寺廟簡介
惠(hui) 濟 寺 (第二批省保)
時代:宋
地址:原平市(shi)東北15公里練家崗村
寺坐北朝南,由(you)山門、文(wen)殊殿(dian)、鐘樓(lou)、伽藍殿(dian)、大(da)佛(fo)殿(dian)及(ji)東(dong)西(xi)廊(lang)廡等建筑(zhu)組成,占地面積2135平方米(mi)。
文殊殿為康清熙五十三年(nian)(1714年(nian))重(zhong)建,面寬、進(jin)深(shen)各三間,平面近方形,單檐懸山頂。殿內(nei)佛(fo)壇(tan)上保存(cun)彩塑18尊,兩山墻繪壁畫20余平方米。
大(da)佛殿(dian)(dian)為宋(song)代遺(yi)構,面寬五(wu)間,進深八椽,單檐歇(xie)山頂,磚建月臺(tai)寬大(da)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)使(shi)用減柱造(zao),金柱上用大(da)雀替承內(nei)額,其上四(si)椽栿與前后乳(ru)栿搭交。柱頭斗栱五(wu)鋪作(zuo)雙下昂(ang),里轉六鋪作(zuo)出三抄,后尾置于(yu)順梁下,明間補間鋪作(zuo)出45度斜昂(ang)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)佛壇(tan)上塑(su)佛、菩(pu)薩、脅侍、童子、金剛等(deng),為宋(song)塑(su)佳(jia)作(zuo)。兩壁千佛閣內(nei)存有157尊宋(song)代木雕(diao),雕(diao)工精細(xi),刀(dao)法有力。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)后壁奉曹氏姥塑(su)像一尊。
寺廟歷史
始建(jian)于唐(tang),宋(song)重(zhong)建(jian),金(jin)元明清屢有(you)(you)修葺。始建(jian)于唐(tang),宋(song)重(zhong)建(jian),金(jin)元明清屢有(you)(you)修葺。有(you)(you)山(shan)門,觀音殿(dian)(dian),鐘(zhong)樓,伽藍殿(dian)(dian),東西廊廡,大佛殿(dian)(dian)等建(jian)筑,殿(dian)(dian)內塑(su)像俱存。其中大佛殿(dian)(dian)歷史(shi)最古(gu),建(jian)筑結構及其塑(su)像藝術尚保存宋(song)代風格。殿(dian)(dian)身寬五(wu)間,深八(ba)櫞,單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)式屋頂(ding),柱頭施五(wu)鋪作斗拱(gong)承(cheng)托出檐(yan)及梁枋。殿(dian)(dian)內金(jin)柱四根,分布(bu)兩側,平面小八(ba)角,猶(you)存唐(tang)宋(song)古(gu)制。金(jin)柱上(shang)用(yong)大雀替承(cheng)內額(e), 上(shang)用(yong)四櫞狀與前后乳袱搭交,突破唐(tang)宋(song)結構舊規,向擴大殿(dian)(dian)內方向變化(hua)。佛壇上(shang)泥塑(su)佛,菩(pu)薩,脅待,童(tong)子,金(jin)剛(gang)等 比例適度,線條和諧,面形圓潤,衣飾流暢,脅侍菩(pu)薩下肢(zhi)紗羅透體,塑(su)工之巧(qiao),當為宋(song)金(jin)佳作。
建筑分布
寺廟結構
惠濟寺(si)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)八間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深兩(liang)(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),分(fen)上下兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)。主殿(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)居(ju)于(yu)中部(bu),下層(ceng)(ceng)主殿(dian)內有(you)壁(bi)畫(hua),內容為(wei)(wei)釋、道、儒三(san)教(jiao)圣像(xiang),像(xiang)前(qian)(qian)置有(you)隔(ge)扇,隔(ge)扇前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)供奉活動之地(di),左右各為(wei)(wei)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)住(zhu)屋。右住(zhu)屋的石壁(bi)上有(you)一黑洞,高(gao)約一米,可由(you)此通向(xiang)寺(si)東絕壁(bi)上的另一小廟。今(jin)小廟已毀,僅留(liu)支撐寺(si)廟的懸(xuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)一根(gen),稍(shao)有(you)風吹動,即左右搖擺(bai)不(bu)定,當地(di)人稱之為(wei)(wei)“扒(ba)拉柱(zhu)(zhu)”。金安(an)寺(si)上層(ceng)(ceng)主進深兩(liang)(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)通天柱(zhu)(zhu)(5.1米)。余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)皆進深兩(liang)(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)(qian)有(you)走(zou)廊(lang),走(zou)廊(lang)前(qian)(qian)又有(you)木板伸出,為(wei)(wei)棧橋式(shi)殿(dian)內有(you)閣(ge),內畫(hua)玉皇像(xiang)。