于橋水(shui)庫位于天津市薊縣(xian)城東，是國家重點大型水(shui)庫之一，水(shui)庫壩址建于薊運河(he)左支(zhi)流(liu)州河(he)出(chu)口處。
控制流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)2060 k㎡，占整個州(zhou)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)的96%。州(zhou)河由沙河、淋河、黎(li)河三大(da)(da)(da)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)匯(hui)合而(er)成，各支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)游(you)(you)溝澗甚多(duo)，支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)分散成輻射(she)狀匯(hui)集于(yu)(yu)州(zhou)河盆地，水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)庫(ku)(ku)區即(ji)位于(yu)(yu)該盆地，最大(da)(da)(da)回水(shui)長(chang)東西約(yue)30km，南北寬8km，最大(da)(da)(da)淹(yan)(yan)沒面(mian)積(ji)250k㎡（正常蓄水(shui)位時淹(yan)(yan)沒面(mian)積(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州(zhou)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)境內雨量充(chong)沛，多(duo)年(nian)平均降雨750mm，多(duo)年(nian)平均徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量5.06億m3。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)運用初期，曾出(chu)現過壩(ba)下游(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)沼澤化(hua)、管涌等現象，唐山(shan)大(da)(da)(da)地震后，主河床附(fu)近壩(ba)段壩(ba)坡腳產生裂縫，壩(ba)基出(chu)現砂層液化(hua)現象。
建立時間
該庫始建于1959年(nian)(nian)，1960年(nian)(nian)7月完成(cheng)第—期(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(攔河壩(ba)(ba)、泄(xie)洪(hong)洞(dong))。1965年(nian)(nian)續建開挖溢洪(hong)道(實際只(zhi)開挖至(zhi)23.0米(mi)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng))。水(shui)庫大(da)壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)一級建筑(zhu)物，按千年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)設(she)計(ji)，最(zui)大(da)洪(hong)水(shui)校核，抗(kang)震(zhen)按8度設(she)防(fang)。水(shui)庫正(zheng)常蓄水(shui)位(wei)(wei)21.16米(mi)，校核洪(hong)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)27.72米(mi)。“75.8”河南大(da)水(shui)后(hou)，水(shui)庫被(bei)列為(wei)病險(xian)水(shui)庫，因此按千年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)設(she)計(ji)，最(zui)大(da)可能洪(hong)水(shui)校核標準對(dui)水(shui)庫進(jin)行(xing)除險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)，設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)25．62米(mi)，洪(hong)峰(feng)流量8327立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒，校核洪(hong)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)27.72米(mi)，洪(hong)峰(feng)流量17960立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒。為(wei)保(bao)證引灤工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)輸(shu)水(shui)1982至(zhi)1983年(nian)(nian)對(dui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)實施(shi)了加(jia)高(gao)壩(ba)(ba)頂、加(jia)固(gu)壩(ba)(ba)坡及壩(ba)(ba)基截滲(shen)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)措施(shi)。1995年(nian)(nian)1996年(nian)(nian)采用高(gao)噴(pen)防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)結合壩(ba)(ba)后(hou)壓(ya)(ya)重的方(fang)(fang)法再(zai)(zai)次對(dui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)進(jin)行(xing)了局部(bu)加(jia)固(gu)處(chu)理(li)。2001年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2003年(nian)(nian)再(zai)(zai)次對(dui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)固(gu)處(chu)理(li)(包括420米(mi)的防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)噴(pen)射灌漿(jiang)、補噴(pen)、接觸灌漿(jiang)、現(xian)澆砼(tong)防(fang)浪墻(qiang)、減壓(ya)(ya)溝回填、壩(ba)(ba)后(hou)壓(ya)(ya)重、迎水(shui)坡護(hu)砌)。
工程構造
水庫樞紐(niu)工程有攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)、放(fang)水洞、溢洪(hong)道、水電站。攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)為均質(zhi)土壩(ba)(ba)，全(quan)長2222m，最大壩(ba)(ba)高24m，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程28.72m。放(fang)水洞（兼發電洞）洞徑5m，壩(ba)(ba)后電站設貫流式機組四(si)臺(tai)，總(zong)裝機5000千瓦。溢洪(hong)道為開敞式堰閘，八孔閘門，凈寬80m，最大泄(xie)洪(hong)能力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總(zong)庫(ku)容15.59億立方(fang)米，正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)位21.16米(大沽(gu)(gu))，汛(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)位19.87米，死水(shui)(shui)位15米。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)下游直接影響范圍有薊縣、寶(bao)坻、寧河、玉田、漢沽(gu)(gu)等各(ge)縣（區）的低洼地區近百(bai)萬人口，300余(yu)萬畝(mu)耕(geng)地。
風光特產
風景秀麗、群山(shan)(shan)環(huan)繞的(de)于(yu)橋水庫坐落在薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)城東，又名翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)，因南依翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)而得名。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)水面寬闊(kuo)，東西(xi)(xi)長30公里(li)，南北(bei)最寬處15公里(li)。登翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)俯瞰，煙波浩淼，水天一色；蕩舟(zhou)湖(hu)上(shang)，鷗浮(fu)上(shang)下(xia)，魚戲東西(xi)(xi)。南岸(an)(an)的(de)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)綠樹成(cheng)蔭，花(hua)果滿園(yuan)，葡萄壓(ya)枝。象一幅(fu)五彩(cai)斑斕的(de)畫卷。北(bei)岸(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)古松蒼勁挺拔(ba)，建筑鱗次櫛比，層(ceng)次豐(feng)富多變(bian)(bian)。西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)大(da)堤橫(heng)臥，綠樹緣堤，遠山(shan)(shan)如黛，云煙飄浮(fu)，極盡(jin)幻(huan)變(bian)(bian)幽(you)深之趣。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)盛(sheng)產魚蝦，尤以金翅(chi)鯉魚聞名天下(xia)，據《薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)志》載：“鯉魚產于(yu)薊(ji)(ji)運河者皆金鱗赭尾。”而今(jin)這種(zhong)曾(ceng)為皇帝(di)貢品的(de)“御膳鯉”巳成(cheng)為普通游人的(de)盤(pan)中(zhong)珍品。
