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簡介

黎城城隍廟(miao)座落在縣城河下街，坐北(bei)向南(nan)。該廟(miao)始(shi)建(jian)于宋天圣三年（1025年)。城隍廟(miao)將門(men)作(zuo)樓，系三層重檐(yan)，故俗稱三節樓。現存建(jian)筑(zhu)主要有(you)門(men)樓和正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)。門(men)樓面闊(kuo)三間(jian)，進深二間(jian)，屬明代(dai)風格(ge)。臺基呈長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)18米，寬12米臺高2.35米。 門(men)樓正(zheng)(zheng)中橫(heng)掛一匾，上書“群峰環翠”。屋(wu)頂形(xing)(xing)制為三層重檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂。正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)、吻獸、垂獸、戧脊(ji)獸、套獸，均(jun)為黃綠(lv)相間(jian)琉璃造。山(shan)花出際(ji)施博風板，懸(xuan)魚作(zuo)卷云(yun)如意式(shi)斗(dou)拱均(jun)為五(wu)鋪作(zuo)雙下昂(ang)。用材(cai)粗壯宏大，巍然(ran)壯觀，為黎城古建(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)冠。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)面闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)、進深五(wu)間(jian)，六椽(chuan)伏前(qian)后(hou)接乳，通檐(yan)用五(wu)柱，基本(ben)上為現代(dai)風格(ge)，臺基邊長(chang)(chang)18米，呈正(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)，臺高1.37米。 殿(dian)內一排前(qian)金(jin)枝，屋(wu)頂形(xing)(xing)制為懸(xuan)山(shan)頂，正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)、吻獸均(jun)為黃綠(lv)相間(jian)琉璃造，斗(dou)拱均(jun)為五(wu)鋪作(zuo)雙下昂(ang)，威嚴肅穆(mu)。

現狀

山西省重(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位。在黎城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)正街與河下(xia)街相交處北(bei)隅。坐(zuo)北(bei)向南，原為(wei)(wei)兩進院布(bu)局，現(xian)僅(jin)存前(qian)院。廟(miao)內(nei)前(qian)有山門(men)、后(hou)有正殿，東西廂(xiang)房左右配置，殿宇巍峨(e)，飛(fei)檐凌空，紅墻綠瓦，莊(zhuang)重(zhong)古(gu)樸(pu)。歷為(wei)(wei)黎邑(yi)一(yi)大勝(sheng)景(jing)。體(ti)現(xian)了古(gu)代中國勞動人(ren)民(min)的聰明智慧和高超的建(jian)(jian)筑技藝。該廟(miao)創建(jian)(jian)年(nian)(nian)代無考(kao)，據清康(kang)熙二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)（1682）《黎城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志》和廟(miao)內(nei)碑刻記載：北(bei)宋天圣三年(nian)(nian)（1025）隨(sui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)治遷變而遷建(jian)(jian)于今(jin)址(zhi)。元至(zhi)正十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)（1358），農民(min)起義軍紅巾軍一(yi)支攻破黎城(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)焚(fen)于兵火。明洪武(wu)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)（1369）于舊(jiu)址(zhi)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。嘉(jia)靖(jing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)（1357）六月，城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)山門(men)古(gu)樓(lou)(lou)（俗稱(cheng)三節(jie)樓(lou)(lou)）傾塌，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)民(min)縉紳等措資財于是月二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九日興土(tu)再建(jian)(jian)，于嘉(jia)靖(jing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)（1539）六月五日竣工。清康(kang)熙四十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)（1701）二(er)(er)月重(zhong)修。咸豐三年(nian)(nian)（1853）八(ba)月二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三日，太平天國北(bei)征軍林鳳(feng)翔所部，由(you)潞入(ru)黎，攻打縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)，三節(jie)樓(lou)(lou)被(bei)燒毀。咸豐八(ba)年(nian)(nian)（1858）重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)三節(jie)樓(lou)(lou)。宣統三年(nian)(nian)（1911）再次重(zhong)修。中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共和國成立后(hou)，黎城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)政府將其列入(ru)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位。1982年(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府撥專款進行了維修彩繪。現(xian)已成為(wei)(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)博物(wu)(wu)館館址(zhi)。

