan)部、技術人(ren)員、群眾(zhong)三結合，遵循科學規律，發(fa)揚(yang)艱苦(ku)奮(fen)斗、自(zi)力更生的(de)(de)精(jing)神，發(fa)揮了(le)(le)集體智慧和力量(liang)。工(gong)程(cheng)從l958年初步設計(ji)到1965年續(xu)(xu)(xu)建(jian)(jian)修改設計(ji)和1974年整(zheng)險加(jia)(jia)固設計(ji)，經過反(fan)復多(duo)次多(duo)處修改補充，逐步趨向完(wan)善合理。如(ru)主壩原(yuan)設計(ji)為粘(zhan)土(tu)均(jun)質壩，在(zai)續(xu)(xu)(xu)建(jian)(jian)時(shi)考(kao)慮到北端土(tu)源缺乏(fa)，改為粘(zhan)土(tu)代料組合壩，縮短(duan)運距(ju)，節省土(tu)方量(liang)，加(jia)(jia)快了(le)(le)施工(gong)速度。溢洪道(dao)(dao)原(yuan)址定在(zai)野雞(ji)凹(ao)，在(zai)續(xu)(xu)(xu)建(jian)(jian)時(shi)因孫(sun)(sun)家(jia)(jia)溪臨時(shi)泄(xie)洪沖深沖寬，巖石裸露，便因地制宜(yi)將(jiang)溢洪道(dao)(dao)址改在(zai)孫(sun)(sun)家(jia)(jia)溪，既減(jian)少(shao)新的(de)(de)開(kai)挖量(liang)，又減(jian)少(shao)孫(sun)(sun)家(jia)(jia)溪的(de)(de)填筑(zhu)量(liang)，符(fu)合客觀實(shi)際。特別是灌(guan)區續(xu)(xu)(xu)建(jian)(jian)時(shi)，經指揮長涂一元帶領(ling)技術人(ren)員反(fan)復勘測，決定抬高渠(qu)底1米，既可將(jiang)灌(guan)溉面積增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)8萬畝，又可減(jian)少(shao)渠(qu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)挖填量(liang)，這次修改符(fu)合長遠利(li)益，深得灌(guan)區人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)贊(zan)揚(yang)。
在(zai)大施(shi)工期間(jian)，工地黨委發動群眾，依靠群眾，開展了(le)(le)大規模的工具改革(ge)(ge)，利用(yong)庫(ku)內、灌區的樹木作原料，曾(ceng)進(jin)行(xing)過斗車化(hua)、軌道(dao)化(hua)、板車化(hua)等(deng)項改革(ge)(ge)。但(dan)因(yin)行(xing)程(cheng)遠(yuan)、坡(po)陡(dou)、卸料困難(nan)以及(ji)勞力擁擠諸(zhu)多矛盾，未能廣泛(fan)使用(yong)。后來因(yin)地制(zhi)宜，使用(yong)木制(zhi)手推(tui)獨輪車，在(zai)大壩推(tui)土效果良(liang)好，小(xiao)巧玲瓏，一人(ren)操作，裝卸方(fang)便，不擇道(dao)路(lu)，坡(po)陡(dou)可繞"之"字路(lu)而行(xing)，載重250公斤，大大減輕了(le)(le)勞動強度(du)，提(ti)高了(le)(le)工效。
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)建設，黨和(he)(he)各級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府給(gei)(gei)予(yu)極大(da)的(de)(de)支持和(he)(he)關(guan)懷。在(zai)(zai)初建、續建、加固三個階段中，水(shui)(shui)(shui)利部部長(chang)錢正英、副部長(chang)李伯寧(ning)，湖北省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)張體學(xue)、副省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)夏世厚和(he)(he)湖南省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)府領(ling)導(dao)都曾親(qin)臨(lin)工(gong)地(di)指(zhi)導(dao)，省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳和(he)(he)地(di)、縣委(wei)領(ling)導(dao)多次到工(gong)地(di)檢(jian)查指(zhi)導(dao)、慰問和(he)(he)幫助解決具體問題。在(zai)(zai)續建時荊州地(di)委(wei)派地(di)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局局長(chang)任(ren)指(zhi)揮長(chang)，并組織有(you)關(guan)部門的(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)和(he)(he)大(da)批技術人(ren)員參(can)加洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)施工(gong)。松滋縣委(wei)、政(zheng)(zheng)府更(geng)是要人(ren)上人(ren)、要物給(gei)(gei)物，保證了工(gong)程的(de)(de)順利施工(gong)。公安、澧(li)縣縣委(wei)同樣對水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建設十分關(guan)心(xin)，給(gei)(gei)予(yu)了極大(da)的(de)(de)支持，形(xing)成了"湘鄂人(ren)民心(xin)連(lian)心(xin)，團(tuan)結治(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)情誼深"的(de)(de)良好風范，在(zai)(zai)管理中更(geng)好地(di)發揚治(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、用水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)盤棋(qi)的(de)(de)好傳(chuan)統，受到部、省(sheng)(sheng)多次好評。
