芒果视频下载

山西代縣阿育(yu)王塔(ta)，坐落(luo)在代縣城內古(gu)城圓(yuan)果寺(si)內，俗稱(cheng)白塔(ta)。與(yu)邊靖樓(lou)遙相對峙，競相爭高。 始建于(yu)隋仁壽元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)601年(nian)），原為(wei)木結構，稱(cheng)“龍興(xing)”，唐(tang)會(hui)昌(chang)二年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)842年(nian)）滅佛塔(ta)大(da)中元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)847年(nian)）重建，改“龍興(xing)”為(wei)“圓(yuan)果”。

發展歷史

北(bei)宋元(yuan)(yuan)豐二(er)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1079年）被焚，崇寧元(yuan)(yuan)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1102年）又建，南宋嘉(jia)定(ding)十一(yi)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1079年）元(yuan)(yuan)兵南下再毀(hui)，自(zi)建600多年中(zhong)歷遭三劫，于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)十二(er)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1275年）改(gai)建為磚塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)為圓錐體、佛教藏式(shi)造(zao)型。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基平面(mian)為長(chang)方形(xing)，南北(bei)長(chang)50米(mi)，東西(xi)30米(mi)，高1．5米(mi)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)建于(yu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基正中(zhong)央。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)平面(mian)為圓形(xing)，磚砌，周長(chang)60米(mi)，高40米(mi)。作(zuo)覆仰蓮瓣(ban)及重(zhong)澀混(hun)肚與方澀的須彌(mi)(mi)座(zuo)式(shi)，雕(diao)刻著各種花飾、荷瓣(ban)和印(yin)度的“陀羅尼經”。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身上施曲尺形(xing)彌(mi)(mi)座(zuo)，座(zuo)上承(cheng)剎桿(gan)。原有磚作(zuo)相輪十三層，兩層已毀(hui)，上覆蓋盤(pan)，中(zhong)裝金頂寶珠。造(zao)型秀(xiu)美，雄健挺(ting)拔，雕(diao)藝高超，為我國(guo)藏式(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)之佳作(zuo)。

元(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)二年（公元(yuan)(yuan)1275年）改建為(wei)(wei)磚塔(ta)(ta)。塔(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)圓錐體、佛教藏式造型。塔(ta)(ta)基平面為(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)，南北(bei)長(chang)(chang)50米(mi)，東西30米(mi)，高1．5米(mi)，塔(ta)(ta)建于(yu)塔(ta)(ta)基正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)央。塔(ta)(ta)平面為(wei)(wei)圓形(xing)(xing)，磚砌(qi)，周長(chang)(chang)60米(mi)，高40米(mi)。作覆仰(yang)蓮瓣及重(zhong)澀混肚與方澀的(de)須彌座式，雕(diao)刻著(zhu)各(ge)種花飾(shi)、荷瓣和印度的(de)“陀羅尼經”。塔(ta)(ta)身(shen)上施曲尺形(xing)(xing)彌座，座上承剎桿。原有磚作相(xiang)輪十(shi)三層，兩層已(yi)毀，上覆蓋盤，中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)金頂寶(bao)珠(zhu)。造型秀美，雄健挺拔，雕(diao)藝高超，為(wei)(wei)我國藏式塔(ta)(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)之佳作。

