興城古城是明代的寧遠衛城,在清代改為寧遠州城。城池始建于明宣德三年(1428),“周(zhou)圍五里九(jiu)十(shi)六步(bu),高(gao)三丈(zhang),門(men)四(si),東曰(yue)(yue)(yue)春和,南曰(yue)(yue)(yue)延輝,西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)永(yong)寧,北曰(yue)(yue)(yue)威遠(yuan)(yuan),鐘(zhong)鼓樓在中(zhong)街(jie)”。宣德(de)五年(nian)(1430)又(you)增筑(zhu)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng),外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)圍九(jiu)里一百(bai)二十(shi)四(si)步(bu),高(gao)如內城(cheng)(cheng)。門(men)四(si),東曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遠(yuan)(yuan)安,南曰(yue)(yue)(yue)永(yong)清,西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)迎恩,北曰(yue)(yue)(yue)大定。四(si)門(men)設樓,四(si)角設臺,城(cheng)(cheng)郭之間為(wei)護城(cheng)(cheng)河。明(ming)朝末年(nian)袁(yuan)崇煥鎮守寧遠(yuan)(yuan),為(wei)抵御后金(jin)努爾哈赤(chi)的軍(jun)事(shi)進(jin)攻,用兩年(nian)時間修(xiu)繕寧遠(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)墻“高(gao)三丈(zhang)二尺(chi),雉高(gao)六尺(chi),址(zhi)廣三丈(zhang),上二丈(zhang)四(si)”。明(ming)朝末年(nian),這里成(cheng)為(wei)抗擊(ji)女(nv)真族的前沿陣地(di)。興城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)現僅存寧遠(yuan)(yuan)內城(cheng)(cheng),經多次修(xiu)繕,基本保持(chi)原貌。
古城平面呈正方形,南北844米,東西830米。城墻高8.5米,城基砌條石3層,基寬6.8米,頂寬4.5米。墻體為外條磚內毛石,外設垛口,內設女墻,中填夯土。墻頂設海墁磚(zhuan) 1層(ceng)水(shui)口。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四(si)角設(she)炮臺(tai),東南(nan)(nan)角炮臺(tai)上(shang)為(wei)清代增建的(de)魁星樓(lou)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)正方形,周長3274米(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四(si)面正中(zhong)各設(she)城(cheng)門,城(cheng)門上(shang)皆筑箭(jian)樓(lou),為(wei)兩層(ceng)樓(lou)閣(ge)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四(si)角設(she)臺(tai),突出(chu)于城(cheng)角。在城(cheng)區東南(nan)(nan)角上(shang)建有(you)魁星樓(lou)一座。興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)現(xian)為(wei)全(quan)國重點(dian)文物保(bao)(bao)護單位(wei)。興(xing)城(cheng)——中(zhong)國東北地(di)區的(de)沿海(hai)文化古(gu)城(cheng),它(ta)扼居(ju)遼西走廊的(de)咽喉地(di)帶,交通發達,歷來是(shi)兵家必爭之地(di)。興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)較好。1984年以來國家撥款對(dui)古(gu)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)進行全(quan)面維修,并建立了文物保(bao)(bao)管(guan)所。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設 4門(men)。東(dong)曰春和,西(xi)曰永寧,南曰延輝,北(bei)曰威遠。門(men)座通長(chang)12.17米,寬13米。4門(men)均建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓,重檐歇山頂(ding),面闊三間(jian),進深一間(jian)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)外有半圓(yuan)形甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),外徑(jing)32米,內、外均以條磚筑成,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)內左側設馬(ma)道,長(chang)21米,寬 3.1米。
城內十字街中心有鐘鼓樓 1座,方形樓臺,十字券洞。樓為 2層,重檐歇山卷棚頂。南街有明思宗朱由檢為遼西守將祖大壽、祖大樂立的兩座高大石牌坊。城內東南有清建文廟 1座。城內街坊布局,基本上仍保持著清末的體制。興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)保存較好。1984年以來國(guo)家撥款對古(gu)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)進行(xing)全面維修,并(bing)建立了文(wen)物保管所。
興城歷史悠久,遼代設置興城縣,距今已有1000多年(nian)的(de)歷史。明朝為了(le)鞏固對(dui)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)統治,防御蒙古(gu)部落和女(nv)真人的(de)侵擾,在山海(hai)關外“只設衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo),不設州(zhou)縣”,先后(hou)設立了(le)二十五個衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),實行軍政合一式管理,寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)就是其中(zhong)之一。 明宣(xuan)德(de)三年(nian),即公元1428年(nian),鎮(zhen)守(shou)遼東(dong)(dong)總兵官(guan)巫(wu)凱、都 御史包懷德(de)及鎮(zhen)守(shou)遼東(dong)(dong)太監王(wang)彥聯名奏(zou)請朝廷修筑(zhu)(zhu)寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城,兩年(nian)后(hou)工程竣工,當時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城。寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)駐軍5600人,守(shou)城士兵戰時(shi)(shi)出征,平時(shi)(shi)屯田勞作,家屬也(ye)隨軍士從全國(guo)(guo)各地前來定(ding)居,后(hou)代逐漸(jian)繁衍。衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)長(chang)官(guan)稱(cheng)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)揮使(shi),既是一衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)軍事長(chang)官(guan),又(you)負責審理所(suo)轄地區(qu)(qu)的(de)民(min)事案件,一般為三品官(guan)。這種特(te)殊的(de)軍政體(ti)(ti)制給寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城增(zeng)加了(le)神秘色彩。