水庫概況
黑龍(long)江(jiang)省北部北引榘道的一座大(da)型(xing)反調節平原水庫,位于黑龍(long)江(jiang)省安達市(shi)與大(da)慶市(shi)龍(long)鳳區(qu)結合部,距安達市(shi)區(qu)東北約(yue)(yue)2 5千(qian)米(mi),距大(da)慶市(shi)龍(long)鳳區(qu)東約(yue)(yue)12.5千(qian)米(mi),總庫容1.16億立(li)方米(mi)。工(gong)程于1972年9月動(dong)工(gong),1974年9月竣工(gong)蓄水。
水庫區域屬中溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣候區,冬季(ji)嚴寒而漫(man)長,春季(ji)干旱多大(da)風,夏(xia)季(ji)高(gao)溫(wen)而多雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)涼爽短促。多年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)3.3攝氏度(du),最低氣溫(wen)出現在1月(yue)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)3r7.2攝氏度(du),最高(gao)氣溫(wen)出現在7月(yue),為(wei)(wei)38.3攝氏度(du)。多年(nian)平均年(nian)降水量為(wei)(wei)426毫(hao)米,多年(nian)平均年(nian)水面(mian)蒸發量為(wei)(wei)972毫(hao)米,最大(da)凍土深2.14米。
水庫壩址以上引水渠道長(chang)242.745千米(mi)(其(qi)中總干(gan)(gan)渠長(chang)203.315千米(mi),薩爾圖分干(gan)(gan)渠長(chang)39.43千米(mi))。多年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)引水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)4.65億立方(fang)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平均輸沙量(liang)(liang)12.33萬噸,水質(zhi)達(da)到(dao)Ⅱ類水標準。
工程(cheng)主(zhu)要由土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢(yi)洪道、進(jin)水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)和(he)提水(shui)(shui)泵站(zhan)組成。土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)包括主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)東副壩(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)系均質土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)長16.67千米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)為(wei)150.95米(mi)(mi)(mi),副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)為(wei)149米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址位(wei)于(yu)安達市種(zhong)牛場(chang)(chang),副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)位(wei)置涉及大(da)慶(qing)市乙烯(xi)農場(chang)(chang),大(da)慶(qing)市農工商集團的一分(fen)場(chang)(chang)、五分(fen)場(chang)(chang)。溢(yi)洪道位(wei)于(yu)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)西側9+945米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu),其結構(gou)型式為(wei)鋼筋混凝土(tu)閘(zha)(zha)、橋整體式,2孔,每(mei)孔凈寬(kuan)為(wei)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),裝有2扇(shan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)鋼閘(zha)(zha)門(men)(men),尺(chi)寸4.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)泄(xie)流量(liang)70立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位(wei)于(yu)西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)北端(duan),薩爾(er)圖分(fen)干渠末端(duan)39+450千米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu),其結構(gou)型式為(wei)鋼筋混凝土(tu)閘(zha)(zha)橋整體式,2孔,每(mei)孔凈寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。閘(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)型式為(wei)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)鋼閘(zha)(zha)門(men)(men),閘(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)尺(chi)寸4.34米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),設計引水(shui)(shui)流量(liang)為(wei)20.2立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。提水(shui)(shui)泵站(zhan)位(wei)于(yu)西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)端(duan)3+250米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)伸入(ru)庫區內300米(mi)(mi)(mi),取水(shui)(shui)最低水(shui)(shui)位(wei)144.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),引水(shui)(shui)口底高(gao)程(cheng)142.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),呈(cheng)“八”字形,泵房內安裝軸(zhou)流泵5臺,設計日最大(da)提水(shui)(shui)能力32萬(wan)噸。
紅(hong)旗(qi)(qi)泡水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)是(shi)大慶石(shi)油化工生產及居民(min)(min)生活用(yong)(yong)水(shui)的重(zhong)要水(shui)源地(di),其中(zhong)(zhong)大慶石(shi)化總廠(chang)總用(yong)(yong)水(shui)量的98%來自(zi)該水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)。紅(hong)旗(qi)(qi)泡水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)直是(shi)險(xian)(xian)庫(ku)(ku)(ku),庫(ku)(ku)(ku)岸(an)經常(chang)出現滑坡等險(xian)(xian)情,其中(zhong)(zhong)最大一(yi)次險(xian)(xian)情發生在1991年,泄水(shui)閘(zha)東側的滑坡險(xian)(xian)些造成水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)潰壩。1996年7月18日(ri)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)進行除(chu)險(xian)(xian)加固工程建設,于1998年6月30日(ri)竣工,保證了石(shi)油化工生產用(yong)(yong)水(shui)及居民(min)(min)生活用(yong)(yong)水(shui)安全。
紅(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)遼(liao)闊,南北(bei)長(chang)7.5千(qian)米,東(dong)西寬6.5千(qian)米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積為35平方千(qian)米。庫區內(nei)有(you)一個天然小(xiao)島——仙人(ren)島,面(mian)(mian)積約1平方千(qian)米。小(xiao)島似(si)一枚(mei)蚌含珍珠,枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)游人(ren)可涉水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)入,豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)乘舟進(jin)入仙境般的小(xiao)島。島上森林密布、蘆(lu)葦豐(feng)厚、溪流清澈,頑石露頭。據不完全統計,水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫中有(you)魚(yu)類40多(duo)種,有(you)人(ren)們熟悉的鯉魚(yu)、鯽魚(yu)等,又有(you)被稱為“三花”的名貴(gui)魚(yu)種鰲花、鳊花、吉花。
