簡介
廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)位于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省遼(liao)(liao)西走廊錦州(zhou)(zhou)市古(gu)塔(ta)區(qu)老城。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積2900平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。該(gai)寺(si)(si)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)隋(sui)大(da)(da)業(ye)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(611年(nian)(nian)(nian)),初名普濟(ji)寺(si)(si),遼(liao)(liao)清(qing)寧(ning)(ning)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(1055-1064年(nian)(nian)(nian))重建(jian)(jian)(jian),歷經明清(qing)兩代多(duo)次維修,現(xian)存(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)部(bu)為(wei)明清(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)以廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)為(wei)主體,包括廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)塔(ta)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)、昭(zhao)忠祠。寺(si)(si)塔(ta)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)(liao)清(qing)寧(ning)(ning)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1057年(nian)(nian)(nian)),體量(liang)大(da)(da),工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)精(jing)(jing)美,具遼(liao)(liao)代風格。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正(zheng)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)),磚、石、木雕刻精(jing)(jing)美,是(shi)(shi)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地區(qu)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)。昭(zhao)忠祠建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒(xu)二十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)),為(wei)紀念(nian)甲(jia)午(wu)戰爭中(zhong)犧牲將士而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)全國(guo)僅見。主要建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)還有(you)廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、北(bei)庭(ting)、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)等。它(ta)們從各方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)反映了當地歷史(shi)文(wen)化面(mian)(mian)貌,具有(you)豐富內(nei)涵和較高研究價值(zhi)。 廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)為(wei)全國(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位。它(ta)由(you)廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)及塔(ta)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)、昭(zhao)忠祠和觀音閣(ge)組成(cheng),占地面(mian)(mian)積8140平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),共有(you)房屋(wu)68間(jian)(jian),古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積2599平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)布局為(wei)塔(ta)寺(si)(si)合一(yi),保存(cun)(cun)完(wan)好,國(guo)內(nei)少見。以塔(ta)為(wei)軸線,建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)、關帝殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)。廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)西側(ce)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong),是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)媽祖廟,建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正(zheng)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1725年(nian)(nian)(nian))。其(qi)(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)格局集我(wo)國(guo)南北(bei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)之大(da)(da)成(cheng),內(nei)外雕刻極其(qi)(qi)精(jing)(jing)美,可謂(wei)是(shi)(shi)鬼(gui)斧神工(gong),精(jing)(jing)美絕倫。廣濟(ji)寺(si)(si)東側(ce)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)昭(zhao)忠祠及碑亭,建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒(xu)二十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian))。碑亭內(nei)存(cun)(cun)有(you)國(guo)內(nei)唯一(yi)一(yi)處記錄中(zhong)日甲(jia)午(wu)陸戰的(de)紀事碑。古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)中(zhong)舉(ju)辦有(you)《甲(jia)午(wu)忠魂》、《媽祖文(wen)化》、《遼(liao)(liao)西抗日義(yi)勇軍之歌》、《遼(liao)(liao)西地區(qu)民間(jian)(jian)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品》、《宗教藝(yi)(yi)術》等展(zhan)覽。 錦州(zhou)(zhou)市博物(wu)館(guan)(guan)名勝風景(jing)區(qu)成(cheng)立于(yu)(yu)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian),是(shi)(shi)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)綜合性博物(wu)館(guan)(guan)。館(guan)(guan)藏文(wen)物(wu)萬(wan)余件,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)商(shang)代連珠紋青(qing)銅戈和青(qing)銅鈴(ling)俎為(wei)國(guo)內(nei)孤品,現(xian)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)鎮館(guan)(guan)之寶。
廣濟寺古建筑群保護
濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)是(shi)遼(liao)(liao)寧省遼(liao)(liao)西地(di)區(qu)最(zui)古(gu)(gu)老(lao)、完整的(de)(de)(de)塔寺(si)(si)(si)合一的(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,位(wei)于古(gu)(gu)塔區(qu)老(lao)城(cheng)北(bei)街(jie),占地(di)1 公頃,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積約(yue)2900 平方(fang)米。該寺(si)(si)(si)肇建(jian)(jian)(jian)于隋大業辛未七年(nian)(611 年(nian))初(chu)名(ming)“普濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)”,遼(liao)(liao)清寧年(nian)間重建(jian)(jian)(jian),歷經明清多(duo)次(ci)維修(xiu),現存大部分為(wei)明清所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。該建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群是(shi)以廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)主體,包括廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)塔、天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)宮和(he)昭忠(zhong)(zhong)祠(ci)。寺(si)(si)(si)塔建(jian)(jian)(jian)于遼(liao)(liao)清寧三年(nian),天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)于清雍正(zheng)三年(nian),昭忠(zhong)(zhong)祠(ci)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于清光(guang)緒二十(shi)四年(nian)。主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包括廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)中路的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)、大殿(dian)(dian)以及兩側的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)庭、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)等。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)塔體量碩大,工(gong)藝精(jing)美(mei)(mei),具有(you)遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)風格。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)雖經歷代(dai)重修(xiu),但基(ji)本為(wei)原來規模,雄偉莊重。天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)宮為(wei)北(bei)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de),磚、石、木(mu)雕刻尤為(wei)精(jing)美(mei)(mei)。昭忠(zhong)(zhong)祠(ci)是(shi)光(guang)緒為(wei)甲午戰爭中犧牲的(de)(de)(de)將士(shi)所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)僅(jin)見(jian)。這些(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)方(fang)面(mian)地(di)反映了當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)歷史、科學和(he)文(wen)(wen)化面(mian)貌,具有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)內涵和(he)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)歷史研究價值。 2002年(nian)1月31日錦州廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)錦州廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群日前正(zheng)式入(ru)選第五(wu)批國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)。據(ju)新華社報道,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群位(wei)于錦州市博(bo)物館(guan)內,由(you)國(guo)(guo)內著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)塔寺(si)(si)(si)合一的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)剎——廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)及廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)塔、北(bei)方(fang)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)媽祖廟(miao)——錦州天(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)宮、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)唯一的(de)(de)(de)紀念中日甲午戰爭我陸戰將士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)祠(ci)堂——昭忠(zhong)(zhong)祠(ci)、紀事(shi)碑亭等組成(cheng)(cheng)。
“九五”以來主要保護內容
廣濟寺古建筑群維修及天(tian)后宮(gong)彩繪(hui)保護及規劃。
現存主要問題
油飾嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)脫(tuo)落(luo)。 散水缺(que)失(shi),椽頭糟朽(xiu)(xiu),望板(ban)30%糟朽(xiu)(xiu),椽子毀壞25%,瓦(wa)壟(long)脫(tuo)節(jie),柱(zhu)子表面油飾龜(gui)裂、局部(bu)脫(tuo)落(luo)。 前(qian)檐壓面石嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)風化。 南面臺(tai)階風化、碎裂嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong),壓面石嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)風化錯(cuo)位,表面脫(tuo)落(luo)一層;天(tian)花板(ban)彩(cai)繪脫(tuo)落(luo),多(duo)處粉碎。 前(qian)檐壓面石全(quan)部(bu)酥堿。 欄板(ban)望柱(zhu)全(quan)部(bu)遺失(shi);兩山墻(qiang)向內凸,內墻(qiang)面凸凹不平;西(xi)次間后坡下(xia)金檁、檐檁劈裂長;屋面長草、漏雨,脫(tuo)節(jie),35%屋面毀壞。
壓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)嚴重風(feng)化(hua)、表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)脫落(luo),欄桿風(feng)化(hua),散(san)水(shui)遺失(shi)。 拜殿(dian)臺(tai)基松動、高低不平、地(di)伏石(shi)(shi)全部毀壞(huai)。 前檐踏垛石(shi)(shi)、壓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)風(feng)化(hua),后檐臺(tai)明壓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)遺失(shi),散(san)水(shui)無存, 室內墁地(di)方磚凸凹不平。 由于長年(nian)沒有(you)大門對觀音(yin)殿(dian)的保(bao)護十分(fen)不利,現利用中殿(dian)做(zuo)為大門對外開放(fang)。中殿(dian)散(san)水(shui)遺失(shi),臺(tai)明完整(zheng),壓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)松動錯位,大部分(fen)風(feng)化(hua)嚴重。東西配殿(dian)散(san)水(shui)遺失(shi),后檐臺(tai)明遺失(shi),東配殿(dian)前檐壓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)毀壞(huai)2 塊。 正殿(dian)后檐臺(tai)明壓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)遺失(shi),散(san)水(shui)無存。
由于年久失(shi)修,排水不(bu)暢,整體上缺乏有效(xiao)的(de)(de)保護措施,造(zao)成天后宮基礎下沉(chen),院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)其他建筑(zhu)均有不(bu)同程度的(de)(de)基礎沉(chen)降。現(xian)院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)地面低(di)于外部地表(biao)。
“十一五”期間主要保護內容
廣濟寺(si)拜殿、關帝殿維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、天后宮(gong)一進院東西配(pei)殿維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、天后宮(gong)大殿維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、天后宮(gong)大殿維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、廣濟寺(si)圍墻(qiang)、排水(shui)及其他維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、觀音殿維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。