水庫概況
黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)北部北引(yin)榘道的一座大(da)型反調節平(ping)原水(shui)庫(ku),位于黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)安達(da)市與大(da)慶市龍鳳區結合部,距安達(da)市區東(dong)北約(yue)2 5千米,距大(da)慶市龍鳳區東(dong)約(yue)12.5千米,總庫(ku)容1.16億立(li)方米。工程于1972年(nian)9月動工,1974年(nian)9月竣工蓄水(shui)。
水庫區域屬中溫帶(dai)大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,冬(dong)季(ji)嚴寒而漫長(chang),春季(ji)干(gan)旱多大(da)風(feng),夏季(ji)高溫而多雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)涼爽短促。多年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫3.3攝(she)氏(shi)度,最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫出現在(zai)1月為(wei)(wei)一3r7.2攝(she)氏(shi)度,最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫出現在(zai)7月,為(wei)(wei)38.3攝(she)氏(shi)度。多年平(ping)均年降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)426毫米(mi),多年平(ping)均年水面蒸發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)972毫米(mi),最(zui)(zui)大(da)凍土深2.14米(mi)。
水(shui)庫壩址(zhi)以(yi)上引(yin)水(shui)渠道長(chang)242.745千米(mi)(其中總干(gan)(gan)渠長(chang)203.315千米(mi),薩爾圖分干(gan)(gan)渠長(chang)39.43千米(mi))。多年平均年引(yin)水(shui)量為4.65億立方米(mi),年平均輸(shu)沙量12.33萬噸(dun),水(shui)質達到Ⅱ類水(shui)標準。
工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要(yao)由土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)、進水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和提(ti)水(shui)(shui)泵站組成(cheng)。土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)包括主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和東(dong)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全系均質土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全長16.67千(qian)米(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi),頂(ding)寬3米(mi)(mi),主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)150.95米(mi)(mi),副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)149米(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址(zhi)位于(yu)(yu)安達(da)市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)牛場(chang),副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)位置(zhi)涉及(ji)大(da)慶市(shi)(shi)乙烯農場(chang),大(da)慶市(shi)(shi)農工(gong)商(shang)集團的一(yi)分場(chang)、五分場(chang)。溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)位于(yu)(yu)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西側9+945米(mi)(mi)處,其結(jie)構型(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)土閘(zha)、橋整(zheng)體(ti)式(shi)(shi),2孔(kong),每(mei)孔(kong)凈寬為(wei)(wei)4米(mi)(mi),裝有(you)2扇平(ping)(ping)板鋼(gang)閘(zha)門(men),尺(chi)寸(cun)4.36米(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)泄流量(liang)70立方米(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)。進水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位于(yu)(yu)西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)北(bei)端,薩(sa)爾圖分干渠末端39+450千(qian)米(mi)(mi)處,其結(jie)構型(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)土閘(zha)橋整(zheng)體(ti)式(shi)(shi),2孔(kong),每(mei)孔(kong)凈寬4米(mi)(mi)。閘(zha)門(men)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)板鋼(gang)閘(zha)門(men),閘(zha)門(men)尺(chi)寸(cun)4.34米(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi),設計(ji)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)流量(liang)為(wei)(wei)20.2立方米(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒(miao)。提(ti)水(shui)(shui)泵站位于(yu)(yu)西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中端3+250米(mi)(mi)處伸入庫區(qu)內(nei)300米(mi)(mi),取水(shui)(shui)最(zui)低水(shui)(shui)位144.5米(mi)(mi),引(yin)水(shui)(shui)口底高程(cheng)(cheng)142.5米(mi)(mi),呈“八”字形,泵房內(nei)安裝軸流泵5臺,設計(ji)日最(zui)大(da)提(ti)水(shui)(shui)能(neng)力(li)32萬噸。
紅旗(qi)泡水庫(ku)是大(da)(da)慶石油(you)化工生產(chan)及居(ju)民(min)生活用(yong)水的(de)重(zhong)要水源(yuan)地,其(qi)中大(da)(da)慶石化總廠總用(yong)水量(liang)的(de)98%來自(zi)該水庫(ku)。紅旗(qi)泡水庫(ku)一直(zhi)是險(xian)庫(ku),庫(ku)岸經常(chang)出現滑坡等(deng)險(xian)情,其(qi)中最大(da)(da)一次險(xian)情發生在(zai)1991年,泄水閘(zha)東側的(de)滑坡險(xian)些造成水庫(ku)潰壩。1996年7月(yue)18日水庫(ku)進行除險(xian)加固工程建設(she),于1998年6月(yue)30日竣工,保(bao)證了石油(you)化工生產(chan)用(yong)水及居(ju)民(min)生活用(yong)水安全。
紅(hong)旗泡水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)遼闊,南(nan)北長7.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)6.5千(qian)米(mi)(mi),水(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為35平(ping)方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。庫(ku)(ku)區內(nei)有(you)(you)一個天然小島——仙(xian)人(ren)島,面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約1平(ping)方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。小島似一枚蚌(bang)含珍(zhen)珠(zhu),枯水(shui)期(qi)游(you)人(ren)可涉水(shui)進入,豐水(shui)期(qi)乘舟進入仙(xian)境(jing)般的(de)小島。島上森林密布、蘆(lu)葦豐厚、溪流清澈(che),頑石露頭。據不完(wan)全統計,水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)中有(you)(you)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類40多種,有(you)(you)人(ren)們熟悉的(de)鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)等,又有(you)(you)被稱為“三花(hua)”的(de)名貴魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種鰲花(hua)、鳊花(hua)、吉(ji)花(hua)。