水庫樞紐
紅旗泡水(shui)庫樞紐工程包括(kuo):大壩(ba)、進(jin)水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)、泄水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)。此外有大慶市所屬大型抽水(shui)泵站1處。大壩(ba)為(wei)(wei)均質土(tu)(tu)壩(ba),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)16.67公(gong)里,分主(zhu)壩(ba)和東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)。主(zhu)壩(ba)長(chang)(chang)3478米(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)高(gao)5.36米(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)面坡(po)為(wei)(wei)渣油混凝土(tu)(tu)8厘米(mi)(mi)墊層(ceng),5厘米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)瀝青(qing)砂漿坐漿。上層(ceng)用(yong)(yong)30×25×25立方厘米(mi)(mi)的(de)料石護(hu)砌(qi),縫隙(xi)灌注瀝青(qing)砂漿。西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)9445米(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)高(gao)3.71米(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)面有5080米(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)直接采用(yong)(yong)20厘米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)的(de)渣油混凝土(tu)(tu)護(hu)坡(po),其余為(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)緩(huan)(huan)坡(po),草皮護(hu)砌(qi)。東副(fu)壩(ba)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)3750米(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)高(gao)2.5米(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)面少部(bu)分采用(yong)(yong)厚(hou)度(du)15厘米(mi)(mi)渣油混凝土(tu)(tu)護(hu)砌(qi),大部(bu)分是(shi)土(tu)(tu)緩(huan)(huan)坡(po),用(yong)(yong)草皮子護(hu)砌(qi)。進(jin)水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位于西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)北(bei)端(duan),為(wei)(wei)4×2.2米(mi)(mi),2孔(kong)鋼(gang)筋混凝土(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體式(shi)(shi)閘(zha)(zha),最大進(jin)水(shui)量20立方米(mi)(mi)/秒。泄水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位于庫南(nan)主(zhu)壩(ba)中(zhong)間(jian)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)位,為(wei)(wei)2孔(kong)4×4米(mi)(mi)鋼(gang)筋混凝土(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體式(shi)(shi)閘(zha)(zha),最大泄流量70立方米(mi)(mi)/秒。泄水(shui)通過尾水(shui)渠注入(ru)北(bei)二十里泡,進(jin)入(ru)閉流區排水(shui)系統,而后(hou)泄入(ru)松(song)花江。
水庫建設
紅(hong)(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程由(you)(you)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利勘測設(she)計(ji)(ji)院設(she)計(ji)(ji),1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)開始施工(gong)(gong)(gong),1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)。土壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)程由(you)(you)松(song)花(hua)江地區(qu)11個縣的(de)民兵團(tuan)施工(gong)(gong)(gong),進(jin)水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和泄水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)由(you)(you)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利第五(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程處施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。國家共(gong)投資1078萬(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)成后,1976—1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)對西副壩渣(zha)油(you)混(hun)凝土護坡(po)出現的(de)裂縫和部分洞穴進(jin)行了維修。增加10厘(li)米的(de)混(hun)凝土板護砌(qi),用(yong)渣(zha)油(you)瀝青砂漿灌注,護砌(qi)到設(she)計(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)位。紅(hong)(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)由(you)(you)省(sheng)北部引嫩(nen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管理處紅(hong)(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管理所管理,設(she)計(ji)(ji)日供(gong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)30萬(wan)噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)(nian)凈供(gong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1.09億立(li)方米。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)為年(nian)(nian)(nian)調節,工(gong)(gong)(gong)業要求常年(nian)(nian)(nian)不間斷(duan)供(gong)水(shui)(shui),在運用(yong)上春、夏、秋(qiu)三季(ji)隨來隨用(yong),冰(bing)凍(dong)期(qi)(qi)采取10月(yue)末(mo)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)蓄滿水(shui)(shui),去掉冰(bing)層(ceng)和死庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容,滿足(zu)6個月(yue)結(jie)冰(bing)期(qi)(qi)的(de)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產用(yong)水(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)成后未達到設(she)計(ji)(ji)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)日供(gong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)8萬(wan)立(li)方米,1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)日供(gong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)達到15—20萬(wan)立(li)方米。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)征收水(shui)(shui)費(fei)182萬(wan)元。