簡介
三(san)板(ban)(ban)溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)位于沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)流(liu)上游(you)(you)河段(duan)的清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)江(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游(you)(you)貴州(zhou)省黔東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)苗族(zu)侗(dong)族(zu)自治州(zhou)錦屏縣內,是(shi)(shi)黔東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)州(zhou)有史(shi)以來(lai)投(tou)(tou)資最多、規模最大(da)的建設(she)項目(mu),是(shi)(shi)沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)流(liu)繼(ji)五(wu)(wu)強溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后的第(di)(di)二個(ge)百萬(wan)級(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),它雖建在(zai)貴州(zhou)境(jing)內卻主供(gong)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)壩(ba)(ba)型為混凝面板(ban)(ban)堆(dui)石壩(ba)(ba),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)185.5米,僅次于湖(hu)北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)布埡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),屬(shu)200米級(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)壩(ba)(ba),該壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)位居(ju)全國第(di)(di)二、世界第(di)(di)三(san)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總裝機(ji)容量100萬(wan)千瓦(wa),安(an)裝4臺25萬(wan)千瓦(wa)混流(liu)式(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組,年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量24.28億千瓦(wa)時,工程總投(tou)(tou)資61.5億元,總工期5年,主體工程于2002年7月(yue)正式(shi)開工。 同(tong)時,該水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的建設(she)將極(ji)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中游(you)(you)安(an)江(jiang)(jiang)河段(duan)和下(xia)游(you)(you)常德、益陽、桃源(yuan)以及洞庭湖(hu)區的防(fang)洪(hong)能(neng)力,使防(fang)洪(hong)標準由目(mu)前的5年一(yi)遇提(ti)高(gao)(gao)到20年一(yi)遇。 作為國家(jia)“十五(wu)(wu)”重(zhong)點(dian)能(neng)源(yuan)建設(she)項目(mu)、西部大(da)開發(fa)(fa)重(zhong)點(dian)工程,三(san)板(ban)(ban)溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)流(liu)上唯一(yi)具(ju)有多年調節(jie)能(neng)力的龍頭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),也是(shi)(shi)沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)流(liu)規劃15個(ge)梯級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠中的第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji),洪(hong)江(jiang)(jiang)、五(wu)(wu)強溪(xi)、凌津灘(tan)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)都(dou)在(zai)其下(xia)游(you)(you)。三(san)板(ban)(ban)溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全部建成(cheng)之后,將使下(xia)游(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)年增發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量14.7億千瓦(wa)時。
三(san)板溪水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)壩址以(yi)上控制流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)11051k㎡,在水(shui)(shui)庫達到正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)位475米后(hou),水(shui)(shui)庫庫容40.94億m3,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)深度將有55層樓房(fang)高,形成79.56 k㎡的(de)遼闊(kuo)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)·中(zhong)電投集(ji)團三(san)板溪水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)首臺機組(zu)發電
