靈安州遺址面積(ji)為(wei)408000平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),在西城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)正中(zhong)偏南(nan)處(chu),有一(yi)高臺建筑址,南(nan)北長60米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)(mi),高山城(cheng)內地表2米(mi)(mi)(mi)。夯土板筑城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),基寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi),高處(chu)約10米(mi)(mi)(mi)。東北、南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)各(ge)開一(yi)城(cheng)門(men),外加(jia)筑甕(weng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外側有馬面。城(cheng)內有十(shi)字形(xing)街道,建筑臺基。地表散布溝紋(wen)磚,布紋(wen)瓦(wa)(wa)、蓮花紋(wen)瓦(wa)(wa)當、獸面紋(wen)瓦(wa)(wa)當、白瓷(ci)片(pian)及(ji)遼、北寧的(de)銅錢等物品。
靈安州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)正處科(ke)爾沁沙地(di)與(yu)遼(liao)西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)過渡地(di)帶,海(hai)拔300米(mi)左右。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)周(zhou)圍群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)起(qi)伏,西2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)為官山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔626米(mi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)峻峭,巖石突(tu)兀,是(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群(qun)的(de)組成部(bu)分;城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)為銀洞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔482米(mi)。再向南(nan)、向西即是(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群(qun),諸(zhu)峰(feng)竟(jing)秀。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之北(bei)為科(ke)爾沁沙地(di)南(nan)緣的(de)黃土臺地(di),千(qian)壑縱橫。這里(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)遼(liao)河(he)大支流(liu)柳河(he)的(de)發源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)區。柳河(he)上源(yuan)(yuan)名新開河(he)(又名扣根(gen)河(he)),扣根(gen)河(he)上游的(de)兩條支流(liu)就在城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)交匯。一(yi)(yi)條發源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)10公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)的(de)黃土溝壑之中(zhong)(zhong),曲曲東(dong)(dong)南(nan)流(liu)來;另一(yi)(yi)條,自山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后發源(yuan)(yuan),裊繞如帶,經(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西,轉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan),向東(dong)(dong)流(liu)過,至一(yi)(yi)占城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)邊與(yu)北(bei)來支流(liu)匯合,古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)就座(zuo)落在這片(pian)溝谷盆地(di)之中(zhong)(zhong)。這一(yi)(yi)帶地(di)勢比較開闊平坦,土質肥(fei)沃,水草(cao)豐美(mei),是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)處宜農宜牧(mu)的(de)地(di)區。靈安州(zhou)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)6公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)酒局(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)村(cun)亦有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)遼(liao)代古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi),此城(cheng)(cheng)夯土板筑,呈長方形,南(nan)北(bei)一(yi)(yi)長500米(mi),東(dong)(dong)西寬(kuan)30米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)內中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)有(you)(you)三處建(jian)筑臺基。城(cheng)(cheng)內散(san)布(bu)大量(liang)青(qing)(qing)磚與(yu)灰色布(bu)紋瓦(wa)。靈安州(zhou)西南(nan)5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)奈曼(man)旗(qi)白(bai)音昌(chang)鄉半拉(la)城(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)(zi)村(cun)亦有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)遼(liao)代古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),規模略小于(yu)酒局(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)。靈安州(zhou)西南(nan)8公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)奈曼(man)旗(qi)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮斯布(bu)格圖村(cun),為遼(liao)陳國公(gong)(gong)(gong)主與(yu)驗馬(ma)合葬(zang)墓,該墓建(jian)筑宏(hong)偉,是(shi)(shi)迄今保存完整、出土文(wen)物豐富的(de)契丹大墓葬(zang)。
庫倫旗靈安州城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)規(gui)模較(jiao)(jiao)大, 城(cheng)(cheng)墻亦較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)大。由(you)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)土地(di)耕種, 南(nan)墻已被村落民宅占用, 東(dong)(dong)墻破(po)壞(huai)較(jiao)(jiao)重, 北(bei)(bei)墻也被風蝕和(he)(he)流水(shui)破(po)壞(huai),殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)座馬面(mian)和(he)(he)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)保存尚好, 高(gao)(gao)者可達20米。唯西(xi)(xi)墻保存甚好, 但城(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度也因西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)外風沙(sha)淤積而失去了原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度。因幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)來, 城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)辟為(wei)(wei)耕地(di), 對(dui)地(di)貌破(po)壞(huai)十(shi)(shi)分嚴重, 建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基址(zhi)多已無法辨清, 較(jiao)(jiao)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)是南(nan)門與北(bei)(bei)門相對(dui)有(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)直街(jie), 與東(dong)(dong)門內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)大街(jie)垂直, 形成城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)“ 十(shi)(shi)” 字形街(jie)道。東(dong)(dong)門大街(jie)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)兩側有(you)(you)排列(lie)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)整齊(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基址(zhi)。城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)靠西(xi)(xi)墻正中(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)址(zhi), 南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長60米,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬30米, 高(gao)(gao)出地(di)面(mian)2米。這一(yi)帶地(di)勢(shi)亦高(gao)(gao), 臺(tai)基上散布(bu)著許多綠釉瓦(wa)、溝滴、青磚(zhuan)、灰(hui)色布(bu)紋瓦(wa)等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)構件。從地(di)表遺(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)分布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)律看, 其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)似為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)向,并推(tui)斷(duan)此處為(wei)(wei)當(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寺廟。在古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)隅和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)隅各有(you)(you)一(yi)片(pian)低(di)洼地(di), 無任何遺(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)和(he)(he)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡,推(tui)斷(duan)可能是當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)泊。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei), 中(zhong)部以南(nan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)較(jiao)(jiao)多, 磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)、石塊(kuai)及各種陶片(pian)、瓷片(pian)遍地(di)皆是。
“當(dang)地(di)人們傳說在新中(zhong)國解放以前, 在古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)鋤(chu)地(di), 每次都可拾到大量(liang)的銅錢。城(cheng)(cheng)內遺(yi)物相(xiang)當(dang)豐富(fu), 青(qing)磚、灰(hui)瓦及其它建筑(zhu)構件俯(fu)拾皆(jie)是, 器(qi)物殘片亦隨處(chu)可見, 只因地(di)表(biao)久為(wei)耕地(di), 使地(di)表(biao)遺(yi)物破壞(huai)十分嚴重。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的西(xi)南(nan)隅(yu)和(he)西(xi)北(bei)隅(yu)各有一片低洼地(di),無任何遺(yi)物和(he)遺(yi)跡,推斷可能(neng)是當(dang)時(shi)的人工湖泊。”
古城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)不但(dan)陸(lu)續出土了蓮花(hua)瓦(wa)當、獸(shou)(shou)面瓦(wa)當、龍(long)紋瓦(wa)當、方(fang)磚、條磚、筒瓦(wa)、板瓦(wa)、琉(liu)璃滴水(shui)等建(jian)筑構(gou)件及(ji)龍(long)爪、獸(shou)(shou)頭、鳳尾等陶(tao)飾件。還出土了影青瓷(ci)碗、白(bai)瓷(ci)盤(pan)、定瓷(ci)盤(pan)、銅(tong)(tong)畫押印、銅(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)魚佩(pei)飾、石臼、石佛等珍貴文物(wu)。特別是(shi)(shi)出土紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)陽刻九疊(die)篆文“靈安州(zhou)(zhou)刺史印”一方(fang),為該(gai)城(cheng)定名為“靈安州(zhou)(zhou)”提供了詳實的(de)(de)(de)(de)佐證。與(yu)古城(cheng)遙相呼應,相映成輝的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)城(cheng)西(xi)官(guan)山主峰上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)址(zhi)和三個人工(gong)開鑿的(de)(de)(de)(de)三個石洞,即大(da)喇(la)嘛(ma)(ma)洞、二喇(la)嘛(ma)(ma)洞和三喇(la)嘛(ma)(ma)洞。大(da)喇(la)嘛(ma)(ma)洞有“此洞曰云光洞”六字墨(mo)書題(ti)(ti)記,三喇(la)嘛(ma)(ma)洞內(nei)(nei)側石壁(bi)則題(ti)(ti)有詩句。根(gen)據山下遺(yi)址(zhi)、山上(shang)(shang)遺(yi)跡所散(san)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)物(wu)與(yu)城(cheng)中(zhong)遺(yi)物(wu)相同, 說明山上(shang)(shang)山下遺(yi)跡與(yu)古城(cheng)是(shi)(shi)同時代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑, 應是(shi)(shi)遼(liao)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)于(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)之外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛寺(si)(si)或道觀。而個洞壁(bi)題(ti)(ti)記應為遼(liao)亡(wang)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)廢棄之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)閑散(san)文人所為。從(cong)官(guan)山寺(si)(si)廟(miao)址(zhi)和石窟址(zhi)可(ke)以看出,該(gai)地區在(zai)遼(liao)代(dai)(dai)時期經濟(ji)和文化都相當繁榮。從(cong)城(cheng)中(zhong)遺(yi)物(wu)和城(cheng)外(wai)遺(yi)跡推斷,此城(cheng)建(jian)于(yu)遼(liao)代(dai)(dai),金元沿用。
靈安州西南8公(gong)里奈曼旗青龍(long)山鎮斯布格圖村,為遼(liao)陳國公(gong)主與驗(yan)馬合葬墓(mu),該墓(mu)建筑宏偉,是迄今保存完整、出土文物(wu)豐富的契丹(dan)大墓(mu)葬。
靈安州(zhou)的(de)發現和確認,填補(bu)了《遼史》等史書對靈安州(zhou)失載,同時,對研究遼代(dai)社會地理區(qu)劃提供了地理方(fang)位。靈安州(zhou)城址周圍的(de)官山等有許多佛(fo)教(jiao)石(shi)窟(ku)寺(si)和寺(si)廟,可(ke)以(yi)推斷出州(zhou)城的(de)主(zhu)人可(ke)能是佛(fo)教(jiao)信徒。通過解讀(du)石(shi)窟(ku)寺(si)中的(de)文(wen)字、文(wen)物信息,可(ke)以(yi)了解遼代(dai)晚期(qi)佛(fo)教(jiao)在當時各(ge)地的(de)傳(chuan)播及發展變(bian)化。