中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城共有內、中(zhong)(zhong)、外三道城。外城周(zhou)長約30公里,設四(si)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),每座城門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)以(yi)(yi)內都(dou)(dou)(dou)有一(yi)條(tiao)筆直的(de)干道,縱(zong)橫交錯(cuo)。中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)道為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禁垣,周(zhou)長7.85公里,平面呈長方形,四(si)面設4門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。即南(nan)曰承天(tian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、北(bei)曰北(bei)安門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、東(dong)曰東(dong)安門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)曰西(xi)安門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。禁垣以(yi)(yi)內為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬約80米的(de)護(hu)(hu)城河,被護(hu)(hu)城河環繞的(de)才是內城;周(zhou)長3.68公里,平面近(jin)方形,占(zhan)地84萬平方米;墻(qiang)高15米,全(quan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長40、寬20、厚(hou)11厘米的(de)特制大磚所砌。在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城內十分明顯地存在(zai)著一(yi)條(tiao)縱(zong)貫全(quan)城南(nan)北(bei)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線。這條(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線南(nan)起(qi)外城的(de)洪(hong)武門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),北(bei)到外城的(de)正北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(未建(jian)(jian)(jian)成),全(quan)長近(jin)7公里。中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城內的(de)各種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)無不規整對(dui)稱地排列在(zai)這條(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線的(de)兩側。居中(zhong)(zhong)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三大殿(dian),其(qi)(qi)左(zuo)、右分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)、西(xi)二宮,向(xiang)兩翼分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文華、武英二殿(dian)。其(qi)(qi)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奉(feng)天(tian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后三宮。午(wu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)以(yi)(yi)南(nan),左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)書省、太(tai)廟,右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大都(dou)(dou)(dou)督府,御史臺(tai)、社稷。明洪(hong)武八(ba)年(nian)(1375年(nian)),“罷中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)役作”。后因(yin)取材建(jian)(jian)(jian)龍興寺、歷戰火等原因(yin),城墻(qiang)及宮殿(dian)被大量毀(hui)壞,至20世紀70年(nian)代(dai)初,僅剩殘存的(de)午(wu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)華門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)臺(tai)基及1100米長的(de)城墻(qiang),現正陸續(xu)修復中(zhong)(zhong)。
中都城原有內、中、外三道(dao)城,共有宮殿、樓(lou)臺、門闕(que)、壇廟、第(di)宅、館舍等各種建筑(zhu)(zhu)9000多(duo)間,其建筑(zhu)(zhu)面積達84萬多(duo)平方米。明代雕(diao)刻。皇陵在安(an)徽鳳陽太平鄉。是明太祖朱元璋的父母及兄長陵墓前石(shi)雕(diao)群(qun)像。洪武元年(1368)始建,洪武十(shi)年建成。有周(zhou)七十(shi)五(wu)丈(zhang),磚城周(zhou)六里, 土(tu)城周(zhou)二十(shi)八里,神道(dao)入口處有二碑亭。文臣(chen)、武將、內侍、文官(guan)石(shi)雕(diao)像,各高丈(zhang)余;石(shi)馬(ma)、石(shi)獅、石(shi)虎、石(shi)羊、石(shi)麒麟等三十(shi)六對(現(xian)存三十(shi)四對),均比實物大三倍。
六(liu)百余(yu)年(nian)(nian)來,中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)建筑幾經滄桑,然察(cha)其(qi)布局、遺址(zhi)、遺物(wu),仍(reng)十分壯觀。午(wu)門、西華門和近1100米(mi)長的(de)城(cheng)墻至(zhi)今保(bao)存完好。寬80米(mi)的(de)護(hu)城(cheng)河(he)基(ji)本(ben)保(bao)持(chi)原貌。午(wu)門門券(quan)兩側及樓臺四周的(de)須彌座上,連續不(bu)斷鑲嵌著(zhu)龍、鳳、牡丹、芍藥、荷花、云朵、方(fang)勝等浮雕(diao)圖案,技藝精湛,華麗無比。特別是奉天殿(dian)之側的(de)五個巨型蟠龍石(shi)礎,每塊2.7米(mi)見方(fang),高1.7米(mi),面積7.3平方(fang)米(mi),刻工精細,形象生(sheng)動(dong)。有關專家、學者對其(qi)遺址(zhi)都(dou)(dou)予以高度評(ping)價,已故安徽師范大學教授(shou)盧村禾(he)稱贊明中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)故城(cheng)為“東方(fang)巴(ba)比倫(lun)”。一九八二年(nian)(nian)被列為全國文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位。