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簡介

三板溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)位于沅水(shui)(shui)干流(liu)(liu)上(shang)游(you)河(he)段的(de)(de)清水(shui)(shui)江(jiang)(jiang)下游(you)貴(gui)州(zhou)省黔(qian)東南苗族侗族自治州(zhou)錦(jin)屏縣內(nei)，是(shi)黔(qian)東南州(zhou)有(you)史以(yi)來(lai)投資(zi)(zi)最多(duo)、規(gui)模最大(da)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項目(mu)，是(shi)沅水(shui)(shui)干流(liu)(liu)繼五強(qiang)溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)后的(de)(de)第二(er)個百(bai)萬(wan)級水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，它雖(sui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)在貴(gui)州(zhou)境內(nei)卻主供湖南電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)壩型為混凝面板堆(dui)石壩，最大(da)壩高185.5米，僅次于湖北水(shui)(shui)布埡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，屬200米級高壩，該壩高位居(ju)全(quan)國第二(er)、世界第三。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量100萬(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)，安(an)裝(zhuang)4臺25萬(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)混流(liu)(liu)式水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)，年(nian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量24.28億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總投資(zi)(zi)61.5億(yi)元，總工(gong)(gong)期5年(nian)，主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于2002年(nian)7月正式開工(gong)(gong)。 同(tong)時(shi)，該水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)將極大(da)提高沅水(shui)(shui)中游(you)安(an)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)段和下游(you)常德、益陽(yang)、桃源以(yi)及(ji)洞庭(ting)湖區(qu)的(de)(de)防(fang)洪能(neng)力，使防(fang)洪標準由目(mu)前的(de)(de)5年(nian)一(yi)遇提高到20年(nian)一(yi)遇。 作為國家(jia)“十(shi)五”重點能(neng)源建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項目(mu)、西部大(da)開發(fa)(fa)重點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，三板溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)沅水(shui)(shui)干流(liu)(liu)上(shang)唯一(yi)具有(you)多(duo)年(nian)調節能(neng)力的(de)(de)龍頭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，也是(shi)沅水(shui)(shui)干流(liu)(liu)規(gui)劃15個梯級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)中的(de)(de)第二(er)級，洪江(jiang)(jiang)、五強(qiang)溪(xi)、凌津灘等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)都在其下游(you)。三板溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)部建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)之(zhi)后，將使下游(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)增發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量14.7億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。

三板(ban)溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)壩(ba)址(zhi)以(yi)上控制(zhi)流域(yu)面積(ji)11051k㎡，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫達到正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位475米后，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫庫容40.94億ｍ3，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)深度將有55層樓房高，形(xing)成79.56 k㎡的(de)遼闊水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面積(ji)·中電(dian)投集團三板(ban)溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)首(shou)臺機組(zu)發電(dian)

7月19日，國(guo)家“十五”重點能源建設項目、西部大開發重點工程——三(san)板溪水電站首臺機組的電力正式從貴州輸(shu)入(ru)湖南電網(wang)。

蓄水情況

三板溪水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站壩址以上控(kong)制流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)11051ｋｍ2，在水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)達到正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)位475米后，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)容40.94億ｍ3，蓄水(shui)(shui)深度將有55層樓(lou)房高，形成79.56ｋｍ2的遼闊水(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)

蓄水(shui)情(qing)況三板溪水(shui)電站壩(ba)址以上(shang)控制流域面(mian)積11051km2，在水(shui)庫(ku)達到正常(chang)蓄水(shui)水(shui)位475米后，水(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)容40.94億m3，蓄水(shui)深度將有55層樓房高，形成79.56km2的遼闊水(shui)域面(mian)積。

