于(yu)橋(qiao)水庫(ku)位于(yu)天津市薊縣城東(dong)，是國家(jia)重點大型水庫(ku)之(zhi)一，水庫(ku)壩址建于(yu)薊運(yun)河左支流州河出口處。
控制流(liu)域面積(ji)2060 k㎡，占整個州河(he)流(liu)域面積(ji)的(de)96%。州河(he)由沙(sha)河(he)、淋(lin)河(he)、黎河(he)三大(da)支(zhi)流(liu)匯合(he)而成，各支(zhi)流(liu)上游溝(gou)澗甚多，支(zhi)流(liu)分散成輻射狀匯集(ji)于(yu)(yu)州河(he)盆地，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)區即位于(yu)(yu)該(gai)盆地，最(zui)大(da)回水(shui)(shui)長東西約30km，南北寬8km，最(zui)大(da)淹沒(mei)(mei)面積(ji)250k㎡（正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)位時(shi)淹沒(mei)(mei)面積(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州河(he)流(liu)域境內雨(yu)量(liang)充沛(pei)，多年平(ping)均降雨(yu)750mm，多年平(ping)均徑流(liu)量(liang)5.06億m3。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)運用(yong)初期(qi)，曾(ceng)出現(xian)(xian)過壩下(xia)游大(da)面積(ji)沼澤化、管涌等現(xian)(xian)象，唐(tang)山大(da)地震后，主(zhu)河(he)床附近壩段壩坡腳(jiao)產生裂縫，壩基出現(xian)(xian)砂層液化現(xian)(xian)象。
建立時間
該庫(ku)始建(jian)(jian)于1959年(nian)(nian)，1960年(nian)(nian)7月完成(cheng)第—期工程(cheng)(cheng)(攔(lan)河(he)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、泄洪(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)(nian)續建(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)挖溢洪(hong)道(實際只(zhi)開(kai)(kai)挖至23.0米高程(cheng)(cheng))。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為一級建(jian)(jian)筑物，按千年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)計，最大洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核(he)(he)，抗震按8度設(she)防(fang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位21.16米，校(xiao)核(he)(he)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位27.72米。“75.8”河(he)南大水(shui)(shui)(shui)后，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)被(bei)列為病險(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，因(yin)此按千年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)(yu)設(she)計，最大可能洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核(he)(he)標(biao)準對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)進行(xing)除險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固，設(she)計洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位25．62米，洪(hong)峰(feng)流量(liang)8327立方米/秒(miao)，校(xiao)核(he)(he)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位27.72米，洪(hong)峰(feng)流量(liang)17960立方米/秒(miao)。為保證(zheng)引灤工程(cheng)(cheng)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)1982至1983年(nian)(nian)對(dui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)實施了加(jia)(jia)高壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)、加(jia)(jia)固壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)坡(po)及壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)截滲等工程(cheng)(cheng)措施。1995年(nian)(nian)1996年(nian)(nian)采用高噴(pen)防(fang)滲墻(qiang)結合壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后壓(ya)重的(de)方法再次對(dui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)進行(xing)了局部加(jia)(jia)固處理(li)。2001年(nian)(nian)至2003年(nian)(nian)再次對(dui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)進行(xing)加(jia)(jia)固處理(li)(包括420米的(de)防(fang)滲墻(qiang)，高壓(ya)噴(pen)射(she)灌漿、補噴(pen)、接觸灌漿、現澆砼(tong)防(fang)浪墻(qiang)、減壓(ya)溝回填(tian)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后壓(ya)重、迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)坡(po)護砌)。
工程構造
水庫樞紐工程有(you)攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)、放水洞、溢洪(hong)道、水電站。攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)均(jun)質土壩(ba)(ba)，全長2222m，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高24m，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程28.72m。放水洞（兼發電洞）洞徑5m，壩(ba)(ba)后電站設(she)貫流(liu)式機組(zu)四(si)臺，總裝機5000千瓦。溢洪(hong)道為(wei)開敞式堰閘，八孔閘門，凈寬80m，最大(da)泄(xie)洪(hong)能力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總庫容(rong)15.59億立方米，正(zheng)常蓄(xu)水位(wei)21.16米(大沽)，汛限水位(wei)19.87米，死水位(wei)15米。水庫下游直接影響范圍有薊縣(xian)、寶坻、寧(ning)河(he)、玉(yu)田、漢沽等(deng)各縣(xian)（區）的低洼(wa)地(di)區近百萬(wan)人口，300余萬(wan)畝耕地(di)。
風光特產
風景(jing)秀麗(li)、群山環繞的(de)(de)(de)于橋水庫坐落在(zai)薊(ji)縣(xian)城東(dong)，又名(ming)(ming)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖，因南依翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山而(er)得名(ming)(ming)。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖水面(mian)寬(kuan)闊，東(dong)西(xi)長30公里，南北(bei)最寬(kuan)處15公里。登翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山俯瞰，煙波浩(hao)淼(miao)，水天一(yi)色；蕩舟湖上，鷗浮(fu)上下(xia)，魚戲東(dong)西(xi)。南岸的(de)(de)(de)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山綠(lv)樹(shu)成(cheng)蔭，花(hua)果(guo)滿園，葡萄壓枝。象一(yi)幅五彩斑斕的(de)(de)(de)畫卷。北(bei)岸山中古松蒼(cang)勁(jing)挺拔，建筑鱗次櫛比(bi)，層(ceng)次豐富(fu)多變。西(xi)岸大(da)堤橫(heng)臥，綠(lv)樹(shu)緣堤，遠山如黛，云煙飄(piao)浮(fu)，極盡幻變幽(you)深之趣。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖盛產魚蝦(xia)，尤(you)以金翅鯉魚聞名(ming)(ming)天下(xia)，據《薊(ji)縣(xian)志(zhi)》載：“鯉魚產于薊(ji)運河者皆金鱗赭尾。”而(er)今這種曾為(wei)皇帝貢品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)“御膳鯉”巳(si)成(cheng)為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)游人的(de)(de)(de)盤中珍品(pin)。
