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基本信息

棉(mian)花(hua)灘水電站(zhan)年發電量15.2億kW·h，工程以發電為(wei)主，兼有防洪(hong)、航運、水產養殖功能。

水(shui)(shui)庫淹沒耕(geng)地2150公頃，遷移人口(kou)38000余人。工(gong)程于(yu)1997年開工(gong)，計劃2001年4月第(di)一(yi)臺機組發電(dian)，2002年2月全部(bu)竣(jun)工(gong)。　壩(ba)址(zhi)兩岸山體雄厚(hou)，河谷基本對稱(cheng)，呈"V"字型，坡度25°～45°。基巖(yan)為黑(hei)云母花崗巖(yan)，雖有斷(duan)層和(he)破碎帶(dai)發育，但無大的不利構(gou)造(zao)(zao)，且膠結較好。壩(ba)址(zhi)區(qu)處(chu)于(yu)區(qu)域地質構(gou)造(zao)(zao)相對穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)區(qu)，庫區(qu)不存在(zai)水(shui)(shui)庫滲漏和(he)大規模庫岸失穩(wen)(wen)問(wen)題(ti)。　壩(ba)址(zhi)以上(shang)控制流域面積7907平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)，水(shui)(shui)庫正常蓄水(shui)(shui)位173.0m，死水(shui)(shui)位146.0m，調節(jie)庫容11.22億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，校核(he)洪水(shui)(shui)位177.8m，相應的總庫容20.35億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。多年平(ping)均(jun)徑流量(liang)73.2億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，壩(ba)址(zhi)多年平(ping)均(jun)流量(liang)232立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒。流域內(nei)年降雨(yu)量(liang)1657mm。

發展

公司(si)實行董事會領導下(xia)的(de)總經(jing)理(li)負(fu)責制，法人(ren)治理(li)結構(gou)健全。公司(si)定員(yuan)85人(ren)，其中(zhong)大專以上學歷55人(ren)，具有高(gao)級職(zhi)稱8人(ren)，領導班子5人(ren)。公司(si)下(xia)設“四部(bu)”，綜(zong)合管(guan)理(li)部(bu)、生(sheng)(sheng)產部(bu)、財務經(jing)營部(bu)、工程(cheng)技術部(bu)，是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)機構(gou)精簡、人(ren)員(yuan)精干的(de)集水電開發建設和生(sheng)(sheng)產運行管(guan)理(li)于(yu)一(yi)體的(de)大型(xing)電力企業。

公(gong)司依照(zhao)《公(gong)司法》規范運作(zuo)，合法經營，從嚴治企(qi)。一(yi)手抓棉花灘水電站(zhan)的生產(chan)經營，一(yi)手抓白沙水電站(zhan)的開發建(jian)(jian)設(she)。狠抓資產(chan)經營、安全生產(chan)、黨(dang)風廉政建(jian)(jian)設(she)三大安全，取得(de)了良好的社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)與企(qi)業經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。

棉(mian)花灘水電站(zhan)于1998年(nian)4月開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，當年(nian)就(jiu)實現(xian)了(le)(le)大(da)江截流；1999年(nian)9月創造(zao)了(le)(le)僅用(yong)16.5個月地下(xia)廠(chang)房開(kai)挖的(de)全國(guo)(guo)最(zui)新記錄；2000年(nian)12月18日實現(xian)了(le)(le)大(da)壩下(xia)閘(zha)蓄水；2001年(nian)4月，開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)僅3年(nian)時(shi)(shi)間首臺(tai)機組(zu)就(jiu)投(tou)(tou)產(chan)(chan)發電；同年(nian)12月，4臺(tai)機組(zu)全部建成投(tou)(tou)產(chan)(chan)；隨后在不到(dao)半(ban)年(nian)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間里(li)完成了(le)(le)尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)和消缺工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，于2002年(nian)8月通過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電力(li)公(gong)司(si)的(de)檢查(cha)驗收，在全國(guo)(guo)所有的(de)水電站(zhan)建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中第一個獲得了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電力(li)公(gong)司(si)頒發的(de)“基建移交生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)達標投(tou)(tou)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程”稱號。創造(zao)了(le)(le)水電站(zhan)建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中投(tou)(tou)資省(sheng)(sheng)、質量高、進度快三項(xiang)先進記錄。截止(zhi)到(dao)2004年(nian)5月31日，電站(zhan)已累計(ji)發電36.3億千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)，創連續安全運行1146天。公(gong)司(si)滾動開(kai)發的(de)白沙水電站(zhan)“可(ke)研”已于2004年(nian)5月獲福建省(sheng)(sheng)計(ji)委批準(zhun),現(xian)已開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設，計(ji)劃2006年(nian)下(xia)半(ban)年(nian)投(tou)(tou)產(chan)(chan)發電。

