芒果视频下载

一、地理位置

馮家(jia)(jia)堡(bao)(bao)子(zi)積石墓(mu)群位于華(hua)來(lai)(lai)鎮馮家(jia)(jia)堡(bao)(bao)子(zi)村周圍的農(nong)田中。馮家(jia)(jia)堡(bao)(bao)子(zi)村四周被(bei)群山所環繞，西河與南河在(zai)村子(zi)西北(bei)部交(jiao)匯(hui)，村莊就坐落于河流的東(dong)岸，此處河流是渾江的一條支流 — 六道河的上游。馮家(jia)(jia)堡(bao)(bao)子(zi)村東(dong)距桓仁縣城約25公里，北(bei)距華(hua)來(lai)(lai)鎮村約3.5公里。

馮家堡子積石墓(mu)群總體(ti)上分(fen)(fen)(fen)布較零散，我們將分(fen)(fen)(fen)布相對集中(zhong)的墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為三區，在每區內進(jin)行了(le)有選擇(ze)性的發(fa)(fa)掘，其中(zhong)Ⅰ、Ⅱ區現(xian)(xian)存墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)修建在古河(he)床上。Ⅰ區位(wei)于(yu)(yu)村(cun)東南田(tian)地中(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)存墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)10座(zuo)(zuo)，對M2、M7和M8進(jin)行了(le)發(fa)(fa)掘；Ⅱ區位(wei)于(yu)(yu)村(cun)西稻田(tian)地中(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)存墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)15座(zuo)(zuo)，對M1、M3～6、M9～13進(jin)行了(le)發(fa)(fa)掘；Ⅲ區位(wei)于(yu)(yu)村(cun)西北約1500米的山坡地上，現(xian)(xian)存墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)數量不(bu)清，僅(jin)發(fa)(fa)掘了(le)M14。三區之外(wai)，還有10余(yu)座(zuo)(zuo)零星散布的墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。

二、墓葬概況

馮(feng)家堡(bao)子墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)均為(wei)平(ping)地起建(jian)，利用石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)、礫(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等構(gou)(gou)筑成(cheng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室（墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙），在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室（墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙）的周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)和(he)上面用石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)及碎石(shi)(shi)(shi)封蓋構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)冢(zhong)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)之間距離不(bu)一，無(wu)疊壓(ya)打破關系。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)也無(wu)明顯的排列規律(lv)，可(ke)(ke)確定的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向差(cha)異較(jiao)(jiao)大（附表）。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)外部(bu)(bu)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)有(you)(you)壇積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)無(wu)壇積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)類。有(you)(you)壇積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)就是在(zai)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)外圍(wei)用大石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)壘砌(qi)一周(zhou)(zhou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墻，石(shi)(shi)(shi)墻與內(nei)部(bu)(bu)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)共同組(zu)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)壇，石(shi)(shi)(shi)壇平(ping)面多(duo)呈方(fang)形(xing)或長方(fang)形(xing)，一般保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)好。而無(wu)壇積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)就是在(zai)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)外圍(wei)不(bu)見(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)壘砌(qi)的邊界墻，積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)堆(dui)積(ji)多(duo)呈中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)高、四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)低的圓(yuan)(yuan)堆(dui)狀，整(zheng)(zheng)體保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，現存(cun)平(ping)面多(duo)為(wei)近(jin)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或近(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)，平(ping)面尺寸相(xiang)差(cha)較(jiao)(jiao)大。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)結構(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室和(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙兩(liang)種，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室形(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)規整(zheng)(zheng)，四(si)壁用大石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)立砌(qi)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)底鋪墊石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)或礫(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道和(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門；墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙形(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)則不(bu)規整(zheng)(zheng)，是在(zai)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上修(xiu)出一個石(shi)(shi)(shi)坑，對坑底和(he)坑壁的礫(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)進行簡單壘砌(qi)，形(xing)成(cheng)一個簡陋的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙，無(wu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道和(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)未見(jian)木質葬(zang)具，人(ren)骨(gu)多(duo)為(wei)原(yuan)地火化，保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，少數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)還(huan)保(bao)存(cun)一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)人(ren)骨(gu)，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)辨頭向，但已無(wu)法提取(qu)。隨葬(zang)品(pin)多(duo)出自墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室（墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壙）內(nei)，少數發現于積(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)。所(suo)發掘的14座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)僅8座出土有(you)(you)隨葬(zang)遺物，以(yi)陶器為(wei)主，其次(ci)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器和(he)鐵(tie)器。