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介紹

原僧府(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)門(men)在炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同(tong)，全府(fu)(fu)占了幾乎炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同(tong)一(yi)條街，規模相當可觀，現(xian)在公布的只是原府(fu)(fu)的一(yi)部(bu)分。據《京師坊巷(xiang)志(zhi)稿》中“炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同(tong)”條記：“博多(duo)勒(le)噶臺親(qin)府(fu)(fu)，在安定門(men)內炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同(tong)。案(an)科爾沁郡王(wang)(wang)索特那(nei)木多(duo)布齊尚仁宗三女(nv)壯敬公主，追封親(qin)王(wang)(wang)銜。其子博多(duo)勒(le)噶臺親(qin)王(wang)(wang)僧格林(lin)沁，咸豐時以剿賊功，食雙親(qin)王(wang)(wang)俸，謚曰忠(zhong)，配享太廟。今王(wang)(wang)伯彥(yan)訥(ne)謨祜嗣府(fu)(fu)為忠(zhong)王(wang)(wang)所建，非公主賜(si)第(di)。”則府(fu)(fu)規模應成于僧格林(lin)沁之手，也非一(yi)次(ci)建成。

歷史沿革

僧(seng)格林(lin)沁(qin)死后，該(gai)(gai)府由(you)其子孫繼承，至民國時主人為(wei)僧(seng)格林(lin)沁(qin)之孫阿(a)穆爾靈圭(gui)，故又稱“阿(a)府”。阿(a)穆爾靈圭(gui)時為(wei)屆國會議員，家(jia)道(dao)敗(bai)落，難以維(wei)持，被(bei)控告(gao)“未贍養好(hao)家(jia)人”，只得將府拍(pai)賣。該(gai)(gai)府西部(bu)(bu)或為(wei)溫(wen)泉中學(xue)，中部(bu)(bu)為(wei)朱家(jia)購(gou)買，東部(bu)(bu)除一部(bu)(bu)分由(you)其子和琳 留下(xia)外，其余賣給了西北軍。1954年，原(yuan)宅西部(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)某機關宿(su)舍，東部(bu)(bu)從炒豆胡同61號至71號成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)民居，原(yuan)貌已非常雜亂，但可約略知其規模。

規模

原府正門外有(you)大影(ying)壁，門旁有(you)上馬石，內有(you)槍架子。腰廳，垂花(hua)門、上房院(yuan)、后罩房等均(jun)有(you)抄(chao)手(shou)游廊(lang)相通。此(ci)外，院(yuan)內還有(you)爬(pa)山廊(lang)、游廊(lang)、花(hua)廳、亭、臺、水池等。室(shi)內為冬季取暖(nuan)均(jun)設(she)地(di)炕。地(di)炕燒火口在走廊(lang)兩端，室(shi)內有(you)地(di)下火道，走廊(lang)臺階處有(you)出(chu)火口，煙及煤氣均(jun)從此(ci)出(chu)去。

73號院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)亮大門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，倒座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，二(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，全(quan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環以圍(wei)廊(lang)(lang)，四進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后罩房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，均為(wei)合瓦(wa)(wa)過(guo)(guo)壟脊(ji)硬山(shan)(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。75號院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)亮大門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)為(wei)獨立影壁一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，南有(you)倒座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，為(wei)合瓦(wa)(wa)屋面，北(bei)(bei)為(wei)腰(yao)廳七間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，中啟廳門(men)(men)，過(guo)(guo)廳門(men)(men)，進(jin)(jin)垂(chui)花門(men)(men)為(wei)二(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)七檁，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，抄手游(you)廊(lang)(lang)環四周。后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)板廠胡同32號院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，均為(wei)筒瓦(wa)(wa)過(guo)(guo)壟脊(ji)硬山(shan)(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。77號院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)亮大門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，倒座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，合瓦(wa)(wa)屋面。院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)只存西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，北(bei)(bei)為(wei)過(guo)(guo)廳七間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前(qian)(qian)出廊(lang)(lang)，中啟廳門(men)(men)。北(bei)(bei)出一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)軒門(men)(men)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)連廊(lang)(lang)，北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)七檁，前(qian)(qian)后廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前(qian)(qian)出廊(lang)(lang)，抄手游(you)廊(lang)(lang)連接各房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)側(ce)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)應為(wei)穿(chuan)廊(lang)(lang)至后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)五(wu)檁，前(qian)(qian)出廊(lang)(lang)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)路院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)帶(dai)(dai)前(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)和東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)各一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。二(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，帶(dai)(dai)前(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。以上均為(wei)筒瓦(wa)(wa)過(guo)(guo)壟脊(ji)硬山(shan)(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，雖有(you)改建(jian)(jian)但廊(lang)(lang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)寬大，應為(wei)原府(fu)的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。