水庫建設過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，曾遇到(dao)過許多(duo)矛(mao)盾和(he)問題(ti)。1958年(nian)(nian)水庫開(kai)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)不(bu)久(jiu)，正(zheng)值全(quan)(quan)國(guo)開(kai)展(zhan)大(da)辦(ban)(ban)鋼鐵，施工(gong)(gong)只(zhi)好讓(rang)路，已經(jing)(jing)上(shang)來的(de)(de)勞(lao)力(li)抽調(diao)大(da)批支援辦(ban)(ban)鋼鐵，使原(yuan)計(ji)劃上(shang)8萬(wan)人減到(dao)只(zhi)上(shang)1.5萬(wan)人，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)能(neng)按計(ji)劃進行。同(tong)時(shi)因勞(lao)力(li)不(bu)足，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進展(zhan)緩(huan)慢，到(dao)1959年(nian)(nian)初大(da)壩合(he)龍(long)(long)還是(shi)不(bu)合(he)龍(long)(long)面(mian)臨兩(liang)種選擇。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這一(yi)(yi)關鍵時(shi)刻，工(gong)(gong)地黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)班人以對黨(dang)對人民高度負責(ze)的(de)(de)精神和(he)求實(shi)的(de)(de)態度，同(tong)技術人員(yuan)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)根據洈水上(shang)游(you)降水規(gui)律，分(fen)析合(he)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)必要(yao)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)采取縮窄斷面(mian)、縮短運(yun)距等(deng)多(duo)種措(cuo)施，論證(zheng)合(he)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)可行性(xing)。前(qian)后(hou)方黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)研究決(jue)定全(quan)(quan)黨(dang)動員(yuan)、全(quan)(quan)民動員(yuan)，組織一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)人力(li)、物力(li)為合(he)龍(long)(long)提(ti)供可靠保(bao)證(zheng)，報經(jing)(jing)上(shang)級黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)批準，實(shi)施了(le)合(he)龍(long)(long)保(bao)成果(guo)的(de)(de)方案。實(shi)踐證(zheng)明這一(yi)(yi)決(jue)策是(shi)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)，它充分(fen)體現(xian)了(le)尊重(zhong)科學和(he)依靠人民群眾的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)，是(shi)領導(dao)科學指導(dao)實(shi)踐成功的(de)(de)范例。在(zai)(zai)(zai)續建中(zhong)正(zheng)值全(quan)(quan)國(guo)開(kai)展(zhan)設計(ji)革命，由于認識有些不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致，在(zai)(zai)(zai)設計(ji)中(zhong)出現(xian)了(le)片面(mian)求省(sheng)，使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)標(biao)準偏低。1970年(nian)(nian)基本(ben)建成運(yun)用以后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量出現(xian)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)問題(ti)，被列為全(quan)(quan)國(guo)病險(xian)庫之一(yi)(yi)。后(hou)來經(jing)(jing)過五年(nian)(nian)整險(xian)加固，才使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完全(quan)(quan)符合(he)安全(quan)(quan)標(biao)準。
經(jing)過近15年(nian)的(de)艱苦奮斗，國家總(zong)投資(zi)2915.44萬元，地(di)方(fang)(fang)自籌(chou)403.4萬元。群眾投工3220.11萬個(ge)，完成(cheng)土石(shi)方(fang)(fang)2528.52萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。壩體(ti)總(zong)量532萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)米、長度1640米的(de)主壩巍巍屹立(li)于洈水河谷之上，7公里(li)多(duo)的(de)副壩蜿蜒在山嶺(ling)之中(zhong)，使洈水這條(tiao)"孽龍"從此聽(ting)憑調遣。三條(tiao)總(zong)長263公里(li)的(de)干渠(qu)似長龍伸(shen)延于鄂湘兩(liang)省交界的(de)山地(di)間，滋潤著萬頃(qing)農田(tian)。發電(dian)站輸出巨(ju)大(da)的(de)電(dian)能，似閃耀明珠(zhu)普照山鄉(xiang)，人(ren)民(min)齊頌共產黨，載歌載舞慶豐年(nian)。
三