取得成績

公司曾(ceng)先(xian)后多次(ci)獲得(de)省(sheng)(sheng)重點(dian)(dian)建設(she)項(xiang)目“先(xian)進(jin)單位”，福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)人民政(zheng)府“重點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目優勝獎”等榮(rong)譽，先(xian)后有5名職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)被(bei)授予“重點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目建設(she)功臣”，省(sheng)(sheng)總工(gong)(gong)會(hui)同時授予他們省(sheng)(sheng)“五(wu)·一”勞(lao)動獎章(zhang)。此外，獲得(de)地（廳）級(ji)以上獎勵的(de)(de)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)還有79人次(ci)。 　公司將在董事會(hui)的(de)(de)領導下，發(fa)揚(yang)“誠信、高效、創新(xin)(xin)、協作、守(shou)則”的(de)(de)企業(ye)精神，堅持安(an)全第一的(de)(de)方針，在繼(ji)承、發(fa)揚(yang)工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)中創造(zao)的(de)(de)優異(yi)成績(ji)的(de)(de)基礎上，進(jin)一步(bu)加強管理，大膽(dan)創新(xin)(xin)，積極(ji)(ji)參與電(dian)力市場(chang)競(jing)爭和水電(dian)項(xiang)目開(kai)發(fa)，以優異(yi)的(de)(de)業(ye)績(ji)回(hui)報股東(dong)、回(hui)報社會(hui)，為福(fu)建的(de)(de)經濟和社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)做出積極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)貢獻(xian)。

樞紐布置

主(zhu)要由攔(lan)河(he)主(zhu)壩、副壩、泄洪建筑物、左岸輸水發電系統、開關站等(deng)建筑物組成。

攔河(he)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)碾壓混凝(ning)土重力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程179.0m，最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高111m，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂總長300m，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬7m，最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)底寬84.5m。

壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體120.0m高程(cheng)以下部位采用(yong)R?180150碾壓混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土，120.0m高程(cheng)以上部位采用(yong)R?180100碾壓混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土，基(ji)礎部位設1m厚的(de)R?90200常(chang)態混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土墊層，溢(yi)流(liu)面(mian)采用(yong)厚3m左右的(de)R?90250常(chang)態混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土，溢(yi)洪道(dao)和底孔閘墩均采用(yong)預應力錨索結構和R?28300常(chang)態混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體上游(you)面(mian)采用(yong)R?180200二級配碾壓混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土自身防滲形式(shi)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體不(bu)設縱縫(feng)，由(you)5條橫縫(feng)分成6個(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)。其(qi)中3、4號(hao)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)各(ge)寬33m，位于主(zhu)河槽(cao)，為溢(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)。設開(kai)敞式(shi)溢(yi)洪道(dao)3孔，每孔凈寬16.0m，堰頂高程(cheng)155.0m，下游(you)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)坡(po)度(du)1∶0.75。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂溢(yi)洪道(dao)和泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)底孔都采用(yong)收(shou)縮式(shi)消(xiao)能(neng)工，能(neng)縱向拉(la)開(kai)水(shui)舌，不(bu)直接沖刷(shua)岸坡(po)，不(bu)影響(xiang)廠房尾水(shui)出流(liu)，達到較(jiao)為理想的(de)消(xiao)能(neng)效果。其(qi)余(yu)分別(bie)為左右岸非(fei)溢(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)寬為50～70m。非(fei)溢(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體斷面(mian)上游(you)面(mian)垂直，下游(you)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)坡(po)1∶0.75。5號(hao)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)設泄(xie)(xie)洪并兼作放(fang)空水(shui)庫用(yong)的(de)泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)底孔1個(ge)，孔口(kou)尺寸(cun)5m×7.2m(寬×高)。

