天 齊 廟(第四(si)(si)批(pi)省保)。時(shi)代(dai):元。地址(zhi):孝義市梧桐鎮(zhen)中王屯村。始(shi)建(jian)(jian)年代(dai)不(bu)詳(xiang), 清康熙年間有(you)過大的(de)修葺。坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南,占(zhan)地面積15000平方米。主(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)筑有(you)正(zheng)殿、樂樓,兩側(ce)為東西偏殿。正(zheng)殿為元代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑。面闊(kuo)五間,進深四(si)(si)架(jia)椽,單檐懸山頂(ding)。殿頂(ding)琉璃脊飾,斗栱(gong)四(si)(si)鋪作。殿內(nei)四(si)(si)根柱子上泥塑(su)盤龍,東、西、北三面墻繪有(you)16幅壁畫(hua),面積60多平方米。
整座寺廟(miao)坐北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan),北(bei)(bei)高(gao)南(nan)(nan)低,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長88.8米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬54米(mi)(mi),總面(mian)積約4790平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。整體建筑(zhu)嚴謹合理,中(zhong)軸線(xian)排列(lie):正(zheng)殿(dian)、樂樓、東(dong)西偏殿(dian)。大殿(dian)坐北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan),坐于寺院內(nei)(nei)北(bei)(bei)部的高(gao)臺之上,是本寺院主要的建筑(zhu)之一(yi),面(mian)闊五間,進深六檐(yan)前帶(dai)廊(lang)懸(xuan)山頂(ding)。臺明的高(gao)度較小,只(zhi)設一(yi)層階(jie)石(shi)。大殿(dian)墻(qiang)體內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)墻(qiang)為(wei)(wei)青磚跑砌,內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)墻(qiang)身(shen)白灰(hui)抹面(mian),在(zai)大殿(dian)的兩側砌支(zhi)護矮墻(qiang)一(yi)道。殿(dian)頂(ding)鋪石(shi)砌琉璃(li)脊瓦,檐(yan)下為(wei)(wei)單翹垂昂斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)。大殿(dian)門高(gao)3米(mi)(mi),寬2.8米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)外(wai)檐(yan)下6根撐柱(zhu)(zhu),每(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)下都有柱(zhu)(zhu)基,厚0.22米(mi)(mi),上雕鎮獸。大殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)有元代方(fang)形(xing)木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu),殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)四(si)(si)根撐柱(zhu)(zhu),上盤(pan)四(si)(si)條極富動態的泥塑(su)盤(pan)龍(long),每(mei)龍(long)長3.1米(mi)(mi),龍(long)色分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)紅、黃、紫、藍。大殿(dian)梁架(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)制分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩種:明間、次間四(si)(si)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁后接(jie)雙步梁前接(jie)單步梁,通檐(yan)共用(yong)四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)。雙步梁與單步梁插入金柱(zhu)(zhu)及前檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu),雙步梁上施隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)及托腳承托下金檁,前檐(yan)金檁由前檐(yan)金柱(zhu)(zhu)通過隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)支(zhi)接(jie)承托。四(si)(si)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁上施隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)承托上金檁、三(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁。三(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁上施瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)、角背(bei)、叉手及隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)共同承托脊檁。稍間梁架(jia)(jia)(jia)的五架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁前后接(jie)單步梁,通檐(yan)共用(yong)四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)東(dong)、西、北(bei)(bei)三(san)面(mian)共有16幅壁畫,總面(mian)積60多(duo)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)容豐富,繪畫書法(fa)藝術皆佳。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)塑(su)像(xiang)20尊,身(shen)高(gao)皆在(zai)一(yi)丈(zhang)外(wai),在(zai)文化大革命時被毀壞。
院內(nei)東西各(ge)有偏(pian)殿三(san)間(jian)。院南與大(da)殿相對有樂樓一座,坐南面(mian)北,面(mian)闊三(san)間(jian),進深五椽,磚(zhuan)木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山頂,前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出硬山抱(bao)廈(sha)。戲臺梁架(jia)為(wei)四架(jia)梁前(qian)(qian)(qian)接(jie)單步(bu)梁,四架(jia)梁上(shang)施(shi)角(jiao)背、瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)承托三(san)架(jia)梁及上(shang)金檁。三(san)架(jia)梁上(shang)施(shi)角(jiao)背、瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)、叉(cha)手承托脊(ji)檁。抱(bao)廈(sha)通過前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)與前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)金柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)施(shi)雙步(bu)梁承托。戲臺前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)無裝修,后檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)墻砌磚(zhuan)拱券,內(nei)設(she)板門。金柱(zhu)(zhu)設(she)內(nei)裝修為(wei)隔板將戲臺分(fen)為(wei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后臺。樂樓前(qian)(qian)(qian)照壁高3.2米(mi),寬(kuan)2.3米(mi),東西門寬(kuan)4米(mi),深3.8米(mi),通高4.2米(mi),為(wei)磚(zhuan)木(mu)結(jie)構(gou)。
天齊(qi)廟具有獨特的元代(dai)建筑風格,尤其殿(dian)內裝飾的四條泥塑盤龍栩栩如生,為歷代(dai)建筑所少(shao)見。