線條流(liu)暢,比例適當,工藝相當精細。下層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)闊八間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),其中主殿(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。主殿(dian),前(qian)(qian)置望柱(zhu)(zhu)七根(gen),裝有(you)木欄板。整個建(jian)筑之前(qian)(qian)部(bu)均(jun)(jun)懸(xuan)于(yu)空中,下用十余根(gen)木柱(zhu)(zhu)支撐,結構奇特,十分(fen)險峻。上層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)闊五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),主殿(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),主殿(dian)進深兩(liang)(liang)(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),余皆進深一間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)(qian)均(jun)(jun)置走(zou)廊(lang),供人登高(gao)望遠。
寺廟布局
中國古代寺(si)(si)廟的(de)(de)布局大多是正(zheng)面中路為山門,山門內左(zuo)右分(fen)別為鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou),正(zheng)面是天(tian)王殿,殿內有(you)四大金剛塑(su)像,后面依次為大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿和藏經(jing)樓(lou),僧房、齋堂則分(fen)列正(zheng)中路左(zuo)右兩側。大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿是佛寺(si)(si)中最(zui)重(zhong)要、最(zui)龐大的(de)(de)建(jian)筑,“大雄(xiong)(xiong)”即為佛祖釋加牟尼。因而中國佛寺(si)(si)不論規模地(di)點(dian),其建(jian)筑布局是有(you)一定規律(lv)的(de)(de):平面方形,以山門殿——天(tian)王殿——大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿——本寺(si)(si)主供菩薩殿——法堂——藏經(jing)樓(lou)這(zhe)(zhe)條南北縱深軸線來組織空(kong)間,對稱穩重(zhong)且整飭嚴謹。惠濟寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)全寺(si)(si)布局則不一樣,天(tian)王殿后面,大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿、大悲殿、藏經(jing)樓(lou)、玉(yu)皇殿、方丈室等均在一條平行線上,屬于華北園林(lin)建(jian)筑風格。這(zhe)(zhe)也與(yu)它依山就勢的(de)(de)地(di)理位置有(you)關,無(wu)法縱向延(yan)伸,只能(neng)橫向發展(zhan)。慧濟寺(si)(si)里有(you)一處龍泉,其意義頗似觀(guan)音凈(jing)(jing)瓶里的(de)(de)凈(jing)(jing)水,很多人都希望能(neng)沾上一點(dian)凈(jing)(jing)水,與(yu)佛結緣。
寺廟景觀
文(wen)殊殿為康清熙五(wu)十三(san)年(nian)(1714年(nian))重建(jian),面寬(kuan)、進深(shen)各三(san)間(jian),平(ping)面近(jin)方形,單(dan)檐懸山頂。殿內佛(fo)壇上(shang)保存彩塑(su)(su)18尊,兩(liang)山墻繪壁(bi)畫20余平(ping)方米(mi)。 大(da)佛(fo)殿為宋(song)代(dai)遺(yi)構,面寬(kuan)五(wu)間(jian),進深(shen)八椽,單(dan)檐歇山頂,磚建(jian)月臺寬(kuan)大(da)。殿內使(shi)用(yong)減柱(zhu)造,金柱(zhu)上(shang)用(yong)大(da)雀替承內額,其上(shang)四(si)椽栿與前后乳栿搭交。柱(zhu)頭斗栱五(wu)鋪(pu)作雙下昂,里(li)轉(zhuan)六(liu)鋪(pu)作出三(san)抄(chao),后尾(wei)置于順梁下,明間(jian)補間(jian)鋪(pu)作出45度(du)斜昂。殿內佛(fo)壇上(shang)塑(su)(su)佛(fo)、菩(pu)薩、脅(xie)侍、童子、金剛等,為宋(song)塑(su)(su)佳作。兩(liang)壁(bi)千佛(fo)閣內存有157尊宋(song)代(dai)木雕(diao),雕(diao)工精細,刀法(fa)有力。殿內后壁(bi)奉(feng)曹(cao)氏姥塑(su)(su)像一尊。寺(si)中庵,奉(feng)曹(cao)氏姥,相傳唐時建(jian)寺(si),曹(cao)氏布(bu)施汲水,每(mei)日一缸,供營(ying)建(jian)用(yong),工竣而坐化。后人(ren)念(nian)其功德,建(jian)庵祀之。