風景

三(san)(san)板溪(xi)湖區(qu)大(da)壩高(gao)185.5米，為(wei)國內第(di)二、世(shi)界第(di)三(san)(san)高(gao)壩。湖區(qu)主航道達130公(gong)里，支航道120公(gong)里，湖面(mian)面(mian)積近85平方公(gong)里。湖區(qu)回水(shui)(shui)后形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)個山(shan)(shan)中有(you)水(shui)(shui)、水(shui)(shui)中有(you)山(shan)(shan)、千奇百怪、美(mei)不勝(sheng)收的(de)(de)“山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)生物公(gong)園”。湖區(qu)沿岸有(you)文(wen)斗、裕和(he)(he)、韶藹(ai)、瑤白、河(he)口(kou)、固本等(deng)民(min)族村(cun)寨(zhai)(zhai)；湖區(qu)有(you)烏下江風光(guang)、烏斗溪(xi)多級瀑布群(qun)、五(wu)溪(xi)原(yuan)(yuan)始森林(lin)及(ji)豐富的(de)(de)野生動(dong)物等(deng)；湖區(qu)西南面(mian)是(shi)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)臺地(di)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)界，青(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)界有(you)五(wu)萬畝(mu)天然草(cao)(cao)場(chang)，點綴(zhui)著許多高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)湖泊，俗稱(cheng)“九十九眼(yan)天池”，蘊藏(zang)著許多美(mei)麗動(dong)人的(de)(de)民(min)間傳說(shuo)。按(an)照旅(lv)游(you)(you)專家的(de)(de)考察(cha)，青(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)界可開(kai)發成(cheng)為(wei)旅(lv)游(you)(you)避(bi)暑(shu)的(de)(de)勝(sheng)地(di)，可建成(cheng)國際性(xing)的(de)(de)高(gao)爾(er)夫球(qiu)場(chang)及(ji)山(shan)(shan)地(di)自行(xing)車場(chang)，還可開(kai)發滑草(cao)(cao)運(yun)動(dong)。這個由大(da)型水(shui)(shui)利工程造就而成(cheng)的(de)(de)特殊旅(lv)游(you)(you)區(qu)，人為(wei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)體使居于深山(shan)(shan)上(shang)部的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生苗侗村(cun)寨(zhai)(zhai)、罕見原(yuan)(yuan)始植被和(he)(he)涼爽氣候由遙(yao)不能及(ji)變為(wei)輕松可達，是(shi)集民(min)族歷史文(wen)化村(cun)寨(zhai)(zhai)、避(bi)暑(shu)、探險、水(shui)(shui)上(shang)運(yun)動(dong)、航渡、生態(tai)觀光(guang)為(wei)一(yi)體的(de)(de)綜(zong)合性(xing)景(jing)區(qu)。

氣候

清水江流(liu)域屬副熱(re)帶季風氣候區，溫濕多雨，四(si)季分明(ming)。壩址多年平均氣溫16.4℃。壩址控制集水面(mian)積11051萬平方(fang)公里，多年平均降(jiang)雨量(liang)1279mm，多年平均流(liu)量(liang)240立方(fang)米(mi)/秒，多年平均徑流(liu)量(liang)75.69億立方(fang)米(mi)，洪(hong)水由暴雨形成。

設計

壩址為不對稱(cheng)“V”型(xing)峽谷(gu)，兩岸基巖(yan)多(duo)裸露(lu)，河床復(fu)蓋層薄(bo)。右(you)岸山(shan)(shan)體(ti)雄厚，右(you)岸岸坡(po)45~60°；左(zuo)岸岸坡(po)40~45°，高(gao)程(cheng)478m以上(shang)較(jiao)單薄(bo)，為條(tiao)形山(shan)(shan)脊，巖(yan)石風化較(jiao)深。壩址巖(yan)性(xing)主(zhu)要為元古界板溪群清水江(jiang)組(zu)變(bian)余(yu)凝灰(hui)巖(yan)、變(bian)余(yu)凝灰(hui)質(zhi)砂(sha)巖(yan)等(deng)。工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件較(jiao)好，地(di)震(zhen)基本烈度為6度。

樞紐布(bu)置(zhi)為：河床布(bu)置(zhi)主壩(ba)，左岸條形山脊上布(bu)置(zhi)副(fu)壩(ba)；溢洪道(dao)布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)左岸，位于主、副(fu)壩(ba)之間；泄洪洞布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)溢洪道(dao)左側山體中；地下引水(shui)發電(dian)廠房布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)右岸。

攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)：主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)和副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)均(jun)為混凝土面板堆石壩(ba)(ba)，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程(cheng)482.50m，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬10.00m，主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長423.75m，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)185.50m，副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長233.78m，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)50.50m，主(zhu)、副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)上下游壩(ba)(ba)坡均(jun)為1：1.4。

