原僧府(fu)(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)(fu)門在(zai)炒(chao)豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong),全府(fu)(fu)(fu)占了幾(ji)乎炒(chao)豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)條街,規(gui)模相當可觀,現在(zai)公布的只是原府(fu)(fu)(fu)的一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分。據《京(jing)師坊巷(xiang)志稿》中“炒(chao)豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)”條記:“博多(duo)勒噶(ga)臺(tai)親(qin)府(fu)(fu)(fu),在(zai)安定門內炒(chao)豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)。案科爾沁郡(jun)王(wang)索特那木多(duo)布齊尚(shang)仁宗三女壯敬(jing)公主,追封親(qin)王(wang)銜。其子(zi)博多(duo)勒噶(ga)臺(tai)親(qin)王(wang)僧格(ge)林沁,咸豐時以(yi)剿賊功,食雙親(qin)王(wang)俸,謚(shi)曰忠,配享太廟。今王(wang)伯彥訥謨祜嗣府(fu)(fu)(fu)為忠王(wang)所建(jian),非公主賜(si)第。”則府(fu)(fu)(fu)規(gui)模應成于(yu)僧格(ge)林沁之手,也非一(yi)(yi)次建(jian)成。
僧格林沁(qin)死后,該府由其(qi)子(zi)孫繼(ji)承,至民國時主人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)僧格林沁(qin)之孫阿(a)穆(mu)爾靈(ling)圭,故又(you)稱“阿(a)府”。阿(a)穆(mu)爾靈(ling)圭時為(wei)(wei)(wei)屆國會議員,家(jia)道敗(bai)落,難以維持,被控告“未贍養(yang)好家(jia)人(ren)”,只得將(jiang)府拍(pai)賣(mai)。該府西部(bu)或為(wei)(wei)(wei)溫泉(quan)中學(xue),中部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)家(jia)購買,東部(bu)除(chu)一(yi)部(bu)分由其(qi)子(zi)和琳 留下(xia)外,其(qi)余賣(mai)給了西北軍。1954年,原宅(zhai)西部(bu)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)某機關(guan)宿舍,東部(bu)從(cong)炒豆(dou)胡(hu)同61號(hao)至71號(hao)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)民居,原貌(mao)已非常(chang)雜亂,但可(ke)約略知其(qi)規模。
原(yuan)府正門(men)外有(you)(you)大(da)影壁,門(men)旁有(you)(you)上馬石,內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)槍架子。腰廳,垂(chui)花門(men)、上房院(yuan)、后罩(zhao)房等均有(you)(you)抄手(shou)游(you)(you)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)相通(tong)。此外,院(yuan)內(nei)(nei)還有(you)(you)爬山廊(lang)(lang)(lang)、游(you)(you)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)、花廳、亭、臺、水池等。室內(nei)(nei)為冬季取(qu)暖均設地(di)炕。地(di)炕燒(shao)火口在走廊(lang)(lang)(lang)兩端,室內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)地(di)下火道(dao),走廊(lang)(lang)(lang)臺階處有(you)(you)出火口,煙及煤(mei)氣均從此出去。
73號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)亮(liang)大門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),倒(dao)座房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)配(pei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),三(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),全(quan)院(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)以(yi)圍廊(lang)(lang),四(si)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)后罩房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均為(wei)合瓦過壟(long)脊硬(ying)(ying)山(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。