原僧(seng)府(fu)府(fu)門在炒(chao)豆(dou)(dou)胡(hu)同(tong),全府(fu)占了幾乎炒(chao)豆(dou)(dou)胡(hu)同(tong)一(yi)條街,規(gui)模相當可(ke)觀,現在公(gong)(gong)布(bu)的只是原府(fu)的一(yi)部分。據(ju)《京(jing)師坊巷志稿(gao)》中“炒(chao)豆(dou)(dou)胡(hu)同(tong)”條記(ji):“博多(duo)(duo)勒噶臺(tai)親(qin)府(fu),在安定門內(nei)炒(chao)豆(dou)(dou)胡(hu)同(tong)。案科爾(er)沁郡王索特那木多(duo)(duo)布(bu)齊尚仁宗三女壯敬(jing)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu),追封親(qin)王銜。其子博多(duo)(duo)勒噶臺(tai)親(qin)王僧(seng)格林沁,咸豐時以剿賊功(gong),食雙親(qin)王俸,謚(shi)曰忠(zhong),配享太廟。今王伯彥訥謨祜嗣府(fu)為忠(zhong)王所建(jian),非公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)賜第。”則府(fu)規(gui)模應成于(yu)僧(seng)格林沁之手,也非一(yi)次建(jian)成。
僧格(ge)林沁死后,該府(fu)由其子(zi)孫繼承,至民國時主人為(wei)(wei)僧格(ge)林沁之孫阿穆爾靈圭,故又稱(cheng)“阿府(fu)”。阿穆爾靈圭時為(wei)(wei)屆國會議(yi)員,家道敗落,難(nan)以維持,被控告“未贍養(yang)好家人”,只得將府(fu)拍賣。該府(fu)西部(bu)或為(wei)(wei)溫泉(quan)中學,中部(bu)為(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)家購買,東部(bu)除一部(bu)分由其子(zi)和琳 留下外,其余賣給了西北軍(jun)。1954年,原(yuan)宅西部(bu)成為(wei)(wei)某機關宿舍,東部(bu)從炒豆胡同61號(hao)至71號(hao)成為(wei)(wei)民居,原(yuan)貌已(yi)非常雜亂(luan),但(dan)可約略知其規模。
原府正門外有(you)大影(ying)壁,門旁有(you)上(shang)馬石,內(nei)有(you)槍架子(zi)。腰廳(ting),垂花門、上(shang)房(fang)院、后罩房(fang)等(deng)均有(you)抄手游(you)(you)廊相(xiang)通。此(ci)外,院內(nei)還有(you)爬(pa)山廊、游(you)(you)廊、花廳(ting)、亭、臺、水池等(deng)。室內(nei)為(wei)冬季(ji)取暖均設(she)地(di)(di)炕。地(di)(di)炕燒火口在走(zou)廊兩端,室內(nei)有(you)地(di)(di)下火道,走(zou)廊臺階處(chu)有(you)出(chu)火口,煙及煤氣(qi)均從此(ci)出(chu)去。
73號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣亮大門(men)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),倒座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),全院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環以(yi)圍廊(lang)(lang),四(si)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)罩房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)九間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)為(wei)合瓦過(guo)壟(long)脊硬(ying)山房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。75號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣亮大門(men)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),門(men)內(nei)為(wei)獨立影壁一(yi)(yi)座(zuo),南(nan)有(you)(you)倒座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)合瓦屋面,北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)腰(yao)廳(ting)(ting)七間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),中啟廳(ting)(ting)門(men),過(guo)廳(ting)(ting)門(men),進(jin)(jin)垂(chui)花(hua)門(men)為(wei)二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深七檁(lin),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),抄(chao)手(shou)游(you)廊(lang)(lang)環四(si)周。