遺(yi)址主要(yao)遺(yi)存集中分布(bu)在山岡和坡地上,有采(cai)(cai)礦(kuang)坑、冶煉坩鍋、工棚(peng)建筑遺(yi)跡等。據試掘發現,古銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址占地面積約2.5平方公里,地表可見的露(lu)天(tian)采(cai)(cai)礦(kuang)坑道47條,統計累計開(kai)采(cai)(cai)長(chang)度(du)(du)達1570多米,其中大(da)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)長(chang)度(du)(du)200米,大(da)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)深度(du)(du)20米,大(da)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)寬度(du)(du)25米。礦(kuang)坑之間不連接,有順坡縱向開(kai)采(cai)(cai)的,也(ye)有橫向開(kai)采(cai)(cai)的。
現已發掘出土和采集各類采礦石制工具1500余件,并發現有用于冶煉的8個平臺共12座煉爐遺址和部分用于鑄造的古代器具。有關專家推論,大井古銅礦是一處開采時間延續長,開采規模非赤峰市林西縣官地鎮中興村大井自然村常大(da),并(bing)集采礦、選礦、冶煉和鑄造為一體的大(da)型聯(lian)合作坊。
大井古礦(kuang)(kuang)冶(ye)(ye)遺址(zhi)是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)早(zao)發現(xian)發掘的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)冶(ye)(ye)遺址(zhi),也是(shi)(shi)迄今(jin)為止世界上直接以(yi)共生礦(kuang)(kuang)冶(ye)(ye)煉青銅的(de)古礦(kuang)(kuang)冶(ye)(ye)遺址(zhi)。它對(dui)蒙東地區早(zao)期(qi)文(wen)明起源和發展(zhan)歷(li)程具有(you)重要意義。大井古銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺址(zhi)的(de)發現(xian),不僅進(jin)一步證實了早(zao)在(zai)兩三(san)千年以(yi)前,中(zhong)華民族的(de)先民就生產、生活(huo)在(zai)這(zhe)里(li),并使用著原始工具,通(tong)過艱辛勞動(dong)創造(zao)了輝煌燦(can)爛的(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代商周青銅器文(wen)化;而(er)且也為研(yan)究中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北方(fang)古代銅礦(kuang)(kuang)開采(cai)、選礦(kuang)(kuang)、冶(ye)(ye)煉、鑄造(zao)技術及發展(zhan)水(shui)平提供了實證。
我國上(shang)古時期女媧煉(lian)五色石補天的神(shen)話所(suo)反(fan)應(ying)可能就是煉(lian)銅(tong)技術。目前我國發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的年(nian)代(dai)早的銅(tong)制品和(he)(he)煉(lian)鋼遺物主要分布在甘肅、遼西(xi)、內蒙東(dong)部等(deng)地,在山東(dong)、河(he)南、陜(shan)西(xi)等(deng)地也(ye)有(you)所(suo)發(fa)現(xian)(xian),這些發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的年(nian)代(dai)距(ju)今(jin)約4000~5000年(nian),從(cong)其結構和(he)(he)組(zu)成上(shang)看都不是煉(lian)銅(tong)技術原(yuan)始階段的遺物,因此中國煉(lian)銅(tong)技術的起源和(he)(he)面貌還有(you)待于(yu)進一步的揭示。
已發(fa)現的(de)(de)大批商周以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦冶(ye)(ye)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)和(he)研究顯示,中(zhong)國古(gu)代有著存在三(san)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則性煉(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)技(ji)(ji)術。較早的(de)(de)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu),如遼寧省(sheng)陵源牛(niu)和(he)梁發(fa)現的(de)(de)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)爐渣和(he)坩堝(guo)片、河南省(sheng)安陽市殷墟煉(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu),都是氧(yang)化礦石(shi)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu),湖北(bei)大冶(ye)(ye)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠山古(gu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦冶(ye)(ye)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)早期冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)屬氧(yang)化礦石(shi)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)生銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)產物(wu)(wu)。從這些早期煉(lian)(lian)(lian)鋼遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)性質(zhi)判斷(duan),中(zhong)國早的(de)(de)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)使用的(de)(de)是氧(yang)化礦石(shi)直接(jie)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術,可簡稱為“氧(yang)化礦一銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”技(ji)(ji)術。而(er)林西縣夏家店上(shang)層文化的(de)(de)大井(jing)古(gu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦冶(ye)(ye)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)已能(neng)夠開(kai)采品位較高(gao)的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)化礦石(shi),經死(si)焙(bei)燒脫硫(liu)(liu)后再還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),可簡稱為“硫(liu)(liu)化礦一銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”技(ji)(ji)術。硫(liu)(liu)化礦一銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦石(shi)開(kai)采困(kun)難、冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)流程加長,技(ji)(ji)術復雜,僅冶(ye)(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)次(ci)數就(jiu)有四次(ci)之多。
銅(tong)是一個對(dui)人類文明進程產(chan)生重要影響的金屬,掌握銅(tong)及銅(tong)合(he)金冶煉技術是文明時代降臨(lin)的重要物(wu)質標(biao)志(zhi)。
赤峰(feng)大井(jing)古(gu)銅礦遺址的聯系地(di)址位于內蒙古(gu)自治區林(lin)西縣官地(di)鎮中興(xing)村(cun)大井(jing)自然(ran)村(cun)北(bei)1公里處
赤峰站位于市區(qu)南部、昭烏達(da)路的南端(duan),從赤峰至北京、呼和浩特(te)、沈陽、大連、錦州、承德(de)都(dou)有列車直達(da);
公路:赤峰長途汽車站就位于火車站前的廣場上,111國道穿境而過。赤峰至北京、天津、秦皇島、石家莊、沈陽、唐山、錦州、朝陽均有車直達市(shi)內可乘公交車(che)輛
大井古銅礦遺(yi)址2001年被列(lie)為(wei)第五批全國(guo)文物保護(hu)單位。