大工(gong)(gong)山銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦遺址面(mian)積約400平方(fang)公里，從公元前11世紀至公元1279年(nian)，南陵(ling)(ling)大工(gong)(gong)山銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦從西周到南宋，延(yan)續時(shi)間長達兩千余年(nian)，其采(cai)冶、煉銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)十萬余噸，可供(gong)打造百萬件的青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在戰國(guo)時(shi)期是戰略(lve)意義的物資，南陵(ling)(ling)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)質優(you)量大。據史料(liao)記載，楚(chu)國(guo)在消滅越國(guo)之(zhi)后，旋即在皖南設置“陵(ling)(ling)陽郡”，所產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材被譽為“陵(ling)(ling)陽之(zhi)金”。
1984年(nian)開(kai)始，南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)管(guan)部門在(zai)第二次全國文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)普(pu)查(cha)中(zhong)，發現(xian)在(zai)大(da)工(gong)山一帶的(de)地(di)表存有(you)大(da)量陶片，甚至連(lian)農民的(de)菜園地(di)里都有(you)，還發現(xian)多(duo)處疑為人工(gong)開(kai)鑿的(de)坑道以及多(duo)處古(gu)(gu)人生活及燒烤(kao)的(de)痕跡。南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)管(guan)所將這(zhe)一發現(xian)逐級上(shang)報，引起(qi)了(le)蕪湖(hu)市(shi)、安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)部門的(de)高度重視(shi)。1986年(nian)，安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)考古(gu)(gu)研(yan)究所的(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)們根據南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)普(pu)查(cha)情況(kuang)對(dui)南(nan)陵(ling)境內(nei)這(zhe)些發現(xian)進(jin)行了(le)專(zhuan)題調查(cha)和復查(cha)，終確定了(le)它就是湮沒在(zai)地(di)下、沉睡(shui)了(le)千(qian)年(nian)的(de)古(gu)(gu)銅(tong)冶遺址。
1987年(nian)開始，安徽省銅陵市文物部門先后多(duo)次(ci)對鳳凰山銅礦(kuang)遺址進行搶(qiang)救性清理(li)發掘，清理(li)出多(duo)處古代采礦(kuang)井巷(xiang)和(he)一批采掘生產工具，并(bing)在附近相(xiang)繼發現了(le)不少(shao)采礦(kuang)和(he)冶煉(lian)遺址。
大工山(shan)銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包括塌里牧銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、江(jiang)木(mu)沖冶煉(lian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶煉(lian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、破頭山(shan)采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。塌里牧遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于(yu)大工山(shan)西北部，距縣城18公(gong)里，與另一(yi)處古銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)木(mu)沖遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔山(shan)相守(shou)。塌里牧遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西面毗(pi)鄰銅陵市(shi)，占地(di)面積22萬平方米。是一(yi)處集采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)、冶煉(lian)為一(yi)體的自漢至宋代時期的遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)大工山(shan)的江(jiang)木(mu)沖河流(liu)經遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東側，匯(hui)入繁昌(chang)黃滸河，由荻港入長江(jiang)。
1991年10月至(zhi)12月，安徽省文(wen)物(wu)考古研究所(suo)(suo)和(he)(he)南陵縣文(wen)物(wu)管理所(suo)(suo)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)考古工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊，對南陵縣大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)山區西(xi)(xi)邊(bian)沖古銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址進行發(fa)掘。發(fa)掘揭露面積400平(ping)方米，發(fa)現春秋時期煉銅(tong)(tong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)5座，其中1號爐(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)基結構清楚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)缸、風溝、渣坑保(bao)存完好(hao)。