寺廟簡介
惠(hui) 濟 寺(si) (第二(er)批省保)
時代:宋
地址(zhi):原(yuan)平市東北15公里練家(jia)崗村(cun)
寺坐北朝南,由(you)山(shan)門、文(wen)殊殿、鐘樓、伽藍(lan)殿、大佛(fo)殿及東西廊(lang)廡等(deng)建筑組成,占地(di)面積2135平方米。
文殊殿為康清(qing)熙五十三年(nian)(1714年(nian))重建,面(mian)寬、進深(shen)各三間,平面(mian)近方形,單檐(yan)懸山(shan)頂。殿內佛(fo)壇上(shang)保存彩塑18尊,兩山(shan)墻繪壁畫(hua)20余平方米。
大佛殿(dian)為宋代(dai)遺構,面寬(kuan)五間,進深八(ba)椽,單檐歇山(shan)頂,磚建(jian)月臺寬(kuan)大。殿(dian)內(nei)使用減柱(zhu)造(zao),金柱(zhu)上用大雀替承內(nei)額(e),其上四椽栿與前后乳(ru)栿搭交(jiao)。柱(zhu)頭斗栱五鋪(pu)作雙下昂,里轉六鋪(pu)作出三抄,后尾(wei)置于順梁下,明間補間鋪(pu)作出45度斜昂。殿(dian)內(nei)佛壇(tan)上塑佛、菩薩、脅(xie)侍、童(tong)子、金剛等(deng),為宋塑佳作。兩壁千(qian)佛閣內(nei)存有157尊(zun)宋代(dai)木雕,雕工精細,刀(dao)法有力。殿(dian)內(nei)后壁奉曹氏姥(lao)塑像一(yi)尊(zun)。
寺廟歷史
始(shi)(shi)建(jian)于唐,宋(song)(song)(song)重建(jian),金(jin)(jin)元明清屢有(you)(you)修葺(qi)(qi)。始(shi)(shi)建(jian)于唐,宋(song)(song)(song)重建(jian),金(jin)(jin)元明清屢有(you)(you)修葺(qi)(qi)。有(you)(you)山(shan)門(men),觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian),鐘樓,伽(jia)藍殿(dian)(dian)(dian),東西(xi)廊廡,大佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等建(jian)筑(zhu),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)塑(su)像俱(ju)存(cun)。其中大佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)歷史(shi)最古(gu),建(jian)筑(zhu)結構(gou)及(ji)其塑(su)像藝術尚保(bao)存(cun)宋(song)(song)(song)代風格。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)身(shen)寬(kuan)五間(jian),深八櫞(yuan),單檐歇山(shan)式(shi)屋頂,柱(zhu)頭施五鋪作(zuo)斗(dou)拱(gong)承(cheng)托(tuo)出檐及(ji)梁枋。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)四根,分布兩側,平(ping)面小(xiao)八角,猶存(cun)唐宋(song)(song)(song)古(gu)制。金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)用(yong)大雀替承(cheng)內(nei)額(e), 上(shang)(shang)用(yong)四櫞(yuan)狀與前(qian)后(hou)乳袱搭(da)交,突(tu)破唐宋(song)(song)(song)結構(gou)舊(jiu)規,向擴(kuo)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)方向變化。佛(fo)(fo)壇上(shang)(shang)泥塑(su)佛(fo)(fo),菩(pu)薩(sa),脅(xie)待,童子(zi),金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)等 比例適(shi)度,線條和(he)諧(xie),面形圓潤,衣飾流暢,脅(xie)侍菩(pu)薩(sa)下肢(zhi)紗羅透體(ti),塑(su)工(gong)之巧,當為(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)金(jin)(jin)佳作(zuo)。
建筑分布
寺廟結構
惠濟寺(si)面積為八間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),分上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)。主(zhu)(zhu)殿三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)居于(yu)中部,下(xia)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)殿內有(you)(you)壁畫,內容(rong)為釋(shi)、道、儒(ru)三(san)教圣像(xiang),像(xiang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)隔(ge)扇(shan),隔(ge)扇(shan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)為供奉活動(dong)之(zhi)地,左(zuo)右各為一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)住(zhu)屋。右住(zhu)屋的(de)石壁上(shang)有(you)(you)一(yi)黑洞,高約一(yi)米(mi),可由此通(tong)向(xiang)寺(si)東(dong)絕(jue)壁上(shang)的(de)另(ling)一(yi)小廟。今小廟已毀(hui),僅(jin)留(liu)支(zhi)撐寺(si)廟的(de)懸(xuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)根(gen),稍有(you)(you)風吹動(dong),即左(zuo)右搖擺不定,當(dang)地人稱之(zhi)為“扒(ba)拉柱(zhu)(zhu)”。金安寺(si)上(shang)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)為通(tong)天柱(zhu)(zhu)(5.1米(mi))。余(yu)(yu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)皆進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)走廊,走廊前(qian)(qian)(qian)又(you)有(you)(you)木板(ban)伸出(chu),為棧橋式殿內有(you)(you)閣,內畫玉皇像(xiang)。線條流暢,比例適當(dang),工藝相當(dang)精細(xi)。下(xia)層(ceng)面闊八間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),其中主(zhu)(zhu)殿三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。