簡介
三(san)(san)(san)板溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站位于沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)上游河段(duan)(duan)的清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)江下(xia)游貴州(zhou)(zhou)省黔東南苗(miao)族(zu)侗族(zu)自治州(zhou)(zhou)錦屏(ping)縣內,是(shi)黔東南州(zhou)(zhou)有(you)史以來投資最(zui)多(duo)、規模(mo)最(zui)大(da)(da)的建設項(xiang)(xiang)目,是(shi)沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)繼五強溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站后(hou)的第(di)二個百萬級(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,它(ta)雖建在貴州(zhou)(zhou)境內卻主(zhu)供湖(hu)南電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站壩型為混(hun)凝面(mian)板堆石壩,最(zui)大(da)(da)壩高(gao)(gao)185.5米,僅次于湖(hu)北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)布埡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,屬200米級(ji)高(gao)(gao)壩,該壩高(gao)(gao)位居全國第(di)二、世界第(di)三(san)(san)(san)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站總(zong)(zong)裝機容量(liang)(liang)100萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),安裝4臺(tai)25萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)混(hun)流(liu)式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組,年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)24.28億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時,工程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)投資61.5億(yi)元,總(zong)(zong)工期(qi)5年(nian),主(zhu)體(ti)工程(cheng)(cheng)于2002年(nian)7月(yue)正(zheng)式開(kai)工。 同時,該水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的建設將極大(da)(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)游安江河段(duan)(duan)和下(xia)游常德、益(yi)陽、桃源以及洞庭湖(hu)區的防(fang)洪(hong)能力(li),使防(fang)洪(hong)標準由目前的5年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)到20年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)。 作為國家“十五”重點(dian)能源建設項(xiang)(xiang)目、西部大(da)(da)開(kai)發(fa)重點(dian)工程(cheng)(cheng),三(san)(san)(san)板溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站是(shi)沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)上唯一(yi)具有(you)多(duo)年(nian)調節能力(li)的龍(long)頭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,也是(shi)沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)規劃15個梯級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠中(zhong)的第(di)二級(ji),洪(hong)江、五強溪(xi)、凌津(jin)灘等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站都在其下(xia)游。三(san)(san)(san)板溪(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站全部建成之后(hou),將使下(xia)游電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站年(nian)增發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)14.7億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時。
三板溪水電站(zhan)壩址以上控制流(liu)域面(mian)積11051k㎡,在水庫(ku)達到正常蓄水水位475米后,水庫(ku)庫(ku)容40.94億m3,蓄水深度將有(you)55層樓(lou)房(fang)高(gao),形成79.56 k㎡的遼闊水域面(mian)積·中電投集團三板溪水電站(zhan)首臺機組發電
7月19日,國家(jia)“十五”重點能源(yuan)建設(she)項目、西部(bu)大開發(fa)重點工程——三板溪水電(dian)(dian)站首臺機(ji)組(zu)的電(dian)(dian)力正(zheng)式從貴州輸入湖南(nan)電(dian)(dian)網。
蓄水情況
三板溪水(shui)電站壩址以上控制流域(yu)面積11051km2,在水(shui)庫(ku)達到(dao)正常蓄(xu)水(shui)水(shui)位(wei)475米后,水(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)容40.94億m3,蓄(xu)水(shui)深度將有55層樓房高,形成79.56km2的遼闊水(shui)域(yu)面積
蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)情況三板溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站壩址以上控制流(liu)域面積11051km2,在水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)達到正(zheng)常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位475米后,水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)庫(ku)(ku)容40.94億m3,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)度將有55層樓房高,形(xing)成79.56km2的遼闊水(shui)(shui)(shui)域面積。
風景
三板(ban)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)湖(hu)區(qu)大(da)壩高(gao)(gao)185.5米,為國(guo)內第二、世界第三高(gao)(gao)壩。湖(hu)區(qu)主航(hang)道(dao)達130公里(li),支航(hang)道(dao)120公里(li),湖(hu)面面積近85平(ping)方公里(li)。湖(hu)區(qu)回水(shui)(shui)后形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一(yi)個山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)水(shui)(shui)、水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、千奇百怪、美不勝收的(de)(de)(de)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)物公園(yuan)”。湖(hu)區(qu)沿岸有(you)文(wen)斗(dou)、裕和(he)、韶(shao)藹、瑤白、河口、固(gu)本(ben)等民(min)(min)族村寨(zhai);湖(hu)區(qu)有(you)烏下江風光、烏斗(dou)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)多(duo)級瀑布(bu)群(qun)、五溪(xi)(xi)(xi)原(yuan)(yuan)始森林及豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物等;湖(hu)區(qu)西南面是(shi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)臺地(di)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)界,青山(shan)(shan)(shan)界有(you)五萬畝(mu)天(tian)然草(cao)場,點綴著許多(duo)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)湖(hu)泊,俗稱(cheng)“九十九眼天(tian)池”,蘊藏著許多(duo)美麗動人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間傳說。按(an)照旅(lv)游專家的(de)(de)(de)考察,青山(shan)(shan)(shan)界可開發成(cheng)(cheng)為旅(lv)游避暑(shu)的(de)(de)(de)勝地(di),可建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)國(guo)際性的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)爾夫(fu)球(qiu)場及山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)自行車場,還(huan)可開發滑草(cao)運動。這個由大(da)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)程造就而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特殊旅(lv)游區(qu),人(ren)為形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)使(shi)居于深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上部的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)苗侗村寨(zhai)、罕(han)見原(yuan)(yuan)始植被和(he)涼爽氣候由遙不能及變為輕松可達,是(shi)集民(min)(min)族歷史文(wen)化村寨(zhai)、避暑(shu)、探險、水(shui)(shui)上運動、航(hang)渡、生(sheng)(sheng)態觀光為一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)性景區(qu)。
氣候
清水江(jiang)流域(yu)屬(shu)副熱(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候區(qu),溫(wen)濕多雨,四(si)季(ji)分明。壩址(zhi)(zhi)多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)16.4℃。壩址(zhi)(zhi)控制(zhi)集水面積11051萬平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降雨量1279mm,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均流量240立方(fang)米/秒,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均徑流量75.69億立方(fang)米,洪(hong)水由暴(bao)雨形成(cheng)。
設計
壩(ba)址(zhi)為(wei)不對稱(cheng)“V”型峽(xia)谷(gu),兩岸(an)(an)基巖多裸露,河床(chuang)復(fu)蓋(gai)層薄。右(you)岸(an)(an)山體雄厚,右(you)岸(an)(an)岸(an)(an)坡45~60°;左岸(an)(an)岸(an)(an)坡40~45°,高程478m以上較單薄,為(wei)條(tiao)形(xing)山脊,巖石風化較深。壩(ba)址(zhi)巖性主要為(wei)元古界(jie)板溪(xi)群清水江組變(bian)(bian)余凝(ning)灰巖、變(bian)(bian)余凝(ning)灰質砂(sha)巖等。工程地質條(tiao)件較好,地震基本烈度(du)為(wei)6度(du)。