三(san)節(jie)樓(lou)為城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)門樓(lou)。因屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)形制為重檐(yan)三(san)滴(di)水，故(gu)名之(zhi)(zhi)。該樓(lou)面闊三(san)間，進(jin)深兩間，通高約20米(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺基高峙(zhi)，磚(zhuan)石砌臺，長(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高2.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)。平面布局呈(cheng)長(chang)方(fang)形。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)為三(san)層重檐(yan)歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)。樓(lou)內圓柱方(fang)額，斗(dou)(dou)拱密置，五踩斗(dou)(dou)拱雙下昂，昂呈(cheng)琴面式，梁(liang)架規整，結構(gou)緊俏。樓(lou)頂(ding)(ding)滿覆琉璃，貓頭滴(di)水皆備。吻獸均為黃(huang)綠琉璃相間，山花出際施博(bo)風(feng)、懸(xuan)魚、惹草、懸(xuan)魚作如意式，十分精(jing)制。雖歷(li)盡滄桑之(zhi)(zhi)變，仍保留(liu)著明代建筑風(feng)格。據明嘉靖三(san)十一年（1552）冬，邑人靳惟(wei)精(jing)撰《重修(xiu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)門樓(lou)記》載：“予謂，天(tian)下城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)皆有(you)廟(miao)(miao)，廟(miao)(miao)必有(you)門，門未必有(you)樓(lou)也。唯此黎廟(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)門有(you)樓(lou)，意在飾廟(miao)(miao)云爾。自有(you)宋天(tian)圣(sheng)三(san)年乙丑遷創(chuang)今縣(xian)，高城(cheng)(cheng)深隍(huang)，其英靈之(zhi)(zhi)氣寓(yu)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)中，而實超乎城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)表，萃而為神(shen)，受命于(yu)上帝以(yi)主斯土者，蓋五百二十八歲(sui)于(yu)今矣。其神(shen)棲有(you)廟(miao)(miao)，肇構(gou)莫稽。”

正殿(dian)位居(ju)門(men)樓之北(bei)，面闊五間(jian)，進(jin)深五間(jian)，平面布局正方形(xing)，屋(wu)頂(ding)形(xing)制(zhi)懸山(shan)頂(ding)。圓柱圓梁，四椽栿，通檐用五柱。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)減前金(jin)柱一(yi)排。前檐斗(dou)拱(gong)為五踩(cai)(cai)單(dan)下(xia)昂，明次(ci)間(jian)補間(jian)出斜(xie)拱(gong)。后(hou)檐斗(dou)拱(gong)為三踩(cai)(cai)當(dang)下(xia)昂。屋(wu)頂(ding)脊獸均(jun)為黃(huang)綠琉璃(li)相間(jian)鴟吻(wen)、垂獸色調(diao)沉穩，制(zhi)作精細，系清(qing)(qing)代中期(qi)所(suo)燒(shao)制(zhi)。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)新建碑(bei)廊(lang)一(yi)座，長(chang)約26米。廊(lang)內(nei)(nei)鑲嵌陳列北(bei)魏造像碑(bei)，隋(sui)螭首造像碑(bei)，隋(sui)、唐、五代時期(qi)的墓志銘(ming)及明清(qing)(qing)官衙各(ge)類(lei)行政(zheng)明文碑(bei)等二十余通（方）。

布局

城(cheng)隍廟在黎(li)城(cheng)縣城(cheng)內正(zheng)街(jie)。廟座北(bei)(bei)向南(nan)，原(yuan)為兩進院，現僅存前院。廟內前有山門，后有正(zheng)殿，東西廂房左右配(pei)置，殿宇巍峨，飛檐(yan)凌空，紅墻綠瓦，莊重古樸(pu)，歷為黎(li)邑一大勝景。該廟創建年代無(wu)考，據清康熙《黎(li)城(cheng)縣志(zhi)》和廟內碑刻記載，北(bei)(bei)宋天圣三年（1025）隨縣治(zhi)遷(qian)變而遷(qian)建于(yu)今址。

元至正(zheng)十八年(nian)（1358），農(nong)民起義軍(jun)紅巾軍(jun)一支攻破黎(li)城，城隍廟(miao)焚(fen)于(yu)兵火。明洪武二年(nian)（1369）于(yu)舊(jiu)址重建，明清各朝均(jun)有修(xiu)葺。1982年(nian)縣(xian)政府撥(bo)專款進行了維修(xiu)彩繪，現為(wei)縣(xian)博物館館址。 三節(jie)樓為(wei)城隍廟(miao)之(zhi)門樓。因屋(wu)頂(ding)形(xing)制為(wei)重檐三滴水，故(gu)名(ming)之(zhi)。該樓面闊三間，進深兩間，通(tong)高(gao)約20米(mi)。臺(tai)基高(gao)崎，磚石砌臺(tai)，平面布局呈長(chang)方形(xing)。屋(wu)頂(ding)為(wei)三層重檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)，樓頂(ding)滿(man)覆琉璃，裝修(xiu)十分(fen)精致(zhi)，為(wei)明代中國建筑風格。

