輝(hui)河(he)發源于大興安嶺中部(bu)西北側(ce)(ce)的(de)叢山密林中,由二十幾條小河(he)匯(hui)集于烏拉(la)吉呼(hu),折向(xiang)西北緩(huan)緩(huan)流(liu)入(ru)呼(hu)倫貝爾(er)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan),把大草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)分為兩(liang)部(bu)分。其左側(ce)(ce)被稱為巴爾(er)虎草(cao)(cao)原(yuan),右側(ce)(ce)則是鄂溫克草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)。輝(hui)河(he)河(he)道開(kai)闊平坦,河(he)水彎彎曲(qu)(qu)曲(qu)(qu)流(liu)至(zhi)寶力(li)格東又折向(xiang)東北,匯(hui)入(ru)伊敏河(he)。輝(hui)河(he)水壩距(ju)河(he)口14公里,屬于鄂溫克族自治旗(qi)錫尼河(he)西蘇(su)木(鄉)境內。北距(ju)海(hai)拉(la)爾(er)市33公里。
遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)位于輝河(he)水壩(ba),海(hai)拔高度(du)約(yue)640米(mi),分布范圍(wei)約(yue)30多萬(wan)平方米(mi),地(di)貌(mao)部位明確,地(di)層清楚(chu),屬于原地(di)埋(mai)藏類型,遺(yi)(yi)物保(bao)存新鮮(xian),無(wu)分選現象。遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)文化層為灰黑色細沙層,厚可達1米(mi),石料(liao)主要(yao)采自遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)以(yi)東10公里左右的伊(yi)敏(min)河(he)岸(an)的砂礫石層。1975年,黑龍江省文物普(pu)查(cha)(cha)工(gong)作隊曾對輝河(he)右岸(an)做過文物調查(cha)(cha),先(xian)后發現細石器(qi)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)12處,其中有(you)代表(biao)性的即輝河(he)水壩(ba)北側河(he)岸(an)邊及臺地(di)上遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。
掘(jue)地(di)點選在輝河水壩北側320米(mi)處,靠河崖開(kai)1×2米(mi)探方一個,共出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)314件(jian)(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)里的土(tu)(tu)質單一,均為(wei)細(xi)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)壤。只能依靠出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)大致(zhi)區分(fen)為(wei)六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深18厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),為(wei)地(di)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),不(bu)(bu)見遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)。第(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深18~30厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),土(tu)(tu)質為(wei)黑褐(he)色細(xi)沙(sha),含有炭粒(li)和油跡。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)、石(shi)(shi)片(pian)等27件(jian)(jian)(jian),骨(gu)(gu)片(pian)8件(jian)(jian)(jian),鐵片(pian)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)。第(di)(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深30~55厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),土(tu)(tu)質與二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)無明(ming)顯變(bian)(bian)化(hua),仍(reng)為(wei)黑褐(he)色細(xi)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)豐富,多達(da)174件(jian)(jian)(jian)。其中(zhong)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)、石(shi)(shi)片(pian)、石(shi)(shi)核及石(shi)(shi)葉共122件(jian)(jian)(jian),陶(tao)片(pian)23件(jian)(jian)(jian),碎骨(gu)(gu)器(qi)殘片(pian)28件(jian)(jian)(jian),鐵器(qi)殘片(pian)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)。第(di)(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深55~90厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),土(tu)(tu)質由黑褐(he)色漸變(bian)(bian)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)色,仍(reng)為(wei)細(xi)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)。發掘(jue)面積(ji)縮小為(wei)1×1米(mi),出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)因此減少到80件(jian)(jian)(jian)。其中(zhong)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)41件(jian)(jian)(jian),陶(tao)片(pian)13件(jian)(jian)(jian),骨(gu)(gu)貝(bei)殘片(pian)3件(jian)(jian)(jian)。從陶(tao)片(pian)的紋飾、陶(tao)質、工藝(yi)等分(fen)析,文(wen)化(hua)內涵明(ming)顯不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)第(di)(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),但地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)無明(ming)顯界(jie)線。第(di)(di)五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深90~110厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu),出(chu)土(tu)(tu)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)12件(jian)(jian)(jian),碎骨(gu)(gu)(魚(yu)貝(bei)類(lei))殘片(pian)12塊。第(di)(di)六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深110厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)以下,為(wei)原生土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),土(tu)(tu)質為(wei)純凈黃(huang)(huang)色細(xi)沙(sha),不(bu)(bu)見遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)。
呼(hu)倫貝爾市文(wen)物工作(zuo)者在多(duo)年(nian)的試掘(jue)(jue)和(he)文(wen)物普查中發現(xian)輝河水壩遺址存有(you)大量細石(shi)器(qi)和(he)陶(tao)器(qi)片(pian)。此次(ci)挖(wa)掘(jue)(jue)共(gong)(gong)挖(wa)了四(si)個探方,總面積105平方米,共(gong)(gong)出土文(wen)物2000多(duo)件(jian)。有(you)石(shi)葉、石(shi)片(pian)、陶(tao)片(pian)、石(shi)核等,還(huan)發現(xian)了兩了兩處灰(hui)堆,從灰(hui)堆中出土了大量的動物骨(gu)骼。