75號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)亮(liang)大門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),門(men)(men)內(nei)為(wei)獨立影壁一(yi)(yi)(yi)座,南有倒(dao)座房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)合瓦屋面,北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)腰廳七(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),中啟(qi)廳門(men)(men),過廳門(men)(men),進(jin)(jin)(jin)垂花門(men)(men)為(wei)二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)七(qi)檁(lin),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),抄手(shou)游廊(lang)(lang)環(huan)四(si)周(zhou)。后院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)板廠胡同(tong)32號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均為(wei)筒(tong)瓦過壟(long)脊硬(ying)(ying)山(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。77號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)亮(liang)大門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),倒(dao)座房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),合瓦屋面。院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)只存西(xi)(xi)(xi)配(pei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)過廳七(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)(qian)(qian)出(chu)廊(lang)(lang),中啟(qi)廳門(men)(men)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)軒門(men)(men),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)連廊(lang)(lang),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)七(qi)檁(lin),前(qian)(qian)(qian)后廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)(qian)(qian)出(chu)廊(lang)(lang),抄手(shou)游廊(lang)(lang)連接各(ge)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)應(ying)為(wei)穿廊(lang)(lang)至后院(yuan)(yuan)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)五檁(lin),前(qian)(qian)(qian)出(chu)廊(lang)(lang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)路院(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)南房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)帶前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)和東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),帶前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。以(yi)上(shang)均為(wei)筒(tong)瓦過壟(long)脊硬(ying)(ying)山(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),雖有改建但廊(lang)(lang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)寬大,應(ying)為(wei)原府的建筑。
原僧府(fu)規模(mo)很大(da),前門在炒豆胡同(tong),后(hou)門在板廠胡同(tong),縱(zong)跨兩個胡同(tong)。府(fu)分中、東(dong)、西三路(lu),各有四進。其中東(dong)路(lu)除正院(yuan)外,還有東(dong)院(yuan)四進,組(zu)成一個很大(da)的建(jian)筑(zhu)群。
民國(guo)后(hou),府第(di)被親(qin)王(wang)的(de)后(hou)代逐(zhu)漸拍賣,被分成(cheng)了(le)許多院(yuan)落。現在(zai)的(de)炒豆胡同(tong)71號至77號(單(dan)號),板廠胡同(tong)30號至34號(雙號),都是(shi)原(yuan)府的(de)范圍(wei)。
炒豆(dou)胡同西口,是(shi)僧格林(lin)沁家(jia)的祠(ci)堂,也是(shi)一(yi)組很大的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。祠(ci)堂和府建(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)條胡同,在(zai)(zai)清朝是(shi)不多(duo)見的。現在(zai)(zai)這里被改建(jian)(jian)(jian)為“侶松園賓館(guan)”。像這樣幽靜秀雅、古香古色(se)的四合院賓館(guan),在(zai)(zai)北京也是(shi)不多(duo)見的。
炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)同屬東(dong)城區(qu)交(jiao)道口(kou)地區(qu),是交(jiao)道口(kou)南(nan)(nan)大(da)街(jie)路(lu)西從南(nan)(nan)往(wang)北數的一條(tiao)胡(hu)同。胡(hu)同自(zi)東(dong)向西溝通(tong)交(jiao)道口(kou)南(nan)(nan)大(da)街(jie)和(he)南(nan)(nan)鑼鼓巷,長400多米。此處(chu)明代稱(cheng)“炒(chao)(chao)豆兒胡(hu)同”,清宣統時(shi)稱(cheng)“炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)同”,1965年整(zheng)頓地名時(shi)稱(cheng)“交(jiao)道口(kou)南(nan)(nan)九(jiu)條(tiao)”,“文化大(da)革命(ming)”中改稱(cheng)“大(da)躍進路(lu)頭條(tiao)”,1979年復稱(cheng)“炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)同”。
炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同(tong)73、75、77號在胡(hu)同(tong)西(xi)段北(bei)側,坐北(bei)朝南(nan),南(nan)北(bei)貫通炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同(tong)與(yu)板廠胡(hu)同(tong),原(yuan)為(wei)僧格(ge)林沁,1986年(nian)被(bei)公布(bu)(bu)為(wei)東城區文(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位,2003年(nian)被(bei)公布(bu)(bu)為(wei)北(bei)京市文(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位。
炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同73、75、77號(hao)后院(yuan)均(jun)被隔成獨(du)立(li)院(yuan)落(luo),門(men)朝北開,門(men)牌分(fen)別為(wei)板(ban)廠胡(hu)同30、32、34號(hao)。以上院(yuan)落(luo)共有房屋200多間(jian)。
《燕都(dou)叢考》載:“博(bo)多(duo)勒(le)(le)噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)府(fu)(fu),在安定門內炒豆(dou)胡同(tong)。科爾沁(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)索特那木(mu)多(duo)布齊尚仁(ren)宗三女莊(zhuang)敬公主,追封親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)街,其(qi)(qi)子博(bo)多(duo)勒(le)(le)噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)僧(seng)格(ge)林(lin)沁(qin),咸豐時(shi)以剿賊(zei)功(gong),食(shi)雙親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)俸,謚曰忠(zhong),配享太廟。今王(wang)(wang)伯(bo)(bo)彥訥(ne)謨祜嗣府(fu)(fu)為忠(zhong)王(wang)(wang)所(suo)建,非(fei)公主賜第也(ye)。”據此可知,此府(fu)(fu)之(zhi)所(suo)以稱(cheng)“僧(seng)府(fu)(fu)”,是因為一代府(fu)(fu)主是僧(seng)格(ge)林(lin)沁(qin)。僧(seng)格(ge)林(lin)沁(qin)死后,其(qi)(qi)長子伯(bo)(bo)彥訥(ne)謨祜襲爵(jue),此府(fu)(fu)遂稱(cheng)“伯(bo)(bo)府(fu)(fu)”。伯(bo)(bo)彥訥(ne)謨祜死后,因其(qi)(qi)長子那爾蘇早死,故由(you)其(qi)(qi)長孫阿穆爾靈圭(gui)襲爵(jue),此府(fu)(fu)又稱(cheng)“阿府(fu)(fu)”。確切地講,此府(fu)(fu)應(ying)稱(cheng)“博(bo)多(duo)勒(le)(le)噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)府(fu)(fu)”,因為“博(bo)多(duo)勒(le)(le)噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)”是世襲罔替的(de)。
僧(seng)格林沁承(cheng)襲(xi)科(ke)爾沁郡王,因(yin)軍功加封親王、食(shi)雙(shuang)俸。因(yin)此(ci),只是(shi)(shi)一般的(de)郡府(fu),其(qi)規(gui)模和規(gui)制遠(yuan)不能與后來幾(ji)乎占了整條胡同(tong)的(de)“世襲(xi)罔替”的(de)親府(fu)相比,后來的(de)僧(seng)府(fu)是(shi)(shi)累年擴建改建而(er)成的(de)。
清(qing)道光六年(1826年),僧格林沁出(chu)銀6690兩認(ren)買了(le)前任杭(hang)州織造福德入官的房屋(wu)117間。認(ren)買后,進(jin)(jin)行改(gai)建,與(yu)西(xi)部的原府(fu)(fu)連在(zai)一起,構成(cheng)由東(dong)、中、西(xi)三(san)所四(si)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)組成(cheng)的府(fu)(fu)。其中東(dong)所除正院(yuan)四(si)進(jin)(jin)外(wai),還(huan)有東(dong)院(yuan)四(si)進(jin)(jin)。東(dong)所的大(da)門被改(gai)建成(cheng)五脊六獸三(san)開間的府(fu)(fu)門,以符合(he)親府(fu)(fu)制;府(fu)(fu)的正殿仍在(zai)中所正院(yuan)。