翠(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)夏(xia)季氣候涼爽(shuang)(shuang)，是(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)避暑勝地。盛夏(xia)炎炎，眺翠(cui)(cui)亭旁的(de)(de)平灘(tan)上，一群(qun)群(qun)穿著游(you)泳衣的(de)(de)游(you)人或(huo)坐或(huo)臥，悠然自(zi)得地沐浴(yu)著陽光，人們紛紛下水(shui)游(you)泳，任涼爽(shuang)(shuang)的(de)(de)湖(hu)水(shui)沖散暑熱。水(shui)中(zhong)魚蝦避開了暢(chang)游(you)的(de)(de)人群(qun)，往來(lai)于紅蕖綠草之間，招來(lai)了萬釣千竿。冬天，這(zhe)里(li)是(shi)滑冰、賞雪(xue)的(de)(de)理(li)想場所。整(zheng)個翠(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)雪(xue)蓋(gai)冰封，銀裝素裹，滑冰愛好(hao)者紛至沓來(lai)。翠(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)南岸多(duo)(duo)農家院旅店及(ji)活(huo)魚館，是(shi)都市人周末(mo)節假的(de)(de)絕佳去(qu)處(chu)。水(shui)質優良(liang)的(de)(de)翠(cui)(cui)屏湖(hu)湖(hu)域內有(you)120多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)鳥(niao)類。每年(nian)4月初，水(shui)鳥(niao)多(duo)(duo)達(da)2萬多(duo)(duo)只(zhi)，其中(zhong)有(you)被國(guo)家列(lie)為重點(dian)保護的(de)(de)大(da)天鵝、白鸛、白琵(pi)鷺(lu)等(deng)八種(zhong)珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)(de)河流(liu)(liu)帶入大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)氮(dan)、磷(lin)；流(liu)(liu)域內年均溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)熱月均溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)25．4℃（7月），極端最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)冷(leng)月均溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-6．88℃（1月）、極端最(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-28．6℃，無(wu)霜期170—195天，溫(wen)度(du)(du)晝夜差別(bie)及(ji)地(di)區分(fen)布差異也較大(da)，總的(de)(de)(de)狀況是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)從北向南遞升。浮(fu)游(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)7門(men)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸(luo)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于(yu)橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在1、4、5月為(wei)(wei)金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；而6、7、10月為(wei)(wei)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月為(wei)(wei)藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以(yi)(yi)，于(yu)橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型，主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)惠(hui)氏(shi)微囊藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、克(ke)羅(luo)頓脆桿藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)輪蟲類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)，輪足種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)最(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)，游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)季節變化、總生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在9月最(zui)(zui)高。底棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)只鑒定至科、屬，故實(shi)際數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)超過(guo)此數(shu)(shu)，隸屬8門(men)6綱38屬)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又(you)以(yi)(yi)搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)幼(you)蟲居(ju)多(duo)(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)是(shi)軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)獲6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)殼類(lei)(lei)(lei)僅獲2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)，優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)霍甫水(shui)(shui)(shui)絲蚓、蘇氏(shi)尾腮(sai)蚓、褐斑菱跗搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、花紋前(qian)突搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、紅德永搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、離恩(en)菲(fei)搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)和羽搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)；底棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)由5個主(zhu)要類(lei)(lei)(lei)群(qun)組(zu)成(cheng)，軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)居(ju)首位，搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)幼(you)蟲次(ci)之，再次(ci)為(wei)(wei)環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)，除上述(shu)三(san)大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)群(qun)外(wai)、還包括甲(jia)介(jie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)及(ji)搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲。水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬于(yu)16科20屬，屬世(shi)界廣播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)地(di)理成(cheng)分(fen)單純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)少(shao)(shao)，屬暖溫(wen)帶幼(you)年期人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)湖沼(zhao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)被，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)微齒(chi)眼(yan)子菜(cai)、馬(ma)來眼(yan)子菜(cai)、荇菜(cai)、正(zheng)丘菱、菹(zu)草為(wei)(wei)優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、有(you)沉(chen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮(fu)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)(lei)型（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮(fu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)(lei)形(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年間共(gong)采到魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)存在差異，1988年缺(que)少(shao)(shao)似(si)鱭及(ji)似(si)鳊、烏(wu)鱧(li)、黃顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)上升、小雜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)麥穗(sui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)增加，鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)基本一致，翹嘴紅鲌減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、白鰱、花鏈稍有(you)增加．與(yu)投(tou)放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)苗有(you)關；繁(fan)殖特(te)性(xing)，性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)年齡(ling)：1齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、麥穗(sui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、子棱櫛、鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、圓尾斗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)刺鰍、中(zhong)(zhong)華多(duo)刺魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、興凱鮈、中(zhong)(zhong)華鳑、棒花魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)紅鰭鲌、鯉(li)、青梢(shao)紅鲌、翹嘴紅鲌、鯰魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、烏(wu)鱧(li)、鱖魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃鱔(shan)共(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)鰓魚(yu)(yu)(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵(luan)期主(zhu)要集中(zhong)(zhong)在5—7月、秋、冬季無(wu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)產卵(luan)。
精靈世界 
