霍州(zhou)觀音廟(第六批國保)
時代:元至清
地址(zhi):霍州市趙家莊村
2006年5月(yue)被定(ding)為第(di)六批國家文物保護單位的(de)(de)霍州觀音廟是(shi)集儒、釋、道為一體(ti)的(de)(de)典型的(de)(de)寺廟綜合建(jian)筑。
簡介
儒家(jia)講格物致知,誠(cheng)意(yi)正(zheng)心(xin);佛家(jia)講明心(xin)見(jian)性,即心(xin)即佛;道家(jia)講返本(ben)歸真,清凈無為。三者乃殊途同歸,足見(jian)菩薩在大眾心(xin)目中(zhong)的地位。此(ci)廟(miao)中(zhong)土地殿規(gui)模雖小,但據歷史記載始建(jian)于宋代,三圣殿、山門(men)、觀音殿、過街閣(ge)樓(lou)、文昌閣(ge)等均創建(jian)于元(yuan)、明時期,后歷代屢有修葺。
構建特色
觀音廟(miao)(miao)(miao)院(yuan)坐北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan)(nan),總體布(bu)(bu)局為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)條平行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian),符合了中國傳統(tong)的(de)對稱理念。其(qi)(qi)東軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)進(jin)院(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)分布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)門(men)、三圣(sheng)殿(dian),東側有(you)(you)(you)(you)廂房、廊屋、耳殿(dian),東南(nan)(nan)(nan)角二(er)(er)層有(you)(you)(you)(you)文昌閣(ge)(ge)(ge)。西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)進(jin)院(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)分布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、戲臺(tai)(tai)、過(guo)殿(dian)、觀音殿(dian)(分正殿(dian)和東西(xi)(xi)配(pei)殿(dian)),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)側分布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)廊屋。其(qi)(qi)三圣(sheng)殿(dian)與觀音殿(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間建有(you)(you)(you)(you)土(tu)地(di)殿(dian)。西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角留有(you)(you)(you)(you)便(bian)門(men),平時(shi)(shi)進(jin)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)多走此(ci)門(men),這是一(yi)座典型(xing)的(de)正方形廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇,其(qi)(qi)莊(zhuang)嚴肅穆可見一(yi)斑。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)院(yuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)總長(chang)47米(mi),東西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)43米(mi),占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)2021平方米(mi)。現(xian)存有(you)(you)(you)(you)宋、元、明、清不同時(shi)(shi)期(qi)大小(xiao)殿(dian)八座,均(jun)為(wei)(wei)筒(tong)瓦(wa)硬山(shan)(shan)頂式建筑,琉璃瓦(wa)脊(ji)。西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)正南(nan)(nan)(nan)元代過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)“彘川鎮河”神龕閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),坐北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan)(nan),全(quan)木(mu)(mu)結構,底為(wei)(wei)柱廊式過(guo)街(jie)通道,上(shang)鋪木(mu)(mu)板,設柵欄,神龕臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂為(wei)(wei)重檐歇山(shan)(shan)頂,琉璃剪邊(bian),灰瓦(wa)覆(fu)蓋。頂部正吻題記“昊(hao)川雄鎮”四字,閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梁架結構多為(wei)(wei)元代遺構。據大明嘉靖(jing)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)重修碑文記載(zai):“……前樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一(yi)葺,形勢壯觀,東距霍山(shan)(shan),西(xi)(xi)臨汾水,北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)崗(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)平川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,喬木(mu)(mu)巍峨,陰(yin)木(mu)(mu)華蓋,雖盛暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),涼風可以解(jie)吾心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慍,野景可娛吾目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歡(huan),誠妥神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)地(di),即郡廟(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠也。……”此(ci)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)確實具有(you)(you)(you)(you)很高(gao)的(de)歷史、藝術(shu)和科學(xue)研究價值。明初(chu)(chu),閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)北(bei)側建起一(yi)坐南(nan)(nan)(nan)向北(bei)戲臺(tai)(tai),前為(wei)(wei)卷棚頂,用磚做(zuo)基(ji)座。戲臺(tai)(tai)與閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)緊緊相依,渾(hun)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,組(zu)成戲臺(tai)(tai),名為(wei)(wei)“賽蜃(shen)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)”。此(ci)后,閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)便(bian)作為(wei)(wei)觀音廟(miao)(miao)(miao)戲臺(tai)(tai)的(de)后臺(tai)(tai)而用。從元代以后為(wei)(wei)歷代掌管(guan)(guan)水利部門(men)占用,一(yi)直到解(jie)放初(chu)(chu)期(qi),解(jie)放后為(wei)(wei)學(xue)校所占,用至1994年(nian),1994年(nian)以來,由觀音廟(miao)(miao)(miao)義務保護小(xiao)組(zu)管(guan)(guan)理。
解放(fang)初,廟內塑(su)像被(bei)毀,直到1995年,由(you)廣大信眾集資重塑(su)觀音菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、眼光菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、送(song)子菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、藥師佛(fo)、關圣帝(di)君、玉皇大帝(di)、利(li)市(shi)仙宮、東海(hai)龍王、土地翁、婆(po)、文昌帝(di)君等塑(su)像,1998年又(you)雕刻漢白玉觀音菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)像一尊(zun),立于過(guo)殿(dian),使(shi)觀音廟又(you)恢(hui)復了往日的興旺景象。