安徽揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)(hu)區,是中國較(jiao)大(da)的揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)保護(hu)(hu)基地(di)(di),以揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)及其棲息地(di)(di)為(wei)主要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象。這(zhe)里既是一(yi)(yi)片保護(hu)(hu)區和科(ke)研基地(di)(di),也(ye)(ye)是一(yi)(yi)處(chu)風(feng)景優美的旅游觀光(guang)勝地(di)(di),以自然風(feng)光(guang)為(wei)基調,以揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)為(wei)龍頭景點,集多種珍稀動物為(wei)觀賞主體,對(dui)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)保護(hu)(hu)和繁殖也(ye)(ye)起到了非常重要(yao)的作用。
保(bao)護區(qu)由朱村片(pian)(pian)(pian)、高井廟片(pian)(pian)(pian)、楊林片(pian)(pian)(pian)、紅(hong)星(xing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、夏(xia)渡片(pian)(pian)(pian)、雙坑片(pian)(pian)(pian)、中橋(qiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、長樂(le)(le)片(pian)(pian)(pian)8個片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)構成,以(yi)中國鱷魚湖為主要游覽地點(dian),開辟了(le)熊池、猴(hou)島、鹿(lu)園、竹樓、跑馬場、垂釣區(qu)、鱷魚表演(yan)、兒童樂(le)(le)園等20多個景點(dian)。
滬渝(yu)高速公路(lu)從(cong)宣城西/南(nan)陵/涇縣/宣城市開發區出口離開,沿寶城路(lu)→水陽江南(nan)大道(dao)→X011即(ji)可。
安(an)徽揚子鱷國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區地理坐標為:東經(jing)118°30′-119°35′,北緯30°18′-31°18′。
保護區濕(shi)(shi)地(di)地(di)處長江(jiang)下游(you)丘陵平(ping)原水網(wang)區,為皖南(nan)山(shan)區向長江(jiang)沿岸平(ping)原的過渡地(di)帶,海拔20~200米,包括河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、湖(hu)泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)等濕(shi)(shi)地(di)類型(xing),主要由青戈江(jiang)、水陽江(jiang)、漳河、南(nan)漪湖(hu)等水體(ti)及(ji)周邊(bian)沼澤灘(tan)地(di)組成。
保護區(qu)屬北亞(ya)熱(re)帶濕(shi)潤和暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶半溫(wen)(wen)潤季風氣(qi)候,年均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.9℃,年均(jun)降水量約1294毫米,年均(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)度28%,年均(jun)無霜(shuang)期229天。
保護區內(nei)南(nan)漪湖(hu)(hu)為宣城市內(nei)的天然(ran)湖(hu)(hu)泊,分為東(dong)西二(er)湖(hu)(hu),湖(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積約為100平(ping)方千米(mi),水(shui)(shui)位為8.5米(mi)時,總蓄水(shui)(shui)量為3.5億立方米(mi),入湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)流發(fa)源于南(nan)面(mian)(mian)山區,出水(shui)(shui)經水(shui)(shui)陽江向北流入長江。
保護區(qu)土壤類型以紅(hong)土壤、水稻土、黃棕壤等為主。
1979年1月,經安(an)徽省政(zheng)府批準(zhun)在原宣城縣南郊(jiao)創(chuang)建(jian)“安(an)徽省揚子鱷養(yang)殖(zhi)場”。
1982年6月,安徽省政府批(pi)準成立(li)安徽省揚子鱷(e)自(zi)然保護區。
1986年,保護(hu)區(qu)升級為國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu),更(geng)名(ming)為“安徽揚(yang)子鱷(e)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)”。
保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區內有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7種(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong),真菌116種(zhong)。有(you)(you)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)776種(zhong),其中(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)28種(zhong)、裸(luo)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)、被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)736種(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)2種(zhong),包括水杉(shan)、銀杏;國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)5種(zhong),包括香樟等(deng)。作為(wei)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)洞穴隱蔽及營巢(chao)用的植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)44種(zhong)。有(you)(you)野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)340種(zhong),其中(zhong)魚類(lei)有(you)(you)54種(zhong),兩棲(qi)類(lei)有(you)(you)24種(zhong),爬行類(lei)有(you)(you)50種(zhong),鳥類(lei)有(you)(you)176種(zhong),獸類(lei)有(you)(you)36種(zhong)。此外,還有(you)(you)昆蟲(chong)類(lei)470種(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)4種(zhong),包括揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)、云豹、黑麂和梅花鹿;國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)26種(zhong),包括虎紋蛙、鴛(yuan)鴦、白鷴、勺雞(ji)、穿(chuan)山甲、小(xiao)靈貓等(deng)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區為(wei)野生(sheng)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)主要分布(bu)區之一(yi),有(you)(you)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)分布(bu)的池塘(tang)面積約(yue)0.41平方千米,分布(bu)有(you)(you)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)約(yue)150條。
保護(hu)區內植被以(yi)亞(ya)熱帶常綠闊(kuo)葉林為主,其(qi)中丘陵地區植被以(yi)灌(guan)草(cao)叢為主。人工營(ying)造(zao)經濟(ji)林主要有馬尾(wei)松、國外松、杉木、茶樹(shu)及毛竹、油桐等樹(shu)種。