大(da)辛莊(zhuang)遺(yi)(yi)址遺(yi)(yi)址,于1977年(nian)12月23日(ri)被公布為山東(dong)省重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。位于濟南(nan)市(shi)郊區(qu)王舍(she)人鎮(zhen)大(da)辛莊(zhuang)東(dong)南(nan)。地(di)勢由西(xi)南(nan)向北逐漸(jian)下傾,中間有(you)(you)一(yi)條東(dong)南(nan)斜向西(xi)北的(de)(de)自然溝壑,俗(su)稱蝎(xie)子溝,將(jiang)遺(yi)(yi)址分作(zuo)兩部(bu)分,總(zong)面積約30萬平方米。探得(de)文(wen)化層厚約2米,深處4米。自1935年(nian)遺(yi)(yi)址發(fa)(fa)現至本世紀80年(nian)代(dai)(dai)間歷經多次調查(cha)、勘探和(he)試掘。發(fa)(fa)現房(fang)址12座,水井8眼,墓(mu)葬42座。出土(tu)(tu)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)、石、骨、蚌、銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)700余件。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)高(gao)檔(dang)錐(zhui)足鬲、矮足鬲、圜底(di)尊、大(da)口尊、假腹(fu)豆等(deng),還發(fa)(fa)現釉陶(tao)(tao)(tao)和(he)刻紋(wen)白陶(tao)(tao)(tao);石器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)斧、刀、鐮等(deng);骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鏃、笄、匕等(deng);還有(you)(you)卜骨和(he)卜甲,但未(wei)見刻辭;銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為鏃、針、鋸等(deng)小件器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)墓(mu)葬有(you)(you)殉狗,這種(zhong)葬俗(su)同鄭州二里崗(gang)、安陽的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)墓(mu)葬相(xiang)同。1970年(nian),濟南(nan)市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)館在此收(shou)集到一(yi)批歷年(nian)出土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)青銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),包括(kuo)斛等(deng)酒器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),戈(ge)、鏃等(deng)兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及斧、刀、車具等(deng);1984年(nian),又收(shou)集到一(yi)批器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu),青銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鼎、觚、爵(jue)、戈(ge)等(deng);玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鉞(yue)、虎、 等(deng),均為隨葬品(pin)。出土(tu)(tu)和(he)收(shou)集的(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu),與安陽殷(yin)墟殷(yin)代(dai)(dai)典型器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)并無區(qu)別,也有(you)(you)一(yi)些與鄭州二里崗(gang)上層出土(tu)(tu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)近似(si)。該(gai)遺(yi)(yi)址是迄今(jin)發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)中期中原地(di)區(qu)商(shang)(shang)文(wen)化向東(dong)推進(jin)較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)據點,對于商(shang)(shang)文(wen)化及商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)夷商(shang)(shang)關系的(de)(de)研究,具有(you)(you)極為重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)意義。
遺址的(de)商代(dai)文化堆積一般(ban)厚1米(mi)左右,厚的(de)達4米(mi)。試掘中沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)發現(xian)(xian)居住遺跡。遺物有(you)(you)(you)陶器(qi)、石器(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)和(he)(he)銅(tong)器(qi)。陶器(qi)的(de)器(qi)形有(you)(you)(you)鬲(li)、□、豆、簋、罐(guan)、盆等,見有(you)(you)(you)硬(ying)陶、原(yuan)始(shi)瓷(ci)器(qi)和(he)(he)白陶的(de)殘片。石器(qi)有(you)(you)(you)斧、錛、刀、鐮。骨(gu)器(qi)有(you)(you)(you)笄和(he)(he)鏃(zu)。此外發現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)卜(bu)骨(gu)和(he)(he)卜(bu)甲,卜(bu)骨(gu)有(you)(you)(you)鉆、灼而無鑿,也不見刻辭(ci)。銅(tong)器(qi)只發現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)鏃(zu)、針和(he)(he)鋸(ju)等小件器(qi)物。1970年(nian)(nian)曾發現(xian)(xian)一批(pi)青銅(tong)器(qi),有(you)(you)(you)觚和(he)(he)2件銅(tong)戈等,可能(neng)是墓葬(zang)的(de)隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin),年(nian)(nian)代(dai)相(xiang)當于殷墟早期。
在2003年的(de)發(fa)掘中發(fa)現甲骨文,為國內除殷墟外發(fa)現。
在2010年的考古(gu)發(fa)掘(jue)中(zhong)發(fa)現豪華商(shang)代大墓,出土10多件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)青銅器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)包括鼎(ding)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盉(音(yin)(yin)和(he))2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、爵1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斝(音(yin)(yin)甲)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、卣(音(yin)(yin)有)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、罍(音(yin)(yin)壘)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斗1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鉞(yue)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、矛2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、钁(音(yin)(yin)絕)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),另有大型石磬(qing)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。其中(zhong)商(shang)代圓鼎(ding)備受專家關(guan)注。該鼎(ding)直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)40厘(li)米,通高(gao)60厘(li)米,堪與(yu)鄭(zheng)州商(shang)城出土同(tong)(tong)期大鼎(ding)相(xiang)媲美(mei),應為(wei)(wei)當時(shi)的重(zhong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),也是此次(ci)發(fa)掘(jue)出來的國寶(bao);一對銅盉,紋飾(shi)精(jing)美(mei),器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)獨特,前(qian)所(suo)未見,表(biao)現了(le)極高(gao)的鑄造工藝水平;一件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)銅鉞(yue),形(xing)體碩大,器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身厚重(zhong),為(wei)(wei)商(shang)代前(qian)期同(tong)(tong)類器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)大的一件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),反映了(le)墓主人較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的身份等級。