芒果视频下载

山西代縣阿(a)育王塔，坐(zuo)落(luo)在代縣城內古城圓果寺內，俗稱白塔。與邊靖(jing)樓遙相(xiang)對(dui)峙(zhi)，競(jing)相(xiang)爭(zheng)高(gao)。 始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)隋仁壽元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)601年(nian)(nian)），原(yuan)為(wei)木結構，稱“龍(long)興”，唐會昌二年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)842年(nian)(nian)）滅佛塔大中元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)847年(nian)(nian)）重建(jian)，改“龍(long)興”為(wei)“圓果”。

發展歷史

北(bei)(bei)宋元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐二年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1079年(nian)）被焚，崇寧元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1102年(nian)）又建，南宋嘉定十(shi)一年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1079年(nian)）元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兵南下再毀(hui)，自建600多(duo)年(nian)中歷遭三劫，于(yu)(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)二年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1275年(nian)）改建為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)塔。塔為(wei)(wei)圓錐(zhui)體、佛(fo)教藏(zang)式(shi)造型(xing)。塔基平面為(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)方形，南北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)50米(mi)，東西30米(mi)，高(gao)1．5米(mi)，塔建于(yu)(yu)塔基正中央。塔平面為(wei)(wei)圓形，磚(zhuan)砌，周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)60米(mi)，高(gao)40米(mi)。作覆(fu)仰蓮(lian)瓣及重澀混肚(du)與方澀的須彌(mi)座(zuo)式(shi)，雕刻(ke)著各種花(hua)飾、荷瓣和印度的“陀羅(luo)尼經”。塔身上施曲(qu)尺(chi)形彌(mi)座(zuo)，座(zuo)上承剎桿(gan)。原有磚(zhuan)作相(xiang)輪十(shi)三層，兩層已毀(hui)，上覆(fu)蓋盤，中裝金頂(ding)寶珠(zhu)。造型(xing)秀美(mei)，雄健挺(ting)拔，雕藝高(gao)超，為(wei)(wei)我國藏(zang)式(shi)塔中之(zhi)佳作。

元(yuan)至(zhi)元(yuan)十(shi)二年（公元(yuan)1275年）改建為(wei)磚塔(ta)。塔(ta)為(wei)圓(yuan)錐體、佛教(jiao)藏式(shi)造(zao)(zao)型。塔(ta)基平面為(wei)長方形，南北長50米(mi)，東西30米(mi)，高1．5米(mi)，塔(ta)建于(yu)塔(ta)基正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)央。塔(ta)平面為(wei)圓(yuan)形，磚砌，周長60米(mi)，高40米(mi)。作覆(fu)仰(yang)蓮瓣(ban)及重澀混肚與(yu)方澀的須彌(mi)座式(shi)，雕(diao)刻著各種花(hua)飾(shi)、荷瓣(ban)和印(yin)度的“陀羅尼經”。塔(ta)身上施曲尺形彌(mi)座，座上承剎桿(gan)。原有(you)磚作相(xiang)輪十(shi)三(san)層(ceng)，兩層(ceng)已(yi)毀，上覆(fu)蓋盤，中(zhong)(zhong)裝金頂(ding)寶珠。造(zao)(zao)型秀美，雄健挺拔，雕(diao)藝高超，為(wei)我國(guo)藏式(shi)塔(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)之佳(jia)作。

