大(da)工(gong)山銅礦遺址面積約400平(ping)方公里，從(cong)公元前11世紀至公元1279年，南(nan)陵(ling)(ling)大(da)工(gong)山銅礦從(cong)西周(zhou)到(dao)南(nan)宋，延(yan)續時間長(chang)達兩千余(yu)年，其采冶、煉銅十萬余(yu)噸，可供打造百萬件的(de)青銅器(qi)。銅在(zai)(zai)戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)時期是戰(zhan)(zhan)略意義的(de)物資，南(nan)陵(ling)(ling)銅質優量大(da)。據史(shi)料記載(zai)，楚(chu)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)消滅越國(guo)之后，旋即在(zai)(zai)皖南(nan)設置(zhi)“陵(ling)(ling)陽郡(jun)”，所產銅材被譽為“陵(ling)(ling)陽之金”。
1984年開始，南(nan)(nan)(nan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管部門(men)在(zai)第二次全國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)普查(cha)(cha)中(zhong)，發(fa)(fa)現在(zai)大工山一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)表存有(you)大量陶片，甚至連(lian)農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)菜園地(di)里都(dou)有(you)，還發(fa)(fa)現多(duo)(duo)處疑為(wei)人(ren)工開鑿的(de)(de)(de)(de)坑道以(yi)及多(duo)(duo)處古人(ren)生活及燒烤的(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡。南(nan)(nan)(nan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管所將(jiang)這(zhe)一(yi)發(fa)(fa)現逐級上報，引(yin)起了蕪湖市、安徽(hui)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)重視。1986年，安徽(hui)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)考古研究所的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)家們(men)根據南(nan)(nan)(nan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)普查(cha)(cha)情況(kuang)對南(nan)(nan)(nan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)境內這(zhe)些發(fa)(fa)現進(jin)行了專(zhuan)題調查(cha)(cha)和復查(cha)(cha)，終確(que)定了它就是湮(yin)沒在(zai)地(di)下(xia)、沉睡了千年的(de)(de)(de)(de)古銅冶遺址(zhi)。
1987年(nian)開(kai)始(shi)，安徽省銅陵(ling)市(shi)文物(wu)部門(men)先后多(duo)次對鳳(feng)凰山銅礦遺址(zhi)進行搶救性清(qing)理發(fa)掘(jue)，清(qing)理出多(duo)處古代采礦井巷和(he)一批采掘(jue)生產工具(ju)，并在附近相繼發(fa)現了不少采礦和(he)冶(ye)煉(lian)遺址(zhi)。
大(da)工山(shan)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包括塌(ta)里牧銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、江木沖(chong)冶煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、破(po)頭山(shan)采礦遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。塌(ta)里牧遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于大(da)工山(shan)西北(bei)部，距縣城18公里，與另一處(chu)古銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江木沖(chong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔山(shan)相守。塌(ta)里牧遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西面(mian)毗鄰銅(tong)陵市，占(zhan)地面(mian)積22萬平方米。是一處(chu)集采礦、冶煉(lian)為一體(ti)的(de)自漢至宋(song)代時期的(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發源于大(da)工山(shan)的(de)江木沖(chong)河流經遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)側，匯入(ru)(ru)繁昌黃(huang)滸河，由荻港(gang)入(ru)(ru)長(chang)江。
1991年10月至12月，安徽省文(wen)物考古(gu)研究所和南(nan)陵縣文(wen)物管理(li)所組成(cheng)的(de)(de)考古(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊，對南(nan)陵縣大工(gong)(gong)(gong)山區西(xi)(xi)邊(bian)沖古(gu)銅礦遺(yi)址進(jin)行發(fa)(fa)掘。發(fa)(fa)掘揭露面積400平方米，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)春(chun)秋時期(qi)煉(lian)銅爐(lu)(lu)(lu)5座，其中1號爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)結構(gou)清楚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)缸、風溝(gou)、渣坑(keng)保存完好。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)有一座用(yong)(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)壘筑的(de)(de)房基(ji)，長3米，寬4米，是當年用(yong)(yong)以休(xiu)息和堆放冶(ye)銅器(qi)(qi)材(cai)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)棚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前有一片開闊地，是爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)操作(zuo)臺，操作(zuo)臺下是一個深3米的(de)(de)大渣坑(keng)，用(yong)(yong)以存放煉(lian)銅的(de)(de)棄渣。在操作(zuo)臺的(de)(de)東側(ce)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了一塊(kuai)(kuai)用(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)造青(qing)(qing)銅工(gong)(gong)(gong)具的(de)(de)石(shi)范(fan),其型腔(qiang)清晰光(guang)滑(hua)、澆(jiao)口明顯(xian)。在2號爐(lu)(lu)(lu)東側(ce)的(de)(de)灰坑(keng)里，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了大量(liang)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)殘(can)片，可辨認的(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)有夾(jia)砂陶(tao)盆形(xing)(xing)鼎、高足鬲、印紋陶(tao)雙耳罐、泥質陶(tao)高柄豆、原始青(qing)(qing)瓷(ci)碗等春(chun)秋時期(qi)的(de)(de)生活用(yong)(yong)具。發(fa)(fa)掘過程中還發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了銅礦石(shi)、小銅塊(kuai)(kuai)、小鉛塊(kuai)(kuai)、小件銅器(qi)(qi)和石(shi)球、礪石(shi)、石(shi)臼、塔(ta)形(xing)(xing)銅渣、木炭等冶(ye)銅生產的(de)(de)原料(liao)、燃(ran)料(liao)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)具。
銅(tong)陵市的木(mu)魚山、金牛(niu)洞，南陵縣的江木(mu)沖、塌里(li)牧四(si)處，發現一批西周(zhou)、春秋煉(lian)鋼豎爐，唐(tang)宋礦石焙燒窯、圓形煉(lian)銅(tong)地爐，漢唐(tang)地下采礦場(chang)等(deng)重要遺跡，出土銅(tong)錠、銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)器(qi)(qi)、陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)物。
大工山(shan)——鳳凰山(shan)銅(tong)礦遺址的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現，具(ju)有(you)極其重要的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)術(shu)價值。它不僅為(wei)尋(xun)找中國的(de)(de)(de)“丹陽銅(tong)”產地(di)提供(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)重要線索和物證，而且為(wei)探索中國長江中下游地(di)區青銅(tong)文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)源與發(fa)展(zhan)，研究中國古代采礦、冶金技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)進步，以及當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會經濟史(shi)等方面，提供(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)。