樞紐布(bu)置為(wei):河床布(bu)置主壩,左(zuo)岸條形山(shan)脊(ji)上布(bu)置副(fu)壩;溢(yi)洪道(dao)布(bu)置在(zai)左(zuo)岸,位于主、副(fu)壩之(zhi)間;泄(xie)洪洞布(bu)置在(zai)溢(yi)洪道(dao)左(zuo)側山(shan)體(ti)中;地(di)下引(yin)水發電廠房布(bu)置在(zai)右岸。
攔河(he)壩(ba):主壩(ba)和副(fu)壩(ba)均(jun)為混凝土面板(ban)堆石壩(ba),壩(ba)頂高(gao)程482.50m,壩(ba)頂寬10.00m,主壩(ba)壩(ba)頂長423.75m,最(zui)大壩(ba)高(gao)185.50m,副(fu)壩(ba)壩(ba)頂長233.78m,最(zui)大壩(ba)高(gao)50.50m,主、副(fu)壩(ba)上下游壩(ba)坡均(jun)為1:1.4。
溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)(dao):溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)為(wei)岸邊開敞式溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)。長(chang)686m,溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)堰為(wei)WES實用(yong)堰,堰頂高程456.00m,設3孔溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)表孔,孔口閘門尺寸20m×19m(寬×高),采用(yong)挑流(liu)(liu)消能。設計洪(hong)水位和校核洪(hong)水位時的下泄流(liu)(liu)量分別(bie)為(wei)10306m3/s和13100m3/s,最(zui)大流(liu)(liu)速(su)為(wei)45.6m/s。
泄洪(hong)洞(dong):泄洪(hong)洞(dong)位(wei)于溢洪(hong)道左側,塔式進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)底板高程(cheng)400.00m,進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)設2孔(kong)5m×9m(寬×高)的深孔(kong),其(qi)后(hou)接13m×13.5m(寬×高)的城門洞(dong)型(xing)無(wu)壓隧洞(dong),總長約(yue)816m,其(qi)中(zhong)隧洞(dong)長約(yue)745m,采用挑流消(xiao)能。設計洪(hong)水(shui)位(wei)和校核洪(hong)水(shui)位(wei)時下(xia)泄流量(liang)分別為(wei)2880m3/s和2940m3/s,洞(dong)內最大(da)流速為(wei)42.1m/s。
發電(dian)引(yin)水(shui)系(xi)統:右(you)岸地下(xia)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)裝有4臺單(dan)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)為25萬(wan)kW的混流式水(shui)輪發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu),電(dian)站進水(shui)口為岸塔(ta)式,引(yin)水(shui)隧洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)為7.0m,單(dan)機(ji)(ji)單(dan)洞(dong)(dong)引(yin)水(shui)。主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)尺寸為147.5m×22.7m×60.0m(長×寬×高),主(zhu)(zhu)變壓器開關(guan)室位(wei)于主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)下(xia)游,尺寸為111.0m×23.0m×31.8m(長×寬×高)。尾(wei)水(shui)系(xi)統采用“2機(ji)(ji)1井1洞(dong)(dong)”的布置方式。尾(wei)水(shui)設(she)2個阻抗式調壓井,內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)24m,高度約61.8m。2條尾(wei)水(shui)隧洞(dong)(dong)的內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)均為12.0m。
施工導(dao)(dao)流:采用隧(sui)洞(dong)導(dao)(dao)流,一(yi)次攔斷(duan)河(he)床(chuang)的導(dao)(dao)流方式。導(dao)(dao)流隧(sui)洞(dong)布置在左岸,過水(shui)斷(duan)面尺寸為(wei)16.0m×18.0m(寬×高),隧(sui)洞(dong)斷(duan)面為(wei)城門洞(dong)型,隧(sui)洞(dong)長734m。上、下(xia)游圍堰均為(wei)土(tu)石圍堰。截流后采取“枯搶攔洪”渡(du)汛方案。
建設意義
三(san)板溪水電(dian)站(zhan)壩址所在地(di)平略鎮(zhen),2002年財政收(shou)入126.5萬元(yuan),是上年的(de)(de)兩倍多(duo)。該鎮(zhen)2001年前(qian)暫住人(ren)口(kou)只有25人(ren),現(xian)在已(yi)有4100多(duo)人(ren)。僅平略村和八洋村的(de)(de)飲食、服(fu)務業就有143戶,是電(dian)站(zhan)開工前(qian)的(de)(de)13倍。鎮(zhen)內(nei)的(de)(de)客運、貨(huo)運車船也由原來的(de)(de)10多(duo)輛(liang)(艘)增加到(dao)96輛(liang)(艘)。
三(san)板溪水電站開工(gong)建設,使錦屏縣具備(bei)了(le)由漸進式發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)向跨越式發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)有利條件,電站工(gong)程今年計劃投資(zi)11億元,將(jiang)進一步拉動錦屏縣的(de)經濟社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。