安徽揚(yang)子鱷(e)國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu),是中國(guo)較大的揚(yang)子鱷(e)保(bao)護(hu)基(ji)地,以揚(yang)子鱷(e)及其棲息地為(wei)主要保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)(dui)象。這里(li)既是一(yi)片保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)和(he)科研基(ji)地,也是一(yi)處風(feng)景優美的旅游觀(guan)光勝地,以自然(ran)風(feng)光為(wei)基(ji)調,以揚(yang)子鱷(e)為(wei)龍頭(tou)景點,集多種(zhong)珍稀動物為(wei)觀(guan)賞主體,對(dui)(dui)揚(yang)子鱷(e)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)繁殖也起到了非常重要的作用。
保護區由朱村片(pian)(pian)(pian)、高井廟片(pian)(pian)(pian)、楊林片(pian)(pian)(pian)、紅星片(pian)(pian)(pian)、夏(xia)渡片(pian)(pian)(pian)、雙坑(keng)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、中橋(qiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、長樂(le)片(pian)(pian)(pian)8個(ge)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區構(gou)成,以(yi)中國鱷(e)(e)魚(yu)湖為主要游覽地點,開辟了熊池、猴(hou)島、鹿(lu)園、竹樓、跑馬場、垂(chui)釣區、鱷(e)(e)魚(yu)表演(yan)、兒童樂(le)園等20多個(ge)景點。
滬(hu)渝高速公(gong)路從(cong)宣城(cheng)西(xi)/南陵/涇縣/宣城(cheng)市開發區出口離開,沿寶城(cheng)路→水陽江南大(da)道→X011即可(ke)。
安(an)徽揚子(zi)鱷(e)國家級自然保(bao)護區地理坐標(biao)為:東(dong)經118°30′-119°35′,北緯(wei)30°18′-31°18′。
保護(hu)區濕(shi)地(di)地(di)處長(chang)江(jiang)下(xia)游丘(qiu)陵平(ping)原水網區,為皖南山區向長(chang)江(jiang)沿岸平(ping)原的過(guo)渡(du)地(di)帶,海(hai)拔20~200米,包括河流濕(shi)地(di)、湖泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)等(deng)濕(shi)地(di)類型,主要由青戈江(jiang)、水陽江(jiang)、漳(zhang)河、南漪湖等(deng)水體及周邊沼澤(ze)灘地(di)組成。
保(bao)護區屬北亞(ya)熱帶濕(shi)潤和(he)暖溫(wen)帶半(ban)溫(wen)潤季風氣(qi)候,年均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)15.9℃,年均(jun)(jun)降水量約1294毫(hao)米,年均(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度28%,年均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)229天(tian)。
保護(hu)區內南(nan)漪湖(hu)為宣城市內的天然(ran)湖(hu)泊,分(fen)為東西(xi)二湖(hu),湖(hu)面(mian)面(mian)積約為100平方(fang)千(qian)米,水位為8.5米時,總蓄水量為3.5億立方(fang)米,入湖(hu)水流發源于南(nan)面(mian)山區,出(chu)水經(jing)水陽(yang)江向北流入長江。
保護(hu)區土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型以紅土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、水稻(dao)土(tu)、黃棕壤(rang)(rang)等為主。
1979年1月(yue),經(jing)安徽省政府批準在原(yuan)宣城縣南郊創建(jian)“安徽省揚子鱷養殖(zhi)場”。
1982年6月(yue),安(an)徽省政府批(pi)準成(cheng)立安(an)徽省揚子鱷自然保護區。
1986年,保護區(qu)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)為(wei)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保護區(qu),更名為(wei)“安徽(hui)揚子鱷(e)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保護區(qu)”。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國家(jia)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong),國家(jia)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong),真菌(jun)116種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)776種(zhong)(zhong),其中蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)28種(zhong)(zhong)、裸子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)、被子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)736種(zhong)(zhong)。國家(jia)一級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括水(shui)杉、銀杏;國家(jia)二(er)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括香樟等。作為揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)洞穴隱(yin)蔽及營巢用的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)44種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)340種(zhong)(zhong),其中魚類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)54種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲(qi)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)24種(zhong)(zhong),爬行類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)50種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)176種(zhong)(zhong),獸類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)36種(zhong)(zhong)。此外(wai),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)昆蟲類(lei)470種(zhong)(zhong)。國家(jia)一級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)4種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)、云豹、黑(hei)麂和梅花鹿;國家(jia)二(er)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)26種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括虎紋(wen)蛙、鴛鴦、白鷴、勺雞、穿(chuan)山甲(jia)、小靈貓等。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區為野生(sheng)揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)主要分布(bu)(bu)區之一,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)分布(bu)(bu)的池(chi)塘面積約0.41平方千米,分布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)約150條。
保護區內植(zhi)被(bei)以亞(ya)熱帶常綠闊葉林為(wei)主,其中(zhong)丘陵地區植(zhi)被(bei)以灌草叢為(wei)主。人工營造(zao)經濟林主要(yao)有馬尾松、國外松、杉木、茶(cha)樹及毛(mao)竹(zhu)、油桐等(deng)樹種(zhong)。