大工山銅礦遺(yi)址面積約(yue)400平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)，從公元前11世紀至公元1279年，南(nan)(nan)陵(ling)(ling)大工山銅礦從西周到南(nan)(nan)宋，延續時間長達兩千余年，其(qi)采冶、煉銅十萬余噸，可供(gong)打造百萬件的(de)青銅器。銅在戰國時期(qi)是戰略(lve)意義的(de)物資，南(nan)(nan)陵(ling)(ling)銅質(zhi)優量大。據史(shi)料(liao)記載，楚(chu)國在消滅越國之后，旋即在皖南(nan)(nan)設(she)置“陵(ling)(ling)陽(yang)郡(jun)”，所產銅材被(bei)譽為“陵(ling)(ling)陽(yang)之金”。
1984年開始，南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)管(guan)部(bu)門在第(di)二(er)次全國(guo)文(wen)物普查(cha)中，發(fa)現(xian)在大工山一帶的(de)(de)(de)地(di)表存有大量陶片，甚至連(lian)農民的(de)(de)(de)菜園地(di)里都有，還發(fa)現(xian)多處(chu)疑為人(ren)工開鑿的(de)(de)(de)坑道以(yi)及多處(chu)古(gu)人(ren)生活及燒烤(kao)的(de)(de)(de)痕跡。南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)管(guan)所(suo)將這一發(fa)現(xian)逐級上報，引起了(le)(le)(le)蕪湖市(shi)、安徽省文(wen)物部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)高度重(zhong)視。1986年，安徽省文(wen)物考(kao)古(gu)研究所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)家們根據南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)物普查(cha)情況對南(nan)陵(ling)境內這些(xie)發(fa)現(xian)進行了(le)(le)(le)專(zhuan)題調查(cha)和復查(cha)，終確定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)它(ta)就是湮沒在地(di)下、沉睡了(le)(le)(le)千年的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)銅冶遺址。
1987年開始，安徽省銅陵市(shi)文物部門先后多(duo)次對(dui)鳳凰山銅礦(kuang)遺址進(jin)行搶救性清(qing)理發掘，清(qing)理出多(duo)處(chu)古代采礦(kuang)井巷和一批采掘生產工具，并在附近相繼發現(xian)了不少(shao)采礦(kuang)和冶煉遺址。
大(da)(da)工山銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)包括塌里牧(mu)(mu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、江(jiang)(jiang)木沖冶煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、破頭山采礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)等。塌里牧(mu)(mu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)工山西北部，距(ju)縣城18公(gong)里，與(yu)另一處古(gu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)木沖遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)隔山相守。塌里牧(mu)(mu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)西面毗鄰銅(tong)(tong)(tong)陵市，占地(di)面積22萬平方米。是一處集采礦(kuang)、冶煉(lian)為一體的自漢(han)至(zhi)宋代時期的遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。發源于(yu)大(da)(da)工山的江(jiang)(jiang)木沖河(he)流經遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)側，匯入繁昌黃(huang)滸河(he)，由(you)荻港入長江(jiang)(jiang)。
1991年10月至12月，安徽(hui)省(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)考古研究(jiu)所和(he)南(nan)(nan)陵縣(xian)文(wen)物(wu)管理所組成的(de)(de)(de)考古工(gong)(gong)作隊，對南(nan)(nan)陵縣(xian)大工(gong)(gong)山(shan)區(qu)西(xi)邊沖古銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦遺址(zhi)進行發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘揭露面積400平方米(mi)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現春秋時(shi)期(qi)煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)5座，其(qi)中(zhong)1號(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)結構清楚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)缸(gang)、風溝、渣坑保存完好。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)側有(you)一座用石塊(kuai)(kuai)壘(lei)筑的(de)(de)(de)房基(ji)，長3米(mi)，寬4米(mi)，是(shi)(shi)當(dang)年用以(yi)休息和(he)堆(dui)放冶銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)材的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)棚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前有(you)一片(pian)開闊地(di)，是(shi)(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)操作臺，操作臺下是(shi)(shi)一個深(shen)3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)大渣坑，用以(yi)存放煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)棄渣。在(zai)操作臺的(de)(de)(de)東側，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現了一塊(kuai)(kuai)用于鑄造青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)石范,其(qi)型腔清晰光滑、澆(jiao)口明顯(xian)。在(zai)2號(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)東側的(de)(de)(de)灰坑里，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現了大量陶器(qi)殘片(pian)，可辨認的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)形(xing)有(you)夾砂陶盆形(xing)鼎(ding)、高足(zu)鬲、印紋陶雙耳罐、泥質陶高柄豆、原始青瓷碗等春秋時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)生活用具(ju)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘過程中(zhong)還發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現了銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦石、小(xiao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)塊(kuai)(kuai)、小(xiao)鉛塊(kuai)(kuai)、小(xiao)件銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)和(he)石球、礪(li)石、石臼(jiu)、塔形(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣、木(mu)炭(tan)等冶銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)生產的(de)(de)(de)原料、燃料和(he)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)。
銅(tong)(tong)陵市的木(mu)魚山(shan)、金牛洞(dong)，南陵縣的江木(mu)沖(chong)、塌(ta)里牧四(si)處，發現一批西(xi)周(zhou)、春秋(qiu)煉鋼豎爐(lu)，唐(tang)宋礦(kuang)石(shi)焙(bei)燒窯、圓形煉銅(tong)(tong)地(di)爐(lu)，漢(han)唐(tang)地(di)下采礦(kuang)場(chang)等重要遺跡，出土銅(tong)(tong)錠、銅(tong)(tong)器、鐵(tie)器、陶器等物。
大工山(shan)——鳳凰山(shan)銅礦遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)發現，具有極其重要的(de)(de)學(xue)術價值(zhi)。它不僅為(wei)尋(xun)找中國(guo)的(de)(de)“丹陽銅”產(chan)地提供了(le)重要線(xian)索和(he)物(wu)證，而且為(wei)探(tan)索中國(guo)長江(jiang)中下游地區青銅文明的(de)(de)起源與發展，研究(jiu)中國(guo)古代采礦、冶金技術的(de)(de)歷史進(jin)步，以(yi)及當時的(de)(de)社會經濟(ji)史等方(fang)面，提供了(le)豐富的(de)(de)資料。
銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)大規(gui)模開(kai)發，是皖(wan)南地(di)(di)區青銅(tong)(tong)文(wen)化(hua)得(de)以(yi)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)動力。20世紀(ji)80年代以(yi)來(lai)，在以(yi)大工山(shan)、鳳(feng)凰(huang)山(shan)為(wei)中心的(de)(de)(de)南陵、銅(tong)(tong)陵、繁(fan)昌等地(di)(di)先后發現(xian)周(zhou)代采銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)井遺址(zhi)和銅(tong)(tong)冶煉(lian)遺址(zhi)數(shu)十處，時(shi)(shi)代早(zao)可達(da)西周(zhou)。這一區域(yu)內還(huan)分布(bu)著眾多西周(zhou)至(zhi)春(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)遺址(zhi)，同時(shi)(shi)這里也是土墩墓分布(bu)密(mi)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)區域(yu)，如此繁(fan)盛景(jing)象的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)，說(shuo)明皖(wan)南地(di)(di)區在周(zhou)代江南文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)過程中，應占有一個(ge)相(xiang)當重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位。
1996年11月，南陵縣大工山銅礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)和毗鄰(lin)的銅陵鳳(feng)凰山銅礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)一起被國務院批準(zhun)為第四批全國文物保(bao)護單位。
2012年(nian)，為(wei)加強(qiang)遺(yi)址保護，銅(tong)(tong)陵市(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)物局委(wei)(wei)托安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物保護中心編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)了鳳凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址總體保護規(gui)劃(hua)工作(zuo)計劃(hua)，并正(zheng)式(shi)向國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物局申(shen)請保護規(gui)劃(hua)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)立(li)項(xiang)。2013年(nian)10月(yue)，國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物局正(zheng)式(shi)批復同(tong)意鳳凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址保護規(gui)劃(hua)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)立(li)項(xiang)。同(tong)時，銅(tong)(tong)陵市(shi)(shi)委(wei)(wei)托專業規(gui)劃(hua)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)單(dan)位，聯合(he)安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)考古(gu)研究所(suo)，做好鳳凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址保護規(gui)劃(hua)的編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)工作(zuo)。
2018年(nian)，銅陵市啟動(dong)第三批市級文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位保(bao)護(hu)(hu)標(biao)志碑、界樁制(zhi)作(zuo)以(yi)及環境整治(zhi)項目招標(biao)工(gong)作(zuo)。對文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位、歷(li)史(shi)建筑與工(gong)業遺(yi)產規劃編(bian)制(zhi)項目。推進國(guo)保(bao)單位大工(gong)山(shan)(shan)—鳳凰山(shan)(shan)銅礦遺(yi)址和(he)浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃編(bian)制(zhi)；積極(ji)開展《銅陵市歷(li)史(shi)建筑與工(gong)業遺(yi)產保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃》編(bian)制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)。
據史(shi)書記(ji)載，漢(han)(han)代產銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)地不少，相對(dui)于(yu)全(quan)國各地設置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)37處(chu)鹽官、48處(chu)鐵(tie)官而(er)言，當時(shi)政(zheng)權只在丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)設了一(yi)處(chu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官，丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官在漢(han)(han)代青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文明、青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工業上的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位由此可見。丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山在繁昌區(qu)(qu)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)五十(shi)里，出(chu)好(hao)(hao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古(gu)所謂(wei)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據《史(shi)記(ji)》、《漢(han)(han)書》記(ji)載西(xi)漢(han)(han)政(zheng)權曾設的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官于(yu)今(jin)(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官山下，鳳凰山地區(qu)(qu)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)漢(han)(han)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)采冶遺址，很可能就是屬于(yu)當時(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官管(guan)轄(xia)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個地區(qu)(qu)性采冶場所。還(huan)有(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)刻(ke)有(you)(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)銘文鏡。“漢(han)(han)有(you)(you)善銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”，當時(shi)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)。丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)曾是古(gu)地區(qu)(qu)名，又稱“丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵地區(qu)(qu)西(xi)漢(han)(han)隸屬于(yu)“丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)”，以今(jin)(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃看，其轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)包括安(an)(an)徽(hui)池州(zhou)以東(dong)，江(jiang)蘇(su)句容以西(xi)，北至(zhi)長江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岸(an)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)抵浙(zhe)江(jiang)安(an)(an)吉(ji)一(yi)帶，大致(zhi)包括了今(jin)(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣城地區(qu)(qu)。皖南(nan)(nan)(nan)古(gu)代銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原料(liao)大致(zhi)有(you)(you)三個去向(xiang)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原料(liao)外運、就地加(jia)工、在礦(kuang)區(qu)(qu)附近鑄錢。從《六安(an)(an)出(chu)土銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡》、《皖江(jiang)漢(han)(han)魏(wei)(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡選粹》等(deng)公開發表的(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)看，皖南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)可能是戰國漢(han)(han)魏(wei)(wei)時(shi)期(qi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個鑄造中心。
我心明亮 