清朝建立后(hou)撤(che)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建州(zhou),寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城也(ye)改(gai)稱(cheng)寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)城,寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)管轄山海(hai)關以(yi)東(dong)(dong)至錦州(zhou)以(yi)西(xi)的(de)廣闊區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)成立后(hou),1914年(nian)因寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與湖南、山西(xi)、云南等省(sheng)的(de)寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)重名,經(jing)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)民(min)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院內務部呈請大總統袁世凱批準,恢復使(shi)用遼代的(de)興城縣縣名,寧遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城也(ye)就隨之稱(cheng)為興城古(gu)城。興城城墻就是興城古(gu)城的(de)主體(ti)(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)。
興城城墻歷經570多年的風風雨雨仍巍然屹立,是當今中華大地上為數不多的明清古城墻建筑(zhu),是明代軍事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)標本,它與平遙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻、西安城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻、荊州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻并稱為(wei)中國保存最完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)四座(zuo)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,也是中國現存惟一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)正方(fang)形城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,受到聯合(he)國及(ji)歐盟文化遺(yi) 產保護(hu)專家(jia)和為(wei)數眾多的(de)(de)(de)中外(wai)游(you)客的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)睞和關(guan)注。學者(zhe)們認為(wei),研究中國古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻必不(bu)(bu)可(ke)少。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻整(zheng)體為(wei)正方(fang)形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻基礎用(yong)條石,外(wai)墻用(yong)青(qing)磚(zhuan)砌成,內墻用(yong)不(bu)(bu)規則塊石壘砌,中間(jian)用(yong)夯(hang)土所筑(zhu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻頂端(duan)外(wai)沿筑(zhu)有垛口,守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官兵可(ke)以以此護(hu)身、了望、射箭;內沿筑(zhu)有女(nv)兒墻,高度低于(yu)垛口,起著加(jia)固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。用(yong)于(yu)人(ren)員行走的(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)面稱為(wei)“海墁”,“海墁”系青(qing)磚(zhuan)鋪(pu)就,中凸(tu)外(wai)低,便于(yu)排水和減輕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻夯(hang)土的(de)(de)(de)承重壓(ya)力。1644年三月,李(li)自成率領的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民軍兵逼北京(jing),崇禎皇(huang)帝匆忙下令寧(ning)遠總兵吳(wu)三桂放棄寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),入關(guan)勤王,這樣,清軍才(cai)占領寧(ning)遠。
1948年9月28日(ri),東北野戰軍(jun)(jun)第四(si)縱(zong)隊一部在縱(zong)隊副司令員(yuan)胡奇(qi)才的率領下,解放了(le)興城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)。當時,解放軍(jun)(jun)指(zhi)戰員(yuan)從城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)突破進(jin)入(ru)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei),但為了(le)保護文(wen)物古(gu)(gu)跡(ji),他(ta)們盡量(liang)避(bi)免開炮射擊(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)。三十多年后,古(gu)(gu)稀之年的胡奇(qi)才將軍(jun)(jun)重回古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),欣然揮(hui)筆寫(xie)下了(le):“古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)回到(dao)人民手中(zhong)”。至今,這幅題(ti)字仍在古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓上懸掛。
隨(sui)著(zhu)興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)知名度的(de)提升,旅游(you)(you)開(kai)發事(shi)業得(de)到蓬勃發展,中外(wai)游(you)(you)客紛(fen)至沓來,文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作也取得(de)了(le)(le)顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)展。在人(ren)民(min)政府的(de)重視下,由(you)于戰亂而(er)有(you)所毀壞的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)部(bu)分地段(duan)的(de)垛口、女(nv)兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和海墁得(de)到修(xiu)(xiu)復,魁星樓也重現(xian)了(le)(le)往日風采,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)使興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)煥(huan)發了(le)(le)新的(de)生機,1988年(nian)1月(yue)13日,興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被國務院公布為(wei)(wei)全國重點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位;對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行綜合研究和文(wen)化整(zheng)理也隨(sui)之同步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行,已經有(you)多(duo)部(bu)有(you)關興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