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地理位置

陳山(shan)(shan)(shan)舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器出土地(di)點，又稱向陽舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器地(di)點，位于(yu)宣(xuan)州(zhou)市向陽鄉(xiang)夏村趙(zhao)邊生產隊。東(dong)經(jing)(jing)118°52’，北(bei)緯30°52’，西北(bei)距宣(xuan)州(zhou)市區(qu)15公里，水陽江在東(dong)北(bei)1000米(mi)(mi)處自東(dong)南向西北(bei)流(liu)經(jing)(jing)。舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器出土于(yu)一(yi)條西南——東(dong)北(bei)走向的(de)隴崗東(dong)北(bei)端，當地(di)俗稱“陳山(shan)(shan)(shan)”。陳山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)的(de)余脈(mo)，海拔40-50米(mi)(mi)，地(di)質分(fen)區(qu)屬下揚子(zi)地(di)層分(fen)區(qu)常州(zhou)——宣(xuan)城(cheng)地(di)區(qu)小(xiao)區(qu)。舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器地(di)點面(mian)積達14萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。

發掘

1987年省考古研(yan)究所調(diao)查(cha)發(fa)現，1988年上半年試掘。

試掘是依剖面邊(bian)緣開挖探溝(gou)的(de)(de)，根據地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可分為(wei)(wei)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，厚(hou)(hou)0.6-1.15米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)全新世以后(hou)擾土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕(zong)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，最厚(hou)(hou)處0.55米(mi)。第(di)(di)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐(he)(he)紅色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，厚(hou)(hou)0.1-2.5米(mi)。第(di)(di)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，桔黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，厚(hou)(hou)0-0.8米(mi)。第(di)(di)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，厚(hou)(hou)0.2-1.5米(mi)。第(di)(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕(zong)紅色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，厚(hou)(hou)3.2-4.8米(mi)。第(di)(di)7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)紅色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，間有桔黃(huang)(huang)、灰黃(huang)(huang)等(deng)雜色(se)(se)，厚(hou)(hou)0.9-1.4米(mi)。第(di)(di)8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，淺黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，也有棕(zong)紅、淡黃(huang)(huang)等(deng)結(jie)核病(bing)色(se)(se)，厚(hou)(hou)0.85-1.1米(mi)。第(di)(di)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，紫色(se)(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)粘土，厚(hou)(hou)0.35-1.1米(mi)。第(di)(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，網(wang)紋化(hua)礫石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。在第(di)(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)礫石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之上(shang)的(de)(de)9至(zhi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都發現(xian)有石器，尤其第(di)(di)2、3、6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)最多。地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中沒(mei)有發現(xian)哺(bu)乳動物化(hua)石。根據堆積物的(de)(de)巖性，將2至(zhi)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分為(wei)(wei)上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，6至(zhi)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

調(diao)查和試掘獲(huo)得石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)本(ben)(ben)200多(duo)件(jian)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)試掘時(shi)獲(huo)得的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)標(biao)本(ben)(ben)141件(jian)，有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)人類加工(gong)痕跡(ji)標(biao)本(ben)(ben)79件(jian)，包括毛胚和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片。肉眼可見的(de)(de)(de)簡單加工(gong)和使用痕跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)本(ben)(ben)3件(jian)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)巖性大多(duo)數為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂巖，其(qi)(qi)次(ci)是砂巖和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖，只(zhi)有(you)少量的(de)(de)(de)硅質巖。經過初步觀察，各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)制(zhi)和制(zhi)造工(gong)藝變化不大，依(yi)據地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分早、晚兩期(qi)。早期(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)類型有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)伐器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)狀(zhuang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)狀(zhuang)——砍(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)斫器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘、刮削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。晚期(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)類型有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)伐器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)斫器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、刮削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)狀(zhuang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，沒發現尖(jian)狀(zhuang)——砍(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘。向陽舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地點下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，即第(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和第(di)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)堆積屬于中(zhong)更新世“網紋紅土”，所出(chu)文化遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)為(wei)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代早期(qi)。上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)即第(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)至(zhi)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)堆積屬于晚更新世的(de)(de)(de)“下(xia)蜀(shu)黃(huang)土”，所出(chu)文化遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)為(wei)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代中(zhong)晚期(qi)。

歷史意義

陳(chen)山遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是地(di)處(chu)水陽(yang)江(jiang)中游十余(yu)處(chu)同類舊(jiu)石器地(di)點的中心，遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積大(da)，延續(xu)時(shi)代長(chang)。它完整連續(xu)的地(di)層剖面(mian)，已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)多學科綜合研究華南更新世環(huan)境變遷(qian)與早期人類生活背景所關(guan)注的焦點。

水陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)(dian)(dian)群，共有10多(duo)個舊(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)(dian)(dian)，它們代表了(le)長江(jiang)(jiang)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)一種新的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器時(shi)代文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，而向陽(yang)舊(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)積大，文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層堆積厚，遺物(wu)豐富，可成為(wei)(wei)長江(jiang)(jiang)下游(you)一處標(biao)準舊(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)(dian)(dian)。經研究認為(wei)(wei)，向陽(yang)舊(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)先民(min)，可能過(guo)著半定居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活，并已學會了(le)用(yong)火，過(guo)著采集(ji)為(wei)(wei)主、捕獵為(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活。這(zhe)些出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器是他們的(de)(de)(de)原始生(sheng)產(chan)工具，有的(de)(de)(de)有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)痕跡(ji)。向陽(yang)陳山(shan)舊(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)和試(shi)掘，有助于增加對(dui)這(zhe)種新的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)認識，所獲的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺物(wu)為(wei)(wei)進一步(bu)研究古人類的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活提(ti)供了(le)可貴的(de)(de)(de)實物(wu)資料。