天 齊 廟(第四批省(sheng)保)。時(shi)代:元。地(di)址:孝義(yi)市梧桐鎮(zhen)中王屯村。始建年(nian)代不詳, 清康熙年(nian)間有過大(da)的(de)修(xiu)葺。坐北朝南,占(zhan)地(di)面積15000平(ping)方米。主要建筑(zhu)有正殿(dian)(dian)、樂樓(lou),兩側為東(dong)(dong)西偏殿(dian)(dian)。正殿(dian)(dian)為元代建筑(zhu)。面闊五間,進深四架椽,單檐懸山頂。殿(dian)(dian)頂琉璃(li)脊(ji)飾,斗(dou)栱(gong)四鋪作。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)四根(gen)柱子(zi)上(shang)泥(ni)塑盤龍,東(dong)(dong)、西、北三(san)面墻(qiang)繪有16幅壁畫,面積60多平(ping)方米。
整座寺廟坐(zuo)北向南(nan),北高(gao)南(nan)低,南(nan)北長88.8米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬(kuan)54米(mi)(mi),總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積約4790平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。整體建(jian)筑嚴謹合理,中(zhong)軸(zhou)線排列:正(zheng)殿(dian)、樂樓、東(dong)西偏殿(dian)。大殿(dian)坐(zuo)北向南(nan),坐(zuo)于寺院內(nei)北部的(de)高(gao)臺之上(shang)(shang)(shang),是本寺院主要的(de)建(jian)筑之一,面(mian)(mian)闊五間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)六檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)帶廊懸(xuan)山頂(ding)。臺明的(de)高(gao)度較小,只設一層階石。大殿(dian)墻(qiang)(qiang)體內(nei)、外墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)青磚(zhuan)跑砌,內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)墻(qiang)(qiang)身白灰抹面(mian)(mian),在(zai)大殿(dian)的(de)兩側砌支(zhi)護矮(ai)墻(qiang)(qiang)一道。殿(dian)頂(ding)鋪(pu)石砌琉璃脊(ji)瓦,檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下為(wei)單翹垂昂(ang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)。大殿(dian)門高(gao)3米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.8米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)外檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下6根撐(cheng)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),每(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下都(dou)有(you)(you)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基,厚(hou)0.22米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)雕鎮(zhen)獸。大殿(dian)內(nei)有(you)(you)元代方(fang)(fang)形木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),殿(dian)內(nei)四(si)(si)根撐(cheng)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)盤四(si)(si)條(tiao)極富動態的(de)泥(ni)塑盤龍(long),每(mei)龍(long)長3.1米(mi)(mi),龍(long)色分(fen)別為(wei)紅、黃、紫(zi)、藍。大殿(dian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)形制分(fen)為(wei)兩種:明間(jian)(jian)、次間(jian)(jian)四(si)(si)架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)后接(jie)雙步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)接(jie)單步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),通檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)共用四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。雙步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與單步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插(cha)入金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),雙步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)施(shi)隔(ge)架(jia)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)及托腳承托下金(jin)檁,前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)金(jin)檁由前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)通過隔(ge)架(jia)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)支(zhi)接(jie)承托。四(si)(si)架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)施(shi)隔(ge)架(jia)科斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)承托上(shang)(shang)(shang)金(jin)檁、三(san)(san)架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。三(san)(san)架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)施(shi)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、角背、叉手及隔(ge)架(jia)共同承托脊(ji)檁。稍間(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)的(de)五架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后接(jie)單步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),通檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)共用四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。殿(dian)內(nei)東(dong)、西、北三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)共有(you)(you)16幅壁畫(hua),總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積60多(duo)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),內(nei)容豐富,繪畫(hua)書法藝術皆佳。殿(dian)內(nei)塑像20尊(zun),身高(gao)皆在(zai)一丈外,在(zai)文(wen)化大革(ge)命時被(bei)毀壞。
院(yuan)內東西(xi)各有偏(pian)殿三(san)(san)間。院(yuan)南(nan)與大殿相對有樂樓(lou)一(yi)座,坐(zuo)南(nan)面北,面闊三(san)(san)間,進(jin)深五椽(chuan),磚(zhuan)(zhuan)木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding),前檐(yan)出硬山(shan)抱(bao)廈。戲臺(tai)(tai)梁(liang)架為(wei)四架梁(liang)前接單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang),四架梁(liang)上施(shi)角(jiao)背、瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)托(tuo)三(san)(san)架梁(liang)及上金(jin)檁。三(san)(san)架梁(liang)上施(shi)角(jiao)背、瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)、叉手(shou)承(cheng)托(tuo)脊檁。抱(bao)廈通過前檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)與前檐(yan)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)上施(shi)雙步(bu)梁(liang)承(cheng)托(tuo)。戲臺(tai)(tai)前檐(yan)無裝修(xiu),后檐(yan)墻砌磚(zhuan)(zhuan)拱券,內設板門。金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)設內裝修(xiu)為(wei)隔(ge)板將戲臺(tai)(tai)分(fen)為(wei)前后臺(tai)(tai)。樂樓(lou)前照(zhao)壁(bi)高3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)門寬4米(mi)(mi)(mi),深3.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),通高4.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)木(mu)結(jie)構(gou)。
天齊廟具有獨特的元代建筑風格,尤(you)其殿內裝飾的四(si)條泥塑盤龍栩栩如生,為歷代建筑所(suo)少見。