7月19日,國家“十五”重點能源建設項目、西(xi)部大開發重點工程——三板(ban)溪水電(dian)站(zhan)首臺機組的電(dian)力正(zheng)式從貴州輸入湖南電(dian)網(wang)。
蓄水情況
三板溪水(shui)電(dian)站壩址(zhi)以(yi)上控(kong)制流(liu)域面積(ji)11051km2,在水(shui)庫(ku)達到正常蓄水(shui)水(shui)位475米(mi)后,水(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)容40.94億m3,蓄水(shui)深度將有55層樓房高,形成79.56km2的遼闊水(shui)域面積(ji)
蓄水情(qing)況三板溪水電站壩址以(yi)上控制流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)11051km2,在(zai)水庫(ku)(ku)達到正常蓄水水位475米后,水庫(ku)(ku)庫(ku)(ku)容40.94億m3,蓄水深度將有55層樓房高,形成79.56km2的遼闊水域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)。
風景
三板溪(xi)湖區(qu)大(da)(da)壩(ba)高(gao)185.5米,為(wei)國(guo)內第二、世界(jie)(jie)第三高(gao)壩(ba)。湖區(qu)主航(hang)道達130公里,支航(hang)道120公里,湖面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)近85平方公里。湖區(qu)回水(shui)(shui)后形成了一個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中有(you)水(shui)(shui)、水(shui)(shui)中有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、千奇百怪、美不(bu)勝收的“山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)物公園”。湖區(qu)沿岸有(you)文斗、裕和(he)、韶藹、瑤白、河口、固(gu)本(ben)等(deng)民(min)族村寨(zhai);湖區(qu)有(you)烏下江(jiang)風光(guang)、烏斗溪(xi)多級瀑布群、五溪(xi)原(yuan)(yuan)始森林及豐富的野生(sheng)動(dong)物等(deng);湖區(qu)西南(nan)面(mian)(mian)是高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)臺地青山(shan)(shan)(shan)界(jie)(jie),青山(shan)(shan)(shan)界(jie)(jie)有(you)五萬畝天(tian)然草場,點綴著許多高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)湖泊(bo),俗稱“九十九眼(yan)天(tian)池”,蘊藏著許多美麗動(dong)人(ren)的民(min)間傳說。按照(zhao)旅游(you)專家的考察,青山(shan)(shan)(shan)界(jie)(jie)可(ke)開(kai)發成為(wei)旅游(you)避(bi)暑的勝地,可(ke)建成國(guo)際性的高(gao)爾夫球場及山(shan)(shan)(shan)地自行車場,還可(ke)開(kai)發滑草運(yun)(yun)動(dong)。這(zhe)個(ge)由(you)大(da)(da)型水(shui)(shui)利工程造(zao)就而成的特殊旅游(you)區(qu),人(ren)為(wei)形成的水(shui)(shui)體使居于深山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)部的原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)苗侗村寨(zhai)、罕見原(yuan)(yuan)始植(zhi)被和(he)涼(liang)爽(shuang)氣候由(you)遙(yao)不(bu)能及變(bian)為(wei)輕松(song)可(ke)達,是集民(min)族歷史文化村寨(zhai)、避(bi)暑、探險、水(shui)(shui)上(shang)(shang)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)、航(hang)渡、生(sheng)態觀光(guang)為(wei)一體的綜(zong)合性景區(qu)。
氣候
清水(shui)(shui)江流域屬副熱(re)帶(dai)季風氣候區(qu),溫濕(shi)多雨(yu),四季分明。壩(ba)址多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣溫16.4℃。壩(ba)址控制集(ji)水(shui)(shui)面積11051萬平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降雨(yu)量1279mm,多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均流量240立(li)方(fang)米/秒,多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均徑(jing)流量75.69億立(li)方(fang)米,洪水(shui)(shui)由暴(bao)雨(yu)形成。
設計
壩(ba)址(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)不對(dui)稱“V”型峽谷,兩岸基巖多裸露,河床復蓋(gai)層薄。右(you)(you)岸山(shan)體雄厚,右(you)(you)岸岸坡45~60°;左岸岸坡40~45°,高(gao)程478m以上較單薄,為(wei)條(tiao)形山(shan)脊,巖石(shi)風化較深。壩(ba)址(zhi)(zhi)巖性主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)元古界板(ban)溪群(qun)清水江(jiang)組變(bian)余凝灰巖、變(bian)余凝灰質砂巖等。工程地質條(tiao)件較好,地震基本烈度為(wei)6度。
