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地理位置

陳(chen)山(shan)舊(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)出土地(di)(di)點(dian)，又稱(cheng)向(xiang)陽(yang)舊(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點(dian)，位于宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)州(zhou)市(shi)向(xiang)陽(yang)鄉夏村(cun)趙邊(bian)生(sheng)產隊。東(dong)(dong)經(jing)118°52’，北(bei)(bei)緯30°52’，西北(bei)(bei)距宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)州(zhou)市(shi)區(qu)15公里，水(shui)陽(yang)江(jiang)在東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)1000米(mi)處自東(dong)(dong)南向(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)流經(jing)。舊(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)出土于一(yi)條(tiao)西南——東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang)的隴崗東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)端(duan)，當地(di)(di)俗稱(cheng)“陳(chen)山(shan)”。陳(chen)山(shan)屬黃山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo)的余脈(mo)，海拔(ba)40-50米(mi)，地(di)(di)質(zhi)分區(qu)屬下揚子地(di)(di)層分區(qu)常州(zhou)——宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)城地(di)(di)區(qu)小區(qu)。舊(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點(dian)面(mian)積達14萬平方米(mi)。

發掘

1987年(nian)省考(kao)古研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)調查(cha)發現(xian)，1988年(nian)上半年(nian)試掘。

試掘是依剖面邊緣開(kai)挖探溝的，根據(ju)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可(ke)分為10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)褐(he)色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.6-1.15米(mi)(mi)，為全新世以(yi)后擾(rao)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕黃(huang)(huang)色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，最厚(hou)處0.55米(mi)(mi)。第(di)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐(he)紅色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.1-2.5米(mi)(mi)。第(di)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，桔黃(huang)(huang)色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0-0.8米(mi)(mi)。第(di)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐(he)色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.2-1.5米(mi)(mi)。第(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕紅色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)3.2-4.8米(mi)(mi)。第(di)7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)紅色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，間有(you)桔黃(huang)(huang)、灰黃(huang)(huang)等(deng)雜色(se)，厚(hou)0.9-1.4米(mi)(mi)。第(di)8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，淺黃(huang)(huang)色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，也有(you)棕紅、淡黃(huang)(huang)等(deng)結(jie)核病色(se)，厚(hou)0.85-1.1米(mi)(mi)。第(di)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，紫色(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.35-1.1米(mi)(mi)。第(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，網紋化礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。在第(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之上的9至(zhi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都發(fa)現(xian)有(you)石(shi)器，尤其第(di)2、3、6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)最多。地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中沒有(you)發(fa)現(xian)哺乳(ru)動物化石(shi)。根據(ju)堆積(ji)物的巖性，將(jiang)2至(zhi)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分為上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，6至(zhi)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

調查(cha)和(he)試(shi)掘(jue)(jue)獲得(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)標本(ben)(ben)200多(duo)件，其中試(shi)掘(jue)(jue)時(shi)獲得(de)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)標本(ben)(ben)141件，有明顯(xian)的人類加工(gong)痕跡(ji)標本(ben)(ben)79件，包括毛胚和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片。肉眼(yan)可(ke)見的簡單加工(gong)和(he)使用痕跡(ji)的標本(ben)(ben)3件。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)的巖(yan)性(xing)大(da)多(duo)數為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)巖(yan)，其次是砂(sha)巖(yan)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)，只有少量的硅質巖(yan)。經過(guo)初步觀察，各層(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)的形制(zhi)和(he)制(zhi)造工(gong)藝變化(hua)不(bu)大(da)，依據地層(ceng)分早、晚(wan)兩期(qi)(qi)。早期(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)類型有石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)、砍伐器(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)狀器(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)狀——砍器(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍斫(zhuo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘(chui)、刮削(xue)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等。晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)類型有石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)、砍伐器(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍斫(zhuo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、刮削(xue)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)狀器(qi)(qi)(qi)，沒發現(xian)尖(jian)狀——砍器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘(chui)。向陽(yang)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點(dian)下層(ceng)，即第(di)(di)6層(ceng)和(he)第(di)(di)9層(ceng)堆積(ji)屬(shu)于中更新世“網(wang)紋紅土”，所出(chu)文化(hua)遺物(wu)為(wei)(wei)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代早期(qi)(qi)。上層(ceng)即第(di)(di)2層(ceng)至5層(ceng)堆積(ji)屬(shu)于晚(wan)更新世的“下蜀黃土”，所出(chu)文化(hua)遺物(wu)為(wei)(wei)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代中晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)。

歷史意義

陳山(shan)遺址(zhi)是地(di)處水陽江中游十余處同類舊(jiu)石器地(di)點的(de)(de)中心，遺址(zhi)面積大，延續時代(dai)長。它完整連續的(de)(de)地(di)層(ceng)剖(pou)面，已成為多(duo)學科綜合(he)研(yan)究(jiu)華(hua)南更新世(shi)環境變遷與早期人類生活(huo)背景所關注的(de)(de)焦(jiao)點。

水陽(yang)(yang)江(jiang)的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點群，共有(you)10多個舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點，它們代表了(le)長江(jiang)下(xia)游的(de)(de)一種新的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)時代文化(hua)，而向陽(yang)(yang)舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點面(mian)積(ji)大，文化(hua)層堆積(ji)厚，遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)豐(feng)富，可(ke)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)長江(jiang)下(xia)游一處標準舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點。經(jing)研(yan)究(jiu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，向陽(yang)(yang)舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點的(de)(de)先民，可(ke)能過著半定(ding)居(ju)的(de)(de)生活，并(bing)已學會了(le)用(yong)火，過著采集為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、捕(bu)獵為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)生活。這些出(chu)土的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)是他們的(de)(de)原始生產工具，有(you)的(de)(de)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)使用(yong)痕跡。向陽(yang)(yang)陳(chen)山舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)地點的(de)(de)發(fa)現和試(shi)掘，有(you)助于增加對這種新的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)文化(hua)的(de)(de)認識，所(suo)獲(huo)的(de)(de)文化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)進一步研(yan)究(jiu)古人類的(de)(de)發(fa)展和生產、生活提供了(le)可(ke)貴的(de)(de)實物(wu)資料。