后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)板廠胡(hu)同32號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)為(wei)筒(tong)瓦過(guo)壟(long)脊硬(ying)山房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。77號(hao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣亮大門(men)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),倒座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),合瓦屋面。院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)只(zhi)存西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)過(guo)廳(ting)(ting)七間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)出廊(lang)(lang),中啟廳(ting)(ting)門(men)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)出一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)軒門(men),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)連廊(lang)(lang),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深七檁(lin),前(qian)后(hou)廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)出廊(lang)(lang),抄(chao)手(shou)游(you)廊(lang)(lang)連接各(ge)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)側耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)應為(wei)穿廊(lang)(lang)至(zhi)后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深五檁(lin),前(qian)出廊(lang)(lang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)路院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)帶(dai)前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)和東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),帶(dai)前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。以(yi)上均(jun)為(wei)筒(tong)瓦過(guo)壟(long)脊硬(ying)山房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),雖有(you)(you)改建(jian)但廊(lang)(lang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)寬大,應為(wei)原府(fu)的建(jian)筑。
原(yuan)僧府規模很大,前門在炒豆胡(hu)同,后門在板廠胡(hu)同,縱跨兩個胡(hu)同。府分中(zhong)、東、西三路(lu),各(ge)有四進。其中(zhong)東路(lu)除(chu)正院外,還有東院四進,組成一個很大的(de)建筑(zhu)群(qun)。
民國后,府第被親王(wang)的(de)后代逐漸拍(pai)賣,被分成了許多院落。現(xian)在的(de)炒豆胡(hu)同(tong)71號(hao)至77號(hao)(單號(hao)),板廠(chang)胡(hu)同(tong)30號(hao)至34號(hao)(雙號(hao)),都是原府的(de)范圍。
炒豆胡同西口,是(shi)僧格林沁(qin)家的(de)祠堂(tang),也是(shi)一組很大的(de)建筑。祠堂(tang)和府建在一條胡同,在清朝是(shi)不(bu)多(duo)見的(de)。現在這里被改建為“侶松(song)園賓(bin)館(guan)”。像這樣幽靜秀雅、古(gu)香古(gu)色的(de)四合院賓(bin)館(guan),在北京(jing)也是(shi)不(bu)多(duo)見的(de)。
炒豆(dou)(dou)胡同(tong)屬東(dong)城區交道(dao)口(kou)地(di)區,是(shi)交道(dao)口(kou)南大(da)街(jie)路(lu)西(xi)從(cong)南往北數的一(yi)條(tiao)胡同(tong)。胡同(tong)自(zi)東(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)溝通交道(dao)口(kou)南大(da)街(jie)和南鑼(luo)鼓巷(xiang),長400多(duo)米。此處明代稱(cheng)(cheng)“炒豆(dou)(dou)兒胡同(tong)”,清宣統時稱(cheng)(cheng)“炒豆(dou)(dou)胡同(tong)”,1965年整頓地(di)名時稱(cheng)(cheng)“交道(dao)口(kou)南九條(tiao)”,“文(wen)化大(da)革命”中改稱(cheng)(cheng)“大(da)躍(yue)進路(lu)頭條(tiao)”,1979年復(fu)稱(cheng)(cheng)“炒豆(dou)(dou)胡同(tong)”。