縱跨炒豆

原僧(seng)府規模很(hen)大，前(qian)門(men)(men)在炒豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)，后門(men)(men)在板廠胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)，縱跨兩個胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)。府分中(zhong)、東(dong)、西三路(lu)，各有(you)四(si)進。其中(zhong)東(dong)路(lu)除正院(yuan)外，還有(you)東(dong)院(yuan)四(si)進，組成一個很(hen)大的建筑(zhu)群。

民國(guo)后(hou)，府第被(bei)親王的(de)后(hou)代逐漸(jian)拍賣，被(bei)分成(cheng)了許多院落。現在的(de)炒豆胡同(tong)71號(hao)(hao)至(zhi)77號(hao)(hao)(單號(hao)(hao))，板(ban)廠胡同(tong)30號(hao)(hao)至(zhi)34號(hao)(hao)(雙號(hao)(hao))，都是(shi)原府的(de)范(fan)圍(wei)。

炒豆(dou)胡同(tong)西口,是僧(seng)格林(lin)沁家(jia)的(de)祠(ci)堂(tang)，也(ye)是一組很(hen)大的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑。祠(ci)堂(tang)和府(fu)建(jian)(jian)在一條胡同(tong)，在清朝是不多(duo)見(jian)的(de)。現在這(zhe)里被(bei)改建(jian)(jian)為“侶(lv)松園賓(bin)館”。像這(zhe)樣(yang)幽靜秀雅、古(gu)香(xiang)古(gu)色的(de)四合院(yuan)賓(bin)館，在北(bei)京(jing)也(ye)是不多(duo)見(jian)的(de)。

炒(chao)(chao)豆胡同(tong)(tong)屬東(dong)城區(qu)交道口(kou)地區(qu)，是交道口(kou)南大(da)街路(lu)西(xi)從南往北數的一(yi)條胡同(tong)(tong)。胡同(tong)(tong)自東(dong)向西(xi)溝(gou)通交道口(kou)南大(da)街和南鑼鼓巷(xiang)，長400多(duo)米(mi)。此處明(ming)代稱(cheng)“炒(chao)(chao)豆兒(er)胡同(tong)(tong)”，清(qing)宣(xuan)統時(shi)稱(cheng)“炒(chao)(chao)豆胡同(tong)(tong)”，1965年(nian)整頓地名時(shi)稱(cheng)“交道口(kou)南九條”，“文(wen)化大(da)革命(ming)”中改稱(cheng)“大(da)躍進路(lu)頭條”，1979年(nian)復(fu)稱(cheng)“炒(chao)(chao)豆胡同(tong)(tong)”。

炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同73、75、77號在胡(hu)同西(xi)段北側，坐北朝南，南北貫通(tong)炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同與板廠胡(hu)同，原為(wei)僧格林沁(qin)，1986年被公(gong)布為(wei)東(dong)城區文物(wu)保護單位，2003年被公(gong)布為(wei)北京市(shi)文物(wu)保護單位。

炒(chao)豆胡同73、75、77號后院均(jun)被隔成獨立院落(luo)，門(men)朝北開，門(men)牌分別為板廠胡同30、32、34號。以(yi)上院落(luo)共有房屋(wu)200多間(jian)。