水庫樞紐
紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫樞紐工程(cheng)包括:大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)、泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)。此外(wai)有大(da)(da)慶市所屬(shu)大(da)(da)型(xing)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)站1處。大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為均質土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),全長(chang)16.67公里(li),分主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)和東、西(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)3478米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面坡為渣油混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)8厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)墊層,5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)厚瀝青砂漿(jiang)坐(zuo)漿(jiang)。上(shang)層用(yong)30×25×25立方厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的料石護砌(qi),縫(feng)隙灌注(zhu)瀝青砂漿(jiang)。西(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)全長(chang)9445米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高3.71米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面有5080米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)直(zhi)接采(cai)用(yong)20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)厚的渣油混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)護坡,其(qi)余為土(tu)(tu)緩坡,草皮護砌(qi)。東副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)全長(chang)3750米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面少部分采(cai)用(yong)厚度15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)渣油混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)護砌(qi),大(da)(da)部分是土(tu)(tu)緩坡,用(yong)草皮子(zi)護砌(qi)。進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)西(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)北(bei)端(duan),為4×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),2孔鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體(ti)式閘(zha),最大(da)(da)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量20立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)庫南主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)間偏西(xi)部位(wei)(wei),為2孔4×4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體(ti)式閘(zha),最大(da)(da)泄(xie)流(liu)量70立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通過尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠注(zhu)入(ru)北(bei)二十(shi)里(li)泡(pao),進(jin)(jin)入(ru)閉流(liu)區(qu)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統,而后泄(xie)入(ru)松花江。
水庫建設
紅(hong)旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)由省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利勘測設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)院設(she)(she)(she)計(ji),1972年(nian)9月開始施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),1974年(nian)9月竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。土壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)由松花(hua)江地區11個縣(xian)的(de)民兵團施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)和泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)由省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利第五(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)處(chu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。國家共投資(zi)1078萬(wan)元(yuan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)成(cheng)后(hou),1976—1977年(nian)對西副壩(ba)渣(zha)(zha)油混凝(ning)土護(hu)坡出現的(de)裂縫和部分洞穴(xue)進行了維修。增加10厘(li)米(mi)的(de)混凝(ning)土板護(hu)砌(qi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)渣(zha)(zha)油瀝青砂(sha)漿灌注,護(hu)砌(qi)到(dao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位。紅(hong)旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)由省(sheng)北部引嫩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)處(chu)紅(hong)旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管理(li)所管理(li),設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)日供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量30萬(wan)噸,年(nian)凈(jing)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量1.09億立方(fang)米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)為年(nian)調(diao)節,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業要求(qiu)常年(nian)不間斷供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),在運用(yong)(yong)(yong)上春、夏、秋三季(ji)隨來隨用(yong)(yong)(yong),冰凍期(qi)采取10月末(mo)以前蓄滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),去掉冰層和死庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容,滿足6個月結冰期(qi)的(de)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)成(cheng)后(hou)未達(da)到(dao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量。1980年(nian)以前日供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量8萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),1985年(nian)日供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量達(da)到(dao)15—20萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)。每年(nian)征收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)182萬(wan)元(yuan)。