融(rong)寧宮位于(yu)堤(di)村(cun)(cun)鄉干河村(cun)(cun),因廟宇建筑正對凈石山,又稱凈石宮。現(xian)存建筑為明中后(hou)期遺構,占地約5畝余,山門,融(rong)寧宮同在中軸線上(shang),左右各有配(pei)殿、耳殿、建筑結構疏(shu)密得當,布局精巧,主次分明。
建在宮院(yuan)正南,兩側(ce)磚(zhuan)砌起墻(qiang),上以木(mu)板平覆(fu),木(mu)構戲臺于其上,十字歇山式(shi),琉(liu)璃瓦覆(fu)頂。當地稱作(zuo)“八卦(gua)懸頂”。
進(jin)入山門便(bian)可看到雄(xiong)偉的大(da)殿(dian)——融寧(ning)宮(gong),大(da)殿(dian)建在高(gao)0.3米的磚砌臺(tai)基(ji)上。大(da)殿(dian)面闊三(san)間(jian),進(jin)深(shen)六椽(chuan),懸山頂,覆(fu)以(yi)布瓦。殿(dian)額題(ti)匾“融寧(ning)宮(gong)”,“融”有(you)作久遠解,放映(ying)出人們(men)對平定安和環(huan)境的熱(re)愛與期盼。
殿門格扇式。
殿內(nei)供奉玄天上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),玄天上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),又稱(cheng)真(zhen)(zhen)武大(da)帝(di)(di)(di),為(wei)道教中主宰北方的大(da)神(shen)(shen)。神(shen)(shen)像披發仗劍端坐于(yu)須彌座(zuo)上(shang)。傳說真(zhen)(zhen)武大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)曾助(zhu)周武王伐紂有功(gong),玉帝(di)(di)(di)冊封為(wei)玄武,加號“太上(shang)紫(zi)皇天一真(zhen)(zhen)人”。宋真(zhen)(zhen)宗大(da)中祥符年(nian)間,尊為(wei)“鎮天真(zhen)(zhen)武靈應武玄天上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)”。明(ming)代張(zhang)三豐創立的武當派道教崇祀(si)真(zhen)(zhen)武,以真(zhen)(zhen)武為(wei)祖(zu)師,后人又稱(cheng)真(zhen)(zhen)武大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)為(wei)“玄天祖(zu)師”。
大(da)(da)殿真武(wu)像(xiang)上懸塑(su)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宮樓(lou)閣,許多姿(zi)態(tai)各(ge)異的天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)出沒于(yu)云霧(wu)間,懸塑(su)分做(zuo)上下(xia)兩部(bu)分,頂部(bu)彩塑(su)樓(lou)閣三所(suo),正(zheng)中垂檐(yan)歇山頂,底層出抱廈,內奉元(yuan)始(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊,左右(you)有天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)持戈怒(nu)立。左為靈寶天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊,右(you)為道(dao)德天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊。道(dao)家意(yi)想中的神(shen)圣天(tian)(tian)(tian)堂,在民間匠人的手下(xia)表現得至高無上。二層懸塑(su)多為神(shen)仙官(guan)吏。玄天(tian)(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)帝兩側(ce)塑(su)有周公(gong)和桃花(hua)(hua)女。傳(chuan)說周公(gong)、桃花(hua)(hua)被玄天(tian)(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)帝收服后(hou),封為元(yuan)帥,在帝座(zuo)前效(xiao)力(li)。左右(you)檐(yan)柱盤(pan)龍怒(nu)張。須(xu)彌座(zuo)前塑(su)有龜、蛇二將(jiang)。神(shen)像(xiang)背后(hou)彩塑(su)龍霧(wu)花(hua)(hua)卉,祥(xiang)云縈(ying)繞,金碧輝煌,彩塑(su)人物大(da)(da)約十幾公(gong)分,但神(shen)情并肖,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。
殿左右及后山(shan)墻滿繪壁(bi)畫,約(yue)用傳統的勾線填色法完成(cheng)。