主要景點

阿(a)育(yu)王塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)由主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)附(fu)(fu)(fu)屬小塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)構(gou)成，全用(yong)磚砌。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)四(si)(si)隅各(ge)(ge)附(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)一(yi)座(zuo)扇六角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形亭狀(zhuang)小塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，小塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)環抱(bao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，高(gao)(gao)低錯落(luo)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)次相(xiang)依，精(jing)巧華麗，壯觀秀(xiu)逸主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)樓閣(ge)(ge)式(shi)建(jian)筑，通(tong)高(gao)(gao)31．5米，共分(fen)四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)下(xia)均(jun)(jun)配置(zhi)華麗的(de)磚仿木(mu)構(gou)斗拱(gong)。一(yi)至三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)作八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形，底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)部磚制(zhi)斗拱(gong)，北側(ce)辟(pi)(pi)一(yi)券門(men)。二三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均(jun)(jun)設(she)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)。除各(ge)(ge)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)辟(pi)(pi)拱(gong)形券門(men)外(wai)(wai)，還(huan)在(zai)(zai)各(ge)(ge)側(ce)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)雕(diao)(diao)以(yi)(yi)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)欞(ling)(ling)假(jia)窗、方(fang)形佛龕。第(di)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)甚大，而塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身顯著(zhu)縮小，檐(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)拐角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處均(jun)(jun)雕(diao)(diao)力士像(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)承(cheng)托塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身的(de)第(di)四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)略呈圓(yuan)形，外(wai)(wai)觀如同一(yi)圓(yuan)錐體。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要部分(fen)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)精(jing)華所在(zai)(zai)，其(qi)高(gao)(gao)度約占(zhan)全塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)通(tong)高(gao)(gao)的(de)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。圓(yuan)錐體內(nei)(nei)檐(yan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)室(shi)(shi)(shi)供奉兩尊(zun)石佛，外(wai)(wai)檐(yan)以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)垂線為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，交(jiao)錯彩(cai)塑菩薩、力士禽(qin)獸(shou)、獅(shi)(shi)、象(xiang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)樓臺亭閣(ge)(ge)等形象(xiang)，題材廣泛、構(gou)圖新(xin)穎、排(pai)列(lie)有序、做工精(jing)巧。其(qi)中(zhong)，尤(you)以(yi)(yi)動物造型最為(wei)逼真，兇猛(meng)的(de)獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)、僳悍的(de)大象(xiang)、欲(yu)躍的(de)青(qing)蛙(wa)，無不(bu)生動傳神，活靈活現(xian)。第(di)四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)周身如同一(yi)組雕(diao)(diao)塑藝術群，五光十色、光絕奪(duo)目。該(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)以(yi)(yi)磚刻(ke)(ke)制(zhi)斗拱(gong)橡子(zi)、披子(zi)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)覆(fu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亭式(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)檐(yan)，再(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)則(ze)冠(guan)以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖(jian)形塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)剎(cha).塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身一(yi)至三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)置(zhi)階(jie)梯，酷暑季節，游人登臨第(di)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)，頓(dun)覺(jue)涼風(feng)習習。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)由主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)組合而成,坐(zuo)在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)方(fang)形基(ji)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)，總平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形，四(si)(si)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通(tong)寬(kuan)6.2米，四(si)(si)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)3.5米，中(zhong)央為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),四(si)(si)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各(ge)(ge)建(jian)一(yi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)為(wei)寬(kuan)1.36米的(de)內(nei)(nei)回廊。附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)原飾(shi)有小嘛塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，現(xian)已不(bu)存(cun)。下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)一(yi)扁六角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形亭狀(zhuang)的(de)單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)套室(shi)(shi)(shi)，套室(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有影(ying)刻(ke)(ke)的(de)破子(zi)欞(ling)(ling)窗，各(ge)(ge)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處有磚砌依柱(zhu)，柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)配置(zhi)闌(lan)額(e)斗。四(si)(si)個斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)聯墻(qiang)構(gou)成主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)副(fu)階(jie)，中(zhong)間(jian)各(ge)(ge)辟(pi)(pi)圓(yuan)拱(gong)門(men)，單(dan)檐(yan)布瓦頂(ding)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)磚雕(diao)(diao)砌的(de)仿木(mu)構(gou)建(jian)筑，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形，4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓閣(ge)(ge)式(shi)，殘高(gao)(gao)33米。1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)北壁開門(men)，正(zheng)中(zhong)有條(tiao)石踏垛登至2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南(nan)門(men)。檐(yan)下(xia)設(she)斗，2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)外(wai)(wai)為(wei)副(fu)階(jie)周匝(平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo))，每(mei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)三(san)(san)開間(jian)，表現(xian)形式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)心(xin)(xin)間(jian)為(wei)方(fang)門(men)，次間(jian)為(wei)正(zheng)方(fang)格或六棱(leng)格方(fang)欞(ling)(ling)窗，下(xia)有地(di)，圓(yuan)形柱(zhu)礎(chu)，窗刻(ke)(ke)出障(zhang)水版及(ji)柱(zhu)心(xin)(xin)柱(zhu)。檐(yan)柱(zhu)承(cheng)雙杪五鋪(pu)(pu)作斗以(yi)(yi)托椽(chuan)飛屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)(xin)室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)部為(wei)十字形覆(fu)斗藻井。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)設(she)副(fu)階(jie)，由2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)屋頂(ding)承(cheng)托大瓣(ban)仰(yang)蓮(lian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)方(fang)形平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身驟小。八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)根角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)，用(yong)地(di)及(ji)圓(yuan)形柱(zhu)礎(chu)，正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)青(qing)石砌方(fang)門(men)，余者皆設(she)假(jia)門(men)和(he)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)方(fang)格欞(ling)(ling)條(tiao)坎窗。柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)亦為(wei)雙杪五鋪(pu)(pu)作斗，各(ge)(ge)鋪(pu)(pu)作均(jun)(jun)出60°斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)，1～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)頭之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)只用(yong)闌(lan)額(e)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)接八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)錐體，刻(ke)(ke)塑出虎(hu)、獅(shi)(shi)、象(xiang)、龍和(he)佛、菩薩等形象(xiang)。其(qi)做法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先用(yong)磚砌出內(nei)(nei)胎，略加刻(ke)(ke)制(zhi)，然(ran)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)泥土精(jing)心(xin)(xin)塑制(zhi)。頂(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)陡峻的(de)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖(jian)，檐(yan)下(xia)在(zai)(zai)闌(lan)額(e)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)用(yong)普柏枋，枋至角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)出頭相(xiang)交(jiao)，所用(yong)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)為(wei)45°，頭做成順間(jian)斜(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。剎(cha)殘，現(xian)存(cun)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)瓣(ban)仰(yang)蓮(lian)座(zuo)。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)(xin)室(shi)(shi)(shi)北壁前并列(lie)2尊(zun)石雕(diao)(diao)釋迦多寶佛像(xiang)，佛座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)枋刻(ke)(ke)有貞觀二年為(wei)太(tai)宗(zong)皇帝壽誕造像(xiang)的(de)題記。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南(nan)門(men)邊框上(shang)(shang)(shang)保存(cun)著(zhu)唐代線刻(ke)(ke)云紋，表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)留有宋代游人的(de)題刻(ke)(ke)等。