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)有一(yi)(yi)座用(yong)石塊(kuai)(kuai)壘筑的(de)(de)房基，長(chang)3米，寬(kuan)4米，是當年用(yong)以休(xiu)息和(he)(he)堆放(fang)(fang)冶銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)材(cai)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)棚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前有一(yi)(yi)片開闊地，是爐(lu)(lu)(lu)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)操作(zuo)臺，操作(zuo)臺下是一(yi)(yi)個深3米的(de)(de)大(da)渣坑，用(yong)以存放(fang)(fang)煉銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)棄渣。在操作(zuo)臺的(de)(de)東(dong)側(ce)，發(fa)現了一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)用(yong)于鑄造(zao)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)石范(fan),其型腔清晰光滑、澆口(kou)明顯。在2號爐(lu)(lu)(lu)東(dong)側(ce)的(de)(de)灰坑里，發(fa)現了大(da)量陶(tao)器(qi)殘片，可辨(bian)認(ren)的(de)(de)器(qi)形(xing)有夾砂陶(tao)盆形(xing)鼎、高(gao)足鬲、印紋陶(tao)雙(shuang)耳罐、泥質陶(tao)高(gao)柄豆、原(yuan)始青(qing)瓷(ci)碗等春秋時期的(de)(de)生(sheng)活用(yong)具(ju)。發(fa)掘過程中還發(fa)現了銅(tong)(tong)礦石、小銅(tong)(tong)塊(kuai)(kuai)、小鉛(qian)塊(kuai)(kuai)、小件銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)和(he)(he)石球(qiu)、礪石、石臼、塔形(xing)銅(tong)(tong)渣、木炭等冶銅(tong)(tong)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)原(yuan)料、燃料和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)。
銅(tong)陵市的(de)木(mu)魚山、金牛洞，南陵縣的(de)江木(mu)沖、塌(ta)里牧四處(chu)，發現一批西周、春秋(qiu)煉鋼豎(shu)爐，唐宋(song)礦(kuang)(kuang)石焙燒窯(yao)、圓形煉銅(tong)地(di)(di)爐，漢唐地(di)(di)下采礦(kuang)(kuang)場等(deng)重要遺(yi)跡，出土銅(tong)錠、銅(tong)器、鐵器、陶器等(deng)物(wu)。
大工山(shan)——鳳凰山(shan)銅(tong)礦遺址的(de)發(fa)現，具有極其重要的(de)學(xue)術價值。它不僅為尋找中國的(de)“丹(dan)陽銅(tong)”產(chan)地提(ti)供(gong)了(le)重要線索和物(wu)證，而(er)且為探(tan)索中國長江中下游地區青(qing)銅(tong)文(wen)明(ming)的(de)起源與發(fa)展，研究中國古代采礦、冶金技術的(de)歷史進步，以(yi)及當時的(de)社(she)會經濟史等方面，提(ti)供(gong)了(le)豐富的(de)資料。
銅(tong)礦的(de)大規模開(kai)發，是(shi)皖南地(di)區(qu)(qu)青銅(tong)文(wen)化(hua)得以發展(zhan)的(de)一(yi)個重要的(de)動力。20世紀80年(nian)代(dai)以來(lai)，在以大工山、鳳凰山為中心(xin)的(de)南陵、銅(tong)陵、繁昌等(deng)地(di)先(xian)后發現周代(dai)采銅(tong)礦井遺址(zhi)和銅(tong)冶煉遺址(zhi)數十處，時代(dai)早可達(da)西周。這一(yi)區(qu)(qu)域內還分(fen)布著(zhu)眾(zhong)多西周至(zhi)春秋(qiu)時期的(de)遺址(zhi)，同(tong)時這里也是(shi)土墩墓分(fen)布密集的(de)區(qu)(qu)域，如此繁盛景象的(de)出現，說(shuo)明皖南地(di)區(qu)(qu)在周代(dai)江南文(wen)化(hua)的(de)發展(zhan)過程中，應占有一(yi)個相當重要的(de)地(di)位。
1996年(nian)11月，南陵縣大(da)工山(shan)銅礦遺址和毗鄰(lin)的銅陵鳳凰山(shan)銅礦遺址一起被國務院批準為第四批全(quan)國文物保護單位(wei)。
2012年，為(wei)加強遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)護，銅(tong)陵(ling)市(shi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)委(wei)托安徽省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護中心編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)了鳳凰(huang)山銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)總體保(bao)護規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)計劃，并正式(shi)向國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)申請保(bao)護規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)立(li)項。2013年10月(yue)，國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)正式(shi)批(pi)復同(tong)意鳳凰(huang)山銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)護規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)立(li)項。同(tong)時，銅(tong)陵(ling)市(shi)委(wei)托專業規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)單位，聯合安徽省(sheng)考古研究所(suo)，做好鳳凰(huang)山銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)護規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃的編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。
