芒果视频下载

帝陵分布

陜西省西安市：2座（霸·杜）

陜西省咸陽市：9座(zuo)（長·義·康(kang)·安·陽·茂·平·渭·延）

形制

為(wei)什么(me)漢(han)文帝(di)(di)(di)霸陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)漢(han)宣帝(di)(di)(di)杜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沒有(you)(you)(you)修在咸陽塬(yuan)上呢？一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)漢(han)代(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)埋(mai)葬有(you)(you)(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)昭穆(mu)制度；一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)文帝(di)(di)(di)力求節儉(jian)，所以(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)在因山(shan)為(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。宣帝(di)(di)(di)當皇帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)前“周(zhou)(zhou)徧三輔”、“尤樂杜、鄠之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，率常在下杜”，他的(de)(de)(de)父(fu)母均葬于長安城(cheng)東南，所以(yi)(yi)宣帝(di)(di)(di)筑(zhu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)于杜東塬(yuan)。西漢(han)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)制有(you)(you)(you)兩類：一(yi)(yi)(yi)類是(shi)(shi)霸陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)因山(shan)為(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式，墓(mu)葬開(kai)(kai)鑿于山(shan)崖中(zhong)，不另起墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。其他10陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)則屬另一(yi)(yi)(yi)類，都(dou)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)高大(da)的(de)(de)(de)覆斗形(xing)(xing)(xing)夯(hang)土(tu)墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般底部約150～170米(mi)(mi)見方，高約20～30余(yu)米(mi)(mi)，以(yi)(yi)武帝(di)(di)(di)茂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)最大(da)。漢(han)代(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)后(hou)合葬同(tong)塋而不同(tong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，后(hou)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)大(da)多在帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)東面(mian)(mian)，墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)亦較帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)小，惟呂后(hou)墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)小幾乎與高祖長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)相等。從(cong)陽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)，在帝(di)(di)(di)后(hou)墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)四周(zhou)(zhou)筑(zhu)平面(mian)(mian)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)夯(hang)土(tu)垣墻(qiang)(qiang)，每面(mian)(mian)垣墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央各辟一(yi)(yi)(yi)門，門外立(li)雙闕。這種圍墳丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園，是(shi)(shi)西漢(han)帝(di)(di)(di)后(hou)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園的(de)(de)(de)通制。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園之(zhi)(zhi)旁建寢殿和(he)廟。

相關

西漢(han)(han)諸陵(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)陪(pei)葬墓(mu)(mu)都(dou)在(zai)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)之東(dong)，長(chang)陵(ling)(ling)陪(pei)葬墓(mu)(mu)規模最大。茂陵(ling)(ling)陪(pei)葬墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)有著名的(de)(de)衛青、霍去病墓(mu)(mu)。這些(xie)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)加上(shang)皇親國戚、權(quan)臣列(lie)侯(hou)的(de)(de)陪(pei)葬墓(mu)(mu)自(zi)東(dong)而(er)西綿延百里，正如(ru)古詩所云(yun)：“長(chang)陵(ling)(ling)高闕此(ci)安劉，附(fu)葬累(lei)累(lei)盡列(lie)侯(hou)”。長(chang)陵(ling)(ling)開始(shi)置(zhi)(zhi)陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)(yi)。漢(han)(han)朝建都(dou)長(chang)安以(yi)后，便將齊、楚(chu)諸國的(de)(de)大姓(xing)和(he)有功(gong)之臣都(dou)遷(qian)到長(chang)陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)(yi)來。自(zi)此(ci)而(er)后，往往把(ba)高官豪(hao)富之家(jia)遷(qian)到各陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)(yi)中(zhong)去，將有實力的(de)(de)豪(hao)族控制在(zai)長(chang)安，以(yi)便鞏固漢(han)(han)朝的(de)(de)統治。漢(han)(han)元帝(di)永(yong)光四年（公元前40年）下詔罷(ba)置(zhi)(zhi)陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)(yi)，因為(wei)強迫移(yi)民而(er)使百姓(xing)破(po)產，引起社會(hui)上(shang)的(de)(de)動蕩不安，設置(zhi)(zhi)陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)(yi)對鞏固政權(quan)已不起作(zuo)用，所以(yi)從渭陵(ling)(ling)開始(shi)廢置(zhi)(zhi)陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)(yi)。