溢(yi)洪道：溢(yi)洪道為(wei)岸邊開敞式溢(yi)洪道。長686m，溢(yi)流(liu)堰(yan)為(wei)WES實用(yong)堰(yan)，堰(yan)頂高程456.00m，設3孔(kong)(kong)溢(yi)流(liu)表孔(kong)(kong)，孔(kong)(kong)口閘門尺寸20m×19m（寬×高），采用(yong)挑流(liu)消能。設計洪水(shui)位和(he)校核(he)洪水(shui)位時(shi)的下泄流(liu)量分別為(wei)10306m3/s和(he)13100m3/s，最(zui)大流(liu)速為(wei)45.6m/s。

泄(xie)(xie)洪(hong)(hong)洞(dong)：泄(xie)(xie)洪(hong)(hong)洞(dong)位于溢洪(hong)(hong)道左側，塔式進(jin)水(shui)口底板高程400.00m，進(jin)水(shui)口設2孔5m×9m（寬×高）的深孔，其(qi)后(hou)接13m×13.5m（寬×高）的城門洞(dong)型無壓隧(sui)洞(dong)，總長約816m，其(qi)中隧(sui)洞(dong)長約745m，采用(yong)挑流(liu)消能。設計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位和校核洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位時下泄(xie)(xie)流(liu)量(liang)分別為2880m3/s和2940m3/s，洞(dong)內最大流(liu)速為42.1m/s。

發(fa)電(dian)引(yin)(yin)水系統：右岸(an)(an)地下廠(chang)房裝有4臺單(dan)機容(rong)量為(wei)(wei)25萬kW的(de)混(hun)流式(shi)水輪發(fa)電(dian)機組，電(dian)站進(jin)水口為(wei)(wei)岸(an)(an)塔式(shi)，引(yin)(yin)水隧洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)7.0m，單(dan)機單(dan)洞(dong)(dong)引(yin)(yin)水。主廠(chang)房尺(chi)寸為(wei)(wei)147.5m×22.7m×60.0m（長(chang)×寬×高(gao)），主變壓器開關室位于(yu)主廠(chang)房下游，尺(chi)寸為(wei)(wei)111.0m×23.0m×31.8m（長(chang)×寬×高(gao)）。尾(wei)水系統采用“2機1井(jing)1洞(dong)(dong)”的(de)布置方式(shi)。尾(wei)水設2個阻抗式(shi)調壓井(jing)，內徑(jing)24m，高(gao)度(du)約61.8m。2條(tiao)尾(wei)水隧洞(dong)(dong)的(de)內徑(jing)均為(wei)(wei)12.0m。

施(shi)工(gong)導(dao)流：采用隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)導(dao)流，一次攔斷(duan)河床的(de)導(dao)流方式。導(dao)流隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)布置在左岸，過水斷(duan)面尺寸為16.0m×18.0m（寬×高），隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)斷(duan)面為城門洞(dong)(dong)型(xing)，隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)長(chang)734m。上、下游圍堰(yan)均為土石圍堰(yan)。截流后(hou)采取“枯(ku)搶(qiang)攔洪(hong)”渡汛方案(an)。

建設意義

三板溪水電(dian)站(zhan)壩址所(suo)在地平(ping)略(lve)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，2002年財政收(shou)入126.5萬元，是上年的(de)兩倍多(duo)。該鎮(zhen)(zhen)2001年前暫住人(ren)口(kou)只(zhi)有(you)25人(ren)，現在已有(you)4100多(duo)人(ren)。僅(jin)平(ping)略(lve)村(cun)(cun)和八(ba)洋村(cun)(cun)的(de)飲食、服務業就有(you)143戶(hu)，是電(dian)站(zhan)開(kai)工前的(de)13倍。鎮(zhen)(zhen)內的(de)客運、貨(huo)運車船也由(you)原(yuan)來的(de)10多(duo)輛(艘)增加到96輛(艘)。

三板溪水電站開工建設，使錦屏縣(xian)具備了由漸(jian)進(jin)式發展(zhan)(zhan)向跨越(yue)式發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)有利條件，電站工程今年(nian)計劃投(tou)資11億元，將進(jin)一(yi)步拉動錦屏縣(xian)的(de)經濟社會發展(zhan)(zhan)。