翠屏(ping)湖夏季氣候涼(liang)爽，是(shi)理想的(de)(de)避暑勝地(di)。盛夏炎炎，眺翠亭旁(pang)的(de)(de)平灘上(shang)，一群(qun)群(qun)穿(chuan)著游(you)(you)泳衣的(de)(de)游(you)(you)人或坐或臥，悠然自得地(di)沐浴著陽光(guang)，人們(men)紛(fen)紛(fen)下水游(you)(you)泳，任涼(liang)爽的(de)(de)湖水沖(chong)散(san)暑熱(re)。水中(zhong)魚(yu)蝦(xia)避開(kai)了暢游(you)(you)的(de)(de)人群(qun)，往來(lai)于紅(hong)蕖綠(lv)草之間，招來(lai)了萬釣千竿(gan)。冬天(tian)，這里是(shi)滑冰、賞雪(xue)的(de)(de)理想場所(suo)。整個翠屏(ping)湖雪(xue)蓋冰封，銀裝素(su)裹，滑冰愛好者紛(fen)至沓來(lai)。翠屏(ping)湖南岸多(duo)農(nong)家院旅店及活魚(yu)館，是(shi)都市人周(zhou)末(mo)節假的(de)(de)絕(jue)佳去處。水質(zhi)優良的(de)(de)翠屏(ping)湖湖域內有120多(duo)種鳥(niao)類。每年4月(yue)初，水鳥(niao)多(duo)達2萬多(duo)只，其中(zhong)有被國家列為重點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)大天(tian)鵝、白鸛、白琵鷺等八種珍(zhen)禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)河流帶入大(da)量(liang)(liang)氮(dan)、磷；流域內年(nian)(nian)均溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)(yue)(yue)），極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)(yue)(yue)）、極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)-28．6℃，無霜期(qi)(qi)170—195天，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)晝夜差(cha)別及地區分布差(cha)異也(ye)較大(da)，總的(de)(de)狀況是(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)從北向南遞(di)升(sheng)。浮(fu)(fu)游(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)7門(men)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅(gui)藻(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠藻(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)藻(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)藻(zao)、裸(luo)藻(zao)、黃藻(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)藻(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在1、4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)藻(zao)、硅(gui)藻(zao)；而6、7、10月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)硅(gui)藻(zao)、藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)；8、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)，所以，于橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)硅(gui)藻(zao)、藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)型，主要(yao)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)惠氏(shi)微(wei)囊藻(zao)、克羅頓(dun)脆桿(gan)藻(zao)。浮(fu)(fu)游(you)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)蟲(chong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)多，輪(lun)(lun)足(zu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)少，游(you)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)季節變化、總生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)在9月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高。底棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部(bu)分種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)只(zhi)鑒定至(zhi)科、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，故實(shi)際數量(liang)(liang)超過此(ci)數，隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)8門(men)6綱38屬(shu)(shu)(shu))，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多的(de)(de)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)又以搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)幼(you)蟲(chong)居多(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)是(shi)軟體(ti)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環(huan)(huan)節動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共獲(huo)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)殼類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)僅(jin)獲(huo)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，優(you)勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)霍甫水(shui)(shui)(shui)絲蚓(yin)、蘇氏(shi)尾(wei)(wei)腮蚓(yin)、褐斑菱跗(fu)搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、花(hua)紋前突搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、紅德永搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、離恩菲搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和羽搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；底棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)由(you)5個主要(yao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群組成(cheng)，軟體(ti)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)居首位，搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)幼(you)蟲(chong)次(ci)之(zhi)，再次(ci)為(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)節動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，除上述三大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群外、還包括甲(jia)介類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以外的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于16科20屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)世界廣播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)地理成(cheng)分單純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)少，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶幼(you)年(nian)(nian)期(qi)(qi)人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)湖沼(zhao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)以微(wei)齒眼(yan)子菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、馬來眼(yan)子菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、荇(xing)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、正丘菱、菹草為(wei)(wei)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)分類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、有(you)(you)沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮(fu)(fu)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮(fu)(fu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)形(xing)(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年(nian)(nian)間共采到魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)組成(cheng)存在差(cha)異，1988年(nian)(nian)缺少似鱭及似鳊、烏(wu)鱧、黃顙魚(yu)產量(liang)(liang)上升(sheng)、小雜(za)魚(yu)中(zhong)麥穗魚(yu)增加，鯉魚(yu)基本一致，翹嘴紅鲌減(jian)少、白(bai)鰱、花(hua)鏈稍有(you)(you)增加．與投放魚(yu)苗有(you)(you)關(guan)；繁殖(zhi)特性(xing)(xing)，性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)(ling)：1齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)有(you)(you)鯽魚(yu)、麥穗魚(yu)、子棱櫛(zhi)、鰕(ha)虎魚(yu)、圓尾(wei)(wei)斗魚(yu)共5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)有(you)(you)刺鰍、中(zhong)華多刺魚(yu)、泥鰍、興凱鮈、中(zhong)華鳑、棒花(hua)魚(yu)、黃顙魚(yu)共7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)有(you)(you)紅鰭鲌、鯉、青梢紅鲌、翹嘴紅鲌、鯰魚(yu)、烏(wu)鱧、鱖魚(yu)、黃鱔(shan)共8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)(ling)性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)有(you)(you)鰓魚(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵(luan)期(qi)(qi)主要(yao)集中(zhong)在5—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)、秋、冬季無魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵(luan)。
精靈世界 
