于(yu)橋水(shui)庫位于(yu)天津市(shi)薊縣城(cheng)東，是國(guo)家重點大型(xing)水(shui)庫之一，水(shui)庫壩址建于(yu)薊運河左支流州河出口處(chu)。
控制流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)2060 k㎡，占整個州河(he)流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)的96%。州河(he)由沙河(he)、淋河(he)、黎河(he)三大(da)支流(liu)(liu)匯合而成，各支流(liu)(liu)上(shang)游溝澗甚(shen)多(duo)，支流(liu)(liu)分散(san)成輻(fu)射狀匯集(ji)于(yu)州河(he)盆地，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)區即(ji)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)該盆地，最大(da)回水(shui)(shui)長東西約30km，南北寬8km，最大(da)淹(yan)沒面積(ji)250k㎡（正常蓄水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)時(shi)淹(yan)沒面積(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州河(he)流(liu)(liu)域境內(nei)雨量充沛，多(duo)年平(ping)均降(jiang)雨750mm，多(duo)年平(ping)均徑流(liu)(liu)量5.06億m3。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)運用(yong)初期，曾出現(xian)過壩(ba)下游大(da)面積(ji)沼澤化(hua)、管涌等現(xian)象(xiang)，唐(tang)山大(da)地震后，主(zhu)河(he)床附(fu)近壩(ba)段壩(ba)坡腳(jiao)產生裂縫，壩(ba)基出現(xian)砂層液(ye)化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)。
建立時間
該庫始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1959年(nian)，1960年(nian)7月完(wan)成第—期(qi)工(gong)程(攔(lan)河(he)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、泄洪(hong)(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)續建(jian)(jian)開挖溢洪(hong)(hong)道(實際只開挖至(zhi)23.0米(mi)(mi)高(gao)(gao)程)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)一級建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物，按千(qian)年(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設計，最大(da)(da)(da)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核(he)(he)，抗(kang)震按8度設防(fang)(fang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)21.16米(mi)(mi)，校(xiao)核(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)27.72米(mi)(mi)。“75.8”河(he)南大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫被(bei)列為(wei)(wei)病險水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，因此(ci)按千(qian)年(nian)一遇(yu)設計，最大(da)(da)(da)可能洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核(he)(he)標準對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫進(jin)行除(chu)險加固(gu)(gu)，設計洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)25．62米(mi)(mi)，洪(hong)(hong)峰流量8327立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒，校(xiao)核(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)27.72米(mi)(mi)，洪(hong)(hong)峰流量17960立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒。為(wei)(wei)保證引灤工(gong)程輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1982至(zhi)1983年(nian)對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)實施了(le)加高(gao)(gao)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂、加固(gu)(gu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)坡(po)及壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基截滲等(deng)工(gong)程措施。1995年(nian)1996年(nian)采(cai)用高(gao)(gao)噴防(fang)(fang)滲墻(qiang)結合(he)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)壓重(zhong)的方法再(zai)(zai)次對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)進(jin)行了(le)局部加固(gu)(gu)處理。2001年(nian)至(zhi)2003年(nian)再(zai)(zai)次對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)進(jin)行加固(gu)(gu)處理(包括(kuo)420米(mi)(mi)的防(fang)(fang)滲墻(qiang)，高(gao)(gao)壓噴射灌漿(jiang)、補(bu)噴、接觸(chu)灌漿(jiang)、現澆(jiao)砼防(fang)(fang)浪(lang)墻(qiang)、減(jian)壓溝(gou)回填、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)壓重(zhong)、迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)坡(po)護砌)。
工程構造
水(shui)(shui)庫樞紐工(gong)程有(you)攔(lan)(lan)河壩、放水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)、溢(yi)洪道(dao)、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。攔(lan)(lan)河壩為均質土壩，全長2222m，最大壩高(gao)24m，壩頂(ding)高(gao)程28.72m。放水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)（兼發(fa)電(dian)(dian)洞(dong)）洞(dong)徑(jing)5m，壩后電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設(she)貫(guan)流式機組四臺(tai)，總裝機5000千瓦(wa)。溢(yi)洪道(dao)為開敞(chang)式堰(yan)閘(zha)，八孔閘(zha)門，凈寬(kuan)80m，最大泄(xie)洪能力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總庫容15.59億(yi)立方米，正常(chang)蓄水位21.16米(大沽)，汛(xun)限水位19.87米，死水位15米。水庫下(xia)游直接影(ying)響范圍有薊縣、寶坻、寧河(he)、玉田(tian)、漢(han)沽等各縣（區）的低(di)洼地區近百萬(wan)人口，300余萬(wan)畝(mu)耕地。
風光特產
風景秀麗、群山(shan)(shan)環繞的(de)(de)于橋水庫坐(zuo)落在薊縣城(cheng)東，又名翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)，因(yin)南(nan)(nan)依(yi)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)而(er)得名。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)水面寬(kuan)闊(kuo)，東西長(chang)30公(gong)里，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)最(zui)寬(kuan)處15公(gong)里。登翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)俯瞰，煙波浩淼，水天一色；蕩舟湖(hu)上，鷗(ou)浮(fu)上下(xia)，魚(yu)戲東西。南(nan)(nan)岸(an)的(de)(de)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)綠(lv)樹(shu)(shu)成(cheng)蔭(yin)，花果滿(man)園，葡萄壓枝。象(xiang)一幅五彩斑斕的(de)(de)畫卷(juan)。北(bei)岸(an)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)古松(song)蒼勁挺拔，建筑鱗次櫛比(bi)，層(ceng)次豐富(fu)多變(bian)。西岸(an)大堤橫(heng)臥，綠(lv)樹(shu)(shu)緣堤，遠山(shan)(shan)如(ru)黛(dai)，云煙飄浮(fu)，極盡幻變(bian)幽深(shen)之(zhi)趣(qu)。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)盛產(chan)魚(yu)蝦，尤以金(jin)翅鯉魚(yu)聞名天下(xia)，據《薊縣志》載：“鯉魚(yu)產(chan)于薊運(yun)河(he)者(zhe)皆金(jin)鱗赭尾。”而(er)今這(zhe)種(zhong)曾為(wei)皇(huang)帝貢品的(de)(de)“御膳鯉”巳(si)成(cheng)為(wei)普通游人的(de)(de)盤中(zhong)珍品。
翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)夏(xia)(xia)季氣候(hou)涼(liang)爽，是(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)避暑(shu)勝地。盛夏(xia)(xia)炎炎，眺(tiao)翠(cui)亭旁(pang)的(de)(de)平灘(tan)上(shang)，一群(qun)(qun)(qun)群(qun)(qun)(qun)穿著(zhu)游(you)(you)泳衣的(de)(de)游(you)(you)人或坐或臥(wo)，悠然自(zi)得地沐浴著(zhu)陽光，人們紛(fen)紛(fen)下(xia)水游(you)(you)泳，任(ren)涼(liang)爽的(de)(de)湖(hu)水沖(chong)散暑(shu)熱。水中魚(yu)蝦避開(kai)了暢(chang)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)人群(qun)(qun)(qun)，往來于(yu)紅蕖綠草之(zhi)間(jian)，招來了萬(wan)(wan)釣(diao)千(qian)竿。冬天，這里是(shi)滑冰(bing)、賞雪的(de)(de)理(li)想場所。整(zheng)個翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)雪蓋冰(bing)封，銀(yin)裝(zhuang)素(su)裹(guo)，滑冰(bing)愛(ai)好(hao)者(zhe)紛(fen)至沓來。翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)南岸(an)多(duo)(duo)農(nong)家院旅店及活魚(yu)館，是(shi)都(dou)市人周末(mo)節假的(de)(de)絕佳去處。水質(zhi)優良的(de)(de)翠(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)湖(hu)域內有(you)120多(duo)(duo)種鳥類。每年4月初，水鳥多(duo)(duo)達2萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)(duo)只，其(qi)中有(you)被國家列為重點保(bao)護的(de)(de)大天鵝、白鸛、白琵鷺等(deng)八種珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)流帶入(ru)大量(liang)氮(dan)、磷；流域內年(nian)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)為(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)為(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)(yue)(yue)），極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)為(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)(yue)(yue)）、極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)為(wei)-28．6℃，無(wu)霜期170—195天，溫(wen)度(du)晝夜差別及地(di)區分(fen)(fen)布差異(yi)也(ye)較(jiao)大，總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況是溫(wen)度(du)從(cong)北(bei)向(xiang)南遞升。浮(fu)游(you)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)7門(men)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠(lv)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于(yu)橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在1、4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)金藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；而6、7、10月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以，于(yu)橋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型，主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)惠(hui)氏微(wei)囊(nang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、克(ke)羅(luo)頓脆桿藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)蟲(chong)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多，輪(lun)足種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少，游(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節(jie)變化、總(zong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)在9月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)。底(di)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部分(fen)(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)只鑒定至科、屬，故實際數(shu)量(liang)超過(guo)此數(shu)，隸屬8門(men)6綱38屬)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲(chong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)幼蟲(chong)居多(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)次是軟體(ti)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節(jie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)獲6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)殼(ke)類(lei)(lei)僅獲2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)，優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)霍甫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)絲蚓、蘇(su)氏尾腮蚓、褐斑菱跗(fu)搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、花紋前突搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、紅(hong)德永搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、離恩(en)菲搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和羽(yu)搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；底(di)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)由5個主要類(lei)(lei)群組成(cheng)(cheng)，軟體(ti)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)居首位，搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)幼蟲(chong)次之，再次為(wei)環節(jie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，除上述三大類(lei)(lei)群外(wai)、還包括甲(jia)介類(lei)(lei)及搖(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲(chong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管植物(wu)(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)(fen)屬于(yu)16科20屬，屬世界廣播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管植物(wu)(wu)(wu)，植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)地(di)理成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)單純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)少，屬暖溫(wen)帶幼年(nian)期人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)湖沼水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植被，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以微(wei)齒眼子菜、馬來(lai)眼子菜、荇(xing)菜、正丘菱、菹草為(wei)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)、有沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)型(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮(fu)葉植物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)型（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮(fu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)形(xing)(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態類(lei)(lei)型(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年(nian)間共(gong)采到(dao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)存在差異(yi)，1988年(nian)缺(que)少似鱭及似鳊、烏鱧、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)上升、小雜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)麥(mai)(mai)穗(sui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)加，鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)本一致(zhi)，翹嘴(zui)紅(hong)鲌(ba)(ba)減少、白(bai)鰱、花鏈稍有增(zeng)(zeng)加．與投放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗有關；繁殖(zhi)特性(xing)，性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)年(nian)齡(ling)：1齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、麥(mai)(mai)穗(sui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、子棱櫛、鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、圓尾斗(dou)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有刺(ci)鰍、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)多刺(ci)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、興凱鮈(ju)、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)鳑、棒(bang)花魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有紅(hong)鰭鲌(ba)(ba)、鯉、青梢紅(hong)鲌(ba)(ba)、翹嘴(zui)紅(hong)鲌(ba)(ba)、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、烏鱧、鱖(gui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃鱔共(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有鰓魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)期主要集中(zhong)(zhong)在5—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)、秋(qiu)、冬(dong)季(ji)無(wu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)。
精靈世界 