東(dong)西山(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)形(xing)如現(xian)代(dai)環畫形(xing)式,采用傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)散(san)點(dian)透視法繪有(you)玄(xuan)天大帝(di)八十二化。形(xing)象地表現(xian)了玄(xuan)天大帝(di)從“夢中(zhong)月”始(shi)到“天帝(di)賜劍”、“翻山(shan)(shan)裂石”、“武當鎮帥”……直到受封‘玄(xuan)天上(shang)帝(di)’的(de)(de)整部情節。畫法精細工致,用筆遒(qiu)勁,線條(tiao)簡(jian)潔(jie)有(you)力(li),中(zhong)間襯(chen)景有(you)山(shan)(shan)水,古樹,宮院等,點(dian)染皴擦,一絲不茍,人(ren)物面部、衣襯(chen)、樹干及葉多以渲染法分陰陽。增強了畫面的(de)(de)表現(xian)效果,西壁頂有(you)墨書題記,為(wei)石明里丹青楊成廉,攜(xie)其弟及子楊萃(cui),和(he)學徒某完(wan)成,時間為(wei)清(qing)順治五(wu)年閏四(si)月。后墻(qiang)神像(xiang)(xiang)左右壁上(shang)繪有(you)威風(feng)凜凜的(de)(de)天神征戰圖,人(ren)物均等如真人(ren),線條(tiao)勾勒(le)粗獷有(you)力(li),須發怒張間,仿佛有(you)排山(shan)(shan)倒(dao)海之勢。神龕側(ce)面繪有(you)獻(xian)花神像(xiang)(xiang),衣紋流暢(chang)生動。色調明快亮(liang)麗。
融寧宮(gong)壁(bi)畫設色對比明顯,因多采用礦物顏料,至今(jin)仍光彩人,傳統武士(shi)的(de)“蜂腰”、“豹肩”在畫家筆(bi)下表現得尤為(wei)生動,滿壁(bi)流光溢(yi)彩,直奪天工。學者把芮城(cheng)永樂宮(gong)、廣勝寺水神廟、融寧宮(gong)的(de)壁(bi)畫分別(bie)定為(wei)晉南元、明、清三(san)個(ge)時期的(de)代表作。足見它的(de)藝術價值與學術價值百同凡響(xiang)。
融(rong)寧(ning)宮(gong)(gong)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)建成3間2層樓閣式,2層出(chu)(chu)檐,圍以欄(lan)桿,傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)舊時婦(fu)女看戲(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)所,底層則為(wei)(wei)(wei)男(nan)性觀戲(xi)(xi)場地(di)。在(zai)封建社(she)會,男(nan)女有(you)別,社(she)會風(feng)俗(su)嚴厲,在(zai)建筑上(shang)反映得(de)更為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)顯。配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)北側,各建耳殿(dian)(dian)一(yi)間,分別供奉(feng)黑虎、龍(long)(long)(long)王二神。東(dong)耳殿(dian)(dian)旁(pang)(pang)有(you)小(xiao)便(bian)門(men)通(tong)往殿(dian)(dian)東(dong)過(guo)道(dao),傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)舊時婦(fu)女進廟(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)。東(dong)配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)南(nan)側開(kai)(kai)一(yi)東(dong)向大門(men),門(men)額題朝圣門(men),出(chu)(chu)門(men)有(you)南(nan)北長30余米(mi),寬(kuan)5米(mi)的磚漫(man)通(tong)道(dao),由此而北,盡(jin)頭(tou)有(you)大門(men)可出(chu)(chu)宮(gong)(gong)院,大門(men)額書“凈(jing)石宮(gong)(gong)”,懸山式建筑。附:干河“凈(jing)石宮(gong)(gong)” 堤村干河村,古(gu)稱“水潤里”。地(di)當洪、霍(huo)、汾(fen)三(san)縣交通(tong)要沖,自古(gu)以來,車(che)輛運輸(shu),四(si)通(tong)八(ba)達(da)。