于橋(qiao)水庫位(wei)于天津市薊縣(xian)城(cheng)東，是(shi)國家重點大(da)型水庫之一，水庫壩址建于薊運河左(zuo)支流州河出口處。
控制流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)2060 k㎡，占(zhan)整個州(zhou)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)的96%。州(zhou)河(he)由沙河(he)、淋河(he)、黎河(he)三大支流(liu)(liu)匯合(he)而成，各支流(liu)(liu)上游溝澗甚多(duo)，支流(liu)(liu)分散成輻射狀匯集于州(zhou)河(he)盆地，水(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)區即位于該盆地，最大回水(shui)長東西約30km，南北寬8km，最大淹沒(mei)面積(ji)250k㎡（正常蓄水(shui)位時淹沒(mei)面積(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州(zhou)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域境(jing)內雨量(liang)充沛，多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)降雨750mm，多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)5.06億m3。水(shui)庫(ku)運用初期，曾出現過(guo)壩(ba)(ba)下游大面積(ji)沼澤化、管(guan)涌等現象，唐山大地震后，主河(he)床(chuang)附近壩(ba)(ba)段壩(ba)(ba)坡腳產生裂縫，壩(ba)(ba)基出現砂(sha)層液化現象。
建立時間
該庫(ku)(ku)(ku)始(shi)建(jian)于1959年(nian)(nian)，1960年(nian)(nian)7月完成第—期工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(攔河(he)(he)壩、泄洪(hong)(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)(nian)續(xu)建(jian)開(kai)挖溢洪(hong)(hong)道(實(shi)際只開(kai)挖至23.0米高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)(da)壩為一級(ji)建(jian)筑物，按千年(nian)(nian)一遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)設(she)計(ji)，最大(da)(da)(da)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)校核(he)，抗震按8度設(she)防(fang)。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)正常蓄水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)21.16米，校核(he)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)27.72米。“75.8”河(he)(he)南大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)后(hou)，水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)被列為病險水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)，因此按千年(nian)(nian)一遇設(she)計(ji)，最大(da)(da)(da)可能洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)校核(he)標準對水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)進(jin)行除(chu)險加固，設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)25．62米，洪(hong)(hong)峰流(liu)量8327立方(fang)米/秒，校核(he)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)27.72米，洪(hong)(hong)峰流(liu)量17960立方(fang)米/秒。為保證引灤工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)輸水(shui)1982至1983年(nian)(nian)對大(da)(da)(da)壩實(shi)施(shi)了(le)加高壩頂、加固壩坡及壩基截滲(shen)(shen)等(deng)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)。1995年(nian)(nian)1996年(nian)(nian)采用高噴防(fang)滲(shen)(shen)墻結合壩后(hou)壓(ya)重的方(fang)法再次對大(da)(da)(da)壩進(jin)行了(le)局(ju)部加固處理。2001年(nian)(nian)至2003年(nian)(nian)再次對大(da)(da)(da)壩進(jin)行加固處理(包括420米的防(fang)滲(shen)(shen)墻，高壓(ya)噴射灌漿、補噴、接(jie)觸灌漿、現(xian)澆砼防(fang)浪墻、減壓(ya)溝(gou)回填、壩后(hou)壓(ya)重、迎水(shui)坡護砌)。
工程構造
水(shui)庫樞(shu)紐工程(cheng)有攔河壩(ba)、放水(shui)洞(dong)、溢洪道(dao)(dao)、水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)。攔河壩(ba)為均(jun)質土壩(ba)，全長2222m，最大(da)壩(ba)高(gao)24m，壩(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)28.72m。放水(shui)洞(dong)（兼發電(dian)洞(dong)）洞(dong)徑(jing)5m，壩(ba)后電(dian)站(zhan)設貫流式機組四臺(tai)，總裝機5000千瓦(wa)。溢洪道(dao)(dao)為開(kai)敞式堰閘(zha)，八孔閘(zha)門，凈寬80m，最大(da)泄(xie)洪能力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總(zong)庫容15.59億立方米，正(zheng)常(chang)蓄水位(wei)21.16米(大(da)沽)，汛限水位(wei)19.87米，死水位(wei)15米。水庫下(xia)游直接影(ying)響范圍有薊縣、寶坻、寧河、玉田、漢沽等各縣（區）的低洼地區近百萬(wan)人口(kou)，300余萬(wan)畝(mu)耕地。
風光特產
風景秀麗(li)、群山環繞的于(yu)橋水庫坐落在薊(ji)縣城東(dong)，又名(ming)翠(cui)屏(ping)湖，因南依(yi)翠(cui)屏(ping)山而(er)得(de)名(ming)。翠(cui)屏(ping)湖水面(mian)寬闊，東(dong)西(xi)長30公里，南北(bei)最(zui)寬處15公里。登翠(cui)屏(ping)山俯瞰(kan)，煙(yan)波浩淼(miao)，水天(tian)一色；蕩(dang)舟湖上(shang)(shang)，鷗浮上(shang)(shang)下(xia)，魚(yu)(yu)戲(xi)東(dong)西(xi)。南岸的翠(cui)屏(ping)山綠(lv)樹成(cheng)蔭，花果滿園，葡萄壓枝。象一幅五(wu)彩斑斕的畫卷(juan)。北(bei)岸山中古松蒼勁挺(ting)拔，建(jian)筑鱗次櫛比，層次豐富多(duo)變(bian)。西(xi)岸大堤(di)橫(heng)臥，綠(lv)樹緣堤(di)，遠山如黛，云(yun)煙(yan)飄浮，極(ji)盡幻變(bian)幽深(shen)之趣。翠(cui)屏(ping)湖盛產(chan)魚(yu)(yu)蝦(xia)，尤以金(jin)翅(chi)鯉魚(yu)(yu)聞名(ming)天(tian)下(xia)，據《薊(ji)縣志》載：“鯉魚(yu)(yu)產(chan)于(yu)薊(ji)運河者皆金(jin)鱗赭尾(wei)。”而(er)今這種曾為皇帝貢(gong)品的“御膳鯉”巳成(cheng)為普通(tong)游人的盤(pan)中珍(zhen)品。
翠屏(ping)湖(hu)夏季氣候涼爽，是(shi)理想的(de)(de)(de)避(bi)暑(shu)勝地。盛夏炎炎，眺翠亭旁的(de)(de)(de)平灘上(shang)，一群群穿(chuan)著游泳衣的(de)(de)(de)游人或(huo)(huo)坐或(huo)(huo)臥，悠然自得地沐浴(yu)著陽光，人們紛紛下水(shui)游泳，任涼爽的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)水(shui)沖散暑(shu)熱。水(shui)中魚蝦避(bi)開了(le)暢游的(de)(de)(de)人群，往來于紅蕖(qu)綠草之間(jian)，招來了(le)萬釣(diao)千竿(gan)。冬天，這里是(shi)滑冰、賞雪的(de)(de)(de)理想場所(suo)。整個翠屏(ping)湖(hu)雪蓋冰封，銀(yin)裝素裹，滑冰愛好者紛至沓來。翠屏(ping)湖(hu)南岸多(duo)(duo)(duo)農家院旅店及活魚館，是(shi)都市人周末(mo)節假的(de)(de)(de)絕佳去處。水(shui)質優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)翠屏(ping)湖(hu)湖(hu)域(yu)內有120多(duo)(duo)(duo)種鳥類。每年4月初，水(shui)鳥多(duo)(duo)(duo)達2萬多(duo)(duo)(duo)只，其中有被國家列為重點保護的(de)(de)(de)大天鵝(e)、白鸛、白琵鷺等八(ba)種珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)帶入大(da)量(liang)(liang)氮、磷；流(liu)域內年均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)），極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)）、極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-28．