大工(gong)山銅(tong)礦遺址面積約(yue)400平方公(gong)里，從公(gong)元前11世紀至公(gong)元1279年，南陵大工(gong)山銅(tong)礦從西周到南宋，延續(xu)時(shi)間長達(da)兩千余年，其采(cai)冶、煉銅(tong)十萬余噸，可供打造百萬件的(de)(de)青銅(tong)器(qi)。銅(tong)在(zai)戰國時(shi)期是(shi)戰略意義的(de)(de)物資，南陵銅(tong)質優(you)量大。據史料記載，楚國在(zai)消滅越(yue)國之后，旋即在(zai)皖南設置“陵陽(yang)郡”，所產銅(tong)材被譽為“陵陽(yang)之金”。
1984年(nian)開始，南陵縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)管部門在第二次(ci)全(quan)國文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)普查(cha)(cha)中(zhong)，發現在大(da)工(gong)山一帶的(de)(de)地表存(cun)有大(da)量陶片，甚至連農民的(de)(de)菜園(yuan)地里都有，還(huan)發現多處疑(yi)為(wei)人(ren)工(gong)開鑿(zao)的(de)(de)坑道以(yi)及(ji)多處古(gu)人(ren)生活及(ji)燒(shao)烤的(de)(de)痕跡。南陵縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)管所(suo)將這一發現逐級上報，引起了蕪(wu)湖市、安徽省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)部門的(de)(de)高度(du)重視。1986年(nian)，安徽省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古(gu)研(yan)究所(suo)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家們根據南陵縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)普查(cha)(cha)情況對(dui)南陵境(jing)內這些發現進行了專(zhuan)題調查(cha)(cha)和復查(cha)(cha)，終(zhong)確定了它就(jiu)是(shi)湮沒在地下、沉睡了千(qian)年(nian)的(de)(de)古(gu)銅冶遺址。
1987年(nian)開始，安徽省銅陵市文(wen)物部(bu)門先后多次(ci)對鳳(feng)凰山銅礦遺(yi)址進行搶(qiang)救性清(qing)理發(fa)掘(jue)，清(qing)理出多處古代(dai)采礦井巷和一(yi)批采掘(jue)生產工具(ju)，并在(zai)附近相(xiang)繼發(fa)現了不(bu)少(shao)采礦和冶煉遺(yi)址。
大工(gong)山銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)包括塌(ta)里牧銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、江木沖冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、劉家井冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、破頭(tou)山采(cai)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)等。塌(ta)里牧遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)位(wei)于大工(gong)山西北(bei)部(bu)，距縣城18公里，與另一(yi)(yi)處(chu)古銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)江木沖遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)隔山相守。塌(ta)里牧遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)西面毗鄰銅(tong)陵市，占地面積22萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米。是(shi)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)集采(cai)礦(kuang)、冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)為一(yi)(yi)體的自漢至(zhi)宋(song)代時期的遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。發源于大工(gong)山的江木沖河(he)流(liu)經(jing)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)東側，匯入(ru)繁(fan)昌(chang)黃滸河(he)，由(you)荻(di)港入(ru)長江。
1991年(nian)10月至12月，安徽省文物考(kao)古(gu)研(yan)究所和(he)南陵(ling)(ling)縣文物管理所組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)工(gong)作(zuo)隊，對南陵(ling)(ling)縣大(da)工(gong)山區西邊沖古(gu)銅(tong)礦遺址進行發掘(jue)(jue)。發掘(jue)(jue)揭露(lu)面(mian)積400平(ping)方(fang)米，發現(xian)春秋時期(qi)煉銅(tong)爐(lu)(lu)5座(zuo)，其中1號(hao)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)基(ji)結構清楚，爐(lu)(lu)缸(gang)、風溝(gou)、渣(zha)(zha)坑保存完好。爐(lu)(lu)西側有一(yi)座(zuo)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)塊壘筑的(de)(de)(de)房基(ji)，長3米，寬4米，是當(dang)年(nian)用(yong)(yong)以休息和(he)堆(dui)放冶(ye)銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)材的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)棚，爐(lu)(lu)前有一(yi)片開闊地，是爐(lu)(lu)前工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)臺(tai)，操作(zuo)臺(tai)下(xia)是一(yi)個深3米的(de)(de)(de)大(da)渣(zha)(zha)坑，用(yong)(yong)以存放煉銅(tong)的(de)(de)(de)棄渣(zha)(zha)。在操作(zuo)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)側，發現(xian)了一(yi)塊用(yong)(yong)于鑄造青(qing)銅(tong)工(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)范,其型腔(qiang)清晰光(guang)滑、澆(jiao)口明(ming)顯。在2號(hao)爐(lu)(lu)東(dong)側的(de)(de)(de)灰坑里，發現(xian)了大(da)量(liang)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)殘片，可辨認的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)形有夾砂陶(tao)(tao)(tao)盆(pen)形鼎、高(gao)足鬲、印紋陶(tao)(tao)(tao)雙耳罐、泥質陶(tao)(tao)(tao)高(gao)柄豆、原(yuan)始青(qing)瓷碗等春秋時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)用(yong)(yong)具。發掘(jue)(jue)過(guo)程中還發現(xian)了銅(tong)礦石(shi)、小(xiao)銅(tong)塊、小(xiao)鉛塊、小(xiao)件銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)石(shi)球、礪石(shi)、石(shi)臼、塔(ta)形銅(tong)渣(zha)(zha)、木炭等冶(ye)銅(tong)生產的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)、燃料(liao)和(he)工(gong)具。
銅(tong)陵市的(de)(de)木(mu)魚山、金牛洞，南陵縣(xian)的(de)(de)江(jiang)木(mu)沖、塌(ta)里牧(mu)四處，發(fa)現一(yi)批西周、春(chun)秋煉鋼(gang)豎(shu)爐，唐宋(song)礦石焙燒窯、圓形煉銅(tong)地爐，漢唐地下采(cai)礦場等(deng)重要遺(yi)跡(ji)，出(chu)土(tu)銅(tong)錠、銅(tong)器、鐵器、陶器等(deng)物(wu)。
大工(gong)山(shan)——鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)發現，具有極其重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)學術價值。它不僅為(wei)尋(xun)找中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)“丹陽(yang)銅”產(chan)地(di)提供(gong)了重(zhong)(zhong)要線(xian)索和物(wu)證，而且為(wei)探索中國(guo)長江中下游地(di)區青銅文明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)起源與發展(zhan)，研究中國(guo)古代采礦(kuang)、冶金技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)進(jin)步，以及當時的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)經(jing)濟史(shi)等方面，提供(gong)了豐富的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料。