副壩(ba)(ba)設在(zai)主壩(ba)(ba)北(bei)東5km處(chu)的(de)湖洋里村埡口，最大壩(ba)(ba)高5.6m，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長(chang)30m，為均(jun)質(zhi)土壩(ba)(ba)。

左(zuo)岸輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發電系統(tong)由(you)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)、引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)鋼(gang)(gang)管、主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)、主(zhu)(zhu)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室、母(mu)線洞(dong)(dong)、電纜豎井、尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)洞(dong)(dong)室群組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。采(cai)用(yong)單機(ji)單洞(dong)(dong)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，二機(ji)一(yi)尾(wei)洞(dong)(dong)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發電系統(tong)最長(chang)管道743.8m，除壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)鋼(gang)(gang)管段(duan)外，引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)以及尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室的輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)都(dou)采(cai)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)襯砌(qi)，廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)洞(dong)(dong)室群則采(cai)用(yong)錨(mao)桿掛鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)網噴混凝(ning)土(tu)支護，主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)和(he)尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室都(dou)采(cai)用(yong)岸壁吊車梁。進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)為岸塔(ta)式，位于壩前30～120m。前沿總寬(kuan)度(du)84m。4條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)平行(xing)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)，間距(ju)21m，直徑(jing)7.5m，由(you)上平段(duan)、豎井段(duan)、下平段(duan)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。上平段(duan)和(he)下平段(duan)的平面(mian)轉(zhuan)角97°，互(hu)相交(jiao)錯布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)，使每條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)長(chang)度(du)基本相等(deng)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)鋼(gang)(gang)管長(chang)35m，直徑(jing)5.4m。主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)、主(zhu)(zhu)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室、尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室平行(xing)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)洞(dong)(dong)室長(chang)129.5m，寬(kuan)21.9m，高(gao)52.18m，安裝(zhuang)4臺混流式豎軸(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電機(ji)組(zu)(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室與主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)凈距(ju)22m，洞(dong)(dong)室長(chang)97.35m，寬(kuan)16.0m，高(gao)14.8m，內設兩臺220kV三相360MVA雙(shuang)卷主(zhu)(zhu)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器。

開關(guan)站(zhan)布置在(zai)左岸大壩下游(you)高程180.0m的上壩公路內側，為洞內式(shi)(長37m×寬13m×高15m)。

20t級的轉盤式斜面升船機(ji)設(she)置在右(you)岸6號壩段，設(she)計遠景年過竹、木、雜貨的過壩量11.2萬t。

工程(cheng)主要工程(cheng)量土石方(fang)(fang)明挖153萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，石方(fang)(fang)洞挖60萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，常態(tai)混凝(ning)土35萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，碾壓混凝(ning)土52萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。

