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地理位置

陳(chen)山(shan)舊(jiu)石器出土地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)，又稱(cheng)向(xiang)陽舊(jiu)石器地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)，位于宣(xuan)州(zhou)(zhou)市向(xiang)陽鄉夏村趙邊生(sheng)產隊。東(dong)經(jing)118°52’，北(bei)緯30°52’，西北(bei)距宣(xuan)州(zhou)(zhou)市區(qu)(qu)(qu)15公里，水陽江在(zai)東(dong)北(bei)1000米處(chu)自東(dong)南向(xiang)西北(bei)流經(jing)。舊(jiu)石器出土于一條(tiao)西南——東(dong)北(bei)走向(xiang)的隴崗東(dong)北(bei)端，當地(di)(di)俗稱(cheng)“陳(chen)山(shan)”。陳(chen)山(shan)屬(shu)黃山(shan)山(shan)脈的余(yu)脈，海拔40-50米，地(di)(di)質分區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)下揚子地(di)(di)層分區(qu)(qu)(qu)常州(zhou)(zhou)——宣(xuan)城地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)。舊(jiu)石器地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)面(mian)積(ji)達14萬平方米。

發掘

1987年省考古研究所調(diao)查發現，1988年上半年試掘。

試掘是依剖(pou)面(mian)邊緣開挖探溝的(de)，根據地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可分為10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)(di)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)褐色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚0.6-1.15米(mi)，為全新世以后擾土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕(zong)黃(huang)(huang)色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，最(zui)厚處(chu)0.55米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐紅色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚0.1-2.5米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，桔(jie)黃(huang)(huang)色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚0-0.8米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚0.2-1.5米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕(zong)紅色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚3.2-4.8米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)紅色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，間有(you)桔(jie)黃(huang)(huang)、灰黃(huang)(huang)等(deng)雜色，厚0.9-1.4米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，淺黃(huang)(huang)色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，也有(you)棕(zong)紅、淡黃(huang)(huang)等(deng)結核病色，厚0.85-1.1米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，紫色粉砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚0.35-1.1米(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，網紋化(hua)礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。在第(di)(di)(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之上(shang)的(de)9至(zhi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都發現有(you)石(shi)器，尤其第(di)(di)(di)2、3、6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)最(zui)多。地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)沒有(you)發現哺(bu)乳動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)石(shi)。根據堆積物(wu)(wu)的(de)巖(yan)性，將(jiang)2至(zhi)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分為上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，6至(zhi)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

調查和試掘(jue)獲得石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)標(biao)本(ben)200多件(jian)，其中(zhong)(zhong)試掘(jue)時(shi)(shi)獲得的(de)石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)本(ben)141件(jian)，有明顯的(de)人(ren)類加工痕跡標(biao)本(ben)79件(jian)，包括(kuo)毛胚和石(shi)(shi)片。肉(rou)眼可見的(de)簡單加工和使用(yong)痕跡的(de)標(biao)本(ben)3件(jian)。石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)巖性大多數為(wei)石(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)巖，其次是砂(sha)巖和石(shi)(shi)英巖，只有少量的(de)硅質巖。經過(guo)初步(bu)觀察，各層(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)形制(zhi)(zhi)和制(zhi)(zhi)造工藝變化不大，依(yi)據地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)分早(zao)、晚(wan)(wan)兩(liang)期(qi)(qi)。早(zao)期(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)類型(xing)有石(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)核、砍伐器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖狀(zhuang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖狀(zhuang)——砍器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍斫器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)錘(chui)、刮(gua)削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)類型(xing)有石(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)核、砍伐器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍斫器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、刮(gua)削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖狀(zhuang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，沒(mei)發現尖狀(zhuang)——砍器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和石(shi)(shi)錘(chui)。向陽(yang)舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)點下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)，即第6層(ceng)(ceng)和第9層(ceng)(ceng)堆積屬于中(zhong)(zhong)更新世(shi)“網紋紅(hong)土”，所出文化遺物為(wei)舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代早(zao)期(qi)(qi)。上層(ceng)(ceng)即第2層(ceng)(ceng)至5層(ceng)(ceng)堆積屬于晚(wan)(wan)更新世(shi)的(de)“下(xia)蜀黃(huang)土”，所出文化遺物為(wei)舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)。

歷史意義

陳山(shan)遺址是地(di)處水(shui)陽江(jiang)中游十余處同類舊石器地(di)點(dian)的(de)中心，遺址面積(ji)大，延(yan)續時代長。它完(wan)整連續的(de)地(di)層剖面，已成(cheng)為多學科綜合研究華南更新世環境變遷與早期人(ren)類生活背景所關注的(de)焦(jiao)點(dian)。

水陽(yang)(yang)江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)點群(qun)，共有(you)(you)(you)10多個舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)點，它們(men)代表(biao)了長(chang)江(jiang)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代文化(hua)，而向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)點面積大，文化(hua)層(ceng)堆積厚，遺物豐富，可(ke)成為(wei)長(chang)江(jiang)下游(you)一處(chu)標(biao)準(zhun)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)點。經(jing)研究(jiu)認為(wei)，向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先民，可(ke)能(neng)過(guo)(guo)著半定居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活，并(bing)已學會了用火，過(guo)(guo)著采集(ji)為(wei)主(zhu)、捕獵為(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活。這些(xie)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工具，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用痕(hen)跡。向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)陳(chen)山舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現和(he)試(shi)掘，有(you)(you)(you)助于增(zeng)加對這種(zhong)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識，所獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)遺物為(wei)進(jin)一步(bu)研究(jiu)古人類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)活提供(gong)了可(ke)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實物資(zi)料。