寺廟佛殿
大(da)圓(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)殿(dian),是(shi)惠濟(ji)寺的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)殿(dian),建(jian)于清(qing)康熙年間(jian),“圓(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)”是(shi)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)的(de)(de)(de)代名(ming)詞,其意是(shi)“不偏倚,無阻(zu)礙”,圓(yuan)(yuan)滿通(tong)(tong)達。大(da)圓(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)殿(dian)即觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)菩(pu)薩(sa)正殿(dian),在(zai)佛(fo)教經典中,觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)是(shi)耳根(gen)(gen)通(tong)(tong)(一根(gen)(gen)通(tong)(tong))即六根(gen)(gen)(眼、耳、鼻(bi)、舌(she)、身(shen)(shen)、意)通(tong)(tong)。觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)菩(pu)薩(sa)能聽到(dao)苦難的(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)救聲,便(bian)能眼觀(guan)(guan),故(gu)名(ming)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)。大(da)圓(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)殿(dian)是(shi)單(dan)層重(zhong)檐的(de)(de)(de)木結構建(jian)筑,頂蓋黃色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦,飛(fei)檐翹角,莊重(zhong)典雅,是(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)初建(jian)筑風格。大(da)圓(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)殿(dian)兩(liang)旁(pang)端坐著32座觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)應身(shen)(shen)像,展(zhan)示了觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)在(zai)十方世界以不同身(shen)(shen)份(fen)出現的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)形象。再加(jia)上中間(jian)供奉的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)佛(fo)身(shen)(shen),共33身(shen)(shen)。這(zhe)里還(huan)有一座白(bai)玉的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin),很(hen)多人拜完以后,都會摸一摸玉觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)的(de)(de)(de)腳。
相關資料
現存(cun)(cun)主殿(dian)是(shi)文殊殿(dian),為宋代重建(jian)(jian),殿(dian)內(nei)仍保留有唐(tang)柱(zhu)兩(liang)根(gen)。前(qian)柱(zhu)四根(gen)呈(cheng)八字形,稍向內(nei)傾,且保留有唐(tang)代建(jian)(jian)筑風格。此殿(dian)面(mian)闊五間(jian),進(jin)深三間(jian),前(qian)有廊子(zi),并有磚鋪月臺,殿(dian)內(nei)兩(liang)柱(zhu)上(shang)懸掛對聯一副(fu):福殿(dian)巍峨山接三清(qing)法界,天(tian)香縹緲如游九府神宮(gong)。 殿(dian)內(nei)彩塑(su),造型優美(mei),姿(zi)態(tai)生(sheng)動,衣紋流暢,比例勻稱,為目前(qian)宋塑(su)中罕見珍品。兩(liang)壁千佛閣內(nei)的宋代木(mu)雕,現存(cun)(cun)有157尊(zun)(zun),其中有十尊(zun)(zun)三頭六臂,雕工精細,刀法有力,真可謂藝術大作(zuo)。殿(dian)內(nei)有壁畫,內(nei)容為菩薩救難,色(se)彩以石綠和(he)鐵青(qing)色(se)為主,筆工古樸。
在殿內壁角,有一(yi)(yi)曹(cao)姑(gu)姑(gu)坐化像(xiang),其(qi)外(wai)部泥塑(su),其(qi)內確有人體骨骼(ge)。據傳在建(jian)此廟(miao)時,此地有曹(cao)氏(shi)姥愿以汲水為(wei)布(bu)施,每清晨(chen)汲水一(yi)(yi)缸,則足夠工(gong)人一(yi)(yi)日之用,竣工(gong)后(hou)而曹(cao)氏(shi)姥便坐化。于是,在寺中別修一(yi)(yi)庵塑(su)像(xiang)祀之,以其(qi)有功(gong)于寺