主(zhu)(zhu)殿,前(qian)(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)望(wang)柱(zhu)(zhu)七根(gen),裝有(you)(you)木欄(lan)板(ban)。整個建筑之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)部均(jun)懸(xuan)于(yu)空中,下(xia)用十(shi)余(yu)(yu)根(gen)木柱(zhu)(zhu)支(zhi)撐,結(jie)構奇特,十(shi)分險峻。上(shang)層(ceng)面闊五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)(zhu)殿三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)(zhu)殿進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),余(yu)(yu)皆進(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)均(jun)置(zhi)(zhi)走廊,供人登高望(wang)遠。
寺廟布局
中(zhong)(zhong)國古代寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)廟的布(bu)(bu)局大(da)(da)多是(shi)正(zheng)面(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)路為(wei)山門(men),山門(men)內(nei)左(zuo)右分(fen)別為(wei)鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou),正(zheng)面(mian)是(shi)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian),殿(dian)內(nei)有四大(da)(da)金剛塑像,后面(mian)依(yi)次為(wei)大(da)(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)和藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou),僧房、齋(zhai)堂則分(fen)列(lie)正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)路左(zuo)右兩側。大(da)(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)是(shi)佛(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)重要、最(zui)龐大(da)(da)的建筑,“大(da)(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)”即為(wei)佛(fo)祖(zu)釋加(jia)牟尼。因而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)國佛(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)不論規模地點,其建筑布(bu)(bu)局是(shi)有一(yi)定規律的:平(ping)面(mian)方(fang)(fang)形,以山門(men)殿(dian)——天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)——大(da)(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)——本寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)主供(gong)菩薩殿(dian)——法堂——藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou)這(zhe)條南(nan)北(bei)(bei)縱(zong)深軸線(xian)來組織空間(jian),對(dui)稱穩重且整(zheng)飭嚴謹。惠濟(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的全寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)布(bu)(bu)局則不一(yi)樣,天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)后面(mian),大(da)(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)、大(da)(da)悲殿(dian)、藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou)、玉(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)、方(fang)(fang)丈室(shi)等均在一(yi)條平(ping)行線(xian)上,屬于華(hua)北(bei)(bei)園(yuan)林建筑風格。這(zhe)也與(yu)它依(yi)山就勢的地理位置有關,無法縱(zong)向延伸,只能橫向發展。慧濟(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)里有一(yi)處龍(long)泉,其意義頗似觀音凈瓶里的凈水,很多人(ren)都希望能沾上一(yi)點凈水,與(yu)佛(fo)結緣(yuan)。
寺廟景觀
文殊殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)康(kang)清(qing)熙五(wu)(wu)十三(san)年(nian)(1714年(nian))重建(jian)(jian),面(mian)(mian)寬、進深各三(san)間(jian),平面(mian)(mian)近方(fang)形,單(dan)檐懸山(shan)(shan)頂。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)佛(fo)壇上(shang)(shang)保存彩塑18尊(zun)(zun),兩山(shan)(shan)墻繪壁畫20余平方(fang)米(mi)。 大(da)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)宋(song)代(dai)遺構(gou),面(mian)(mian)寬五(wu)(wu)間(jian),進深八椽,單(dan)檐歇山(shan)(shan)頂,磚(zhuan)建(jian)(jian)月(yue)臺寬大(da)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)使(shi)用(yong)減柱造,金柱上(shang)(shang)用(yong)大(da)雀(que)替承內(nei)(nei)額,其上(shang)(shang)四椽栿(fa)與前后乳(ru)栿(fa)搭交。柱頭(tou)斗栱(gong)五(wu)(wu)鋪(pu)作雙(shuang)下(xia)昂(ang),里轉六鋪(pu)作出三(san)抄,后尾置于(yu)順(shun)梁(liang)下(xia),明間(jian)補間(jian)鋪(pu)作出45度斜(xie)昂(ang)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)佛(fo)壇上(shang)(shang)塑佛(fo)、菩薩、脅侍、童子、金剛等(deng),為(wei)宋(song)塑佳(jia)作。兩壁千佛(fo)閣(ge)內(nei)(nei)存有157尊(zun)(zun)宋(song)代(dai)木雕,雕工精(jing)細,刀法有力。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)后壁奉(feng)(feng)曹氏(shi)(shi)姥塑像(xiang)一尊(zun)(zun)。寺中(zhong)庵,奉(feng)(feng)曹氏(shi)(shi)姥,相傳唐時建(jian)(jian)寺,曹氏(shi)(shi)布施汲水,每日一缸,供營建(jian)(jian)用(yong),工竣而(er)坐化(hua)。后人念(nian)其功德(de),建(jian)(jian)庵祀(si)之。