村西(xi)(xi)“凈(jing)石宮(gong)(gong)”東(dong)臨汾(fen)河,西(xi)(xi)倚(yi)呂(lv)梁;“碑林”、“藝(yi)苑”分陳兩廊;殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)輝煌,古(gu)柏參(can)開(kai)(kai),雕塑(su)壁畫(hua),馳名遐(xia)邇。 主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)“融(rong)寧(ning)宮(gong)(gong)”,中塑(su)“玄天(tian)大師”,赤臉金身,威風(feng)凜(lin)凜(lin);儀表非(fei)凡,栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生。兩邊楹(ying)聯為(wei)(wei)(wei):“七世太子(zi)不愿皇宮(gong)(gong)享寶貴,八(ba)輩狀元但求(qiu)武當養性心(xin)。”宮(gong)(gong)仆(pu)峰(feng)(feng)環(huan)抱,懸空柏出(chu)(chu)石隙;山水明(ming)媚,樹木(mu)參(can)差;四(si)時百鳥(niao)爭(zheng)鳴,八(ba)節野花不斷,真乃錦銹江山,畫(hua)圖世界(jie),過(guo)往游人(ren),無(wu)不嘆為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀止。尤其游人(ren)注目的是,宮(gong)(gong)門(men)外(wai)通(tong)往平(ping)垣之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)道(dao)旁(pang)(pang),雙峰(feng)(feng)對崎,太陽當空人(ren)無(wu)影;巒封路(lu)(lu)心(xin),雷鳴電閃云無(wu)著。似此奇境(jing),實(shi)(shi)屬罕見。為(wei)(wei)(wei)方便(bian)游人(ren)登峰(feng)(feng)眺望。免(mian)除(chu)往年(nian)(nian)繞山越嶺之(zhi)(zhi)苦,1993年(nian)(nian)經(jing)村民及外(wai)出(chu)(chu)工作(zuo)人(ren)員集資,新建一(yi)橋上(shang)達(da)龍(long)(long)(long)王峰(feng)(feng),下通(tong)“融(rong)寧(ning)宮(gong)(gong)”。故(gu)取名曰“龍(long)(long)(long)宮(gong)(gong)橋”。 “欲窮千(qian)里目,更上(shang)高山峰(feng)(feng)”。沿“龍(long)(long)(long)宮(gong)(gong)橋”攀登六十九個臺階,即(ji)達(da)山腰“龍(long)(long)(long)王亭(ting)”。傳(chuan)言:“龍(long)(long)(long)者能興云雨,利萬物(wu)”。故(gu)在(zai)若干年(nian)(nian)前,我(wo)們的祖先,每(mei)逢(feng)天(tian)旱之(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian),祈(qi)求(qiu)“龍(long)(long)(long)王爺”作(zuo)云下雨,霖雨蒼生,人(ren)壽年(nian)(nian)豐,曾在(zai)山巔建有(you)“龍(long)(long)(long)王廟(miao)”(因年(nian)(nian)久塌毀,現已在(zai)存)稱此山為(wei)(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)王峰(feng)(feng)”。 沿“龍(long)(long)(long)王亭(ting)”徐徐而上(shang),登峰(feng)(feng)環(huan)繞,四(si)望無(wu)跡。遠(yuan)近(jin)景(jing)物(wu),盡(jin)收(shou)眼底。仰(yang)觀霍(huo)山,密木(mu)蔥蔥;俯視(shi)汾(fen)河,流水潺潺;南(nan)同(tong)蒲與大運公路(lu)(lu)交錯,車(che)馳如(ru)梭;汾(fen)河水同(tong)“七一(yi)渠”并流,縱橫灌溉,真可謂(wei)“江山如(ru)此多嬌(jiao)”、“風(feng)景(jing)這邊獨好(hao)”。難怪(guai)游人(ren)至此,無(wu)不心(xin)曠(kuang)神怡,流連忘返。加以宮(gong)(gong)前有(you)廣場,宮(gong)(gong)后有(you)水泉。加建造園林,開(kai)(kai)旅游勝地(di),實(shi)(shi)具(ju)有(you)得(de)天(tian)獨厚之(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)然優(you)勢。 如(ru)果說(shuo):“飛虹塔”、“古(gu)大槐(huai)”、“蘇三(san)監獄”為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)縣三(san)大名勝古(gu)跡,則將“凈(jing)石宮(gong)(gong)”辟成旅游區,不啻為(wei)(wei)(wei)洪洞“又添一(yi)絕(jue)”。