銅(tong)礦的(de)(de)大(da)規模開發(fa)，是皖(wan)南地區青銅(tong)文化得以發(fa)展的(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)動(dong)力。20世(shi)紀80年代(dai)以來，在以大(da)工山(shan)、鳳凰(huang)山(shan)為中心的(de)(de)南陵(ling)、銅(tong)陵(ling)、繁昌等(deng)地先后發(fa)現周(zhou)代(dai)采銅(tong)礦井遺(yi)址(zhi)和銅(tong)冶煉遺(yi)址(zhi)數(shu)十處，時(shi)代(dai)早可(ke)達西(xi)周(zhou)。這(zhe)一(yi)區域內還分布著眾多西(xi)周(zhou)至春秋時(shi)期的(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)，同時(shi)這(zhe)里也是土墩墓分布密集的(de)(de)區域，如此繁盛(sheng)景象(xiang)的(de)(de)出現，說明皖(wan)南地區在周(zhou)代(dai)江南文化的(de)(de)發(fa)展過程中，應占有一(yi)個相當重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)地位。
1996年11月，南陵縣大工山銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺址(zhi)和毗鄰(lin)的銅陵鳳凰(huang)山銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺址(zhi)一(yi)起被國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)批準為(wei)第(di)四批全國(guo)(guo)文物保護單位。
2012年，為加(jia)強遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護，銅(tong)陵市文物(wu)局委托安(an)徽(hui)省文物(wu)保(bao)護中心編(bian)制了鳳(feng)(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)總體(ti)保(bao)護規劃(hua)工作計劃(hua)，并正式(shi)向(xiang)國家文物(wu)局申(shen)請(qing)保(bao)護規劃(hua)編(bian)制立項。2013年10月，國家文物(wu)局正式(shi)批復同意(yi)鳳(feng)(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護規劃(hua)編(bian)制立項。同時，銅(tong)陵市委托專業規劃(hua)編(bian)制單位(wei)，聯合安(an)徽(hui)省考古研究所，做好鳳(feng)(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護規劃(hua)的(de)編(bian)制工作。
2018年(nian)，銅陵市啟動第(di)三批市級文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護標志碑、界樁制(zhi)作以及環(huan)境整治項(xiang)目(mu)招標工(gong)(gong)作。對(dui)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、歷(li)史建(jian)筑(zhu)與工(gong)(gong)業(ye)遺(yi)產規(gui)劃(hua)編制(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)。推進(jin)國保(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)工(gong)(gong)山—鳳凰山銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址和(he)浮山摩崖石刻的保(bao)(bao)(bao)護規(gui)劃(hua)編制(zhi)；積極(ji)開展《銅陵市歷(li)史建(jian)筑(zhu)與工(gong)(gong)業(ye)遺(yi)產保(bao)(bao)(bao)護規(gui)劃(hua)》編制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作。
據史書記載，漢(han)(han)代產銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)地(di)(di)(di)不少，相對于(yu)全國各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)設置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)37處(chu)(chu)鹽官(guan)、48處(chu)(chu)鐵官(guan)而言，當(dang)(dang)時政(zheng)權(quan)只在(zai)丹(dan)陽(yang)設了一(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)，丹(dan)陽(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)在(zai)漢(han)(han)代青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文明、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工業上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)位由此可(ke)見。丹(dan)陽(yang)有(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山在(zai)繁昌區(qu)(qu)東(dong)南(nan)五十里，出(chu)(chu)好銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古所謂丹(dan)陽(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據《史記》、《漢(han)(han)書》記載西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)政(zheng)權(quan)曾設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)于(yu)今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)山下，鳳凰(huang)山地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦采冶遺址，很可(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)是(shi)屬于(yu)當(dang)(dang)時銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)管轄下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)性采冶場所。還(huan)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)些刻有(you)(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽(yang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銘文鏡(jing)。“漢(han)(han)有(you)(you)善銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽(yang)”，當(dang)(dang)時好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)丹(dan)陽(yang)。丹(dan)陽(yang)曾是(shi)古地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)名，又稱“丹(dan)陽(yang)郡(jun)”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)隸屬于(yu)“丹(dan)陽(yang)郡(jun)”，以(yi)今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃看(kan)，其轄區(qu)(qu)包(bao)括(kuo)安(an)徽池州(zhou)以(yi)東(dong)，江蘇句(ju)容以(yi)西(xi)(xi)，北至長江南(nan)岸，南(nan)抵浙江安(an)吉一(yi)(yi)帶，大(da)致(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)括(kuo)了今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。皖南(nan)古代銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)大(da)致(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)三個(ge)去向：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)外運、就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)加工、在(zai)礦區(qu)(qu)附近鑄(zhu)錢。從(cong)《六(liu)安(an)出(chu)(chu)土銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)》、《皖江漢(han)(han)魏銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)選粹》等公(gong)開(kai)發表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)看(kan)，皖南(nan)有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)戰國漢(han)(han)魏時期銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)鑄(zhu)造中心。
我心明亮 
