輝河(he)(he)(he)發源于大興安嶺(ling)中部西(xi)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)的叢(cong)山密林中,由二十幾條小河(he)(he)(he)匯集(ji)于烏拉(la)吉呼,折(zhe)向西(xi)北(bei)(bei)緩緩流入呼倫貝爾草(cao)原,把大草(cao)原分為兩(liang)部分。其左(zuo)側(ce)被稱(cheng)為巴爾虎草(cao)原,右(you)側(ce)則是(shi)鄂溫克草(cao)原。輝河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)道開闊平(ping)坦,河(he)(he)(he)水彎(wan)彎(wan)曲(qu)曲(qu)流至寶(bao)力格東又(you)折(zhe)向東北(bei)(bei),匯入伊敏(min)河(he)(he)(he)。輝河(he)(he)(he)水壩距(ju)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)14公(gong)里(li),屬(shu)于鄂溫克族(zu)自治旗(qi)錫尼河(he)(he)(he)西(xi)蘇木(鄉)境(jing)內。北(bei)(bei)距(ju)海拉(la)爾市33公(gong)里(li)。
遺(yi)址(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)輝河(he)水壩(ba),海拔高度(du)約640米,分布范圍(wei)約30多萬平(ping)方米,地(di)貌部位(wei)明確,地(di)層(ceng)清楚,屬于(yu)原地(di)埋藏類型,遺(yi)物保存(cun)新鮮,無分選現象。遺(yi)址(zhi)文化層(ceng)為(wei)灰黑色細沙層(ceng),厚可達(da)1米,石(shi)(shi)料主(zhu)要采(cai)自遺(yi)址(zhi)以東10公里左右的(de)伊(yi)敏河(he)岸(an)的(de)砂礫石(shi)(shi)層(ceng)。1975年(nian),黑龍江(jiang)省文物普查工作隊曾對輝河(he)右岸(an)做過文物調(diao)查,先后發現細石(shi)(shi)器遺(yi)址(zhi)12處,其中有代表性的(de)即(ji)輝河(he)水壩(ba)北側河(he)岸(an)邊及臺地(di)上遺(yi)址(zhi)。
掘(jue)地點選(xuan)在輝河水壩北側(ce)320米(mi)處(chu),靠(kao)河崖(ya)開1×2米(mi)探方一(yi)個,共出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物314件(jian)。這里的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)單一(yi),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤。只(zhi)能(neng)依靠(kao)出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物大致區分為(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)。一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)18厘(li)米(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)地表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng),不(bu)見遺(yi)物。第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)18~30厘(li)米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑(hei)褐色細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha),含有炭粒和油跡。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)等27件(jian),骨(gu)片(pian)8件(jian),鐵(tie)片(pian)1件(jian)。第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)30~55厘(li)米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)與(yu)二層(ceng)(ceng)無明顯(xian)變化,仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑(hei)褐色細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物豐(feng)富,多達174件(jian)。其中細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)核及石(shi)(shi)(shi)葉共122件(jian),陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)23件(jian),碎骨(gu)器(qi)殘片(pian)28件(jian),鐵(tie)器(qi)殘片(pian)1件(jian)。第(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)55~90厘(li)米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)由黑(hei)褐色漸變為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)色,仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。發掘(jue)面(mian)積縮小為(wei)(wei)(wei)1×1米(mi),出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物因此減少到(dao)80件(jian)。其中細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)41件(jian),陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)13件(jian),骨(gu)貝殘片(pian)3件(jian)。從(cong)陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)的(de)紋(wen)飾(shi)、陶(tao)(tao)質(zhi)、工藝等分析,文化內(nei)涵明顯(xian)不(bu)同于第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng),但(dan)地層(ceng)(ceng)無明顯(xian)界線。第(di)五層(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)90~110厘(li)米(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)12件(jian),碎骨(gu)(魚貝類)殘片(pian)12塊。第(di)六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)110厘(li)米(mi)以下,為(wei)(wei)(wei)原生(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)純凈黃(huang)色細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha),不(bu)見遺(yi)物。
呼倫貝爾(er)市文物(wu)工作(zuo)者在(zai)多年的(de)試(shi)掘和文物(wu)普(pu)查中發(fa)現(xian)輝河(he)水壩遺址存有(you)(you)大量細石(shi)器和陶器片(pian)。此次挖掘共挖了(le)四個探方,總面(mian)積(ji)105平(ping)方米,共出(chu)土文物(wu)2000多件。有(you)(you)石(shi)葉、石(shi)片(pian)、陶片(pian)、石(shi)核等,還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)兩了(le)兩處灰堆(dui),從(cong)灰堆(dui)中出(chu)土了(le)大量的(de)動物(wu)骨骼。