炒豆(dou)胡(hu)同(tong)73、75、77號在胡(hu)同(tong)西段北側,坐北朝(chao)南,南北貫通(tong)炒豆(dou)胡(hu)同(tong)與(yu)板廠胡(hu)同(tong),原為僧(seng)格林沁,1986年(nian)被(bei)公布(bu)(bu)為東城區文(wen)物保護單位,2003年(nian)被(bei)公布(bu)(bu)為北京市文(wen)物保護單位。
炒豆胡同(tong)73、75、77號(hao)后院(yuan)(yuan)均被隔(ge)成獨立院(yuan)(yuan)落,門朝北(bei)開,門牌分別為板廠胡同(tong)30、32、34號(hao)。以上院(yuan)(yuan)落共(gong)有房(fang)屋200多間。
《燕都叢考(kao)》載:“博(bo)(bo)(bo)多勒(le)噶臺親(qin)府(fu)(fu)(fu),在安定門(men)內炒豆胡(hu)同。科爾(er)沁(qin)郡王(wang)索特(te)那(nei)木多布(bu)齊尚仁(ren)宗三女莊敬公(gong)主(zhu),追封親(qin)王(wang)街(jie),其(qi)子博(bo)(bo)(bo)多勒(le)噶臺親(qin)王(wang)僧格林沁(qin),咸豐時(shi)以剿賊(zei)功,食雙親(qin)王(wang)俸(feng),謚曰忠(zhong),配享太廟。今王(wang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)彥訥謨祜嗣(si)府(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)忠(zhong)王(wang)所(suo)建,非公(gong)主(zhu)賜第也。”據此可(ke)知,此府(fu)(fu)(fu)之所(suo)以稱(cheng)“僧府(fu)(fu)(fu)”,是因為(wei)一代府(fu)(fu)(fu)主(zhu)是僧格林沁(qin)。僧格林沁(qin)死(si)后,其(qi)長子伯(bo)(bo)(bo)彥訥謨祜襲爵(jue),此府(fu)(fu)(fu)遂稱(cheng)“伯(bo)(bo)(bo)府(fu)(fu)(fu)”。伯(bo)(bo)(bo)彥訥謨祜死(si)后,因其(qi)長子那(nei)爾(er)蘇早死(si),故由其(qi)長孫(sun)阿穆爾(er)靈圭襲爵(jue),此府(fu)(fu)(fu)又稱(cheng)“阿府(fu)(fu)(fu)”。確(que)切地(di)講(jiang),此府(fu)(fu)(fu)應稱(cheng)“博(bo)(bo)(bo)多勒(le)噶臺親(qin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)”,因為(wei)“博(bo)(bo)(bo)多勒(le)噶臺親(qin)王(wang)”是世襲罔(wang)替的。
僧格林沁(qin)承(cheng)襲科爾(er)沁(qin)郡王,因(yin)軍功加封親王、食(shi)雙俸。因(yin)此,只是(shi)(shi)一般(ban)的郡府(fu),其規模和規制(zhi)遠不能與后(hou)(hou)來(lai)幾乎(hu)占(zhan)了整(zheng)條胡同(tong)的“世(shi)襲罔替”的親府(fu)相(xiang)比,后(hou)(hou)來(lai)的僧府(fu)是(shi)(shi)累(lei)年擴(kuo)建(jian)改(gai)建(jian)而成的。
清道光六年(1826年),僧格林沁出銀6690兩認買了前任(ren)杭州織(zhi)造福德入官的(de)房屋117間。認買后,進(jin)行改建,與西部的(de)原府(fu)連在(zai)一起,構(gou)成由東(dong)、中(zhong)(zhong)、西三(san)所(suo)四(si)進(jin)院(yuan)組成的(de)府(fu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)所(suo)除正院(yuan)四(si)進(jin)外,還有東(dong)院(yuan)四(si)進(jin)。東(dong)所(suo)的(de)大門(men)被(bei)改建成五脊六獸(shou)三(san)開(kai)間的(de)府(fu)門(men),以符合(he)親府(fu)制;府(fu)的(de)正殿仍在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)正院(yuan)。
胡同南側有一(yi)座大照壁正對府門(men),府門(men)兩(liang)(liang)旁有上(shang)(shang)(shang)馬(ma)石(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)馬(ma)石(shi)(shi)旁有一(yi)對雕(diao)石(shi)(shi)矗燈;府門(men)里兩(liang)(liang)廂置兵(bing)器架(jia),后器架(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)插(cha)著(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)排“阿虎(hu)槍”①,面闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian)的(de)腰廳和垂花門(men)、后罩房等均有抄(chao)手廊相連,院內有假山(shan)、水池和爬山(shan)廊、游廊、花廳、亭(ting)、臺等建筑。正殿臺階五(wu)層,舉架(jia)高大,有脊獸;每間(jian)(jian)面闊一(yi)丈有余,進(jin)深超過兩(liang)(liang)丈;殿內用“金(jin)磚”②墁地(di),墻上(shang)(shang)(shang)掛著(zhu)一(yi)幅僧(seng)格(ge)林沁頭戴秋(qiu)帽、身穿“巴圖魯”③鹿皮坎(kan)肩的(de)油畫(hua)像。