《燕(yan)都叢考》載:“博(bo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)勒(le)(le)噶(ga)臺(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)府(fu)，在安定門內(nei)炒豆胡同。科(ke)爾沁郡王(wang)(wang)索特那木多(duo)(duo)(duo)布(bu)齊尚仁宗三女莊(zhuang)敬(jing)公主，追封親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)街，其子博(bo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)勒(le)(le)噶(ga)臺(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)僧(seng)格(ge)(ge)林沁，咸豐(feng)時以剿賊功，食雙親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)俸，謚曰忠(zhong)，配享太廟。今王(wang)(wang)伯(bo)彥訥謨(mo)(mo)祜嗣府(fu)為忠(zhong)王(wang)(wang)所建，非公主賜第也。”據此(ci)可知，此(ci)府(fu)之所以稱“僧(seng)府(fu)”，是(shi)因為一代府(fu)主是(shi)僧(seng)格(ge)(ge)林沁。僧(seng)格(ge)(ge)林沁死(si)后，其長(chang)子伯(bo)彥訥謨(mo)(mo)祜襲爵，此(ci)府(fu)遂(sui)稱“伯(bo)府(fu)”。伯(bo)彥訥謨(mo)(mo)祜死(si)后，因其長(chang)子那爾蘇早(zao)死(si)，故由(you)其長(chang)孫阿穆爾靈圭襲爵，此(ci)府(fu)又(you)稱“阿府(fu)”。確切地講，此(ci)府(fu)應稱“博(bo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)勒(le)(le)噶(ga)臺(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)府(fu)”，因為“博(bo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)勒(le)(le)噶(ga)臺(tai)親(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)”是(shi)世襲罔替的(de)。

僧(seng)(seng)格林沁承襲科爾沁郡王，因(yin)軍(jun)功加封親(qin)王、食(shi)雙俸(feng)。因(yin)此，只是(shi)一般的郡府(fu)，其(qi)規模和規制遠不能與后(hou)來幾乎占(zhan)了整條胡同的“世(shi)襲罔(wang)替”的親(qin)府(fu)相比(bi)，后(hou)來的僧(seng)(seng)府(fu)是(shi)累(lei)年擴(kuo)建改建而成(cheng)的。

清道光六(liu)年(1826年)，僧(seng)格林沁出(chu)銀6690兩認(ren)買了前任(ren)杭州織造福德入(ru)官的(de)房屋(wu)117間(jian)(jian)。認(ren)買后，進行改建，與西(xi)部的(de)原府(fu)連在一起，構成由(you)東、中(zhong)、西(xi)三所四進院(yuan)組成的(de)府(fu)。其中(zhong)東所除(chu)正(zheng)院(yuan)四進外，還有東院(yuan)四進。東所的(de)大門被(bei)改建成五脊六(liu)獸(shou)三開間(jian)(jian)的(de)府(fu)門，以(yi)符合(he)親府(fu)制；府(fu)的(de)正(zheng)殿(dian)仍在中(zhong)所正(zheng)院(yuan)。

胡同南(nan)側(ce)有(you)一座大照壁正(zheng)對府(fu)(fu)門，府(fu)(fu)門兩(liang)旁有(you)上(shang)(shang)馬(ma)石(shi)，上(shang)(shang)馬(ma)石(shi)旁有(you)一對雕石(shi)矗燈；府(fu)(fu)門里兩(liang)廂(xiang)置兵器(qi)架，后器(qi)架上(shang)(shang)插著兩(liang)排(pai)“阿虎槍”①，面闊(kuo)(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)的腰廳和垂花(hua)門、后罩房等(deng)(deng)均有(you)抄手廊相連，院內(nei)有(you)假山(shan)、水池和爬山(shan)廊、游廊、花(hua)廳、亭、臺(tai)等(deng)(deng)建筑(zhu)。正(zheng)殿(dian)臺(tai)階五(wu)層(ceng)，舉架高大，有(you)脊獸(shou)；每間(jian)面闊(kuo)(kuo)一丈有(you)余(yu)，進深超過兩(liang)丈；殿(dian)內(nei)用“金磚”②墁地，墻上(shang)(shang)掛著一幅僧格林沁(qin)頭戴(dai)秋(qiu)帽、身穿“巴圖魯”③鹿皮坎肩的油畫像。

僧(seng)格林沁的(de)(de)曾孫阿穆爾靈圭曾任清廷鑾儀衛大(da)臣，清廷退(tui)位后又曾任民國的(de)(de)國會議員，家道日(ri)趨衰落。阿穆爾靈圭死后，因(yin)欠族中(zhong)贍養費而被控告，法院受理公開拍賣(mai)“僧(seng)府”。該府西部(bu)(bu)成為溫泉中(zhong)學，中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)賣(mai)給了朱姓人家，東部(bu)(bu)除留(liu)一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)為阿穆爾靈圭之子(zi)和琳自(zi)住(zhu)，其余(yu)賣(mai)給了西北軍(jun)。一座顯(xian)赫的(de)(de)府未及百年便被分(fen)割得七零八落。1954年，煤炭部(bu)(bu)買下原“僧(seng)府”的(de)(de)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)院落作(zuo)為宿舍。

