燕(yan)州(zhou)城原稱(cheng)白巖(yan)城,是東晉元興二年(nian)(公元403年(nian))所建。唐代改稱(cheng)巖(yan)州(zhou)城,也稱(cheng)燕(yan)州(zhou)城。
燕州城(cheng)(cheng)周長(chang)2500米(mi),依山而建,地勢險要。南面為陡崖峭壁,崖下(xia)太子河水(shui)依壁而過(guo)。西、北、東三面筑有石城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)制高(gao)點(dian)上建有指揮(hui)臺,四(si)周筑有長(chang)45米(mi)、寬35米(mi)的內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)。站在(zai)指揮(hui)臺上,全城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)外的景致盡收眼(yan)底。
該(gai)城(cheng)隨山就勢(shi)(shi)而(er)建,東高西低,東、西、北(bei)三面用(yong)(yong)大石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)砌成(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),南側臨(lin)河,全城(cheng)周長(chang)2500米。北(bei)部(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)坡勢(shi)(shi)較緩(huan),為(wei)(wei)利于防守(shou),此段不但(dan)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高聳,而(er)且還修有突(tu)出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)的馬(ma)面建筑。城(cheng)內制高點建一(yi)方形(xing)指揮臺,俗稱(cheng)點將臺,高約8米,周圍(wei)有墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),稱(cheng)內城(cheng)。站在臺上,城(cheng)內外(wai)(wai)景物盡收眼底。該(gai)山城(cheng)筑成(cheng)材料為(wei)(wei)就地取材,多用(yong)(yong)青色“楔形(xing)石(shi)(shi)”砌筑,石(shi)(shi)材皆經走斧(fu),砌工精細,大頭(tou)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai),尖端向(xiang)里,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)心(xin)內部(bu)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)條橫壓。
2013年(nian)5月(yue),被(bei)國(guo)務院核定(ding)公布為(wei)第七批全國(guo)重點文物保(bao)護單位。