地(di)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作十分重(zhong)視(shi)。早在(zai)建庫初期，就(jiu)由松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)建立了松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)大(da)巖咀(ju)水(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處，人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)指(zhi)揮部內(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，經(jing)費由縣(xian)財政開支。1959年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)19日接(jie)收勝利公(gong)社(she)為水(shui)(shui)庫所轄(xia)，建立畜牧場、林場。1960年(nian)(nian)大(da)壩(ba)合龍以后，庫內(nei)蓄水(shui)(shui)，南(nan)、北閘及(ji)發電引水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已建成(cheng)，地(di)委(wei)(wei)委(wei)(wei)托(tuo)松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)正式成(cheng)立洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處，并(bing)將勝利、建設公(gong)社(she)劃(hua)歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，1961年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)又將庫周大(da)巖咀(ju)公(gong)社(she)、坪山公(gong)社(she)劃(hua)歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)庫一(yi)并(bing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。1962年(nian)(nian)因受自然災害影響，無法(fa)繼續(xu)(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)下馬，水(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)縮減，所轄(xia)公(gong)社(she)交給西(xi)齋區管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，保留(liu)(liu)一(yi)個林場。水(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處行(xing)(xing)使建設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的留(liu)(liu)守和(he)已建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)任務(wu)。1965年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)續(xu)(xu)建，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處歸(gui)并(bing)指(zhi)揮部，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)一(yi)齊抓。1970年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)庫基(ji)本建成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處才充實人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，獨立行(xing)(xing)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)職責和(he)承擔遺留(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的建設。1972年(nian)(nian)，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規模(mo)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)任務(wu)的需(xu)要，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處改屬(shu)地(di)區水(shui)(shui)利局(ju)直接(jie)領導，為地(di)區二級單位。1992年(nian)(nian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處改為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)局(ju)，定為正縣(xian)級單位，荊沙市(shi)合并(bing)后更名(ming)為"洈水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)局(ju)"。在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體制上，本著誰受益誰管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，統一(yi)領導，分級負責的原則(ze)，逐步趨(qu)向(xiang)完善。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)局(ju)對(dui)樞紐灌(guan)區以及(ji)水(shui)(shui)、電、漁等實行(xing)(xing)統一(yi)領導和(he)經(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。但對(dui)灌(guan)區干(gan)渠屬(shu)于(yu)一(yi)個縣(xian)受益的部分劃(hua)歸(gui)該縣(xian)直接(jie)主管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)局(ju)在(zai)業務(wu)上進(jin)行(xing)(xing)指(zhi)導，這(zhe)樣有利于(yu)調動(dong)地(di)方(fang)修渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)的積極(ji)性。 -