主要景點

阿育王(wang)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)由主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)(he)附(fu)(fu)屬(shu)小塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)構成(cheng)，全用(yong)(yong)(yong)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)。主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)四(si)隅各(ge)(ge)(ge)附(fu)(fu)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)扇(shan)六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)亭(ting)狀小塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，小塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)環抱(bao)主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，高低錯落，主次相(xiang)(xiang)依，精(jing)巧華麗(li)，壯(zhuang)觀秀逸主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)樓閣(ge)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑，通高31．5米，共分四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)下均配置華麗(li)的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)仿(fang)木(mu)構斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)作(zuo)(zuo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)，底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)磚(zhuan)制(zhi)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)，北(bei)(bei)側(ce)辟一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)券(quan)門(men)(men)。二三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均設(she)平(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)。除(chu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)辟拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)券(quan)門(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，還(huan)在(zai)各(ge)(ge)(ge)側(ce)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)雕(diao)(diao)以斜(xie)(xie)欞(ling)假窗(chuang)(chuang)、方(fang)形(xing)佛(fo)龕。第三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)甚大，而塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)顯著(zhu)縮小，檐(yan)上(shang)(shang)拐角(jiao)(jiao)處均雕(diao)(diao)力(li)士像(xiang)，以承(cheng)托塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)第四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)略呈(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)形(xing)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)觀如同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)錐體。這是(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)主要(yao)部(bu)分，也是(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)精(jing)華所在(zai)，其(qi)高度約占全塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)通高的(de)(de)三(san)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。圓(yuan)錐體內(nei)檐(yan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)室(shi)供奉兩尊石(shi)(shi)佛(fo)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)檐(yan)以八(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)垂線為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，交(jiao)錯彩塑菩薩(sa)、力(li)士禽獸、獅、象以及(ji)樓臺亭(ting)閣(ge)等形(xing)象，題材廣泛、構圖(tu)新穎、排(pai)列(lie)有(you)(you)(you)序、做(zuo)工精(jing)巧。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，尤以動物造(zao)型最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)逼真(zhen)，兇猛的(de)(de)獅子(zi)、僳悍的(de)(de)大象、欲躍的(de)(de)青(qing)蛙，無(wu)不(bu)生動傳(chuan)神，活(huo)(huo)靈活(huo)(huo)現。第四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)周身(shen)(shen)如同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)組雕(diao)(diao)塑藝術群，五(wu)光十色、光絕奪目。該層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)端以磚(zhuan)刻(ke)制(zhi)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)橡(xiang)子(zi)、披子(zi)，上(shang)(shang)覆八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)亭(ting)式(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)檐(yan)，再上(shang)(shang)則冠以八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)攢(zan)尖形(xing)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)剎(cha).塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)置階梯，酷暑季節，游(you)人登(deng)臨第三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)，頓覺涼風習(xi)(xi)習(xi)(xi)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)由主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)(he)附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)組合(he)而成(cheng),坐在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)形(xing)基臺上(shang)(shang)，總平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)，四(si)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通寬6.2米，四(si)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬3.5米，中(zhong)(zhong)央為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),四(si)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各(ge)(ge)(ge)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬1.36米的(de)(de)內(nei)回廊。附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂原(yuan)飾有(you)(you)(you)小嘛(ma)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，現已不(bu)存(cun)。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)扁六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)亭(ting)狀的(de)(de)單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)套室(shi)，套室(shi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)影刻(ke)的(de)(de)破(po)子(zi)欞(ling)窗(chuang)(chuang)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)轉角(jiao)(jiao)處有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)依柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)配置闌(lan)(lan)(lan)額斗(dou)(dou)。四(si)個斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)聯墻構成(cheng)主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)副(fu)階，中(zhong)(zhong)間各(ge)(ge)(ge)辟圓(yuan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)，單(dan)檐(yan)布(bu)瓦頂。主塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)砌(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)仿(fang)木(mu)構建(jian)筑，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)，4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓閣(ge)式(shi)(shi)，殘高33米。1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)北(bei)(bei)壁(bi)開門(men)(men)，正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)條石(shi)(shi)踏垛登(deng)至(zhi)(zhi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南門(men)(men)。檐(yan)下設(she)斗(dou)(dou)，2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)副(fu)階周匝(平(ping)座(zuo)(zuo))，每面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)三(san)開間，表現形(xing)式(shi)(shi)是(shi)當(dang)心(xin)(xin)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)門(men)(men)，次間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)方(fang)格或六(liu)棱格方(fang)欞(ling)窗(chuang)(chuang)，下有(you)(you)(you)地，圓(yuan)形(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎，窗(chuang)(chuang)刻(ke)出(chu)障水(shui)版及(ji)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)心(xin)(xin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)雙杪(miao)五(wu)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)斗(dou)(dou)以托椽飛屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)(xin)室(shi)頂部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十字形(xing)覆斗(dou)(dou)藻井。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)設(she)副(fu)階，由2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)屋(wu)頂承(cheng)托大瓣仰蓮八(ba)(ba)(ba)方(fang)形(xing)平(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)驟小。八(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)根(gen)角(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)地及(ji)圓(yuan)形(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎，正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以青(qing)石(shi)(shi)砌(qi)(qi)方(fang)門(men)(men)，余者皆設(she)假門(men)(men)和(he)(he)斜(xie)(xie)方(fang)格欞(ling)條坎窗(chuang)(chuang)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙杪(miao)五(wu)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)斗(dou)(dou)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)均出(chu)60°斜(xie)(xie)，1～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間只用(yong)(yong)(yong)闌(lan)(lan)(lan)額一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)上(shang)(shang)接(jie)八(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)錐體，刻(ke)塑出(chu)虎、獅、象、龍和(he)(he)佛(fo)、菩薩(sa)等形(xing)象。其(qi)做(zuo)法是(shi)先用(yong)(yong)(yong)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)出(chu)內(nei)胎，略加刻(ke)制(zhi)，然后在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以泥土精(jing)心(xin)(xin)塑制(zhi)。頂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陡峻的(de)(de)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)攢(zan)尖，檐(yan)下在(zai)闌(lan)(lan)(lan)額之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)普柏枋(fang)，枋(fang)至(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)出(chu)頭相(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)，所用(yong)(yong)(yong)斜(xie)(xie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)45°，頭做(zuo)成(cheng)順間斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。剎(cha)殘，現存(cun)八(ba)(ba)(ba)瓣仰蓮座(zuo)(zuo)。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)(xin)室(shi)北(bei)(bei)壁(bi)前并列(lie)2尊石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)釋迦(jia)多寶(bao)佛(fo)像(xiang)，佛(fo)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)貞觀二年為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太宗皇帝(di)壽誕造(zao)像(xiang)的(de)(de)題記。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南門(men)(men)邊(bian)框上(shang)(shang)保存(cun)著(zhu)唐代線刻(ke)云紋，表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)留有(you)(you)(you)宋代游(you)人的(de)(de)題刻(ke)等。