大工山銅(tong)礦遺址(zhi)面積約400平方(fang)公里，從公元前11世紀至公元1279年，南陵大工山銅(tong)礦從西周(zhou)到南宋，延續時(shi)間長達兩(liang)千(qian)余年，其采冶、煉銅(tong)十萬(wan)余噸，可供(gong)打(da)造百(bai)萬(wan)件的青(qing)銅(tong)器。銅(tong)在戰國(guo)時(shi)期是戰略意義的物資，南陵銅(tong)質優量大。據史料(liao)記載，楚(chu)國(guo)在消滅越國(guo)之(zhi)后，旋即在皖南設置“陵陽郡”，所產銅(tong)材被譽為“陵陽之(zhi)金”。
1984年(nian)開始(shi)，南陵(ling)縣文管(guan)部門在(zai)第二次全國(guo)文物(wu)普(pu)(pu)查(cha)中，發(fa)現在(zai)大工(gong)山一(yi)帶的(de)(de)地表存有大量陶片，甚至(zhi)連農民的(de)(de)菜園地里(li)都有，還發(fa)現多(duo)處(chu)疑為(wei)人(ren)工(gong)開鑿的(de)(de)坑道以及多(duo)處(chu)古人(ren)生活及燒(shao)烤的(de)(de)痕跡(ji)。南陵(ling)縣文管(guan)所將這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)發(fa)現逐級上報，引起了(le)蕪湖(hu)市、安徽省文物(wu)部門的(de)(de)高度重視。1986年(nian)，安徽省文物(wu)考古研究所的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家們根據南陵(ling)縣文物(wu)普(pu)(pu)查(cha)情況對(dui)南陵(ling)境內這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)發(fa)現進行(xing)了(le)專(zhuan)題調(diao)查(cha)和復查(cha)，終確(que)定了(le)它就是(shi)湮沒在(zai)地下、沉(chen)睡了(le)千年(nian)的(de)(de)古銅冶遺址。
1987年(nian)開(kai)始，安徽(hui)省銅陵(ling)市文物(wu)部門先(xian)后多(duo)次對鳳凰山銅礦遺(yi)址(zhi)進行搶救性清(qing)理發(fa)掘，清(qing)理出多(duo)處古代采(cai)礦井(jing)巷和一批采(cai)掘生(sheng)產工具，并在附(fu)近相繼發(fa)現了不(bu)少采(cai)礦和冶(ye)煉(lian)遺(yi)址(zhi)。
大(da)工山銅礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)括塌里(li)(li)牧銅礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、江木(mu)沖冶煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、破(po)頭山采(cai)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。塌里(li)(li)牧遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于大(da)工山西北部，距縣城18公里(li)(li)，與(yu)另一處(chu)古銅礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江木(mu)沖遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔(ge)山相守。塌里(li)(li)牧遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西面毗鄰銅陵市，占(zhan)地面積22萬(wan)平方米。是一處(chu)集采(cai)礦、冶煉為一體的自漢(han)至宋代時期的遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發源于大(da)工山的江木(mu)沖河(he)流經遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東側(ce)，匯(hui)入繁昌黃滸河(he)，由荻港(gang)入長(chang)江。
1991年10月(yue)至(zhi)12月(yue)，安徽省文物(wu)考古研(yan)究所和南(nan)陵縣文物(wu)管理所組成的(de)考古工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊，對南(nan)陵縣大工(gong)(gong)山區西邊沖(chong)古銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺址進行發掘。發掘揭(jie)露面積400平方(fang)米(mi)，發現春秋時期(qi)煉銅(tong)(tong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)5座，其(qi)中1號(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)基結構清楚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)缸、風溝、渣坑保存完(wan)好。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)西側有(you)一座用(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘筑的(de)房基，長3米(mi)，寬4米(mi)，是當年用(yong)以休息和堆放冶銅(tong)(tong)器材的(de)工(gong)(gong)棚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前有(you)一片開闊地，是爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前工(gong)(gong)的(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)臺，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)臺下是一個深3米(mi)的(de)大渣坑，用(yong)以存放煉銅(tong)(tong)的(de)棄渣。在操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)臺的(de)東(dong)側，發現了(le)一塊(kuai)用(yong)于鑄造(zao)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)石(shi)范,其(qi)型腔清晰光滑、澆口明(ming)顯(xian)。在2號(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)東(dong)側的(de)灰坑里(li)，發現了(le)大量陶器殘片，可辨認的(de)器形有(you)夾(jia)砂陶盆(pen)形鼎、高足鬲(li)、印紋陶雙耳(er)罐、泥質(zhi)陶高柄豆、原(yuan)始青(qing)瓷碗等(deng)春秋時期(qi)的(de)生活用(yong)具(ju)(ju)。發掘過程(cheng)中還發現了(le)銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)石(shi)、小(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)(tong)塊(kuai)、小(xiao)(xiao)鉛(qian)塊(kuai)、小(xiao)(xiao)件銅(tong)(tong)器和石(shi)球、礪石(shi)、石(shi)臼、塔形銅(tong)(tong)渣、木炭等(deng)冶銅(tong)(tong)生產的(de)原(yuan)料、燃料和工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)。
銅(tong)(tong)陵市的木魚山(shan)、金牛(niu)洞，南陵縣(xian)的江(jiang)木沖(chong)、塌里(li)牧四處，發現一批西周、春秋煉(lian)鋼豎(shu)爐，唐宋礦石焙燒窯、圓形煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)地爐，漢唐地下采礦場等重要遺跡，出土銅(tong)(tong)錠、銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)、鐵(tie)器(qi)、陶器(qi)等物。
大工山——鳳凰山銅(tong)礦遺址的(de)(de)發現，具有極其重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)學術價(jia)值。它(ta)不僅(jin)為(wei)尋找中國的(de)(de)“丹陽銅(tong)”產(chan)地提(ti)供(gong)了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)線索和物證，而且為(wei)探(tan)索中國長江中下游(you)地區青銅(tong)文明的(de)(de)起源(yuan)與發展，研(yan)究(jiu)中國古代采礦、冶(ye)金技術的(de)(de)歷史(shi)進步(bu)，以及當時的(de)(de)社會經濟(ji)史(shi)等方(fang)面，提(ti)供(gong)了(le)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)資料(liao)。
