輝河(he)(he)(he)發源于大興安嶺中部西北側的叢(cong)山密林(lin)中,由二(er)十(shi)幾條小河(he)(he)(he)匯集于烏拉吉呼(hu),折向(xiang)西北緩緩流入呼(hu)倫貝爾草原(yuan),把大草原(yuan)分為兩(liang)部分。其左側被稱為巴爾虎草原(yuan),右側則是(shi)鄂(e)溫克(ke)草原(yuan)。輝河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)道開闊(kuo)平(ping)坦,河(he)(he)(he)水彎(wan)(wan)彎(wan)(wan)曲曲流至寶(bao)力格(ge)東(dong)又(you)折向(xiang)東(dong)北,匯入伊敏河(he)(he)(he)。輝河(he)(he)(he)水壩距河(he)(he)(he)口14公里,屬于鄂(e)溫克(ke)族自治(zhi)旗錫(xi)尼河(he)(he)(he)西蘇(su)木(鄉)境內(nei)。北距海拉爾市33公里。
遺(yi)(yi)址位于(yu)輝河(he)水壩(ba),海拔(ba)高度約(yue)640米(mi),分布范圍約(yue)30多(duo)萬平(ping)方米(mi),地貌(mao)部位明確,地層(ceng)清楚(chu),屬于(yu)原地埋藏(zang)類型,遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)保(bao)存新鮮,無分選現象(xiang)。遺(yi)(yi)址文化層(ceng)為灰黑色(se)細(xi)沙層(ceng),厚可達(da)1米(mi),石料主要(yao)采自遺(yi)(yi)址以東(dong)10公里左右(you)的(de)伊敏河(he)岸的(de)砂(sha)礫石層(ceng)。1975年,黑龍江省(sheng)文物(wu)普查工作隊曾對輝河(he)右(you)岸做(zuo)過文物(wu)調查,先后發現細(xi)石器遺(yi)(yi)址12處(chu),其中有(you)代(dai)表性的(de)即輝河(he)水壩(ba)北側河(he)岸邊及臺地上遺(yi)(yi)址。
掘地(di)點選(xuan)在輝(hui)河(he)水壩北側320米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處,靠(kao)河(he)崖開1×2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)探方一(yi)個,共出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)314件(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)里的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)單一(yi),均為(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤。只能(neng)依(yi)靠(kao)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)大(da)致(zhi)區分(fen)為(wei)(wei)六(liu)層(ceng)。一(yi)層(ceng),深18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)地(di)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng),不(bu)見遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)。第(di)二(er)層(ceng),深18~30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)黑褐(he)色(se)細(xi)(xi)沙(sha),含有(you)炭粒和油跡。出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)器、石(shi)(shi)片(pian)等27件(jian)(jian),骨(gu)片(pian)8件(jian)(jian),鐵片(pian)1件(jian)(jian)。第(di)三層(ceng),深30~55厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)與二(er)層(ceng)無(wu)明(ming)顯變化(hua),仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)黑褐(he)色(se)細(xi)(xi)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)豐(feng)富,多達174件(jian)(jian)。其(qi)中(zhong)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)器、石(shi)(shi)片(pian)、石(shi)(shi)核及石(shi)(shi)葉共122件(jian)(jian),陶(tao)片(pian)23件(jian)(jian),碎(sui)骨(gu)器殘(can)片(pian)28件(jian)(jian),鐵器殘(can)片(pian)1件(jian)(jian)。第(di)四層(ceng),深55~90厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)由黑褐(he)色(se)漸(jian)變為(wei)(wei)黃色(se),仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。發(fa)掘面積縮小為(wei)(wei)1×1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)因此減少到80件(jian)(jian)。其(qi)中(zhong)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)器41件(jian)(jian),陶(tao)片(pian)13件(jian)(jian),骨(gu)貝殘(can)片(pian)3件(jian)(jian)。從(cong)陶(tao)片(pian)的紋(wen)飾、陶(tao)質(zhi)、工藝等分(fen)析,文(wen)化(hua)內涵明(ming)顯不(bu)同于第(di)三層(ceng),但(dan)地(di)層(ceng)無(wu)明(ming)顯界線。第(di)五層(ceng),深90~110厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)黃沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)器12件(jian)(jian),碎(sui)骨(gu)(魚貝類)殘(can)片(pian)12塊。第(di)六(liu)層(ceng),深110厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以下,為(wei)(wei)原生(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)純凈(jing)黃色(se)細(xi)(xi)沙(sha),不(bu)見遺(yi)物(wu)(wu)。
呼倫貝爾(er)市文物工作者在多(duo)年的試(shi)掘(jue)和文物普查中發現輝(hui)河水壩遺址(zhi)存有(you)大(da)量(liang)細石器和陶(tao)器片。此(ci)次挖掘(jue)共(gong)挖了(le)四(si)個探方,總(zong)面積105平(ping)方米,共(gong)出土文物2000多(duo)件。有(you)石葉、石片、陶(tao)片、石核(he)等(deng),還發現了(le)兩了(le)兩處(chu)灰堆,從灰堆中出土了(le)大(da)量(liang)的動物骨骼。