水(shui)庫從初(chu)建、續(xu)建到1970年(nian)基(ji)本竣工，遺留(liu)下的(de)尾(wei)巴工程很大(da)，"北干"尚未(wei)通(tong)水(shui)，"南干"配套(tao)不全，"澧干"沒(mei)有(you)開工，大(da)壩觀測設(she)(she)施未(wei)建，因此二十多年(nian)的(de)運用過程是個邊(bian)管理、邊(bian)配套(tao)、邊(bian)建設(she)(she)、邊(bian)發揮工程效益(yi)(yi)的(de)過程。為(wei)提高防洪(hong)標(biao)準(zhun)和工程質量，更好(hao)地(di)發揮工程效益(yi)(yi).在管理期間進(jin)行了(le)(le)整險加固(gu)設(she)(she)計與(yu)施工。對(dui)工程禁(jin)腳和保護范圍，地(di)方政(zheng)府也十分(fen)關心(xin)和支持，分(fen)別以松(song)會水(shui)字[1966]144號和松(song)革水(shui)字[1971]113號文作(zuo)了(le)(le)明確規定，為(wei)管好(hao)工程創(chuang)造了(le)(le)有(you)利(li)條件(jian)。
管理局對(dui)工程的(de)監(jian)測(ce)十(shi)分重視(shi)，在(zai)接受(shou)管理任務(wu)后(hou)及(ji)時建起了(le)大壩(ba)(ba)的(de)沉陷、位移(yi)、滲(shen)漏(lou)等觀測(ce)設(she)(she)施，并建立專班進行觀測(ce)，編寫(xie)了(le)大量資(zi)料(liao)，為(wei)整險加固(gu)(gu)設(she)(she)計(ji)提供了(le)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)依據。在(zai)加固(gu)(gu)中又建起了(le)浸潤線和壩(ba)(ba)基滲(shen)漏(lou)等觀測(ce)設(she)(she)施，這些監(jian)測(ce)設(she)(she)施的(de)建立與(yu)操作(zuo)，對(dui)工程管理發揮了(le)極為(wei)有效的(de)作(zuo)用。同時，為(wei)清除壩(ba)(ba)身(shen)隱患，組織(zhi)專班開展(zhan)了(le)防治白蟻的(de)工作(zuo)。
洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫汛期調度(du)權限(xian)由(you)(you)地區防汛指(zhi)(zhi)揮部(bu)統一掌握，為(wei)(wei)(wei)加強防汛工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)，地委每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)委托松滋縣委的(de)(de)主要負責(ze)人擔任指(zhi)(zhi)揮長(chang)。在(zai)運用初期，由(you)(you)于多種(zhong)原(yuan)因，規定(ding)汛限(xian)水(shui)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)90米(mi)(設計92米(mi))，1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)加固竣工(gong)后，提高(gao)到93米(mi)，經(jing)1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)大洪水(shui)和93米(mi)以(yi)上水(shui)位43天(tian)的(de)(de)考(kao)驗，工(gong)程(cheng)是安全(quan)的(de)(de)，但對下游防洪的(de)(de)調度(du)余地小，因此(ci)正式確(que)定(ding)按92米(mi)運行。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)由(you)(you)于通訊(xun)監測手(shou)段(duan)的(de)(de)提高(gao)，視天(tian)氣情(qing)況，允許浮動(dong)0.5米(mi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)做好調度(du)運用工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，管理局從擔負管理職責(ze)開始，即著手(shou)開展(zhan)洪水(shui)預(yu)報，編制(zhi)調度(du)方案，先后在(zai)庫區上游建(jian)立了(le)(le)觀測站(zhan)網和通訊(xun)聯系網絡(luo)，近年(nian)(nian)(nian)又將無線電傳遞改為(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)動(dong)遙(yao)測系統，大大提高(gao)了(le)(le)監控功能。并根據多年(nian)(nian)(nian)探索本流域(yu)的(de)(de)降水(shui)規律，總結(jie)出了(le)(le)"低(di)水(shui)迎汛，中(zhong)水(shui)保(bao)灌，高(gao)水(shui)越冬"的(de)(de)調度(du)原(yuan)則，極(ji)大地提高(gao)了(le)(le)灌溉和發(fa)電的(de)(de)保(bao)證率，以(yi)及防洪錯峰的(de)(de)綜合效(xiao)益。
農田(tian)灌(guan)(guan)溉是洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的主要任務，受(shou)益(yi)初期(qi)，因工程配(pei)(pei)套(tao)(tao)不全，加之"吃大(da)鍋(guo)飯，喝(he)大(da)鍋(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)"，從育(yu)秧開始(shi)到晚(wan)稻收割，年(nian)(nian)放水(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)135天以上，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)耗(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)2.5億立(li)方米左(zuo)右(you)，最高(gao)(gao)達3.36億立(li)方米。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)無節制地放水(shui)(shui)(shui)，不僅浪費大(da)量(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源，也(ye)使部分農田(tian)冷浸受(shou)害(hai)，還出現1972年(nian)(nian)、1974年(nian)(nian)在(zai)庫內(nei)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)，耗(hao)資40萬元的情(qing)況(kuang)。