樞紐布(bu)(bu)置為:河床布(bu)(bu)置主壩(ba),左岸(an)(an)條形山(shan)脊上布(bu)(bu)置副(fu)(fu)壩(ba);溢洪道布(bu)(bu)置在左岸(an)(an),位于主、副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)之間;泄洪洞(dong)布(bu)(bu)置在溢洪道左側山(shan)體中(zhong);地下引水發電廠(chang)房布(bu)(bu)置在右岸(an)(an)。
攔河壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba):主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)均(jun)為(wei)混凝土面板堆石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程482.50m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬10.00m,主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長423.75m,最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高185.50m,副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長233.78m,最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高50.50m,主、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)上下游壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)坡均(jun)為(wei)1:1.4。
溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道:溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道為岸邊開敞式溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道。長686m,溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)堰(yan)為WES實(shi)用(yong)堰(yan),堰(yan)頂(ding)高程456.00m,設(she)3孔溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)表孔,孔口閘(zha)門尺(chi)寸20m×19m(寬(kuan)×高),采用(yong)挑流(liu)消(xiao)能。設(she)計洪(hong)水位和(he)校(xiao)核洪(hong)水位時(shi)的(de)下泄流(liu)量(liang)分別為10306m3/s和(he)13100m3/s,最大流(liu)速為45.6m/s。
泄洪洞(dong):泄洪洞(dong)位(wei)于溢洪道左側(ce),塔式(shi)進(jin)(jin)水口(kou)底板高程400.00m,進(jin)(jin)水口(kou)設2孔(kong)5m×9m(寬×高)的深孔(kong),其后接13m×13.5m(寬×高)的城門洞(dong)型無(wu)壓隧洞(dong),總長約(yue)(yue)816m,其中隧洞(dong)長約(yue)(yue)745m,采用挑流消能。設計洪水位(wei)和校(xiao)核(he)洪水位(wei)時下(xia)泄流量分別為2880m3/s和2940m3/s,洞(dong)內最大流速為42.1m/s。
發(fa)電引水系(xi)統(tong):右岸地下(xia)廠房(fang)裝有(you)4臺單機(ji)容量為(wei)25萬kW的(de)混流式(shi)水輪發(fa)電機(ji)組,電站進(jin)水口為(wei)岸塔式(shi),引水隧洞洞徑為(wei)7.0m,單機(ji)單洞引水。主廠房(fang)尺寸(cun)為(wei)147.5m×22.7m×60.0m(長×寬(kuan)×高),主變壓器開關室位于(yu)主廠房(fang)下(xia)游(you),尺寸(cun)為(wei)111.0m×23.0m×31.8m(長×寬(kuan)×高)。尾水系(xi)統(tong)采用“2機(ji)1井1洞”的(de)布置(zhi)方式(shi)。尾水設(she)2個阻(zu)抗式(shi)調壓井,內徑24m,高度約61.8m。2條尾水隧洞的(de)內徑均(jun)為(wei)12.0m。
施(shi)工導流:采用隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)導流,一(yi)次(ci)攔(lan)斷河床(chuang)的導流方式。導流隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)布置在左岸,過水斷面(mian)尺寸為(wei)(wei)16.0m×18.0m(寬×高),隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)斷面(mian)為(wei)(wei)城門洞(dong)(dong)型(xing),隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)長734m。上、下游圍(wei)堰(yan)均為(wei)(wei)土石圍(wei)堰(yan)。截流后(hou)采取“枯搶(qiang)攔(lan)洪”渡汛方案。
建設意義
三板(ban)溪水電站壩址所在地平略(lve)鎮(zhen),2002年(nian)財政收入126.5萬元,是上年(nian)的兩(liang)倍多。該鎮(zhen)2001年(nian)前(qian)暫住人(ren)口(kou)只有(you)25人(ren),現在已有(you)4100多人(ren)。僅平略(lve)村(cun)和(he)八洋村(cun)的飲食、服務業就有(you)143戶,是電站開(kai)工前(qian)的13倍。鎮(zhen)內的客運(yun)、貨運(yun)車船也(ye)由原來的10多輛(liang)(艘)增(zeng)加到96輛(liang)(艘)。
三(san)板溪水電站開工建設(she),使錦屏縣具備(bei)了由漸進(jin)式發展(zhan)向跨越(yue)式發展(zhan)的(de)有利條件,電站工程今年計劃投資11億元(yuan),將進(jin)一步拉動錦屏縣的(de)經濟(ji)社(she)會發展(zhan)。