霍(huo)州觀(guan)音廟(第(di)六批(pi)國(guo)保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍州市趙家(jia)莊村(cun)
2006年5月(yue)被(bei)定為第(di)六批國家文物保護單位(wei)的(de)霍(huo)州觀音廟是集儒、釋、道為一體的(de)典型的(de)寺廟綜合(he)建筑。
簡介
儒家講(jiang)格(ge)物致知,誠意正(zheng)心(xin)(xin)(xin);佛(fo)家講(jiang)明(ming)(ming)心(xin)(xin)(xin)見(jian)性,即心(xin)(xin)(xin)即佛(fo);道家講(jiang)返(fan)本歸真(zhen),清凈(jing)無為。三(san)者(zhe)乃殊途同歸,足見(jian)菩薩在大眾心(xin)(xin)(xin)目中(zhong)的(de)地位。此廟(miao)中(zhong)土地殿(dian)(dian)規模雖小,但據歷史記載(zai)始建于宋代,三(san)圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)、山(shan)門、觀音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)、過街閣(ge)樓、文(wen)昌閣(ge)等均創建于元(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)時期,后歷代屢有修葺(qi)。
構建特色
觀(guan)音廟(miao)(miao)(miao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),總(zong)體(ti)布局為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩條平行軸線(xian)(xian),符(fu)合(he)了中國傳(chuan)統的對(dui)稱理念。其(qi)東軸線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),軸線(xian)(xian)上分(fen)布有(you)山門(men)、三圣殿(dian)(dian),東側(ce)有(you)廂房(fang)、廊(lang)屋、耳殿(dian)(dian),東南(nan)角(jiao)二層有(you)文昌閣(ge)(ge)。西(xi)軸線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),軸線(xian)(xian)上分(fen)布有(you)過街(jie)(jie)(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、戲臺(tai)(tai)、過殿(dian)(dian)、觀(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(分(fen)正殿(dian)(dian)和(he)東西(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)),軸線(xian)(xian)西(xi)側(ce)分(fen)布有(you)廊(lang)屋。其(qi)三圣殿(dian)(dian)與觀(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)間建(jian)有(you)土地(di)(di)殿(dian)(dian)。西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)留有(you)便(bian)門(men),平時(shi)進(jin)(jin)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)多走此門(men),這是一座(zuo)典型的正方形廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇,其(qi)莊(zhuang)嚴肅穆可(ke)見一斑(ban)。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)總(zong)長47米,東西(xi)寬43米,占地(di)(di)面積(ji)2021平方米。現存有(you)宋、元、明、清不同時(shi)期大小殿(dian)(dian)八座(zuo),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)筒瓦硬山頂式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu),琉(liu)璃瓦脊。西(xi)軸線(xian)(xian)正南(nan)元代(dai)過街(jie)(jie)(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)“彘(zhi)川鎮河(he)”神(shen)龕閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),全木(mu)(mu)(mu)結構,底為(wei)(wei)(wei)柱廊(lang)式(shi)過街(jie)(jie)(jie)通道(dao),上鋪木(mu)(mu)(mu)板,設柵(zha)欄,神(shen)龕臺(tai)(tai)基。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山頂,琉(liu)璃剪邊,灰瓦覆蓋(gai)。頂部正吻(wen)題記(ji)“昊(hao)川雄鎮”四字,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梁架結構多為(wei)(wei)(wei)元代(dai)遺構。據大明嘉靖(jing)二十二年重(zhong)修碑文記(ji)載:“……前樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一葺,形勢壯觀(guan),東距霍山,西(xi)臨(lin)汾水,北(bei)(bei)有(you)高崗之(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)有(you)平川之(zhi)(zhi)望,喬木(mu)(mu)(mu)巍峨,陰(yin)木(mu)(mu)(mu)華蓋(gai),雖盛暑之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),涼風可(ke)以(yi)(yi)解(jie)吾(wu)心之(zhi)(zhi)慍,野景可(ke)娛(yu)吾(wu)目之(zhi)(zhi)歡(huan),誠妥神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)地(di)(di),即郡廟(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)冠也(ye)。……”此閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)確實(shi)具有(you)很高的歷史(shi)、藝術和(he)科學(xue)研究(jiu)價(jia)值(zhi)。明初,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)建(jian)起(qi)一坐(zuo)(zuo)南(nan)向北(bei)(bei)戲臺(tai)(tai),前為(wei)(wei)(wei)卷棚(peng)頂,用(yong)磚做(zuo)基座(zuo)。戲臺(tai)(tai)與閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)緊緊相(xiang)依(yi),渾為(wei)(wei)(wei)一體(ti),組(zu)成戲臺(tai)(tai),名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“賽蜃(shen)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)”。此后(hou),閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)便(bian)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)音廟(miao)(miao)(miao)戲臺(tai)(tai)的后(hou)臺(tai)(tai)而(er)用(yong)。從(cong)元代(dai)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)歷代(dai)掌管水利部門(men)占用(yong),一直到(dao)解(jie)放初期,解(jie)放后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)校所占,用(yong)至1994年,1994年以(yi)(yi)來,由觀(guan)音廟(miao)(miao)(miao)義務(wu)保護小組(zu)管理。
解放初,廟內塑(su)(su)像(xiang)被毀,直到1995年,由廣大信眾集資重塑(su)(su)觀音菩薩、眼(yan)光(guang)菩薩、送(song)子菩薩、藥師(shi)佛、關(guan)圣(sheng)帝(di)君、玉皇(huang)大帝(di)、利市仙宮、東海龍王(wang)、土地(di)翁、婆、文昌帝(di)君等塑(su)(su)像(xiang),1998年又(you)雕刻漢白玉觀音菩薩像(xiang)一尊,立于過(guo)殿,使(shi)觀音廟又(you)恢復了往日的興旺景象。