霍州觀音廟(第六批(pi)國保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍州市趙(zhao)家莊(zhuang)村
2006年5月被定(ding)為第六批國家文物保護單(dan)位(wei)的(de)霍州觀(guan)音廟是集儒、釋、道為一體(ti)的(de)典型的(de)寺廟綜合建筑。
簡介
儒家講(jiang)格物(wu)致知,誠意正心;佛家講(jiang)明心見性,即心即佛;道(dao)家講(jiang)返本(ben)歸真,清凈無為。三者乃殊途同歸,足(zu)見菩(pu)薩(sa)在大(da)眾心目(mu)中的地位。此廟(miao)中土(tu)地殿規模雖小(xiao),但據歷(li)史記(ji)載始建于宋(song)代,三圣殿、山門(men)、觀音殿、過街閣樓(lou)、文(wen)昌(chang)閣等(deng)均創建于元、明時期,后歷(li)代屢有修葺(qi)。
構建特色
觀(guan)音(yin)廟院(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan),總體(ti)布(bu)局為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)條平行軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian),符合了(le)中國傳統的(de)對稱理念。其(qi)東(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上分布(bu)有(you)山門、三圣(sheng)殿(dian),東(dong)側有(you)廂房、廊(lang)屋(wu)、耳殿(dian),東(dong)南(nan)(nan)角二層有(you)文(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)。西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上分布(bu)有(you)過(guo)街閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)、戲臺、過(guo)殿(dian)、觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(分正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)和東(dong)西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)),軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)側分布(bu)有(you)廊(lang)屋(wu)。其(qi)三圣(sheng)殿(dian)與(yu)觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)間建(jian)有(you)土地(di)殿(dian)。西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角留(liu)有(you)便門,平時進(jin)廟多(duo)走此(ci)門,這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)典型(xing)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)方形廟宇,其(qi)莊嚴(yan)肅穆可見一(yi)斑。廟院(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)總長47米,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)43米,占(zhan)地(di)面積2021平方米。現存有(you)宋、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清不同時期(qi)大小殿(dian)八(ba)座(zuo),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)筒瓦硬山頂(ding)(ding)式(shi)建(jian)筑,琉璃瓦脊。西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)正(zheng)(zheng)南(nan)(nan)元(yuan)代(dai)過(guo)街閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)“彘川(chuan)(chuan)鎮河”神(shen)龕(kan)閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou),坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan),全木結(jie)構(gou),底為(wei)(wei)(wei)柱廊(lang)式(shi)過(guo)街通道,上鋪木板,設柵欄,神(shen)龕(kan)臺基。樓(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重檐歇山頂(ding)(ding),琉璃剪邊,灰瓦覆蓋。頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)吻(wen)題記“昊川(chuan)(chuan)雄(xiong)鎮”四字(zi),閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)梁架(jia)結(jie)構(gou)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)代(dai)遺構(gou)。據大明(ming)嘉靖二十二年重修碑(bei)文(wen)記載:“……前(qian)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)葺,形勢壯觀(guan),東(dong)距霍山,西(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾水,北(bei)有(you)高崗之(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)(nan)有(you)平川(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)望,喬木巍峨,陰木華(hua)蓋,雖盛(sheng)暑之(zhi)(zhi)時,涼風可以解(jie)吾心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)慍,野景可娛吾目之(zhi)(zhi)歡,誠妥神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)勝地(di),即(ji)郡廟之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)也。……”此(ci)閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)確實具有(you)很高的(de)歷史(shi)、藝(yi)術和科(ke)學研究價值。明(ming)初,閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)北(bei)側建(jian)起一(yi)坐(zuo)(zuo)南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)戲臺,前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)卷棚(peng)頂(ding)(ding),用(yong)磚做基座(zuo)。戲臺與(yu)閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)緊緊相依,渾為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體(ti),組成戲臺,名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“賽蜃(shen)樓(lou)(lou)”。此(ci)后,閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)便作為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)音(yin)廟戲臺的(de)后臺而用(yong)。從元(yuan)代(dai)以后為(wei)(wei)(wei)歷代(dai)掌管水利部(bu)門占(zhan)用(yong),一(yi)直(zhi)到(dao)解(jie)放初期(qi),解(jie)放后為(wei)(wei)(wei)學校所占(zhan),用(yong)至1994年,1994年以來,由觀(guan)音(yin)廟義務保護(hu)小組管理。
解放初,廟內塑(su)像被毀,直到1995年(nian),由廣大信眾集(ji)資(zi)重塑(su)觀(guan)音菩(pu)薩(sa)、眼光菩(pu)薩(sa)、送子(zi)菩(pu)薩(sa)、藥師佛、關圣帝君(jun)、玉皇大帝、利市仙宮、東海龍王、土地(di)翁、婆、文昌帝君(jun)等塑(su)像,1998年(nian)又雕刻(ke)漢(han)白玉觀(guan)音菩(pu)薩(sa)像一尊,立于過殿,使觀(guan)音廟又恢復了往日(ri)的(de)興旺景象(xiang)。