僧格(ge)林沁的(de)曾孫阿(a)穆(mu)(mu)爾(er)靈(ling)(ling)圭曾任(ren)(ren)清(qing)廷(ting)鑾儀衛大(da)臣,清(qing)廷(ting)退位后(hou)又曾任(ren)(ren)民國的(de)國會議員,家(jia)道日趨衰落。阿(a)穆(mu)(mu)爾(er)靈(ling)(ling)圭死后(hou),因欠族(zu)中贍(shan)養費而(er)被控告,法院受理公開拍(pai)賣(mai)“僧府”。該府西部成為溫泉中學,中部賣(mai)給了朱姓人(ren)家(jia),東部除(chu)留一部分(fen)為阿(a)穆(mu)(mu)爾(er)靈(ling)(ling)圭之子和琳自(zi)住,其余賣(mai)給了西北軍。一座顯(xian)赫的(de)府未及百年便被分(fen)割得(de)七零八落。1954年,煤炭部買(mai)下(xia)原“僧府”的(de)大(da)部分(fen)院落作為宿舍。
僧格林(lin)(lin)沁(1811—1865),成吉(ji)思汗的(de)(de)(de)胞弟哈撒爾的(de)(de)(de)第(di)26代孫。清末將(jiang)領。蒙古族,博爾濟吉(ji)特氏,科(ke)爾沁左(zuo)翼后(hou)旗(今(jin)內蒙古科(ke)爾沁左(zuo)翼后(hou)旗)人。道(dao)光五年(nian)(nian)(1825年(nian)(nian))襲(xi)科(ke)爾沁郡王,曾任御前大臣、領侍衛(wei)內大臣都統。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐(feng)三年(nian)(nian)(1853年(nian)(nian)),任參贊(zan)大臣,率所(suo)部(bu)騎兵防堵太平天(tian)國(guo)(guo)北伐(fa)軍,咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐(feng)五年(nian)(nian)(1855年(nian)(nian)),因擒殺太平天(tian)國(guo)(guo)北伐(fa)軍主將(jiang)林(lin)(lin)鳳祥、李開芳,咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐(feng)皇帝頒詔:“僧格林(lin)(lin)沁進封親(qin)王,世襲(xi)罔替。”咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐(feng)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1860年(nian)(nian)),抗擊英(ying)法(fa)聯軍,失守大沽、天(tian)津。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐(feng)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1861年(nian)(nian))后(hou)在山(shan)東、河南、安徽(hui)對捻軍作戰,同治(zhi)四年(nian)(nian)(1865年(nian)(nian)),被賴文光、張宗禹率領的(de)(de)(de)捻軍在山(shan)東曹州(zhou)(今(jin)山(shan)東省菏澤市(shi))高樓寨附近的(de)(de)(de)吳家店圍殲(jian)斬(zhan)首,其所(suo)部(bu)騎兵亦全軍覆沒。
僧格(ge)林沁(qin)死(si)后(hou),謚曰“忠(zhong)”,配饗太廟,并繪(hui)像紫光(guang)閣,其(qi)子伯(bo)彥訥謨祜(hu)襲親王(wang)爵,并賞“博多(duo)勒噶臺”王(wang)號。光(guang)緒(xu)年間,清(qing)廷在今(jin)地(di)安門東大街路(lu)北為僧格(ge)林沁(qin)立專(zhuan)祠(ci)(ci),名“顯忠(zhong)祠(ci)(ci)”,春秋致(zhi)祭。
清代(dai)統(tong)治(zhi)者入(ru)主中原后(hou),將八(ba)(ba)旗制(zhi)度(du)變(bian)為(wei)純粹的軍(jun)事組織,八(ba)(ba)旗子弟,盡僉為(wei)兵(bing)(bing),“以(yi)(yi)清語、騎(qi)射(she)為(wei)務(wu)”,實(shi)行世襲兵(bing)(bing)役制(zhi)。乾隆皇帝(di)曾說:“朕常躬率(lv)八(ba)(ba)旗臣(chen)仆,行圍較(jiao)獵(lie),時以(yi)(yi)學習(xi)國語,練習(xi)騎(qi)射(she),操練技(ji)勇,諄切訓誨,此欲率(lv)由舊章,以(yi)(yi)傳奕祀,永綿福祚。”簡言之(zhi),為(wei)大(da)清江(jiang)山千(qian)秋(qiu)萬(wan)代(dai)計,滿(man)文不(bu)能失傳,兵(bing)(bing)權不(bu)能旁落。然而,到了道光年間八(ba)(ba)旗軍(jun)隊已(yi)經不(bu)堪一擊了,幸好還有(you)僧(seng)格林(lin)沁率(lv)領的蒙(meng)古騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)尚稱勁旅,能與曾國藩、左宗(zong)棠的湘軍(jun)和李鴻章的淮(huai)軍(jun)相提并(bing)論(lun)。
僧格林(lin)沁(qin)一死,清廷從(cong)此喪失了滿蒙(meng)八旗(qi)的勁旅(lv),軍權(quan)漸次落入湘軍、淮軍手中,清廷能不(bu)震掉?!從(cong)這(zhe)個意義上講,僧格林(lin)沁(qin)確是一位清末標志性的人物(wu)。