正殿位居門樓(lou)之(zhi)北，面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)深(shen)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平面(mian)布局正方形，屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)形制(zhi)懸(xuan)山頂(ding)(ding)。圓柱圓梁(liang)，四椽袱對前后乳袱，通(tong)檐(yan)用(yong)五(wu)柱。殿內減前金柱一排。前檐(yan)斗拱(gong)為(wei)五(wu)踩雙(shuang)下(xia)昂，明次間(jian)(jian)(jian)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)出斜(xie)拱(gong)。后檐(yan)斗拱(gong)為(wei)三踩單下(xia)昂。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)脊獸(shou)(shou)均為(wei)黃綠琉(liu)璃(li)相間(jian)(jian)(jian)，鴟吻、垂(chui)獸(shou)(shou)色(se)調(diao)沉穩，制(zhi)作精細，系(xi)清代(dai)中期(qi)所(suo)燒制(zhi)。

廟(miao)內新建碑(bei)廊，長26米。廊內鑲嵌(qian)陳列北魏造(zao)像碑(bei)，隋螭首浮(fu)圖(tu)碑(bei)，隋、唐、五代時期的(de)墓志(zhi)銘及明清官(guan)衙(ya)各類行政明文碑(bei)等20余通(tong)。城隍廟(miao)現已成為(wei)縣城內一(yi)處(chu)重要(yao)的(de)游覽場所。

來由

宋代(dai)(dai)民間(jian)普(pu)遍(bian)信(xin)(xin)仰(yang)，明代(dai)(dai)朱(zhu)元璋(zhang)推崇(chong)有(you)加。在宋代(dai)(dai)，城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)信(xin)(xin)仰(yang)已是(shi)民間(jian)非常(chang)普(pu)遍(bian)的信(xin)(xin)仰(yang)了(le)，元代(dai)(dai)文宗天歷年間(jian)，朝(chao)廷讓城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺配享夫(fu)人，從(cong)此城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)里(li)就有(you)了(le)寢殿，專(zhuan)門供奉城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺及城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)夫(fu)人。

到了(le)明代(dai)，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)更是推崇有(you)加,相(xiang)傳朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)稱帝(di)之(zhi)前,曾經宿身(shen)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟而幸免大(da)難.朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)稱帝(di)之(zhi)后,于(yu)洪武元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1368年(nian)(nian)),下(xia)旨封(feng)都城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)為(wei)監察司(si)(si)顯(xian)(xian)佑(you)(you)王(wang)，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)正(zheng)一(yi)品(pin)(pin)；與朝廷(ting)的(de)太(tai)師、太(tai)傅(fu)、太(tai)保(bao)“三(san)公(gong)”和左右丞相(xiang)平級(ji)。同時封(feng)各(ge)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)為(wei)監察司(si)(si)民(min)(min)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)威靈(ling)公(gong)、職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)正(zheng)二品(pin)(pin)；封(feng)州城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)為(wei)監察司(si)(si)民(min)(min)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)顯(xian)(xian)佑(you)(you)侯，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)正(zheng)三(san)品(pin)(pin)；封(feng)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)為(wei)監察司(si)(si)民(min)(min)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)顯(xian)(xian)佑(you)(you)伯，職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)正(zheng)四品(pin)(pin)。正(zheng)是在這一(yi)時期，各(ge)州府縣(xian)(xian)，紛紛修建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟。都城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟由(you)皇帝(di)親自(zi)勅(chi)建(jian)，皇宮撥付銀兩，廟內住(zhu)持(chi)由(you)朝廷(ting)直接任命，各(ge)府、州、縣(xian)(xian)則(ze)按照等級(ji)，依次效仿，規(gui)模等級(ji)完(wan)全參照地方(fang)官(guan)(guan)署衙門(men)，按級(ji)別配制冕毓官(guan)(guan)服。明洪武三(san)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1370）年(nian)(nian)朝廷(ting)頒布(bu)了(le)專(zhuan)門(men)祭祀城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)的(de)典章制度。并下(xia)詔(zhao)去除了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)封(feng)號(hao)，封(feng)京都城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)為(wei)“都城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)”。其它只稱某(mou)府某(mou)州或(huo)某(mou)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)。