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水庫概況

黑龍(long)江(jiang)省北(bei)部北(bei)引榘道的一座大(da)型反調節(jie)平原水庫(ku)，位(wei)于(yu)(yu)黑龍(long)江(jiang)省安(an)達(da)市(shi)與大(da)慶市(shi)龍(long)鳳區結合部，距(ju)安(an)達(da)市(shi)區東(dong)北(bei)約2 5千米，距(ju)大(da)慶市(shi)龍(long)鳳區東(dong)約12.5千米，總庫(ku)容(rong)1.16億立方米。工程于(yu)(yu)1972年9月動工，1974年9月竣工蓄水。

水庫區(qu)域屬中溫帶大(da)陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候區(qu)，冬季嚴寒(han)而漫(man)長，春季干旱多(duo)大(da)風(feng)，夏季高(gao)溫而多(duo)雨，秋季涼爽(shuang)短(duan)促。多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫3.3攝(she)氏度，最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫出現在(zai)1月(yue)為一3r7.2攝(she)氏度，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫出現在(zai)7月(yue)，為38.3攝(she)氏度。多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)為426毫米(mi)，多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)年(nian)水面蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)為972毫米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)大(da)凍土深2.14米(mi)。

水(shui)庫壩址以上引水(shui)渠道長(chang)242.745千(qian)(qian)米（其中(zhong)總干(gan)渠長(chang)203.315千(qian)(qian)米，薩(sa)爾(er)圖(tu)分干(gan)渠長(chang)39.43千(qian)(qian)米）。多年(nian)平均(jun)年(nian)引水(shui)量為4.65億(yi)立方米，年(nian)平均(jun)輸沙量12.33萬噸(dun)，水(shui)質(zhi)達到(dao)Ⅱ類水(shui)標準。

工(gong)程主要由土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)、溢洪(hong)道、進(jin)水(shui)閘(zha)和提水(shui)泵(beng)站(zhan)組成。土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)包(bao)括主壩(ba)(ba)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)和東副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)，全系均質(zhi)土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)，全長16.67千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，頂(ding)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，主壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程為(wei)150.95米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程為(wei)149米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。主壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)址位(wei)(wei)于安達市種牛場，副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)涉及(ji)大(da)慶市乙烯(xi)農場，大(da)慶市農工(gong)商集團的一分場、五分場。溢洪(hong)道位(wei)(wei)于主壩(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側9+945米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)，其(qi)結構(gou)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)閘(zha)、橋(qiao)整(zheng)體式(shi)(shi)(shi)，2孔，每(mei)(mei)孔凈(jing)寬(kuan)為(wei)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，裝(zhuang)有2扇平板鋼閘(zha)門(men)，尺寸4.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最大(da)泄流(liu)量70立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒。進(jin)水(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)(wei)于西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)北端，薩(sa)爾圖(tu)分干渠末(mo)端39+450千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)，其(qi)結構(gou)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)閘(zha)橋(qiao)整(zheng)體式(shi)(shi)(shi)，2孔，每(mei)(mei)孔凈(jing)寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。閘(zha)門(men)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)平板鋼閘(zha)門(men)，閘(zha)門(men)尺寸4.34米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，設計(ji)引(yin)水(shui)流(liu)量為(wei)20.2立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒。提水(shui)泵(beng)站(zhan)位(wei)(wei)于西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)中端3+250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)伸入(ru)庫(ku)區內300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，取水(shui)最低水(shui)位(wei)(wei)144.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，引(yin)水(shui)口底高程142.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，呈(cheng)“八”字形(xing)，泵(beng)房內安裝(zhuang)軸流(liu)泵(beng)5臺(tai)，設計(ji)日最大(da)提水(shui)能力32萬噸。

紅(hong)旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)庫是大慶(qing)(qing)石油化(hua)工(gong)生產(chan)及居(ju)民生活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)的(de)重要水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地，其中大慶(qing)(qing)石化(hua)總廠(chang)總用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量的(de)98%來自該水(shui)(shui)庫。紅(hong)旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)庫一直是險庫，庫岸經(jing)常出(chu)現滑(hua)坡等(deng)險情(qing)，其中最大一次險情(qing)發生在1991年(nian)，泄水(shui)(shui)閘東(dong)側的(de)滑(hua)坡險些造成水(shui)(shui)庫潰壩(ba)。1996年(nian)7月18日水(shui)(shui)庫進行除(chu)險加固工(gong)程建(jian)設，于1998年(nian)6月30日竣(jun)工(gong)，保證了石油化(hua)工(gong)生產(chan)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)及居(ju)民生活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)安(an)全。

紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)遼闊，南北長7.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi)，東西寬6.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)35平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。庫(ku)(ku)區內有一個天然小(xiao)(xiao)島——仙人(ren)島，面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)1平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。小(xiao)(xiao)島似(si)一枚(mei)蚌含珍珠，枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)游(you)人(ren)可涉水(shui)(shui)(shui)進入，豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)乘舟進入仙境般的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)島。島上森(sen)林密(mi)布(bu)、蘆葦豐厚、溪流清澈，頑石(shi)露頭(tou)。據(ju)不(bu)完全統(tong)計，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)中有魚(yu)(yu)類40多種(zhong)(zhong)，有人(ren)們熟悉的(de)鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)、鯽魚(yu)(yu)等，又有被稱(cheng)為(wei)“三花(hua)”的(de)名貴魚(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)鰲花(hua)、鳊花(hua)、吉花(hua)。

水庫樞紐

紅旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫樞紐(niu)工(gong)程包括：大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)、泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)。此外有大(da)(da)(da)慶市所屬大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵站1處。大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)均質土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)，全(quan)長(chang)16．67公里(li)，分主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)3478米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)5．36米(mi)(mi)，迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)坡(po)為(wei)渣油混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)8厘米(mi)(mi)墊(dian)層，5厘米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)瀝青(qing)砂漿(jiang)坐漿(jiang)。上層用30×25×25立方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi)的料石(shi)護砌(qi)(qi)，縫隙灌(guan)注(zhu)瀝青(qing)砂漿(jiang)。西(xi)(xi)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)全(quan)長(chang)9445米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)3．71米(mi)(mi)，迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)有5080米(mi)(mi)長(chang)直接采用20厘米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)的渣油混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)護坡(po)，其余為(wei)土(tu)(tu)緩(huan)坡(po)，草(cao)皮護砌(qi)(qi)。東(dong)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)全(quan)長(chang)3750米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)2．5米(mi)(mi)，迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)少部(bu)分采用厚(hou)度(du)15厘米(mi)(mi)渣油混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)護砌(qi)(qi)，大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分是土(tu)(tu)緩(huan)坡(po)，用草(cao)皮子護砌(qi)(qi)。進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位于(yu)西(xi)(xi)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)北端，為(wei)4×2．2米(mi)(mi)，2孔鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)整體式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量20立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位于(yu)庫南主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中間(jian)偏西(xi)(xi)部(bu)位，為(wei)2孔4×4米(mi)(mi)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)整體式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)泄流(liu)量70立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通過尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)北二十(shi)里(li)泡，進入(ru)(ru)閉流(liu)區排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統，而后泄入(ru)(ru)松花江。

水庫建設

紅旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由(you)(you)(you)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利勘測設(she)計(ji)院設(she)計(ji)，1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)開始施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。土(tu)(tu)壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由(you)(you)(you)松花江地(di)區11個(ge)縣(xian)的民(min)兵團施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和(he)泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)由(you)(you)(you)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利第五工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)處施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。國(guo)家共投資1078萬(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)建成后，1976—1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)對西(xi)副壩渣油混凝土(tu)(tu)護坡出現的裂縫(feng)和(he)部分(fen)洞穴進行了維修。增加10厘米(mi)的混凝土(tu)(tu)板(ban)護砌，用(yong)渣油瀝青(qing)砂漿(jiang)灌注，護砌到(dao)(dao)設(she)計(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位。紅旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)由(you)(you)(you)省北部引(yin)嫩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理處紅旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管理所管理，設(she)計(ji)日(ri)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)30萬(wan)噸，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)凈供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1．09億(yi)立方米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)為(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)調(diao)節，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業要求(qiu)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不間斷供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，在(zai)運(yun)用(yong)上春、夏、秋三季隨來隨用(yong)，冰(bing)凍(dong)期采取10月(yue)末以前蓄(xu)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，去掉冰(bing)層(ceng)和(he)死庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容，滿足(zu)6個(ge)月(yue)結(jie)冰(bing)期的化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)建成后未達(da)到(dao)(dao)設(she)計(ji)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以前日(ri)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)8萬(wan)立方米(mi)，1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)15—20萬(wan)立方米(mi)。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)征收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)182萬(wan)元。