地理位置
程端忠(zhong)墓坐(zuo)落于安徽省六安市金寨縣長嶺鄉撞畈村程端忠(zhong)墓園。
文物遺存
闊大的程端(duan)忠(zhong)(zhong)墓(mu)坐西南朝東北,三面(mian)(mian)環(huan)山,一(yi)面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)水(shui),四周用塊(kuai)石圍砌,占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)積約2畝。墓(mu)高(gao)2.5米,長5米,條石結構。墳(fen)前(qian)后各立大理石墓(mu)碑(bei)一(yi)塊(kuai),前(qian)碑(bei)高(gao)1.65米,寬0.75米,碑(bei)文:“皇(huang)清同(tong)治(zhi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)歲(sui)次(ci)丁卯仲冬月重(zhong)立,宋(song)伊川之子六(liu)安知軍諱(hui)端(duan)忠(zhong)(zhong)謚忠(zhong)(zhong)烈程公(gong)之墓(mu)”,并署有“皇(huang)清同(tong)治(zhi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1867年(nian)(nian))歲(sui)次(ci)丁卯六(liu)英霍合族重(zhong)建(jian)”字樣(yang)。
碑(bei)前置噸許石(shi)(shi)(shi)制香(xiang)爐(lu)一尊,豎八方石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)2根(拴馬柱(zhu)),石(shi)(shi)(shi)人、石(shi)(shi)(shi)馬、石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)各二。墓(mu)(mu)右(you)即是(shi)左圣寺。墓(mu)(mu)前20米立一高大忠(zhong)(zhong)烈牌坊,坊前10米開外(wai)有半畝圓塘(tang),是(shi)為(wei)飲馬池。建(jian)炎(yan)四年,為(wei)紀念端忠(zhong)(zhong),當地居(ju)民和(he)朝廷(ting)在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)房(fang)還建(jian)忠(zhong)(zhong)烈祠(ci)(ci)(ci),祠(ci)(ci)(ci)內有副高宗手(shou)書的(de)對(dui)聯:“三川一門兩夫子,六安千古幾(ji)知軍”。歷經數百年風(feng)雨,左圣寺和(he)忠(zhong)(zhong)烈祠(ci)(ci)(ci)幾(ji)度被毀占,特別是(shi)在(zai)“文(wen)革”期間,墓(mu)(mu)地毀壞嚴重(zhong),地面建(jian)筑幾(ji)乎無(wu)存,但墓(mu)(mu)旁的(de)古松古柏依然(ran)蒼翠,永(yong)遠陪伴(ban)這位不(bu)朽(xiu)的(de)民族英雄,不(bu)懼強寇,為(wei)國盡忠(zhong)(zhong),慷慨赴(fu)死,以身殉國的(de)愛國主義精(jing)神也將長存于民眾心中。
現(xian)在的程端忠(zhong)(zhong)墓園(yuan)現(xian)存忠(zhong)(zhong)烈祠和左(zuo)圣寺,經重修(xiu)后整齊(qi)肅穆,墓園(yuan)緊(jin)連(lian)祠寺,邊籬是用(yong)水(shui)泥磚石(shi)做成(cheng)的花瓣形(xing)圍墻,園(yuan)內左(zuo)后側有(you)約60厘(li)米高老碑(bei)一方緊(jin)靠墳冢(zhong),之前有(you)兩米高重修(xiu)碑(bei)及墳冢(zhong),兩邊有(you)兩根約1.2米高的石(shi)栓馬柱。
文物保護
為紀念這位(wei)不朽的民族英(ying)雄,從2000年開始,在當(dang)地(di)政府(fu)的關心下,由程(cheng)氏后裔和(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)村民共同努力,先后投資幾(ji)十萬元,對程(cheng)端(duan)忠(zhong)墓進行修復(fu)和(he)(he)重建(jian),使程(cheng)端(duan)忠(zhong)墓及其附屬建(jian)筑(zhu)基本(ben)重現昔日風采。
2007年(nian),金寨縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府將程端(duan)(duan)忠(zhong)墓列為縣(xian)(xian)級文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位。2013年(nian),程端(duan)(duan)忠(zhong)墓被國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局列為第七批全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位, 此舉對(dui)程端(duan)(duan)忠(zhong)墓的(de)(de)保(bao)護、開(kai)發與利(li)用,將具有(you)積極(ji)意(yi)義(yi)。加強(qiang)文(wen)物(wu)的(de)(de)科學保(bao)護和合理利(li)用,對(dui)文(wen)化旅游的(de)(de)發展(zhan)具有(you)重要的(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。此處也已成為對(dui)后人(ren)進行愛國(guo)主義(yi)教育和旅游觀光的(de)(de)一處絕佳之地,可謂“蓮花山腳天葬下,端(duan)(duan)公(gong)忠(zhong)烈傳千(qian)古”。
2013年(nian)世(shi)程(cheng)聯(lian)(南京)工(gong)作(zuo)座談會議紀要中報(bao)道了(le)保護(hu)程(cheng)端忠(zhong)墓(國家級文物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei))共投(tou)資(zi)(zi)了(le)1千萬(wan),由(you)先政負責(ze)牽頭出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi),道興(xing)會長(chang)負責(ze)700萬(wan)(包括前期投(tou)入200萬(wan))、先政出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)100萬(wan)、副(fu)會長(chang)會杰出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)100萬(wan)、學民(min)副(fu)會長(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)100萬(wan)。
歷史
程(cheng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)忠,謚號忠烈,宋代理學(xue)宗師(shi)程(cheng)頤之長子,哲(zhe)宗時進(jin)士。程(cheng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)忠為南宋抗金(jin)名將,公元(yuan)1129年(nian),與(yu)宋高宗率兵(bing)于(yu)長嶺(ling)布陣,激戰(zhan)(zhan)數日,大敗(bai)金(jin)兵(bing)。高宗要愈戰(zhan)(zhan)愈勇的程(cheng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)中將來犯之敵(di)逐出境外,卻(que)因(yin)援兵(bing)未至,被困敵(di)圍,情形萬分危急。為護主救駕(jia),程(cheng)端(duan)(duan)(duan)忠夫婦與(yu)皇(huang)(huang)帝、皇(huang)(huang)后互(hu)換龍鳳(feng)袍,引開金(jin)兵(bing),高宗安(an)然(ran)脫身,而(er)端(duan)(duan)(duan)中卻(que)不(bu)幸戰(zhan)(zhan)死陣中,首級掛城三天,為南宋的建(jian)立,立下了汗馬(ma)功勞。有史記(ji)載:“端(duan)(duan)(duan)中血(xue)戰(zhan)(zhan)失其首而(er)不(bu)伏(fu)地,金(jin)兵(bing)駭(hai)服。朝廷念其功節顯著,賜金(jin)頭合軀而(er)厚葬。”
據傳,安葬(zang)(zang)之日(ri)出棺(guan)13口,路過勝利村蓮花(hua)組一棺(guan),天氣(qi)突然烏云密布,雷霆大作,暴(bao)雨傾盆,致蓮花(hua)山(shan)山(shan)體滑坡,將棺(guan)木連同送葬(zang)(zang)隊(dui)伍一同埋(mai)葬(zang)(zang),該(gai)地因而(er)得名“葬(zang)(zang)下”。