大(da)辛莊(zhuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi),于1977年(nian)(nian)12月23日被(bei)公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)山東(dong)(dong)省重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保護單位(wei)。位(wei)于濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)市郊區(qu)王舍人鎮大(da)辛莊(zhuang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)。地勢(shi)由西(xi)南(nan)向北逐漸下傾(qing),中間有(you)(you)一(yi)條東(dong)(dong)南(nan)斜向西(xi)北的自然溝壑(he),俗稱蝎子(zi)溝,將遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)分(fen)作兩部(bu)分(fen),總面積(ji)約30萬平方米(mi)。探得文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層厚約2米(mi),深處(chu)4米(mi)。自1935年(nian)(nian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)發(fa)現(xian)至本世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)間歷經多(duo)次調查、勘探和試(shi)掘。發(fa)現(xian)房址(zhi)12座,水井8眼,墓(mu)葬42座。出(chu)土陶(tao)、石、骨、蚌、銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)700余件(jian)。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)高檔錐(zhui)足鬲(li)、矮足鬲(li)、圜底尊(zun)、大(da)口尊(zun)、假腹豆等(deng),還(huan)發(fa)現(xian)釉陶(tao)和刻紋白(bai)陶(tao);石器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)斧、刀(dao)、鐮等(deng);骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鏃(zu)、笄、匕等(deng);還(huan)有(you)(you)卜骨和卜甲,但未見(jian)刻辭;銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)鏃(zu)、針、鋸等(deng)小件(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。有(you)(you)的墓(mu)葬有(you)(you)殉狗(gou),這種葬俗同(tong)鄭(zheng)州二里崗、安陽的商(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)墓(mu)葬相同(tong)。1970年(nian)(nian),濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)市博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館在此收集到一(yi)批歷年(nian)(nian)出(chu)土的青銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi),包(bao)括斛等(deng)酒器(qi)(qi)(qi),戈、鏃(zu)等(deng)兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)及斧、刀(dao)、車具(ju)等(deng);1984年(nian)(nian),又收集到一(yi)批器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),青銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鼎、觚、爵、戈等(deng);玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鉞、虎、 等(deng),均為(wei)(wei)隨葬品。出(chu)土和收集的器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),與安陽殷墟殷代(dai)(dai)(dai)典型器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)并無區(qu)別,也有(you)(you)一(yi)些與鄭(zheng)州二里崗上層出(chu)土器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)近似。該遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是迄今發(fa)現(xian)的商(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)中期(qi)中原(yuan)地區(qu)商(shang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)向東(dong)(dong)推進較遠的據(ju)點,對于商(shang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)及商(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)夷(yi)商(shang)關系的研究,具(ju)有(you)(you)極為(wei)(wei)重要的意義。
遺(yi)址的(de)商代文化堆積一般厚1米左(zuo)右,厚的(de)達4米。試掘中(zhong)沒有(you)發(fa)現居(ju)住遺(yi)跡。遺(yi)物有(you)陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)鬲、□、豆(dou)、簋(gui)、罐、盆等(deng),見有(you)硬陶、原始瓷器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)白(bai)陶的(de)殘(can)片。石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)斧、錛、刀(dao)、鐮。骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)笄和(he)鏃(zu)。此外發(fa)現有(you)卜骨(gu)和(he)卜甲,卜骨(gu)有(you)鉆(zhan)、灼(zhuo)而(er)無鑿(zao),也不見刻辭。銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)只發(fa)現有(you)鏃(zu)、針和(he)鋸(ju)等(deng)小(xiao)件(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物。1970年(nian)(nian)曾發(fa)現一批青銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi),有(you)觚和(he)2件(jian)銅(tong)戈等(deng),可能是墓葬的(de)隨葬品,年(nian)(nian)代相當于(yu)殷墟(xu)早期。
在2003年的發(fa)掘(jue)中發(fa)現甲(jia)骨文,為國內除殷墟外發(fa)現。
在2010年(nian)的(de)考古發掘(jue)中發現(xian)(xian)豪(hao)華商(shang)代大(da)(da)墓,出土(tu)10多件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)青銅器(qi)(qi),器(qi)(qi)形(xing)包括鼎(ding)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盉(he)(音(yin)和(he))2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、爵(jue)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斝(音(yin)甲)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、卣(音(yin)有(you))1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、罍(音(yin)壘(lei))1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斗(dou)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鉞(yue)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、矛2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、钁(jue)(音(yin)絕(jue))1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),另有(you)大(da)(da)型石(shi)磬1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),玉器(qi)(qi)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。其中商(shang)代圓(yuan)鼎(ding)備受專家關(guan)注。該鼎(ding)直(zhi)徑(jing)為40厘米,通高(gao)60厘米,堪與鄭(zheng)州商(shang)城出土(tu)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)鼎(ding)相(xiang)媲美(mei),應為當時(shi)的(de)重器(qi)(qi),也(ye)是此次(ci)發掘(jue)出來的(de)國(guo)寶;一(yi)(yi)對銅盉(he),紋飾精美(mei),器(qi)(qi)形(xing)獨(du)特(te),前所(suo)未見,表現(xian)(xian)了極高(gao)的(de)鑄造工藝(yi)水(shui)平;一(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)銅鉞(yue),形(xing)體碩(shuo)大(da)(da),器(qi)(qi)身厚重,為商(shang)代前期(qi)(qi)同(tong)類器(qi)(qi)中較大(da)(da)的(de)一(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),反映了墓主人較高(gao)的(de)身份等級。