為此(ci)，管理單(dan)位在(zai)灌(guan)(guan)區進行了(le)大(da)量(liang)(liang)工程配(pei)(pei)套(tao)(tao)，并借鑒外(wai)地計(ji)量(liang)(liang)收費經驗，結(jie)合洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)，制訂了(le)各項(xiang)管理規章，從1982年(nian)(nian)開始(shi)全灌(guan)(guan)區實(shi)(shi)行"按田(tian)配(pei)(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、計(ji)量(liang)(liang)收費"。隨著用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收費制度改革(ge)和渠道配(pei)(pei)套(tao)(tao)不斷完善提高(gao)(gao)，使用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)1.5億立(li)方米以下，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)每年(nian)(nian)可增(zeng)加發電量(liang)(liang)1000千(qian)瓦時(shi)以上，既提高(gao)(gao)了(le)灌(guan)(guan)溉保證率，又增(zeng)加了(le)管理單(dan)位的經濟收入。
為保(bao)證工(gong)程的(de)完整(zheng)與(yu)常新，本著(zhu)"功在平日，貴在堅持"的(de)原則(ze)，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)對(dui)工(gong)程進行了精心(xin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，采取年歲修(xiu)、季小修(xiu)、月維修(xiu)以及隨壞隨修(xiu)的(de)方式，不斷進行整(zheng)治保(bao)養提(ti)高。并規定達到壩面無坑洼，背坡無雜草，護坡無散石，溝道(dao)無阻塞，設備完好(hao)，運用靈活，面貌常新等(deng)多(duo)種目標(biao)要求，進而(er)完善提(ti)高為全面目標(biao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)責任制，有效地提(ti)高了管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作水平。
水力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)是水庫(ku)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部分，施工期間僅裝機3臺(tai)，容(rong)量(liang)9200千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，于(yu)1970年4月相(xiang)繼(ji)投入運(yun)行，1976年自籌資金(jin)110萬(wan)元(yuan)，安裝了(le)(le)第4臺(tai)機組，容(rong)量(liang)3200千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。水庫(ku)管理局依(yi)據保安全、保農(nong)灌、兼顧防洪，爭(zheng)取多發(fa)(fa)電(dian)和(he)效(xiao)益服從安全的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，精心調(diao)度。現(xian)年均發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)已(yi)近4000千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時。為照顧地方(fang)用(yong)電(dian)，早在(zai)1971年電(dian)站運(yun)行不久，經(jing)省電(dian)力(li)(li)廳趙墨軒副廳長同意，為解決(jue)西齋、大巖咀兩鄉鎮的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)問題，開始架臨時線路(lu)，并(bing)用(yong)200千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓器，解決(jue)照明，逐步發(fa)(fa)展為西齋供(gong)電(dian)所，現(xian)有35千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)變(bian)電(dian)站一座(zuo)，容(rong)量(liang)8000千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)安，還有大巖咀、豹子嶺兩處開關(guan)站，年供(gong)電(dian)量(liang)3000萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時以上，占發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)80%，形成了(le)(le)發(fa)(fa)供(gong)電(dian)一條龍(long)，有力(li)(li)地支持了(le)(le)地方(fang)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，也增強了(le)(le)自身經(jing)濟活力(li)(li)。
在(zai)搞(gao)好工(gong)程管理，確保工(gong)程安(an)全的(de)前(qian)提下，充分(fen)利用水(shui)、土、電(dian)的(de)資源優勢，堅(jian)持以發展(zhan)(zhan)經濟為(wei)中心，本(ben)著鞏固(gu)發供(gong)電(dian)支柱，增強種養(yang)業(ye)(ye)基礎，加(jia)(jia)快第三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)指導思(si)想，開發了農供(gong)水(shui)、發供(gong)電(dian)、工(gong)加(jia)(jia)建、種養(yang)飲、商貿(mao)游等多(duo)門路的(de)經營生產(chan)，使自身效(xiao)益不斷提高，由1980年的(de)年產(chan)值(zhi)344萬元逐步增加(jia)(jia)到1995年的(de)2380萬元。