銅(tong)礦的(de)(de)(de)(de)大規模開發(fa)(fa)，是(shi)皖南地(di)(di)區青銅(tong)文化得以(yi)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力。20世紀(ji)80年代(dai)(dai)以(yi)來，在(zai)(zai)以(yi)大工山(shan)、鳳凰山(shan)為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)南陵、銅(tong)陵、繁昌(chang)等(deng)地(di)(di)先后(hou)發(fa)(fa)現周(zhou)(zhou)代(dai)(dai)采銅(tong)礦井遺(yi)址(zhi)和銅(tong)冶煉遺(yi)址(zhi)數十(shi)處，時代(dai)(dai)早可達西周(zhou)(zhou)。這一(yi)區域(yu)內還分(fen)布著(zhu)眾(zhong)多西周(zhou)(zhou)至(zhi)春秋時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)，同時這里也是(shi)土墩(dun)墓(mu)分(fen)布密集的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域(yu)，如此(ci)繁盛(sheng)景象的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現，說明皖南地(di)(di)區在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)代(dai)(dai)江南文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展過程(cheng)中(zhong)，應占有(you)一(yi)個相當重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位。
1996年11月，南陵縣大工山銅礦遺址和毗(pi)鄰的(de)銅陵鳳(feng)凰山銅礦遺址一起被國務(wu)院(yuan)批準為第四批全(quan)國文物保護單位。
2012年，為加(jia)強遺(yi)址(zhi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)，銅(tong)(tong)陵(ling)市文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)(ju)委托安徽省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)心編制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)鳳凰山銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)總體保護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)計劃(hua)(hua)，并(bing)正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)向國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)(ju)申請保護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)編制(zhi)(zhi)立(li)項。2013年10月，國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)(ju)正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)批(pi)復同(tong)意鳳凰山銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)編制(zhi)(zhi)立(li)項。同(tong)時，銅(tong)(tong)陵(ling)市委托專(zhuan)業規劃(hua)(hua)編制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)位，聯合安徽省(sheng)考古(gu)研究所(suo)，做好鳳凰山銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)的(de)編制(zhi)(zhi)工作(zuo)。
2018年，銅陵市(shi)啟動第三批市(shi)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)標志(zhi)碑、界(jie)樁制作以及環境整(zheng)治項目招標工(gong)作。對文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、歷史建(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)業(ye)遺(yi)產(chan)規劃編制項目。推進(jin)國保(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)大工(gong)山(shan)—鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅礦遺(yi)址(zhi)和(he)浮(fu)山(shan)摩崖石刻的保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃編制；積極開展《銅陵市(shi)歷史建(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)業(ye)遺(yi)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃》編制工(gong)作。
據(ju)史書記載，漢代產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)地(di)(di)不少，相對于全(quan)國各(ge)地(di)(di)設置的(de)(de)37處鹽官、48處鐵(tie)官而言，當(dang)時政(zheng)權只在(zai)(zai)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)設了一(yi)處銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官，丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官在(zai)(zai)漢代青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文明、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)業上的(de)(de)地(di)(di)位由此可見。丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)繁昌(chang)區(qu)東南五十里，出(chu)(chu)(chu)好(hao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古所謂(wei)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據(ju)《史記》、《漢書》記載西(xi)漢政(zheng)權曾設的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官于今(jin)天的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官山(shan)下，鳳凰山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)現的(de)(de)西(xi)漢時期的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)采冶遺址，很可能就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)屬于當(dang)時銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官管轄下的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)性采冶場所。還有(you)一(yi)些刻有(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”的(de)(de)銘文鏡。“漢有(you)善銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”，當(dang)時好(hao)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)。丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)曾是(shi)古地(di)(di)區(qu)名，又稱“丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)地(di)(di)區(qu)西(xi)漢隸屬于“丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡”，以(yi)今(jin)天的(de)(de)行政(zheng)區(qu)劃看，其轄區(qu)包括安徽池州以(yi)東，江(jiang)蘇(su)句(ju)容以(yi)西(xi)，北至長江(jiang)南岸，南抵浙江(jiang)安吉一(yi)帶，大致(zhi)包括了今(jin)天的(de)(de)宣城地(di)(di)區(qu)。皖(wan)南古代銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)生產(chan)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原料大致(zhi)有(you)三個(ge)去向：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原料外(wai)運(yun)、就(jiu)(jiu)地(di)(di)加(jia)工(gong)、在(zai)(zai)礦(kuang)區(qu)附近鑄錢。從《六安出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡》、《皖(wan)江(jiang)漢魏(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡選粹》等公開發(fa)表(biao)的(de)(de)資(zi)料看，皖(wan)南有(you)可能是(shi)戰國漢魏(wei)時期銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)鑄造中心(xin)。
我心明亮 