僧格林(lin)沁(qin)(qin)(1811—1865)，成吉思汗的(de)胞弟哈撒(sa)爾的(de)第26代孫。清末將(jiang)領。蒙古族，博爾濟吉特氏，科(ke)爾沁(qin)(qin)左翼后(hou)旗(今(jin)內(nei)蒙古科(ke)爾沁(qin)(qin)左翼后(hou)旗)人。道(dao)光五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1825年(nian)(nian)(nian))襲科(ke)爾沁(qin)(qin)郡王(wang)，曾(ceng)任御前大(da)臣(chen)(chen)、領侍衛(wei)內(nei)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)都統。咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1853年(nian)(nian)(nian))，任參贊大(da)臣(chen)(chen)，率所(suo)部騎兵防堵太平(ping)天(tian)國北(bei)伐軍(jun)(jun)，咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1855年(nian)(nian)(nian))，因擒(qin)殺太平(ping)天(tian)國北(bei)伐軍(jun)(jun)主將(jiang)林(lin)鳳祥、李開芳(fang)，咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)皇帝頒詔:“僧格林(lin)沁(qin)(qin)進(jin)封親王(wang)，世襲罔替。”咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1860年(nian)(nian)(nian))，抗擊英法聯軍(jun)(jun)，失守大(da)沽(gu)、天(tian)津。咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1861年(nian)(nian)(nian))后(hou)在山(shan)東(dong)(dong)、河南、安徽(hui)對捻(nian)軍(jun)(jun)作戰，同治四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1865年(nian)(nian)(nian))，被(bei)賴文光、張宗禹率領的(de)捻(nian)軍(jun)(jun)在山(shan)東(dong)(dong)曹州(今(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)菏澤(ze)市)高樓寨附(fu)近的(de)吳(wu)家店圍殲斬首，其所(suo)部騎兵亦全軍(jun)(jun)覆沒。

僧格林沁死后，謚曰“忠”，配饗太(tai)廟，并繪(hui)像紫(zi)光(guang)閣，其子伯彥(yan)訥(ne)謨祜襲親王爵，并賞“博(bo)多勒噶臺”王號(hao)。光(guang)緒年間，清廷在今地安門(men)東大街路(lu)北為僧格林沁立(li)專祠(ci)，名“顯忠祠(ci)”，春秋(qiu)致祭(ji)。

清代統(tong)治(zhi)者入主(zhu)中原(yuan)后(hou)，將八旗(qi)(qi)制度變為(wei)純粹的軍事組織(zhi)，八旗(qi)(qi)子弟，盡僉為(wei)兵，“以(yi)清語(yu)、騎射為(wei)務”，實(shi)行世(shi)襲兵役制。乾隆皇帝曾(ceng)說(shuo):“朕常躬率八旗(qi)(qi)臣仆，行圍較(jiao)獵，時以(yi)學習(xi)國(guo)語(yu)，練習(xi)騎射，操練技勇，諄切訓誨，此(ci)欲率由舊章，以(yi)傳(chuan)奕祀，永綿福(fu)祚(zuo)。”簡(jian)言之(zhi)，為(wei)大(da)清江(jiang)山千秋萬代計，滿文(wen)不(bu)能失(shi)傳(chuan)，兵權不(bu)能旁落。然而，到了道(dao)光年(nian)間八旗(qi)(qi)軍隊(dui)已經不(bu)堪(kan)一擊了，幸好還有僧格林沁率領的蒙古騎兵尚稱勁旅，能與曾(ceng)國(guo)藩、左宗棠的湘軍和李鴻章的淮軍相提并論(lun)。

僧格林(lin)沁(qin)一死，清(qing)廷從此(ci)喪失了滿蒙八旗的勁旅，軍權漸次落入湘(xiang)軍、淮軍手中，清(qing)廷能(neng)不震掉？！從這個(ge)意義上講，僧格林(lin)沁(qin)確是一位清(qing)末標(biao)志性的人物。