在(zai)抓(zhua)物(wu)質文明(ming)(ming)建設(she)的(de)(de)同(tong)時，始終堅持抓(zhua)精神文明(ming)(ming)建設(she)，加強(qiang)(qiang)和(he)完善黨的(de)(de)領導，注(zhu)重領導班子自身(shen)建設(she)，注(zhu)意加強(qiang)(qiang)思想(xiang)政治工作(zuo)。不斷深化內部經營機制改革，建立健全(quan)各項行為(wei)規范，增強(qiang)(qiang)凝聚力和(he)責(ze)任(ren)感，促進(jin)全(quan)面進(jin)步(bu)。由(you)于出(chu)色的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)，《中國水(shui)(shui)(shui)利報》曾以"凝聚力、責(ze)任(ren)制、好氛圍"為(wei)題報道了洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。管(guan)理(li)局(ju)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后被水(shui)(shui)(shui)利部評(ping)為(wei)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)管(guan)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位、部一(yi)級(ji)管(guan)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位和(he)全(quan)國先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)灌區(qu)、先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)集體、省農(nong)業先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)單(dan)(dan)位、省綠(lv)化先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)單(dan)(dan)位、省農(nong)口系統先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站和(he)地區(qu)綜(zong)合經營先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)單(dan)(dan)位、文明(ming)(ming)單(dan)(dan)位等(deng)，1986~1995年(nian)全(quan)省大型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫千分制四屆考評(ping)中連續四次評(ping)為(wei)第一(yi)名。
四
洈水水庫的經營(ying)在經費由補差、自(zi)給到逐步走向良性循環的過程(cheng)中，特別(bie)注重發揮(hui)水庫的工(gong)程(cheng)效(xiao)益和社會綜(zong)合效(xiao)益。
水庫自1966年(nian)開(kai)灌(guan)近10萬畝(mu)(mu)農田受(shou)益以來，隨著工(gong)程的完善以及山荒面積的墾殖擴(kuo)大，現灌(guan)溉農田已達50萬畝(mu)(mu)，截至1994年(nian)底(di)，共為灌(guan)區供水45.6億(yi)立方米，以起(qi)灌(guan)為基數，累(lei)計因(yin)水利作用(yong)增產糧食23億(yi)公(gong)斤(jin)。
水(shui)庫在(zai)汛期發揮了(le)(le)應有防洪作用，自1970年(nian)至今共(gong)為下游(you)調蓄流量(liang)在(zai)1000立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)以(yi)上的(de)洪峰18次(ci)，其中超過(guo)2000立(li)方米(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)流量(liang)5次(ci)，保護了(le)(le)下游(you)松滋、公(gong)安(an)兩縣25萬(wan)人(ren)口和近(jin)30萬(wan)畝(mu)農(nong)田(tian)的(de)安(an)全，特別是在(zai)1983年(nian)、1991~1995年(nian)三次(ci)大的(de)洪水(shui)中，為下游(you)減少直接經濟(ji)損失(shi)在(zai)2億元以(yi)上，并減輕了(le)(le)對松西(xi)河的(de)洪水(shui)威脅。
水(shui)庫電站(zhan)自1970年投(tou)入(ru)運行以來(lai)，累計發(fa)(fa)電量8.8億千(qian)瓦(wa)時，年均發(fa)(fa)電量在3500萬千(qian)瓦(wa)時左(zuo)右，為工(gong)農業生產提供了有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)電能(neng)，創(chuang)造(zao)了良好的(de)(de)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益。同時，還(huan)利(li)用發(fa)(fa)電尾水(shui)在七里廟、芭芒灘建了兩座總裝機(ji)6臺、容量3900千(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電站(zhan)。
水(shui)庫(ku)的水(shui)面(mian)(mian)和荒山禿嶺(ling)，自建(jian)庫(ku)以來也在逐漸被開(kai)發(fa)利用，庫(ku)區已栽植用材林4萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)畝(mu)(mu)，其中柑(gan)桔(jie)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)9000畝(mu)(mu)。90%以上(shang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)已披上(shang)綠裝，水(shui)庫(ku)管理面(mian)(mian)積(ji)造(zao)(zao)林已達l00%。年產柑(gan)桔(jie)可達200萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上(shang)(水(shui)庫(ku)40萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin))，其他水(shui)果50萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左右，捕撈成魚(yu)30萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上(shang)。不僅(jin)創造(zao)(zao)了(le)良好的經濟效益，也改善了(le)生態(tai)環境。