6℃，無(wu)霜期170—195天，溫(wen)度(du)(du)晝(zhou)夜差(cha)別及地區(qu)分(fen)布差(cha)異(yi)也(ye)較大(da)，總的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)是溫(wen)度(du)(du)從北向南遞升(sheng)。浮游(you)植(zhi)物(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)7門58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠藻(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃(huang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于橋水庫藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)1、4、5月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)；而6、7、10月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以(yi)(yi)，于橋水庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)，主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠氏微囊藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、克(ke)羅頓脆桿藻(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮游(you)動物(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)輪蟲(chong)(chong)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)，輪足種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)最(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)，游(you)動物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)季節變化(hua)、總生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)9月(yue)最(zui)(zui)高。底(di)棲動物(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)只鑒定至(zhi)科(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，故實際數(shu)量(liang)(liang)超過此數(shu)，隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)8門6綱(gang)38屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以(yi)(yi)搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)居多(duo)(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)次是軟(ruan)體動物(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節動物(wu)共(gong)獲6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼類(lei)(lei)僅獲2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)，優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霍(huo)甫水絲蚓(yin)、蘇氏尾腮蚓(yin)、褐斑菱跗搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、花紋前突搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、紅(hong)德永搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、離恩菲搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)和羽(yu)搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)；底(di)棲動物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)量(liang)(liang)由5個主要類(lei)(lei)群組成，軟(ruan)體動物(wu)居首(shou)位，搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)次之，再次為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)環節動物(wu)，除上(shang)述三大(da)類(lei)(lei)群外、還包括甲介(jie)類(lei)(lei)及搖(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)。水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)物(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于16科(ke)(ke)20屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)世界廣播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺水水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)物(wu)，植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)地理(li)成分(fen)單純(chun)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)少(shao)(shao)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)暖溫(wen)帶幼(you)年期人工水庫湖沼水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)被，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)微齒眼(yan)子菜(cai)、馬來(lai)眼(yan)子菜(cai)、荇菜(cai)、正丘菱、菹草(cao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)、有(you)(you)沉水植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)形(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年間共(gong)采到魚類(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組成存在(zai)差(cha)異(yi)，1988年缺少(shao)(shao)似鱭及似鳊、烏鱧、黃(huang)顙魚產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)升(sheng)、小雜魚中(zhong)(zhong)麥穗魚增加，鯉魚基本一(yi)致(zhi)，翹嘴紅(hong)鲌(ba)(ba)減少(shao)(shao)、白鰱(lian)、花鏈稍有(you)(you)增加．與投放魚苗有(you)(you)關；繁殖特(te)性(xing)，性(xing)成熟(shu)年齡(ling)：1齡(ling)性(xing)成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)鯽魚、麥穗魚、子棱櫛、鰕虎魚、圓尾斗(dou)魚共(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)性(xing)成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)刺鰍(qiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)多(duo)刺魚、泥鰍(qiu)、興凱鮈、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)鳑、棒花魚、黃(huang)顙魚共(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)性(xing)成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)紅(hong)鰭鲌(ba)(ba)、鯉、青梢紅(hong)鲌(ba)(ba)、翹嘴紅(hong)鲌(ba)(ba)、鯰(nian)魚、烏鱧、鱖魚、黃(huang)鱔共(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)性(xing)成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)鰓魚1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚類(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)期主要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)5—7月(yue)、秋、冬(dong)季無(wu)魚類(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)。
精靈世界 