2018年，銅(tong)陵(ling)市啟(qi)動第三(san)批(pi)市級文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)標(biao)志碑、界樁(zhuang)制作(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)及環境整治項目(mu)招標(biao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。對文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)、歷史建筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)業遺產(chan)規(gui)(gui)劃編制項目(mu)。推進(jin)國(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)大工(gong)(gong)山—鳳凰山銅(tong)礦遺址和浮(fu)山摩崖石刻的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃編制；積極(ji)開展《銅(tong)陵(ling)市歷史建筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)業遺產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃》編制工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。
據史(shi)(shi)書記(ji)載，漢(han)代(dai)(dai)產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)地(di)不少，相對于(yu)全國各地(di)設(she)置(zhi)的(de)(de)37處鹽官(guan)(guan)、48處鐵官(guan)(guan)而言(yan)，當時政權只在(zai)(zai)(zai)丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)設(she)了(le)一處銅(tong)(tong)官(guan)(guan)，丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)官(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)漢(han)代(dai)(dai)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)文明(ming)、青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)工業上的(de)(de)地(di)位由(you)此(ci)可(ke)見。丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)山，“銅(tong)(tong)山在(zai)(zai)(zai)繁昌區東(dong)南(nan)五十里，出(chu)好(hao)銅(tong)(tong)，古(gu)所謂丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)”。據《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)》、《漢(han)書》記(ji)載西(xi)漢(han)政權曾設(she)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)官(guan)(guan)于(yu)今天的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)陵銅(tong)(tong)官(guan)(guan)山下(xia)，鳳(feng)凰山地(di)區發現的(de)(de)西(xi)漢(han)時期(qi)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)采冶遺址，很可(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)是屬(shu)于(yu)當時銅(tong)(tong)官(guan)(guan)管轄下(xia)的(de)(de)一個地(di)區性(xing)采冶場所。還有(you)(you)一些刻有(you)(you)“銅(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)”的(de)(de)銘(ming)文鏡。“漢(han)有(you)(you)善銅(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)”，當時好(hao)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)曾是古(gu)地(di)區名，又稱“丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡”，銅(tong)(tong)陵地(di)區西(xi)漢(han)隸屬(shu)于(yu)“丹(dan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡”，以今天的(de)(de)行政區劃看，其轄區包括安(an)徽池州以東(dong)，江蘇句容(rong)以西(xi)，北至長(chang)江南(nan)岸(an)，南(nan)抵浙江安(an)吉一帶，大(da)(da)致包括了(le)今天的(de)(de)宣城地(di)區。皖(wan)南(nan)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)生產(chan)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料大(da)(da)致有(you)(you)三個去向：銅(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料外運、就(jiu)地(di)加(jia)工、在(zai)(zai)(zai)礦(kuang)(kuang)區附(fu)近(jin)鑄錢。從(cong)《六安(an)出(chu)土銅(tong)(tong)鏡》、《皖(wan)江漢(han)魏銅(tong)(tong)鏡選粹》等公開發表的(de)(de)資料看，皖(wan)南(nan)有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)是戰國漢(han)魏時期(qi)銅(tong)(tong)鏡的(de)(de)一個鑄造中心。
我心明亮 
