簡介
1905年(nian)(明治(zhi)38年(nian))10月(yue)(yue)18日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府任陸(lu)軍(jun)大將大島義昌(日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)語(yu):おおしま よしまさ)為關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)總督(du)(du)。10月(yue)(yue)31日(ri)(ri)(ri),滿(man)洲軍(jun)總司(si)令部(bu)設關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)總督(du)(du)府于遼陽(1906年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)遷至旅順(shun)),又恢復到侵華初(chu)期的軍(jun)管統(tong)治(zhi),以(yi)軍(jun)事暴力(li)維護其政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)統(tong)治(zhi)。原屬于滿(man)洲軍(jun)總兵站監部(bu)的關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)州民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)(shu)(shu)和原屬于滿(man)洲軍(jun)總司(si)令部(bu)遼東(dong)(dong)兵站監部(bu)的“關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)州”以(yi)外的各(ge)地民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)(shu)(shu),全部(bu)移交關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)總督(du)(du)府管轄(xia)(xia)。“關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)州”及(ji)東(dong)(dong)北長春以(yi)南鐵(tie)路附(fu)屬地所有日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)的軍(jun)事和民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)要務,悉歸其掌管,是日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)侵略者在中國東(dong)(dong)北的最高權(quan)力(li)機關(guan)(guan)(guan)。至1906年(nian)2月(yue)(yue),關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)總督(du)(du)府除統(tong)轄(xia)(xia)關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)州民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)(shu)(shu)外,尚統(tong)轄(xia)(xia)奉天、安東(dong)(dong)、營(ying)口等8處軍(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)(shu)(shu)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)東(dong)(dong)州民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)署(shu)(shu)(shu)下轄(xia)(xia)大連、金州、旅順(shun)3個民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支署(shu)(shu)(shu)。
沿革
日俄戰爭后,根據1905年9月雙方簽(qian)訂(ding)的(de)《樸(pu)次茅斯條約》,作為戰敗國的(de)俄國被迫(po)將(jiang)原來所占(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)的(de)我國旅順口(kou)、大連(lian)及附近水域及從長春(chun)到旅順口(kou)的(de)鐵(tie)路權益轉讓給日本(ben)。日本(ben)為了加(jia)強對新占(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)區的(de)殖民統治,于1905年10月設置(zhi)了關東(dong)總督府(fu),作為它侵吞東(dong)北,進而(er)滅亡全中(zhong)國的(de)一個據點。
關(guan)東總(zong)督(du)府成(cheng)立后,由(you)于實行殘(can)酷的殖(zhi)民統(tong)治激(ji)起東北人民的強烈(lie)反抗,英(ying)美等國(guo)為打(da)破日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)對南滿的“獨占”也借此責難日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)。在(zai)這種情(qing)況下,1906年(nian)9月1日(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)撤銷軍(jun)政,改用文官組(zu)織(zhi)名稱,將(jiang)關(guan)東總(zong)督(du)府改為關(guan)東都(dou)督(du)府(日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)語:かんとうととくふ),以陸(lu)軍(jun)將(jiang)官為都(dou)督(du),內(nei)設(she)陸(lu)軍(jun)、民政兩部,民政部統(tong)轄大連、金州、旅順3個民政署,都(dou)督(du)在(zai)軍(jun)事(shi)上(shang)要接(jie)受日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)國(guo)陸(lu)軍(jun)大臣和參謀總(zong)長的指(zhi)示。
日(ri)本(ben)殖民當局標榜這(zhe)是(shi)軍政時期(qi)的結束(shu)和民政時期(qi)的開始(shi)。其(qi)(qi)實(shi),這(zhe)只不過(guo)是(shi)日(ri)本(ben)為掩飾其(qi)(qi)在我國東北實(shi)行軍事(shi)獨裁(cai)的一種障眼(yan)術(shu)。日(ri)本(ben)的殖民統治逐漸擴展(zhan)到政治侵略(lve)、經濟(ji)侵略(lve)、文化侵略(lve)等各(ge)個領域。