)書籍出版或研究論(lun)文(wen)發表;天津大(da)學、上海同濟大(da)學等高校(xiao)的(de)知名學者為(wei)(wei)興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)精心編制(zhi)了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)規劃;先后有(you)《三進(jin)(jin)(jin)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》、《平原游(you)(you)擊(ji)隊》、《濟南戰役》、《袁崇(chong)煥(huan)》、《遠東陰謀》、《甲午(wu)陸戰》等影視劇在興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)拍攝(she)外(wai)景;2001年(nian),興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)開(kai)發工(gong)程啟動,興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被規劃為(wei)(wei)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)思古”游(you)(you)覽(lan)區,游(you)(you)人(ren)們登臨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),不(bu)僅可以驚(jing)嘆(tan)中國古代(dai)建筑藝(yi)術的(de)精湛,還能穿越歷史的(de)時空,回味著(zhu)明(ming)末(mo)那一幕幕蕩氣回腸的(de)戰爭場面。
城墻四面的正中各設城門,東為春和門、南為延輝門、西為永寧門、北為威遠門。城門(men)上修筑了箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),俗稱城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)和城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),為(wei)兩層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣建筑,重(zhong)檐高聳、氣勢(shi)巍(wei)峨。城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)旁邊分別有(you)坡(po)形(xing)馬道,供人(ren)員(yuan)上下(xia)城(cheng)(cheng)墻,城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)外均(jun)有(you)半圓(yuan)形(xing)甕城(cheng)(cheng),與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻連為(wei)一體。 興城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻東(dong)南角上建有(you)魁星樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一座,其他三個拐角處(chu)都設有(you)角臺,明(ming)清征(zheng)戰時期,在角臺上架設火(huo)炮(pao),平時角臺上也有(you)士兵(bing)駐扎(zha),以加強(qiang)對城(cheng)(cheng)墻的防(fang)御(yu)。距離魁星樓(lou)(lou)(lou)不遠處(chu)的城(cheng)(cheng)墻底端,有(you)水門(men)洞一個,為(wei)明(ming)代所修,至今保存完(wan)好(hao),是古(gu)代的排水設施。
古城(cheng)內(nei)的(de)四(si)條大街(jie)(jie),是(shi)古城(cheng)的(de)主干道,他(ta)們因(yin)循四(si)座城(cheng)門而(er)得(de)名,分(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)春和街(jie)(jie)、延輝(hui)街(jie)(jie)、永寧街(jie)(jie)和威遠(yuan)街(jie)(jie),城(cheng)中百姓(xing)根據(ju)方位分(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)東街(jie)(jie)、南(nan)街(jie)(jie)、西街(jie)(jie)和北街(jie)(jie)。街(jie)(jie)道兩旁分(fen)布著許多老字(zi)(zi)號店(dian)鋪,其中以南(nan)街(jie)(jie)最(zui)為(wei)集中,因(yin)此(ci)有"明代一(yi)條街(jie)(jie)"的(de)美譽。四(si)條大街(jie)(jie)呈十(shi)字(zi)(zi)形(xing)規則(ze)分(fen)布,因(yin)此(ci)又統稱(cheng)為(wei)十(shi)字(zi)(zi)大街(jie)(jie),十(shi)字(zi)(zi)大街(jie)(jie)的(de)交叉點坐落(luo)著一(yi)座鐘鼓樓。
鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)與城(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)四座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)門箭樓(lou)遙相呼應,鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)為二(er)層樓(lou)閣建筑,登臨樓(lou)頂,城(cheng)(cheng)墻和古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)景(jing)觀盡收眼底。鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)是古(gu)代城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)報時中心(xin),晨鐘(zhong)暮鼓(gu)。在明(ming)與后金軍(jun)隊征戰期(qi)間,鎮守寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)明(ming)軍(jun)主(zhu)帥(shuai)袁崇煥就(jiu)坐鎮鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)指揮作戰。
與世界上現存的其他城墻相比,興城城墻有許多引人關注的獨特性。在明代修建城墻時,主要(yao)考慮(lv)到軍事防御的(de)需要(yao),因此設置了角臺等(deng)軍事設施,在這方面特(te)別值得(de)稱道的(de)是(shi)半圓(yuan)形(xing)的(de)甕城和便于人(ren)馬通行的(de)坡形(xing)馬道。
甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)筑于四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)側,呈半圓形,與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)同時興建(jian)(jian)。甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門之外(wai),既(ji)體現出(chu)(chu)一(yi)種建(jian)(jian)筑美學,又可以(yi)(yi)保護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門在戰(zhan)斗中不(bu)被敵人輕易接近與(yu)破(po)壞。在實戰(zhan)中即便敵軍(jun)攻破(po)了甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門,在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)守軍(jun)仍能以(yi)(yi)極(ji)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度組織調度,居高臨下從(cong)四面(mian)向(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下發動還擊(ji),而敵軍(jun)一(yi)旦身(shen)陷半圓形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之內(nei),人馬很(hen)難(nan)脫身(shen),成(cheng)語“甕(weng)(weng)中捉(zhuo)鱉”可以(yi)(yi)說是(shi)對甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)能最(zui)生動地描述。