一、地理位置
馮(feng)家堡子積石(shi)墓群位于華來鎮馮(feng)家堡子村(cun)周圍的(de)(de)(de)農田中。馮(feng)家堡子村(cun)四(si)周被群山所環繞(rao),西河與南河在村(cun)子西北部交匯,村(cun)莊(zhuang)就坐落于河流的(de)(de)(de)東岸,此(ci)處河流是渾江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)一條支流 — 六道河的(de)(de)(de)上游。馮(feng)家堡子村(cun)東距桓仁縣城約25公(gong)(gong)里(li),北距華來鎮村(cun)約3.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)。
馮家堡子積(ji)石墓群總(zong)體上(shang)分(fen)(fen)布較零散,我(wo)們(men)將分(fen)(fen)布相(xiang)對集中的(de)墓葬(zang)分(fen)(fen)為三區(qu)(qu)(qu),在每(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內進行了(le)有選擇(ze)性的(de)發掘(jue),其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ區(qu)(qu)(qu)現存墓葬(zang)修(xiu)建在古(gu)河床(chuang)上(shang)。Ⅰ區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于村東南田地中,現存墓葬(zang)10座(zuo),對M2、M7和M8進行了(le)發掘(jue);Ⅱ區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于村西稻(dao)田地中,現存墓葬(zang)15座(zuo),對M1、M3~6、M9~13進行了(le)發掘(jue);Ⅲ區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于村西北約1500米的(de)山坡地上(shang),現存墓葬(zang)數量不清,僅發掘(jue)了(le)M14。三區(qu)(qu)(qu)之外,還有10余座(zuo)零星散布的(de)墓葬(zang)。
二、墓葬概況
馮家堡子墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)平地(di)起(qi)建,利用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊、石(shi)(shi)(shi)板、礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)等構(gou)筑成(cheng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)),在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙(kuang)(kuang)(kuang))的(de)(de)周圍(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)上面用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板及(ji)碎石(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)蓋構(gou)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)冢。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之間距離不一(yi),無疊壓打破(po)關系。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye)無明顯的(de)(de)排列規(gui)律,可(ke)確定的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向差異較大(da)(附(fu)表)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)外(wai)部(bu)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)無壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)類(lei)。有壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)就是在積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)圍(wei)用(yong)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊壘砌一(yi)周石(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),石(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與內部(bu)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)共同組(zu)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)壇(tan)(tan),石(shi)(shi)(shi)壇(tan)(tan)平面多(duo)呈(cheng)方(fang)形或長方(fang)形,一(yi)般(ban)保存(cun)較好。而無壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)就是在積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)圍(wei)不見石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊壘砌的(de)(de)邊界墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)堆(dui)積(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)呈(cheng)中部(bu)高、四周低的(de)(de)圓(yuan)堆(dui)狀(zhuang),整體保存(cun)較差,現存(cun)平面多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)橢圓(yuan)形或近(jin)圓(yuan)形,平面尺寸相(xiang)差較大(da)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)內部(bu)結構(gou)有墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)兩(liang)種,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)形制較規(gui)整,四壁(bi)用(yong)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板立砌,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)底鋪墊石(shi)(shi)(shi)板或礫石(shi)(shi)(shi),有墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道和(he)(he)(he)(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men);墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)形制則不規(gui)整,是在積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上修出(chu)一(yi)個石(shi)(shi)(shi)坑,對坑底和(he)(he)(he)(he)坑壁(bi)的(de)(de)礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)進行簡單壘砌,形成(cheng)一(yi)個簡陋的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),無墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道和(he)(he)(he)(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)中未(wei)見木(mu)質葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)具,人骨多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原地(di)火(huo)化,保存(cun)較差,少(shao)(shao)數(shu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)還保存(cun)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)人骨,可(ke)分(fen)辨頭(tou)向,但(dan)已無法提取。隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品多(duo)出(chu)自墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙(kuang)(kuang)(kuang))內,少(shao)(shao)數(shu)發現于積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)中。所(suo)發掘的(de)(de)14座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)中僅8座(zuo)出(chu)土有隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)遺(yi)物,以陶器為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,其次為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器和(he)(he)(he)(he)鐵(tie)器。