庫區山青水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)秀(xiu)，氣(qi)候宜人(ren)，優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)小氣(qi)候，恬靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)和遼闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面、奇特的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)洞(dong)群(qun)，以及其他人(ren)文景(jing)觀，融為一體，吸引(yin)了不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)中外游客前來(lai)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫考(kao)察(cha)、參觀旅游。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然景(jing)色只要進(jin)行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)妝點，將(jiang)更添風采。目前，一個洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)旅游熱點正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)逐步形成。灌區人(ren)民在(zai)(zai)各級黨委和政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導和關懷下(xia)，經過(guo)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力，使過(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)"水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋子、旱包子、蟲(chong)窩(wo)子(血吸蟲(chong))"貧(pin)困落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)面貌(mao)發生了根本變化，正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)奔向小康(kang)之路(lu)。廣大群(qun)眾說:我們現在(zai)(zai)是喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)糧(liang)，過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好日子，享的(de)(de)(de)(de)共產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)福。
洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫還存在若干需要(yao)(yao)(yao)解決的(de)問題:一是樞紐上(shang)游(you)的(de)植(zhi)被雖然有(you)所改善(shan)，但淤積仍很(hen)嚴重(zhong)，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)了有(you)效水(shui)(shui)量(liang)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)進一步做好上(shang)游(you)的(de)水(shui)(shui)土保持工作(zuo)(zuo);二(er)是上(shang)下游(you)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)標準(zhun)的(de)差距很(hen)大(da)，下游(you)河(he)道堤防(fang)很(hen)不(bu)適(shi)應水(shui)(shui)庫防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)加做工程提高(gao)標準(zhun);三是灌區配(pei)套(tao)還不(bu)十分完善(shan)，已配(pei)套(tao)工程標準(zhun)偏(pian)低，老(lao)化程度日趨(qu)嚴重(zhong)，勢必影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)農灌效益(yi)，還有(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做;四是隨著工農業生產發(fa)展(zhan)，上(shang)游(you)各個地方(fang)的(de)開發(fa)與防(fang)止水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源污染的(de)矛盾將(jiang)有(you)發(fa)展(zhan)，保護(hu)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)會更加艱(jian)巨。
縱觀(guan)洈(wei)水水庫(ku)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，潛力很大(da)(da)，前景廣(guang)闊.只要繼續發(fa)揚"團結奮進、改革創(chuang)新(xin)、科學(xue)管理、實干興(xing)庫(ku)"的(de)(de)洈(wei)水精神，沿著水、農(nong)、工(gong)、商、游的(de)(de)格局奮力拼搏，闊步(bu)前進，水庫(ku)必將發(fa)揮更好的(de)(de)綜(zong)合效益，為社會主義(yi)現(xian)代化建設作出(chu)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)貢獻。
歲月靜好 