銅(tong)礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大規(gui)模開發(fa)(fa)，是(shi)皖南(nan)地(di)(di)區青銅(tong)文(wen)化(hua)得(de)以(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)。20世紀80年代以(yi)(yi)來，在(zai)以(yi)(yi)大工山(shan)、鳳凰山(shan)為中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)陵、銅(tong)陵、繁昌等(deng)地(di)(di)先(xian)后發(fa)(fa)現周代采銅(tong)礦(kuang)井遺址(zhi)(zhi)和銅(tong)冶煉遺址(zhi)(zhi)數十處，時(shi)代早可達西(xi)周。這一(yi)區域內還分布著(zhu)眾多(duo)西(xi)周至(zhi)春秋(qiu)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺址(zhi)(zhi)，同時(shi)這里也是(shi)土(tu)墩墓分布密集的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域，如此繁盛景(jing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現，說明皖南(nan)地(di)(di)區在(zai)周代江(jiang)南(nan)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展過程中，應占有一(yi)個相當重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位。
1996年11月，南陵縣大工山(shan)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)址和毗鄰的銅(tong)陵鳳凰山(shan)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)址一起被國務(wu)院(yuan)批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)為第四批(pi)(pi)全國文物保護單(dan)位。
2012年，為加強遺址(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)市文物(wu)局委托(tuo)安徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)中心編(bian)制(zhi)了鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦遺址(zhi)總體(ti)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)工(gong)作計劃(hua)，并正式(shi)(shi)向國家(jia)文物(wu)局申(shen)請保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)立項。2013年10月(yue)，國家(jia)文物(wu)局正式(shi)(shi)批復同意鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦遺址(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)立項。同時，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)市委托(tuo)專業(ye)規劃(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)單(dan)位，聯(lian)合安徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)考古研(yan)究所，做好鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦遺址(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)的編(bian)制(zhi)工(gong)作。
2018年(nian)，銅(tong)陵(ling)市(shi)(shi)啟動第三(san)批市(shi)(shi)級文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)保(bao)護標志碑、界樁制(zhi)作以及環境(jing)整治(zhi)項目招標工(gong)(gong)作。對文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)、歷史建(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)遺產規劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)項目。推進(jin)國(guo)保(bao)單位(wei)大工(gong)(gong)山—鳳凰山銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺址和浮(fu)山摩崖(ya)石刻(ke)的保(bao)護規劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)；積極開展《銅(tong)陵(ling)市(shi)(shi)歷史建(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)遺產保(bao)護規劃(hua)(hua)》編(bian)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作。
據(ju)史書記載，漢(han)(han)(han)代產銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)地(di)不少(shao)，相對于全國各地(di)設置的(de)(de)37處鹽(yan)官、48處鐵官而言，當時(shi)政權只在丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)設了一處銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官，丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官在漢(han)(han)(han)代青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工業上的(de)(de)地(di)位由此(ci)可(ke)見。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)在繁(fan)昌區東南(nan)(nan)(nan)五十里，出好(hao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古所謂丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據(ju)《史記》、《漢(han)(han)(han)書》記載西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)政權曾設的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官于今(jin)(jin)天的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官山(shan)下(xia)(xia)，鳳凰山(shan)地(di)區發現的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦采冶遺址(zhi)，很可(ke)能就(jiu)是屬于當時(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官管轄下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)地(di)區性采冶場所。還有(you)一些刻有(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”的(de)(de)銘文(wen)鏡。“漢(han)(han)(han)有(you)善銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”，當時(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)曾是古地(di)區名，又稱“丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵地(di)區西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)隸屬于“丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡”，以(yi)今(jin)(jin)天的(de)(de)行政區劃看，其轄區包(bao)括(kuo)安(an)(an)徽池州以(yi)東，江蘇句容以(yi)西(xi)(xi)，北至長(chang)江南(nan)(nan)(nan)岸，南(nan)(nan)(nan)抵浙江安(an)(an)吉一帶(dai)，大致(zhi)包(bao)括(kuo)了今(jin)(jin)天的(de)(de)宣(xuan)城(cheng)地(di)區。皖(wan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)古代銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦生產的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料(liao)大致(zhi)有(you)三個(ge)(ge)去向(xiang)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料(liao)外運、就(jiu)地(di)加工、在礦區附近鑄錢。從(cong)《六(liu)安(an)(an)出土銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡》、《皖(wan)江漢(han)(han)(han)魏銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡選粹(cui)》等(deng)公開(kai)發表的(de)(de)資料(liao)看，皖(wan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)可(ke)能是戰(zhan)國漢(han)(han)(han)魏時(shi)期(qi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)鑄造中心。
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