明(ming)朝末年努爾哈(ha)赤(chi)和(he)皇太極(ji)所率領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)隊攻打寧遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時,就是(shi)在甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)遭到猛(meng)烈攻擊(ji)而損失慘重。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型體現出(chu)(chu)明(ming)代(dai)(dai)北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑風格(ge),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚木結(jie)構(gou)是(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑特點。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)在拱形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門洞(dong)之上(shang)(shang),與(yu)鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一(yi)樣是(shi)二層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣建(jian)(jian)筑,面(mian)闊8.9米,進深4.5米,內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梯登樓(lou)(lou)(lou),建(jian)(jian)筑形式為重檐歇山頂,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂端為青色(se)筒(tong)瓦和(he)板(ban)瓦覆蓋,正脊兩端有(you)(you)(you)吻獸(shou)(shou)裝(zhuang)飾(shi),戧脊上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)獸(shou)(shou)和(he)檐角(jiao)前(qian)部裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑(pao)獸(shou)(shou)神(shen)態(tai)栩栩如生。按照明(ming)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)規制(zhi),不(bu)同級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑(pao)獸(shou)(shou)數目是(shi)不(bu)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),寧遠(yuan)衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)檐角(jiao)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑(pao)獸(shou)(shou)有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)馬、海馬和(he)獅子三(san)種,其中,天(tian)馬、海馬是(shi)吉祥(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化身(shen),獅子則代(dai)(dai)表勇猛(meng)和(he)威嚴,它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寓意與(yu)這座軍(jun)事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色(se)可謂不(bu)謀而合。
興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壁也(ye)很有特色。為(wei)(wei)了使城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)堅固(gu),形成強(qiang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐力,避免內心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夯土松動(dong),城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)在建(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)初就(jiu)用不規(gui)則城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砌筑(zhu)內壁,然后將(jiang)壁面(mian)鑿(zao)平(ping),所(suo)以稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“毛石(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)”;由于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料大(da)多(duo)是就(jiu)地(di)(di)取材,遠望去顏(yan)色近(jin)似虎皮(pi)(pi),所(suo)以又被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“虎皮(pi)(pi)毛石(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)”。 興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是中國(guo)古代城(cheng)市規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典范。從(cong)建(jian)筑(zhu)科學(xue)上講,興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選址得體,恰(qia)好處在山水(shui)圍(wei)河的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)原(yuan)地(di)(di)帶,十(shi)分(fen)有利于(yu)形成良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境和(he)局部小氣(qi)候。背山可(ke)以抵擋冬天北來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寒流,抱陽可(ke)以得到良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日照,近(jin)水(shui)可(ke)以保障生活及灌(guan)溉供水(shui),還(huan)可(ke)以防止(zhi)風沙(sha)侵(qin)襲,對城(cheng)內居民十(shi)分(fen)有利。 中國(guo)古代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)哲學(xue)思想在興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃和(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)中,體現(xian)得淋漓盡致:興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)建(jian)成正方形,是取傳統(tong)宇(yu)宙(zhou)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天圓地(di)(di)方”,予以大(da)地(di)(di)沉穩、永無銷毀之(zhi)意;興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周長及城(cheng)門數(shu)、街路數(shu)均為(wei)(wei)偶數(shu),體現(xian)了古代哲學(xue)中數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思辨(bian)。