于(yu)橋水庫(ku)(ku)位于(yu)天津市(shi)薊(ji)縣城東，是國(guo)家重(zhong)點大(da)型水庫(ku)(ku)之一，水庫(ku)(ku)壩址建于(yu)薊(ji)運河左支流州(zhou)河出(chu)口(kou)處(chu)。
控制流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)2060 k㎡，占整個(ge)州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)(he)流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)的96%。州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)(he)由沙河(he)(he)、淋河(he)(he)、黎河(he)(he)三大(da)(da)(da)支(zhi)流匯(hui)(hui)合而成(cheng)，各支(zhi)流上游溝澗甚多，支(zhi)流分散成(cheng)輻射狀匯(hui)(hui)集(ji)于州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)(he)盆地，水庫庫區即位于該(gai)盆地，最大(da)(da)(da)回水長(chang)東西約30km，南北寬8km，最大(da)(da)(da)淹沒面(mian)積(ji)250k㎡（正常蓄水位時淹沒面(mian)積(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)(he)流域(yu)境內雨量(liang)充(chong)沛，多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨750mm，多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)徑(jing)流量(liang)5.06億m3。水庫運用初期，曾出(chu)現過(guo)壩(ba)(ba)下游大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)沼澤化、管(guan)涌等(deng)現象(xiang)，唐山大(da)(da)(da)地震后，主河(he)(he)床附近壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)壩(ba)(ba)坡腳產(chan)生裂縫(feng)，壩(ba)(ba)基出(chu)現砂層液化現象(xiang)。
建立時間
該庫(ku)始(shi)建于1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月完成第—期(qi)工(gong)程(攔河壩(ba)、泄洪(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)續建開挖(wa)溢洪(hong)道(實(shi)際只開挖(wa)至23.0米(mi)(mi)高(gao)程)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大(da)壩(ba)為(wei)一(yi)級建筑物(wu)，按(an)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)設計，最(zui)(zui)大(da)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核，抗震(zhen)按(an)8度設防(fang)(fang)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)21.16米(mi)(mi)，校(xiao)核洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)27.72米(mi)(mi)。“75.8”河南(nan)大(da)水(shui)(shui)后，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)被列為(wei)病(bing)險(xian)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，因(yin)此按(an)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇設計，最(zui)(zui)大(da)可能洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核標(biao)準對水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)進(jin)行(xing)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固，設計洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)25．62米(mi)(mi)，洪(hong)峰流量8327立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒，校(xiao)核洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)27.72米(mi)(mi)，洪(hong)峰流量17960立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。為(wei)保證引灤工(gong)程輸水(shui)(shui)1982至1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)對大(da)壩(ba)實(shi)施了(le)加(jia)高(gao)壩(ba)頂、加(jia)固壩(ba)坡及壩(ba)基截(jie)滲等工(gong)程措施。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采用高(gao)噴(pen)防(fang)(fang)滲墻結合壩(ba)后壓重的(de)(de)方(fang)法再(zai)次對大(da)壩(ba)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)局部加(jia)固處(chu)理。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)次對大(da)壩(ba)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)固處(chu)理(包括420米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)滲墻，高(gao)壓噴(pen)射灌漿(jiang)、補(bu)噴(pen)、接觸灌漿(jiang)、現澆砼防(fang)(fang)浪墻、減壓溝回填(tian)、壩(ba)后壓重、迎水(shui)(shui)坡護砌)。
工程構造
水(shui)(shui)庫樞(shu)紐工(gong)程有(you)攔河壩(ba)(ba)、放(fang)水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)、溢(yi)洪道、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站。攔河壩(ba)(ba)為均質土壩(ba)(ba)，全長2222m，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)24m，壩(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程28.72m。放(fang)水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)（兼發電(dian)洞(dong)）洞(dong)徑5m，壩(ba)(ba)后電(dian)站設貫(guan)流式機(ji)組四(si)臺，總(zong)裝機(ji)5000千瓦。溢(yi)洪道為開敞式堰閘，八孔(kong)閘門，凈寬80m，最大(da)泄洪能力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總庫(ku)容15.59億立(li)方米，正(zheng)常蓄水(shui)位(wei)21.16米(大沽)，汛限(xian)水(shui)位(wei)19.87米，死水(shui)位(wei)15米。水(shui)庫(ku)下游直接影響范圍有薊縣、寶坻、寧河、玉田、漢(han)沽等各(ge)縣（區）的低洼地(di)區近百萬(wan)人口，300余萬(wan)畝耕地(di)。
風光特產
風景秀麗、群山環繞的于橋水(shui)庫(ku)坐(zuo)落在薊(ji)縣城(cheng)東(dong)，又(you)名(ming)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)湖，因(yin)南依翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)山而(er)得名(ming)。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)湖水(shui)面(mian)寬闊，東(dong)西(xi)長30公里(li)，南北最寬處15公里(li)。登翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)山俯瞰，煙(yan)波浩淼(miao)，水(shui)天一色；蕩舟湖上(shang)，鷗浮(fu)上(shang)下(xia)，魚(yu)戲東(dong)西(xi)。南岸的翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)山綠(lv)樹成蔭，花果滿(man)園(yuan)，葡萄壓枝。象一幅五彩斑斕的畫卷。北岸山中(zhong)古(gu)松(song)蒼勁挺拔，建筑鱗(lin)次櫛比，層(ceng)次豐(feng)富(fu)多變(bian)。西(xi)岸大堤橫臥，綠(lv)樹緣堤，遠山如黛(dai)，云煙(yan)飄浮(fu)，極盡幻變(bian)幽(you)深(shen)之趣。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)湖盛產魚(yu)蝦，尤(you)以金翅鯉(li)(li)魚(yu)聞名(ming)天下(xia)，據《薊(ji)縣志》載：“鯉(li)(li)魚(yu)產于薊(ji)運河者皆金鱗(lin)赭尾(wei)。”而(er)今這種(zhong)曾為(wei)(wei)皇帝貢品的“御膳鯉(li)(li)”巳成為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)游(you)人(ren)的盤中(zhong)珍品。
翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)夏(xia)季氣(qi)候涼爽(shuang)，是理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)避暑勝地。盛夏(xia)炎炎，眺翠(cui)亭(ting)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)平灘上，一群群穿著(zhu)游(you)(you)泳衣的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)人或坐(zuo)或臥，悠然自(zi)得地沐浴(yu)著(zhu)陽光(guang)，人們紛(fen)紛(fen)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)游(you)(you)泳，任涼爽(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)沖散暑熱。水(shui)(shui)中魚蝦避開了(le)暢游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人群，往來(lai)于紅(hong)蕖綠草之(zhi)間，招(zhao)來(lai)了(le)萬釣(diao)千竿。冬天(tian)，這里是滑(hua)冰、賞(shang)雪的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)場(chang)所(suo)。整個翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)雪蓋冰封，銀(yin)裝素裹，滑(hua)冰愛好者(zhe)紛(fen)至沓(ta)來(lai)。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)南岸多(duo)農家(jia)院旅店及活魚館，是都(dou)市人周末(mo)節假的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕佳去處。