寺廟佛殿
大圓(yuan)通(tong)殿(dian)(dian),是(shi)惠濟(ji)寺的(de)(de)(de)主殿(dian)(dian),建(jian)(jian)于清康熙年間(jian)(jian),“圓(yuan)通(tong)”是(shi)觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)代名(ming)詞(ci),其意(yi)是(shi)“不偏倚,無阻礙”,圓(yuan)滿通(tong)達(da)。大圓(yuan)通(tong)殿(dian)(dian)即觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)菩(pu)薩正殿(dian)(dian),在佛教經典(dian)中,觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)耳根(gen)(gen)通(tong)(一(yi)根(gen)(gen)通(tong))即六根(gen)(gen)(眼(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身(shen)、意(yi))通(tong)。觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)菩(pu)薩能(neng)聽到苦(ku)難的(de)(de)(de)呼救聲,便能(neng)眼(yan)觀,故名(ming)觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。大圓(yuan)通(tong)殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)單(dan)層(ceng)重檐的(de)(de)(de)木結構建(jian)(jian)筑,頂蓋黃色琉璃瓦,飛(fei)檐翹角,莊重典(dian)雅(ya),是(shi)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)清初建(jian)(jian)筑風格。大圓(yuan)通(tong)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)旁端坐著(zhu)32座(zuo)觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)應身(shen)像,展示了觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)在十方世界以不同身(shen)份出現的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種形象。再(zai)加上(shang)中間(jian)(jian)供奉的(de)(de)(de)觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)佛身(shen),共(gong)33身(shen)。這里還有一(yi)座(zuo)白(bai)玉(yu)的(de)(de)(de)觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),很多(duo)人拜(bai)完(wan)以后,都會摸一(yi)摸玉(yu)觀音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)腳。
相關資料
現(xian)存主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是文殊(shu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),為宋(song)(song)代(dai)重(zhong)建,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內仍保留有(you)(you)(you)唐(tang)(tang)柱兩根。前(qian)柱四根呈八字形,稍(shao)向(xiang)內傾,且保留有(you)(you)(you)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)建筑風格。此殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面闊五間,進深三間,前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)廊(lang)子,并有(you)(you)(you)磚鋪月臺,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內兩柱上懸掛對聯一副:福(fu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)巍峨山接三清法界,天香(xiang)縹(piao)緲如(ru)游(you)九府神宮。 殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內彩塑,造型優美,姿態生動(dong),衣(yi)紋流暢,比例勻稱,為目前(qian)宋(song)(song)塑中(zhong)罕見珍品。兩壁千佛閣內的宋(song)(song)代(dai)木雕(diao),現(xian)存有(you)(you)(you)157尊,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)尊三頭六(liu)臂,雕(diao)工(gong)精細(xi),刀法有(you)(you)(you)力(li),真(zhen)可(ke)謂藝術(shu)大作(zuo)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內有(you)(you)(you)壁畫(hua),內容為菩薩救難,色彩以石綠和鐵青(qing)色為主(zhu),筆工(gong)古樸。
在殿內壁角,有一曹(cao)姑(gu)姑(gu)坐化像,其(qi)外部泥塑,其(qi)內確有人(ren)體骨骼。據傳在建此廟時,此地有曹(cao)氏姥(lao)愿以(yi)汲(ji)水為布施,每(mei)清晨汲(ji)水一缸,則足夠(gou)工(gong)人(ren)一日之用,竣工(gong)后而(er)曹(cao)氏姥(lao)便坐化。于(yu)是,在寺(si)中別修一庵塑像祀之,以(yi)其(qi)有功于(yu)寺(si)