芒果视频下载

帝陵分布

陜西省西安(an)市：2座（霸·杜）

陜西(xi)省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)：9座(zuo)（長(chang)·義·康·安·陽·茂·平(ping)·渭·延）

形制

為什么漢(han)(han)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)霸(ba)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)漢(han)(han)宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)杜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沒有修在咸陽塬上呢？一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面是(shi)因為漢(han)(han)代(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)埋葬(zang)有嚴格的昭穆制(zhi)度；一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)力求(qiu)節(jie)儉，所以(yi)選擇在因山(shan)為陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)當皇帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之前“周徧(bian)三輔”、“尤樂杜、鄠(hu)之間，率常在下杜”，他的父母(mu)均(jun)葬(zang)于(yu)長安城東南，所以(yi)宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)筑陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)于(yu)杜東塬。西(xi)漢(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的形(xing)制(zhi)有兩(liang)類(lei)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)是(shi)霸(ba)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)因山(shan)為陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的形(xing)式(shi)，墓葬(zang)開鑿(zao)于(yu)山(shan)崖中(zhong)，不另起墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。其他10陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)則屬另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)，都筑有高(gao)大(da)(da)的覆斗形(xing)夯土(tu)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般底部約150～170米見(jian)方(fang)(fang)，高(gao)約20～30余米，以(yi)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)茂(mao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)最大(da)(da)。漢(han)(han)代(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)合(he)葬(zang)同塋而不同陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，后(hou)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)大(da)(da)多在帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的東面，墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)亦較帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為小，惟呂(lv)后(hou)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)小幾乎與高(gao)祖長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)相等。從(cong)陽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)開始(shi)，在帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的四周筑平(ping)面方(fang)(fang)形(xing)的夯土(tu)垣墻(qiang)，每面垣墻(qiang)的中(zhong)央各辟一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)門，門外立雙闕(que)。這(zhe)種圍墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周的方(fang)(fang)形(xing)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園，是(shi)西(xi)漢(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園的通制(zhi)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園之旁建寢(qin)殿和(he)廟。

相關

西漢(han)諸(zhu)陵的陪(pei)(pei)葬(zang)墓都在(zai)(zai)帝(di)(di)陵之東，長(chang)(chang)陵陪(pei)(pei)葬(zang)墓規(gui)模(mo)最(zui)大(da)。茂陵陪(pei)(pei)葬(zang)墓中有(you)著名的衛青、霍去病墓。這些帝(di)(di)陵加上皇親國戚、權臣列侯的陪(pei)(pei)葬(zang)墓自東而(er)西綿延百里，正如古詩所云(yun)：“長(chang)(chang)陵高闕此安劉，附葬(zang)累累盡列侯”。長(chang)(chang)陵開(kai)始置(zhi)(zhi)陵邑(yi)(yi)。漢(han)朝建都長(chang)(chang)安以后，便將齊、楚諸(zhu)國的大(da)姓(xing)和(he)有(you)功之臣都遷到(dao)長(chang)(chang)陵邑(yi)(yi)來。自此而(er)后，往往把高官(guan)豪(hao)(hao)富之家(jia)遷到(dao)各陵邑(yi)(yi)中去，將有(you)實(shi)力(li)的豪(hao)(hao)族控制在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)安，以便鞏固(gu)漢(han)朝的統治。漢(han)元帝(di)(di)永光四(si)年（公元前40年）下詔(zhao)罷置(zhi)(zhi)陵邑(yi)(yi)，因為強迫移民而(er)使百姓(xing)破產，引起社會上的動(dong)蕩(dang)不(bu)安，設置(zhi)(zhi)陵邑(yi)(yi)對鞏固(gu)政權已(yi)不(bu)起作用，所以從渭陵開(kai)始廢置(zhi)(zhi)陵邑(yi)(yi)。