胡同南側有(you)(you)一座大照壁正(zheng)對府門,府門兩(liang)旁(pang)有(you)(you)上(shang)馬石(shi)(shi),上(shang)馬石(shi)(shi)旁(pang)有(you)(you)一對雕石(shi)(shi)矗燈;府門里兩(liang)廂置兵(bing)器(qi)架,后(hou)器(qi)架上(shang)插著(zhu)兩(liang)排“阿虎槍”①,面(mian)闊五間的(de)腰(yao)廳(ting)和垂花門、后(hou)罩房等均有(you)(you)抄手廊(lang)相連,院內有(you)(you)假山(shan)、水池(chi)和爬山(shan)廊(lang)、游廊(lang)、花廳(ting)、亭(ting)、臺等建筑。正(zheng)殿臺階五層(ceng),舉架高(gao)大,有(you)(you)脊獸;每間面(mian)闊一丈有(you)(you)余,進深(shen)超過兩(liang)丈;殿內用(yong)“金磚”②墁地(di),墻上(shang)掛著(zhu)一幅僧格(ge)林沁頭戴秋帽(mao)、身穿“巴圖魯”③鹿皮坎肩的(de)油畫(hua)像。
僧(seng)格(ge)林(lin)沁的曾孫阿(a)穆爾靈(ling)圭曾任(ren)清(qing)廷鑾儀衛大(da)臣(chen),清(qing)廷退位后(hou)又曾任(ren)民國的國會議員(yuan),家(jia)道日趨衰落。阿(a)穆爾靈(ling)圭死后(hou),因欠族(zu)中(zhong)贍養費而被控告,法(fa)院受(shou)理公開拍賣(mai)“僧(seng)府(fu)(fu)”。該府(fu)(fu)西部(bu)成為(wei)溫泉中(zhong)學,中(zhong)部(bu)賣(mai)給了朱姓(xing)人家(jia),東部(bu)除(chu)留一部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)阿(a)穆爾靈(ling)圭之(zhi)子(zi)和琳自住,其余賣(mai)給了西北軍(jun)。一座顯赫(he)的府(fu)(fu)未及(ji)百年便被分(fen)割得七零八落。1954年,煤炭部(bu)買下原“僧(seng)府(fu)(fu)”的大(da)部(bu)分(fen)院落作(zuo)為(wei)宿(su)舍。
僧格林沁(qin)(qin)(1811—1865),成吉思汗的(de)(de)胞弟哈(ha)撒爾(er)(er)的(de)(de)第26代孫(sun)。清末(mo)將領(ling)。蒙古族(zu),博爾(er)(er)濟吉特氏(shi),科爾(er)(er)沁(qin)(qin)左翼(yi)后旗(今內蒙古科爾(er)(er)沁(qin)(qin)左翼(yi)后旗)人。道(dao)光五年(nian)(nian)(1825年(nian)(nian))襲科爾(er)(er)沁(qin)(qin)郡王,曾任御前大臣(chen)、領(ling)侍衛內大臣(chen)都統。咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)三年(nian)(nian)(1853年(nian)(nian)),任參(can)贊大臣(chen),率所部騎兵(bing)(bing)防堵(du)太平(ping)天(tian)國北(bei)伐(fa)(fa)軍(jun),咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)五年(nian)(nian)(1855年(nian)(nian)),因擒殺太平(ping)天(tian)國北(bei)伐(fa)(fa)軍(jun)主(zhu)將林鳳祥、李(li)開芳,咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)皇帝頒詔(zhao):“僧格林沁(qin)(qin)進(jin)封親王,世襲罔替。”咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)十年(nian)(nian)(1860年(nian)(nian)),抗(kang)擊英法聯軍(jun),失守大沽、天(tian)津。咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)十一年(nian)(nian)(1861年(nian)(nian))后在山(shan)東、河(he)南、安徽對捻軍(jun)作戰,同治四年(nian)(nian)(1865年(nian)(nian)),被賴文光、張(zhang)宗禹率領(ling)的(de)(de)捻軍(jun)在山(shan)東曹(cao)州(今山(shan)東省(sheng)菏澤市)高樓寨(zhai)附(fu)近的(de)(de)吳(wu)家店圍殲斬首,其所部騎兵(bing)(bing)亦全軍(jun)覆沒。
僧格林(lin)沁(qin)死后,謚曰“忠”,配饗太(tai)廟,并(bing)繪像紫光(guang)閣,其(qi)子伯彥(yan)訥謨祜(hu)襲(xi)親王爵,并(bing)賞“博多勒噶臺”王號。光(guang)緒年(nian)間(jian),清廷在今地安(an)門東大街路北為僧格林(lin)沁(qin)立專(zhuan)祠,名“顯(xian)忠祠”,春秋致祭。
清代(dai)統治(zhi)者入主中原后,將八旗制(zhi)度變為(wei)純(chun)粹(cui)的(de)軍(jun)事組織,八旗子弟(di),盡僉為(wei)兵,“以(yi)清語(yu)、騎(qi)射(she)為(wei)務(wu)”,實行世襲兵役制(zhi)。乾隆皇帝曾(ceng)說:“朕常躬率(lv)八旗臣仆,行圍較獵,時(shi)以(yi)學習國語(yu),練習騎(qi)射(she),操練技(ji)勇,諄切訓誨(hui),此欲(yu)率(lv)由舊(jiu)章(zhang),以(yi)傳奕祀(si),永(yong)綿福祚。”簡(jian)言之,為(wei)大清江(jiang)山(shan)千秋萬代(dai)計,滿文不(bu)能(neng)失(shi)傳,兵權不(bu)能(neng)旁(pang)落。然而,到了道光年間八旗軍(jun)隊(dui)已經不(bu)堪一擊(ji)了,幸好(hao)還有僧格林沁率(lv)領的(de)蒙古騎(qi)兵尚稱勁(jing)旅,能(neng)與(yu)曾(ceng)國藩、左宗棠的(de)湘軍(jun)和李鴻章(zhang)的(de)淮軍(jun)相提并論。
僧格(ge)林沁(qin)一死,清廷(ting)從此喪失了滿蒙八(ba)旗的(de)勁旅(lv),軍權漸(jian)次落(luo)入湘軍、淮軍手中,清廷(ting)能不震掉?!從這個意(yi)義上講(jiang),僧格(ge)林沁(qin)確(que)是一位清末標志性(xing)的(de)人物。