歷史

1878年(nian)法(fa)國(guo)建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)第一座水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。20世(shi)(shi)紀30年(nian)代(dai)(dai)后，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)有很大發(fa)展。80年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末，世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上一些工(gong)(gong)業發(fa)達國(guo)家，如瑞(rui)士和(he)(he)法(fa)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)能(neng)(neng)資源已幾(ji)近全部開(kai)發(fa)。20世(shi)(shi)紀世(shi)(shi)界(jie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是巴(ba)西和(he)(he)巴(ba)拉圭合建的(de)(de)(de)伊泰(tai)普水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)1260萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。世(shi)(shi)界(jie)第一座抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是瑞(rui)士于(yu)1879年(nian)建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)勒頓抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。世(shi)(shi)界(jie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是1985年(nian)投產的(de)(de)(de)美國(guo)巴(ba)斯(si)(si)康蒂抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。世(shi)(shi)界(jie)第一座潮(chao)汐(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)1913年(nian)建于(yu)德國(guo)北海(hai)之濱。最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)潮(chao)汐(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是法(fa)國(guo)建于(yu)圣瑪(ma)珞灣的(de)(de)(de)朗斯(si)(si)潮(chao)汐(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)24萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。日本在1978年(nian)建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)明(ming)號波(bo)浪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試驗船則是世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上第一座大型(xing)波(bo)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中國(guo)大陸最(zui)早建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是云南省昆明(ming)市郊的(de)(de)(de)石龍(long)壩水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(1912) ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)一廠于(yu)1910年(nian)7月(yue)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)，1912年(nian)4月(yue)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)初(chu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為480 kW。中國(guo)1988年(nian)竣工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)北葛洲壩水(shui)利樞紐，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)271.5萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。中國(guo)1986年(nian)在浙江(jiang)省建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)試驗性的(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)廈潮(chao)汐(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)3200千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)州抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，一期工(gong)(gong)程裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)120萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，計劃在90年(nian)代(dai)(dai)完工(gong)(gong)。1994年(nian)已開(kai)工(gong)(gong)興建的(de)(de)(de)三(san)峽水(shui)利樞紐建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為1786萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，到目前為止已經成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

類型

按水能來源分類

利用(yong)河流、湖泊水能(neng)的常規水電(dian)站；利用(yong)電(dian)力(li)負荷低谷時的電(dian)能(neng)抽(chou)水至上水庫(ku)，待(dai)電(dian)力(li)負荷高峰期再(zai)放水至下(xia)水庫(ku)發電(dian)的抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)電(dian)站；利用(yong)海洋(yang)(yang)潮汐(xi)能(neng)發電(dian)的潮汐(xi)電(dian)站；利用(yong)海洋(yang)(yang)波浪(lang)能(neng)發電(dian)的

波浪能電站。

按(an)對天然徑流的調節方式分類

沒有水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)或(huo)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)很小的徑流式水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)有一定調(diao)節(jie)能力的蓄水(shui)(shui)式水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。

按水(shui)電(dian)站水(shui)庫的調節周期分(fen)類

多年調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)、年調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)、周(zhou)(zhou)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)和日調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。年調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)將一年中豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)貯存起來供(gong)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期發(fa)電(dian)(dian)用。其余調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)周(zhou)(zhou)期的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)含義類(lei)推。

按發電水頭分類

高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和低(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。世界各(ge)國對此無統一(yi)規定。中(zhong)國稱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)70米(mi)以上的電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)為高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)70～30米(mi)的電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)為中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)30米(mi)以下的電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)為低(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)(tou)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

按裝機容量分類

分為大(da)型、中(zhong)型和小型水電(dian)站。

中(zhong)國(guo)規定裝機容量大(da)于75萬(wan)(wan)千瓦為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(1)型水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，75萬(wan)(wan)～25萬(wan)(wan)千瓦為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(2)型水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，25萬(wan)(wan)～2.5萬(wan)(wan)千瓦為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)型水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，2.5萬(wan)(wan)～0.05萬(wan)(wan)千瓦為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(1)型水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，小于0.05萬(wan)(wan)千瓦為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(2)型水電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。

按發(fa)電水頭的(de)形成方式分(fen)類

以(yi)壩(ba)集(ji)中水頭(tou)的(de)壩(ba)式水電(dian)站(zhan)、以(yi)引水系統集(ji)中水頭(tou)的(de)引水式水電(dian)站(zhan)，以(yi)及(ji)由(you)壩(ba)和引水系統共同(tong)集(ji)中水頭(tou)的(de)混合式水電(dian)站(zhan)。