簡介
廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)位于(yu)遼(liao)寧省遼(liao)西(xi)(xi)走廊(lang)錦州(zhou)市古(gu)(gu)塔區(qu)(qu)(qu)老城(cheng)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)2900平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。該寺(si)(si)(si)(si)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)隋(sui)大(da)業七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(611年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),初名普濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si),遼(liao)清(qing)(qing)寧年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1055-1064年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷(li)經明(ming)清(qing)(qing)兩(liang)代(dai)(dai)多次(ci)維修,現存大(da)部為(wei)明(ming)清(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)以廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)主(zhu)體,包(bao)括(kuo)廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔、天(tian)后(hou)宮、昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)遼(liao)清(qing)(qing)寧三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1057年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),體量大(da),工(gong)藝(yi)精美(mei)(mei),具遼(liao)代(dai)(dai)風格。天(tian)后(hou)宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)雍正三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),磚(zhuan)、石(shi)、木雕刻(ke)(ke)精美(mei)(mei),是北(bei)方(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)最(zui)大(da)的天(tian)后(hou)宮。昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)光(guang)緒(xu)二十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),為(wei)紀(ji)念(nian)甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong)犧牲將士而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)全國僅見(jian)。主(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)還有(you)(you)廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)王殿、大(da)殿、北(bei)庭、配殿等(deng)(deng)。它們(men)從(cong)各方(fang)(fang)面(mian)反映了(le)當地(di)(di)歷(li)史文化面(mian)貌(mao),具有(you)(you)豐富內(nei)(nei)涵和(he)較(jiao)高研究價值(zhi)。 廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單(dan)位。它由(you)廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)及(ji)塔、天(tian)后(hou)宮、昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)和(he)觀音(yin)閣(ge)組成(cheng),占地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)8140平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),共有(you)(you)房屋68間(jian),古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)2599平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)布局為(wei)塔寺(si)(si)(si)(si)合一,保存完(wan)好,國內(nei)(nei)少見(jian)。以塔為(wei)軸線,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)天(tian)王殿、關帝(di)殿、大(da)雄寶殿。廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)西(xi)(xi)側為(wei)天(tian)后(hou)宮,是我(wo)國北(bei)方(fang)(fang)最(zui)大(da)的媽祖廟,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)雍正三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)格局集我(wo)國南北(bei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之大(da)成(cheng),內(nei)(nei)外雕刻(ke)(ke)極(ji)其(qi)精美(mei)(mei),可謂是鬼斧神工(gong),精美(mei)(mei)絕倫。廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)東側建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)及(ji)碑(bei)亭,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)光(guang)緒(xu)二十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。碑(bei)亭內(nei)(nei)存有(you)(you)國內(nei)(nei)唯一一處(chu)記(ji)錄(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)陸(lu)戰(zhan)的紀(ji)事碑(bei)。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)舉辦有(you)(you)《甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)忠(zhong)魂》、《媽祖文化》、《遼(liao)西(xi)(xi)抗日(ri)義(yi)勇(yong)軍之歌》、《遼(liao)西(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)民間(jian)工(gong)藝(yi)品》、《宗教藝(yi)術(shu)》等(deng)(deng)展覽。 錦州(zhou)市博物(wu)館(guan)名勝風景區(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)立(li)于(yu)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)綜合性博物(wu)館(guan)。館(guan)藏文物(wu)萬(wan)余件,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)商代(dai)(dai)連(lian)珠紋青(qing)銅戈和(he)青(qing)銅鈴俎(zu)為(wei)國內(nei)(nei)孤(gu)品,現已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)鎮館(guan)之寶。
廣濟寺古建筑群保護
濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)是(shi)遼寧(ning)省遼西(xi)地區最(zui)古(gu)(gu)(gu)老、完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun),位于(yu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)塔(ta)區老城北(bei)(bei)街,占地1 公頃,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積約2900 平方(fang)米。該寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)肇建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)隋大(da)業辛未七年(nian)(611 年(nian))初名“普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)”,遼清(qing)(qing)寧(ning)年(nian)間(jian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷經(jing)明清(qing)(qing)多次維修(xiu),現存大(da)部分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明清(qing)(qing)所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。該建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)是(shi)以廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體,包括廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)、天后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)和昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)遼清(qing)(qing)寧(ning)三(san)(san)年(nian),天后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)雍正三(san)(san)年(nian),昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)光(guang)(guang)緒二十四年(nian)。主(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)包括廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中路的(de)(de)(de)(de)天王殿、大(da)殿以及兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)庭、配(pei)殿等。廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)體量碩大(da),工(gong)藝精美(mei),具(ju)有(you)遼代風格。廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)雖經(jing)歷代重(zhong)修(xiu),但(dan)基本為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原來規模,雄偉莊(zhuang)重(zhong)。天后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)地區最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de),磚、石、木雕(diao)刻尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精美(mei)。昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)是(shi)光(guang)(guang)緒為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甲午(wu)(wu)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中犧牲的(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)士所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全國(guo)僅見。這些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)多方(fang)面(mian)地反映了當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史、科(ke)學和文(wen)(wen)化面(mian)貌(mao),具(ju)有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵和較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史研究價值(zhi)。 2002年(nian)1月31日(ri)錦(jin)(jin)州(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)遼代的(de)(de)(de)(de)錦(jin)(jin)州(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)日(ri)前正式(shi)入選第五批國(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位。據新華社(she)報道(dao),廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)位于(yu)錦(jin)(jin)州(zhou)市博物館(guan)內,由國(guo)內著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)剎(cha)——廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)及廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)、北(bei)(bei)方(fang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)媽祖廟——錦(jin)(jin)州(zhou)天后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)、全國(guo)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紀念中日(ri)甲午(wu)(wu)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)我陸戰(zhan)將(jiang)士的(de)(de)(de)(de)祠(ci)堂——昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)、紀事碑亭等組成。
“九五”以來主要保護內容
廣濟寺(si)古建筑群維修及天后(hou)宮(gong)彩繪保護及規劃。
現存主要問題
油飾嚴重(zhong)脫落(luo)。 散水(shui)缺失(shi),椽頭糟朽(xiu),望板30%糟朽(xiu),椽子(zi)毀壞(huai)25%,瓦壟脫節,柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)油飾龜裂、局部脫落(luo)。 前(qian)檐壓面(mian)(mian)石嚴重(zhong)風(feng)化。 南面(mian)(mian)臺(tai)階風(feng)化、碎(sui)裂嚴重(zhong),壓面(mian)(mian)石嚴重(zhong)風(feng)化錯(cuo)位(wei),表(biao)面(mian)(mian)脫落(luo)一層;天花板彩繪脫落(luo),多處(chu)粉(fen)碎(sui)。 前(qian)檐壓面(mian)(mian)石全部酥堿。 欄板望柱(zhu)(zhu)全部遺(yi)失(shi);兩山墻向內(nei)凸(tu),內(nei)墻面(mian)(mian)凸(tu)凹不(bu)平;西次間(jian)后坡(po)下金檁、檐檁劈裂長(chang);屋面(mian)(mian)長(chang)草、漏(lou)雨(yu),脫節,35%屋面(mian)(mian)毀壞(huai)。
壓面石(shi)嚴(yan)重風化(hua)、表面脫落,欄桿風化(hua),散水(shui)(shui)遺(yi)失(shi)。 拜殿臺(tai)基松動、高低(di)不平(ping)、地伏石(shi)全部(bu)毀(hui)壞。 前(qian)檐踏垛石(shi)、壓面石(shi)風化(hua),后檐臺(tai)明壓面石(shi)遺(yi)失(shi),散水(shui)(shui)無(wu)(wu)存, 室(shi)內墁(man)地方磚(zhuan)凸凹(ao)不平(ping)。 由于長(chang)年沒有大(da)門(men)對(dui)觀(guan)音殿的保護(hu)十分(fen)不利(li),現利(li)用中(zhong)殿做為大(da)門(men)對(dui)外開放。中(zhong)殿散水(shui)(shui)遺(yi)失(shi),臺(tai)明完(wan)整,壓面石(shi)松動錯位,大(da)部(bu)分(fen)風化(hua)嚴(yan)重。東西配(pei)殿散水(shui)(shui)遺(yi)失(shi),后檐臺(tai)明遺(yi)失(shi),東配(pei)殿前(qian)檐壓面石(shi)毀(hui)壞2 塊。 正殿后檐臺(tai)明壓面石(shi)遺(yi)失(shi),散水(shui)(shui)無(wu)(wu)存。
由于年久(jiu)失修,排水不暢,整體上缺乏有(you)效的保護措施,造成天后(hou)宮(gong)基(ji)礎下沉,院(yuan)內其他建筑均(jun)有(you)不同(tong)程度的基(ji)礎沉降。現院(yuan)內地面低(di)于外(wai)部地表。
“十一五”期間主要保護內容
廣(guang)濟(ji)寺拜殿、關帝殿維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、天(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮一進院東西配(pei)殿維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、天(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮大殿維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、天(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮大殿維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、廣(guang)濟(ji)寺圍墻、排水及其(qi)他(ta)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、觀(guan)音殿維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)。