水(shui)(shui)質優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)湖(hu)域(yu)內有120多(duo)種(zhong)鳥類(lei)。每年4月初(chu)，水(shui)(shui)鳥多(duo)達2萬多(duo)只(zhi)，其中有被國家(jia)列為重點保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)大天(tian)鵝、白鸛(guan)、白琵(pi)鷺等八種(zhong)珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)(de)河(he)流帶(dai)入(ru)大量(liang)氮、磷；流域內年均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最熱(re)月(yue)(yue)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)(yue)），極端最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)41．2℃，最冷月(yue)(yue)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)(yue)）、極端最低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)-28．6℃，無霜(shuang)期170—195天，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)晝夜差別及(ji)地區分(fen)(fen)(fen)布差異(yi)也(ye)較大，總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)狀況是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)從北向南(nan)遞升(sheng)。浮(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)7門58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅(gui)(gui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠(lv)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于(yu)橋(qiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在1、4、5月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅(gui)(gui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；而6、7、10月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)硅(gui)(gui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以(yi)，于(yu)橋(qiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)硅(gui)(gui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)，主要的(de)(de)(de)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)惠氏微囊(nang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、克(ke)羅頓脆桿藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮(fu)(fu)游動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)輪蟲類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)最多，輪足種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)最少(shao)，游動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節變化、總(zong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)在9月(yue)(yue)最高。底棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部分(fen)(fen)(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)只鑒(jian)定至科、屬(shu)，故實(shi)際數(shu)(shu)量(liang)超(chao)過(guo)此數(shu)(shu)，隸屬(shu)8門6綱38屬(shu))，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最多的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以(yi)搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)幼蟲居多(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)次是(shi)(shi)軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環(huan)節動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)獲6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼類(lei)(lei)僅獲2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)，優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)霍甫水(shui)(shui)(shui)絲蚓(yin)、蘇氏尾腮蚓(yin)、褐斑菱跗搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、花紋前突搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、紅(hong)(hong)德永搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)、離恩(en)菲(fei)搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)和(he)羽搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)；底棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)由5個主要類(lei)(lei)群(qun)組(zu)成，軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)居首位，搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)幼蟲次之，再次為(wei)(wei)環(huan)節動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，除上述三大類(lei)(lei)群(qun)外、還包(bao)括甲介類(lei)(lei)及(ji)搖(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲。水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)于(yu)16科20屬(shu)，屬(shu)世(shi)界廣播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)地理(li)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)單純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)少(shao)，屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)幼年期人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫湖沼水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)微齒眼子(zi)菜(cai)、馬來眼子(zi)菜(cai)、荇(xing)菜(cai)、正(zheng)丘菱、菹草為(wei)(wei)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)、有(you)(you)沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮(fu)(fu)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮(fu)(fu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)形(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年間共(gong)采到魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成存在差異(yi)，1988年缺(que)少(shao)似鱭及(ji)似鳊、烏鱧、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產量(liang)上升(sheng)、小(xiao)雜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)麥穗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)增加(jia)，鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)本一(yi)致，翹嘴(zui)紅(hong)(hong)鲌減少(shao)、白鰱、花鏈稍(shao)有(you)(you)增加(jia)．與(yu)投放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗有(you)(you)關(guan)；繁(fan)殖特(te)性，性成熟年齡(ling)(ling)：1齡(ling)(ling)性成熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、麥穗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、子(zi)棱櫛、鰕(ha)虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、圓(yuan)尾斗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)(ling)性成熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)刺鰍、中(zhong)(zhong)華多刺魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、興凱鮈(ju)、中(zhong)(zhong)華鳑、棒花魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)(ling)性成熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)紅(hong)(hong)鰭鲌、鯉、青梢紅(hong)(hong)鲌、翹嘴(zui)紅(hong)(hong)鲌、鯰魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、烏鱧、鱖魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃鱔共(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)(ling)性成熟的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)鰓魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)產卵期主要集中(zhong)(zhong)在5—7月(yue)(yue)、秋(qiu)、冬季(ji)無魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)產卵。
精靈世界 
